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Zhang C, Zhou Y, Špoljar M, Fressl J, Tomljanović T, Rama V, Kuczyńska-Kippen N. How can top-down and bottom-up manipulation be used to mitigate eutrophication? Mesocosm experiment driven modeling zooplankton seasonal dynamic approach in the trophic cascade. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 243:120364. [PMID: 37473510 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication leads to algae blooms and reduces the transparency of water bodies, which seriously affects water quality and ecosystem equilibrium, especially in shallow water body ecosystems (SWE). Controlling foodwebs by manipulating fish and macrophytes provides a feasible method to mitigate the effects of eutrophication. The response of zooplankton as the primary consumer to biomanipulation is mostly conceptualized and lacks detailed observation. Mesocosm experiments that altered the biomass of planktivorous fish and macrophytes were set up and their boundary conditions were extended into a series of scenarios for modeling biomanipulation. Thus, this study utilizes a one-dimensional lake ecosystem model Water Ecosystems Tool (WET) which considered each zooplankton group: rotifers, cladocerans, and copepods, to predict the seasonal dynamic effects of biomanipulation on zooplankton in SWE, and the model results are analyzed in comparison with the mesocosm results. Observed data from mesocosm experiments set up in a temperate pond, including water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chlorophyll a (Chl a), macrophytes, zooplankton, and fish, were used to calibrate and validate the models. The modeled results showed that in spring and summer zooplanktivorous fish removal would increase all three categories of zooplankton and consequently cause a decrease of phytoplankton, whilst an increase in fish biomass would increase phytoplankton, and concomitantly water turbidity. However, in autumn, rotifers and phytoplankton increased in response to fish removal, but cladocerans and copepods decreased, 27% and 41%, respectively. Across all three vegetated seasons, increasing the biomass of macrophytes revealed a similar pattern: all three categories of zooplankton increased and phytoplankton subsequently decreased. Our study proposes a "fish-zooplankton-macrophyte-phytoplankton" trophic cascade and quantitatively predicts the dynamics of each zooplankton group under biomanipulation through this pathway, and provides support for establishing macrophyte beds and removing zooplanktivorous fish (in spring and summer) as an effective approach to mitigate eutrophication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yuhong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Maria Špoljar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Jelena Fressl
- Elektroprojekt d.d., Alexandera von Humboldta 4, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Tea Tomljanović
- Department of Fisheries, Beekeeping, Game Management and Special Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Valjbone Rama
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Natalia Kuczyńska-Kippen
- Department of Water Protection, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
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Yang X, Zhang X, Graeber D, Hensley R, Jarvie H, Lorke A, Borchardt D, Li Q, Rode M. Large-stream nitrate retention patterns shift during droughts: Seasonal to sub-daily insights from high-frequency data-model fusion. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 243:120347. [PMID: 37490830 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
High-frequency nitrate-N (NO3--N) data are increasingly available, while accurate assessments of in-stream NO3--N retention in large streams and rivers require a better capture of complex river hydrodynamic conditions. This study demonstrates a fusion framework between high-frequency water quality data and hydrological transport models, that (1) captures river hydraulics and their impacts on solute signal propagation through river hydrodynamic modeling, and (2) infers in-stream retention as the differences between conservatively traced and reactively observed NO3--N signals. Using this framework, continuous 15-min estimates of NO3--N retention were derived in a 6th-order reach of the lower Bode River (27.4 km, central Germany), using long-term sensor monitoring data during a period of normal flow from 2015 to 2017 and a period of drought from 2018 to 2020. The unique NO3--N retention estimates, together with metabolic characteristics, revealed insightful seasonal patterns (from high net autotrophic removal in late-spring to lower rates, to net heterotrophic release during autumn) and drought-induced variations of those patterns (reduced levels of net removal and autotrophic nitrate removal largely buffered by heterotrophic release processes, including organic matter mineralization). Four clusters of diel removal patterns were identified, potentially representing changes in dominant NO3--N retention processes according to seasonal and hydrological conditions. For example, dominance of autotrophic NO3--N retention extended more widely across seasons during the drought years. Such cross-scale patterns and changes under droughts are likely co-determined by catchment and river environments (e.g., river primary production, dissolved organic carbon availability and its quality), which resulted in more complex responses to the sequential droughts. Inferences derived from this novel data-model fusion provide new insights into NO3- dynamics and ecosystem function of large streams, as well as their responses to climate variability. Moreover, this framework can be flexibly transferred across sites and scales, thereby complementing high-frequency monitoring to identify in-stream retention processes and to inform river management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Yang
- Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Magdeburg 39114, Germany.
