1
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Cao J, Xue B, Yang S, Yang X, Zhang X, Qiu Z, Shen Z, Wang J. Chlorite and bromate alter the conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance genes: Co-regulation of oxidative stress and energy supply. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134257. [PMID: 38636236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The widespread use of disinfectants during the global response to the 2019 coronavirus pandemic has increased the co-occurrence of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Although DBPs pose major threats to public health globally, there is limited knowledge regarding their biological effects on ARGs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of two inorganic DBPs (chlorite and bromate) on the conjugative transfer of RP4 plasmid among Escherichia coli strains at environmentally relevant concentrations. Interestingly, the frequency of conjugative transfer was initially inhibited when the exposure time to chlorite or bromate was less than 24 h. However, this inhibition transformed into promotion when the exposure time was extended to 36 h. Short exposures to chlorite or bromate were shown to impede the electron transport chain, resulting in an ATP shortage and subsequently inhibiting conjugative transfer. Consequently, this stimulates the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of the SOS response. Upon prolonged exposure, the resurgent energy supply promoted conjugative transfer. These findings offer novel and valuable insights into the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of inorganic DBPs on the conjugative transfer of ARGs, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the management of DBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrui Cao
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Bin Xue
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Shuran Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Zhigang Qiu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China.
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China.
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2
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Zuo Z, Niu C, Zhao X, Lai CY, Zheng M, Guo J, Hu S, Liu T. Biological bromate reduction coupled with in situ gas fermentation in H 2/CO 2-based membrane biofilm reactor. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 254:121402. [PMID: 38461600 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Bromate, a carcinogenic contaminant generated in water disinfection, presents a pressing environmental concern. While biological bromate reduction is an effective remediation approach, its implementation often necessitates the addition of organics, incurring high operational costs. This study demonstrated the efficient biological bromate reduction using H2/CO2 mixture as the feedstock. A membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) was used for the efficient delivery of gases. Long-term reactor operation showed a high-level bromate removal efficiency of above 95 %, yielding harmless bromide as the final product. Corresponding to the short hydraulic retention time of 0.25 d, a high bromate removal rate of 4 mg Br/L/d was achieved. During the long-term operation, in situ production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) by gas fermentation was observed, which can be regulated by controlling the gas flow. Three sets of in situ batch tests and two groups of ex situ batch tests jointly unravelled the mechanisms underpinning the efficient bromate removal, showing that the microbial bromate reduction was primarily driven by the VFAs produced from in situ gas fermentation. Microbial community analysis showed an increased abundance of Bacteroidota group from 4.0 % to 18.5 %, which is capable of performing syngas fermentation, and the presence of heterotrophic denitrifiers (e.g., Thauera and Brachymonas), which are known to perform bromate reduction. Together these results for the first time demonstrated the feasibility of using H2/CO2 mixture for bromate removal coupled with in situ VFAs production. The findings can facilitate the development of cost-effective strategies for groundwater and drinking water remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zuo
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Chenkai Niu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Chun-Yu Lai
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Shihu Hu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Tao Liu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
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3
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Morrison C, Hogard S, Pearce R, Mohan A, Pisarenko AN, Dickenson ERV, von Gunten U, Wert EC. Critical Review on Bromate Formation during Ozonation and Control Options for Its Minimization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:18393-18409. [PMID: 37363871 PMCID: PMC10690720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Ozone is a commonly applied disinfectant and oxidant in drinking water and has more recently been implemented for enhanced municipal wastewater treatment for potable reuse and ecosystem protection. One drawback is the potential formation of bromate, a possible human carcinogen with a strict drinking water standard of 10 μg/L. The formation of bromate from bromide during ozonation is complex and involves reactions with both ozone and secondary oxidants formed from ozone decomposition, i.e., hydroxyl radical. The underlying mechanism has been elucidated over the past several decades, and the extent of many parallel reactions