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Magdeburg 39114, Germany
| | - Daniel Graeber
- Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Magdeburg 39114, Germany
| | - Robert Hensley
- Battelle - National Ecological Observatory Network, Boulder 80301, United States
| | - Helen Jarvie
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Andreas Lorke
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau 76829, Germany
| | - Dietrich Borchardt
- Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Magdeburg 39114, Germany
| | - Qiongfang Li
- Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Michael Rode
- Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Magdeburg 39114, Germany; Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
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Yang S, Bertuzzo E, Büttner O, Borchardt D, Rao PSC. Emergent spatial patterns of competing benthic and pelagic algae in a river network: A parsimonious basin-scale modeling analysis. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 193:116887. [PMID: 33582496 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.116887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Algae, as primary producers in riverine ecosystems, are found in two distinct habitats: benthic and pelagic algae typically prevalent in shallow/small and deep/large streams, respectively. Over an entire river continuum, spatiotemporal patterns of the two algal communities reflect specificity in habitat preference determined by geomorphic structure, hydroclimatic controls, and spatiotemporal heterogeneity in nutrient loads from point- and diffuse-sources. By representing these complex interactions between geomorphic, hydrologic, geochemical, and ecological processes, we present here a new river-network-scale dynamic model (CnANDY) for pelagic (A) and benthic (B) algae competing for energy and one limiting nutrient (phosphorus, P). We used the urbanized Weser River Basin in Germany (7th-order; ~8.4 million population; ~46 K km2) as a case study and analyzed simulations for equilibrium mass and concentrations under steady median river discharge. We also examined P, A, and B spatial patterns in four sub-basins. We found an emerging pattern characterized by scaling of P and A concentrations over stream-order ω, whereas B concentration was described by three distinct phases. Furthermore, an abrupt algal regime shift occurred in intermediate streams from B dominance in ω≤3 to exclusive A presence in ω≥6. Modeled and long-term basin-scale monitored dissolved P concentrations matched well for ω>4, and with overlapping ranges in ω<3. Power-spectral analyses for the equilibrium P, A, and B mass distributions along hydrological flow paths showed stronger clustering compared to geomorphological attributes, and longer spatial autocorrelation distance for A compared to B. We discuss the implications of our findings for advancing hydro-ecological concepts, guiding monitoring, informing management of water quality, restoring aquatic habitat, and extending CnANDY model to other river basins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Yang
- Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany; Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Enrico Bertuzzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Olaf Büttner
- Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dietrich Borchardt
- Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - P Suresh C Rao
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Agronomy Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Highly efficient nitrate and phosphorus removal and adsorption of tetracycline by precipitation in a chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol immobilized bioreactor. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:1761-1771. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02365-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Westphal K, Graeber D, Musolff A, Fang Y, Jawitz JW, Borchardt D. Multi-decadal trajectories of phosphorus loading, export, and instream retention along a catchment gradient. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 667:769-779. [PMID: 30851610 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus inputs to many rivers have been reduced in recent decades to mitigate the damaging effects of eutrophication. However, reductions in total phosphorus (TP) inputs rarely correspond with ecological improvements of the river ecosystem. We analyzed a unique weekly long-term data set ranging from 1966 to 2013, covering seven monitoring sites in the Ruhr River in Germany. We identified the relative importance of different TP sources, quantified long-term trajectories of degradation and recovery, including the dynamics of TP retention, and assessed the response of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) to increasing and decreasing TP concentrations along the whole river gradient. We found that the decline of TP loads at the beginning of the 1980s was dominantly triggered by a reduction of point sources. The cumulative TP retention capacity increased along the river gradient, increasing from effectively zero in the upstream section, to 26% and 36% of TP input in the upper midstream and lower downstream section. This pattern is consistent with higher prevalence of impoundments and weirs downstream, indicating that TP retention is likely associated with sedimentation posing a potential risk due to remobilization of legacy phosphorus. Degradation and recovery pathways differ from upstream to downstream. Along the river continuum we found three distinct types of reversible trajectories: 1. instream storage only during the recovery phase (upstream only); 2. instream storage in both degradation and recovery phases, but with significantly different characteristics depending on TP input load (midstream only); 3. higher instream storage during the recovery phase (downstream only). While in-stream TP loads may recover rapidly, the ecological response to altered nutrient inputs can be associated with considerable time-lags and decouplings between Chl-a and TP concentrations. Therefore, river systems may not return to historically good ecological status solely from massive nutrient reduction, but may also require other management activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Westphal