occurring with either ozone or hydroxyl radicals depends strongly on the concentration, type of dissolved organic matter (DOM), and carbonate. On the basis of mechanistic considerations, several approaches minimizing bromate formation during ozonation can be applied. Removal of bromate after ozonation is less feasible. We recommend that bromate control strategies be prioritized in the following order: (1) control bromide discharge at the source and ensure optimal ozone mass-transfer design to minimize bromate formation, (2) minimize bromate formation during ozonation by chemical control strategies, such as ammonium with or without chlorine addition or hydrogen peroxide addition, which interfere with specific bromate formation steps and/or mask bromide, (3) implement a pretreatment strategy to reduce bromide and/or DOM prior to ozonation, and (4) assess the suitability of ozonation altogether or utilize a downstream treatment process that may already be in place, such as reverse osmosis, for post-ozone bromate abatement. A one-size-fits-all approach to bromate control does not exist, and treatment objectives, such as disinfection and micropollutant abatement, must also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina
M. Morrison
- Southern
Nevada Water Authority (SNWA), P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193-9954, United
States
| | - Samantha Hogard
- Hampton
Roads Sanitation District, P.O. Box 5911, Virginia Beach, Virginia 23471-0911, United
States
- The
Charles Edward Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Robert Pearce
- Hampton
Roads Sanitation District, P.O. Box 5911, Virginia Beach, Virginia 23471-0911, United
States
- The
Charles Edward Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Aarthi Mohan
- Southern
Nevada Water Authority (SNWA), P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193-9954, United
States
| | - Aleksey N. Pisarenko
- Trussell
Technologies, Inc., 380
Stevens Avenue, Suite 212, Solana Beach, California 92075, United States
| | - Eric R. V. Dickenson
- Southern
Nevada Water Authority (SNWA), P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193-9954, United
States
| | - Urs von Gunten
- Eawag,
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
- School of
Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
(EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric C. Wert
- Southern
Nevada Water Authority (SNWA), P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193-9954, United
States
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4
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Falås P, Juárez R, Dell LA, Fransson S, Karlsson S, Cimbritz M. Microbial bromate reduction following ozonation of bromide-rich wastewater in coastal areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 841:156694. [PMID: 35714740 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ozonation of wastewater can reduce the release of organic micropollutants, but may result in the formation of undesirable by-products, such as bromate from bromide. Bromide is one of the most abundant ions in seawater, the primary precursor of bromate during ozonation, and the end product in microbial bromate reduction. Investigations were carried out to compare the concentration of bromide in wastewater in coastal and non-coastal catchment areas, to monitor bromate formation during ozonation, and to assess the potential for subsequent bromate reduction with denitrifying carriers. Higher bromide concentrations were systematically observed in wastewater from coastal catchment areas (0.2-2 mg Br-/L) than in wastewater from non-coastal areas (0.06-0.2 mg Br-/L), resulting in elevated formation of bromate during ozonation. Subsequent investigations of bromate reduction in contact with denitrifying carriers from two full-scale moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) showed that 80 % of the bromate formed during ozonation could be reduced to bromide in 60 min with first-order rate constants of 0.3-0.8 L/(gbiomass·h). Flow-through experiments with denitrifying carriers also showed that combined reduction of bromate and nitrate could be achieved below a concentration of 2 mg NOx--N/L. These findings indicate that bromide-rich wastewater is more likely to be of concern when using ozonation in coastal than in non-coastal areas, and that bromate and nitrate reduction can be combined in a single biofilm reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Falås
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Rubén Juárez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; Sweden Water Research AB, Ideon Science Park, Scheelevägen 15, SE-223 70 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lauren A Dell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sandra Fransson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Stina Karlsson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; Sweden Water Research AB, Ideon Science Park, Scheelevägen 15, SE-223 70 Lund, Sweden
| | - Michael Cimbritz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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5
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Wang F, Pan J, Hu Y, Zhou J, Wang H, Huang X, Chu W, van der Hoek JP. Effects of biological activated carbon filter running time on disinfection by-product precursor removal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155936. [PMID: 35580672 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration is usually considered to be able to decrease formation potentials (FPs) of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water treatment plant (DWTP). However, BAC filters with long running time may release microbial metabolites to effluents and therefore increase FPs of nitrogenous DBPs with high toxicity. To verify this hypothesis, this study continuously tracked BAC filters in a DWTP for one year, and assessed effects of old (running time 8-9 years) and new (running time 0-13 months) BAC filters on FPs of 15 regulated and unregulated DBPs. Results revealed that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal was slightly higher in the new BAC than the old one. All fluorescent components of dissolved organic matter evidently declined after new BAC filtration, but fulvic acid-like and soluble microbial product-like substances increased after old BAC filtration, which could be caused by microbial leakage. Correspondingly, new BAC filter generally removed more DBP FPs than the old one. 46.5% HAA7 FPs from chlorination and 44.3% THM4 FPs from chloramination were removed by new BAC filter. However, some DBP FPs, especially HAN FPs, were poorly removed or even increased by the old BAC filter. Proteobacteria could be a main contributor for DBP precursor removal in BAC filters. Herminiimonas, most abundant genera in new BAC filter, may explain its better DOC and UV254 removal performance and lower DBP FPs, while Bradyrhizobium, most abundant genera in old BAC filter, might produce more extracellular polymeric substances and therefore increased N-DBP FPs in old BAC effluent. This study provided insight into variations of DBP FPs and microbial communities in the new and old BAC filters, and will be helpful for the optimization of DWTP design and operation for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jiazheng Pan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Yulin Hu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Haoqian Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wenhai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Jan Peter van der Hoek
- Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, the Netherlands; Research & Innovation Program, Waternet, 1096 AC Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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6
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Jiang M, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Dai X, Li H, Zhang X, Wu Z, Zheng J. Model Evaluation of the Microbial Metabolic Processes in a Hydrogen-Based Membrane Biofilm Reactor for Simultaneous Bromate and Nitrate Reduction. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:774. [PMID: 36005689 PMCID: PMC9415787 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12080774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The H2-based membrane biofilm reactor (H2-MBfR) has been acknowledged as a cost-effective microbial reduction technology for oxyanion removal from drinking water sources, but it remains unknown how the evolution of biofilm characteristics responds to the changing critical operating parameters of the H2-MBfR for simultaneous bromate (BrO3-) and nitrate (NO3-) elimination. Therefore, an expanded multispecies model, applicable to mechanistically interpret the bromate-reducing bacteria (BRB)- and denitrifying bacteria (DNB)-dominated metabolic processes in the biofilm of the H2-MBfR, was developed in this study. The model outputs indicate that (1) increased BrO3- loading facilitated the metabolism of BRB by increasing BRB fraction and BrO3- gradients in the biofilm, but had a marginal influence on NO3- reduction; (2) H2 pressure of 0.04 MPa enabled the minimal loss of H2 and the extension of the active region of BRB and DNB in the biofilm; (3) once the influent NO3- concentration was beyond 10 mg N/L, the fraction and activity of BRB significantly declined; (4) BRB was more tolerant than DNB for the acidic aquatic environment incurred by the CO2 pressure over 0.02 MPa. The results corroborate that the degree of microbial competition for substrates and space in the biofilm was dependent on system operating parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, 319 Yanshan Street, Guilin 541006, China
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, 1 Jinji Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, 1 Jinji Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, 1 Jinji Road, Guilin 541004, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, 46 Yanda Road, Huizhou 516007, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xingru Dai
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, 1 Jinji Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Haixiang Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, 319 Yanshan Street, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, 319 Yanshan Street, Guilin 541006, China
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, 1 Jinji Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhichao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Junjian Zheng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, 1 Jinji Road, Guilin 541004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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7
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Timmers PHA, Slootweg T, Knezev A, van der Schans M, Zandvliet L, Reus A, Vughs D, Heijnen L, Knol T, El Majjaoui J, van der Wielen P, Stuyfzand PJ, Lekkerkerker-Teunissen K. Improved drinking water quality after adding advanced oxidation for organic micropollutant removal to pretreatment of river water undergoing dune infiltration near The Hague, Netherlands. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 429:128346. [PMID: 35236037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peer H A Timmers
- KWR Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, the Netherlands.