- Department Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Brückstr. 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Daniel Graeber
- Department Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Brückstr. 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Musolff
- Department Hydrogeology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydro-Science and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - James W Jawitz
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, 2169 McCarty Hall, PO Box 110290, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America
| | - Dietrich Borchardt
- Department Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Brückstr. 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
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Jäger CG, Borchardt D. Longitudinal patterns and response lengths of algae in riverine ecosystems: A model analysis emphasising benthic-pelagic interactions. J Theor Biol 2018; 442:66-78. [PMID: 29337262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In riverine ecosystems primary production is principally possible in two habitats: in the benthic layer by sessile algae and in the surface water by planktonic algae being transported downstream. The relevance of these two habitats generally changes along the rivers' continuum. However, analyses of the interaction of algae in these two habitats and their controlling factors in riverine ecosystems are, so far, very rare. We use a simplified advection-diffusion model system combined with ecological process kinetics to analyse the interaction of benthic and planktonic algae and nutrients along idealised streams and rivers at regional to large scales. Because many of the underlying processes affecting algal dynamics are influenced by depth, we focus particularly on the impact of river depth on this interaction. At constant environmental conditions all state variables approach stable spatial equilibria along the river, independent of the boundary conditions at the upstream end. Because our model is very robust against changes of turbulent diffusion and stream velocity, these spatial equilibria can be analysed by a simplified ordinary differential equation (ode) version of our model. This model variant reveals that at shallower river depths, phytoplankton can exist only when it is subsidised by detaching benthic algae, and in turn, at deeper river depths, benthic algae can exist only in low biomasses which are subsidised by sinking planktonic algae. We generalise the spatial dynamics of the model system using different conditions at the upstream end of the model, which mimic various natural or anthropogenic factors (pristine source, dam, inflow of a waste water treatment plant, and dilution from e.g. a tributary) and analyse how these scenarios influence different aspects of the longitudinal spatial dynamics of the full spatial model: the relation of spatial equilibrium to spatial maximum, the distance to the spatial maximum, and the response length. Generally, our results imply that shallow systems recover within significantly shorter distances from spatially distinct disturbances when compared to deep systems, independent of the type of disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph G Jäger
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Aquatic Ecosystems Analysis and Management, Brückstraße 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Dietrich Borchardt
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Aquatic Ecosystems Analysis and Management, Brückstraße 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany.
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Sun R, Sun P, Zhang J, Esquivel-Elizondo S, Wu Y. Microorganisms-based methods for harmful algal blooms control: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 248:12-20. [PMID: 28801171 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a worldwide problem with numerous negative effects on water systems, which have prompted researchers to study applicable measures to inhibit and control them. This review summarized the current microorganisms-based methods or technologies aimed at controlling HABs. Based on their characteristics, these methods can be divided into two categories: methods based on single-species microorganisms and methods based on microbial aggregates, and four types: methods for rapid decrease of algal cells density (e.g., alga-bacterium and alga-fungus bioflocculation), inhibition of harmful algal growth, lysis of harmful algae (e.g. algicidal bacteria, fungi, and actinomycete), and methods based on microbial aggregates (periphytons and biofilms). An integrative process of "flocculation-lysis-degradation-nutrients regulation" is proposed to control HABs. This review not only offers a systematic understanding of HABs control technologies based on microorganisms but also elicits a re-thinking of HABs control based on microbial aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengfei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Jianhong Zhang
- Resources & Environment Business Dept., International Engineering Consulting Corporation, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Sofia Esquivel-Elizondo
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology at Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 South McAllister Avenue, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, USA
| | - Yonghong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
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