| | - T Slootweg
- The Water Laboratory N.V., J.W. Lucasweg 2, 2031 BE Haarlem, the Netherlands
| | - A Knezev
- The Water Laboratory N.V., J.W. Lucasweg 2, 2031 BE Haarlem, the Netherlands
| | - M van der Schans
- KWR Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - L Zandvliet
- The Water Laboratory N.V., J.W. Lucasweg 2, 2031 BE Haarlem, the Netherlands
| | - A Reus
- KWR Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - D Vughs
- KWR Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - L Heijnen
- KWR Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - T Knol
- Dunea, Utility for drinking water and nature conservancy, Plein van de Verenigde Naties 11-15, 2719 EG Zoetermeer, the Netherlands
| | - J El Majjaoui
- Dunea, Utility for drinking water and nature conservancy, Plein van de Verenigde Naties 11-15, 2719 EG Zoetermeer, the Netherlands
| | - P van der Wielen
- KWR Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, the Netherlands
| | - P J Stuyfzand
- KWR Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Stuyfzand Hydroconsult+, Brederodestraat 138, 2042BL Zandvoort, the Netherlands
| | - K Lekkerkerker-Teunissen
- Dunea, Utility for drinking water and nature conservancy, Plein van de Verenigde Naties 11-15, 2719 EG Zoetermeer, the Netherlands
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8
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Removal of Hydrogen Peroxide Residuals and By-Product Bromate from Advanced Oxidation Processes by Granular Activated Carbon. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13182460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During drinking water treatment, advanced oxidation process (AOP) with O3 and H2O2 may result in by-products, residual H2O2 and BrO3−. The water containing H2O2 and BrO3− often flows into subsequent granular activated carbon (GAC) filters. A concentrated H2O2 solution can be used as GAC modification reagent at 60 °C to improve its adsorption ability. However, whether low concentrations of H2O2 residuals from AOP can modify GAC, and the impact of H2O2 residuals on BrO3− removal by the subsequent GAC filter at ambient temperature, is unknown. This study evaluated the modification of GAC surface functional groups by residual H2O2 and its effect on BrO3− removal by GAC. Results showed that both H2O2 and BrO3− were effectively removed by virgin GAC, while pre-loaded and regenerated GACs removed H2O2 but not BrO3− anymore. At the ambient temperature 150 µmol/L H2O2 residuals consumed large amounts of functional groups, which resulted in the decrease of BrO3− removal by virgin GAC in the presence of H2O2 residuals. Redox reactions between BrO3− and surface functional groups played a dominant role in BrO3− removal by GAC, and only a small amount of BrO3− was removed by GAC adsorption. The higher the pH, the less BrO3− removal and the more H2O2 removal was observed.
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9
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Pan W, Huang Q, Huang G, Xing L. Modeling the effects of temperature on the migration and transformation of nitrate during riverbank filtration using HYDRUS-2D. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 783:146656. [PMID: 33865130 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Riverbank filtration is a natural aquifer-based process. The nitrogen dynamics in a riverbank filtration system are affected by many factors, including temperature, water quality, and travel time, which cannot be quantified easily. In this study, a field experiment was conducted to investigate nitrogen transport during riverbank filtration. The HYDRUS-2D software package was used to investigate and quantify the factors that affect the fate of nitrogen. The effects of temperature, water quality, and travel time on nitrate transport were considered. The model was calibrated and validated using field experimental data from the river water and groundwater during riverbank filtration at different periods. The results showed that HYDRUS-2D adequately simulated nitrate transport during riverbank filtration. The denitrification rate constant exhibited a positive exponential relationship with temperature. An empirical formula describing this relationship in riverbank filtration was developed and validated. In addition, the denitrification rate can be quantified within a specified temperature data range under field conditions. Compared with indoor experimental conditions, for the same temperature, there was a 10-fold increase in the denitrification rate constant under field conditions. The results showed that most of the nitrate removal occurred in the riparian zone at high temperatures during riverbank filtration. We concluded that the fate of nitrate in the riparian zone is strongly controlled by groundwater temperature. Travel time also plays an important role in nitrate removal during riverbank filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Pan
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China.
| | - Quanzhong Huang
- Chinese-Israeli International Center for Research and Training in Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Guanhua Huang
- Chinese-Israeli International Center for Research and Training in Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Liting Xing
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China
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10
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Jahan BN, Li L, Pagilla KR. Fate and reduction of bromate formed in advanced water treatment ozonation systems: A critical review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 266:128964. [PMID: 33250222 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection in water treatment and reclamation systems eliminates the potential health risks associated with waterborne pathogens, however it may produce disinfection by-products (DBPs) harmful to human health. Potentially carcinogenic bromate is a DBP formed during the ozonation of bromide-containing waters. To mitigate the problem of bromate formation, different physical/chemical or biological reduction methods of bromate have been investigated. Until now, adsorption-based physical method has proven to be more effective than chemical methods in potable water treatment. Though several studies on biological reduction methods have been carried out in a variety of bioreactor systems, such as in biologically active carbon filters and denitrifying bioreactors, the microbiological mechanisms or biochemical pathways of bromate minimization have not been clearly determined to date. Genetic analysis could provide a broader picture of microorganisms involved in bromate reduction which might show cometabolic or respiratory pathways, and affirm the synergy functions between different contributing groups. The hypothesis established from the diffusion coefficients of different electron donor and acceptors, illustrates that some microorganisms preferring bromate over oxygen contain specific enzymes which lower the activation energy required for bromate reduction. In addition, considering microbial bromate reduction as an effective treatment strategy; field scale investigations are required to observe quantitative correlations of various influencing parameters such as pH, ozone dose, additives or constituents such as ammonia, hydrogen peroxide, and/or chloramine, dissolved organic carbon levels, dissolved oxygen gradient within biofilm, and empty bed contact time on bromate removal or reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begum Nazia Jahan
- Graduate Research Assistant, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Post-Doctoral Researcher, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Krishna R Pagilla
- Chair, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA.
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Fakhreddine S, Prommer H, Scanlon BR, Ying SC, Nicot JP. Mobilization of Arsenic and Other Naturally Occurring Contaminants during Managed Aquifer Recharge: A Critical Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:2208-2223. [PMID: 33503373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Population growth and climate variability highlight the need to enhance freshwater security and diversify water supplies. Subsurface storage of water in depleted aquifers is increasingly used globally to alleviate disparities in water supply and demand often caused by climate extremes including floods and droughts. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) stores excess water supplies during wet periods via infiltration into shallow underlying aquifers or direct injection into deep aquifers for recovery during dry seasons. Additionally, MAR can be designed to improve recharge water quality, particularly in the case of soil aquifer treatment and riverbank filtration. While there are many potential benefits to MAR, introduction of recharge water can alter the native geochemical and hydrological conditions in the receiving aquifer, potentially mobilizing toxic, naturally occurring (geogenic) contaminants from sediments into groundwater where they pose a much larger threat to human and ecosystem health. On the basis of the present literature, arsenic poses the most widespread challenge at MAR sites due to its ubiquity in subsurface sediments and toxicity at trace concentrations. Other geogenic contaminants of concern include fluoride, molybdenum, manganese, and iron. Water quality degradation threatens the viability of some MAR projects with several sites abandoning operations due to arsenic or other contaminant mobilization. Here, we provide a critical review of studies that have uncovered the geochemical and hydrological mechanisms controlling mobilization of arsenic and other geogenic contaminants at MAR sites worldwide, including both infiltration and injection sites. These mechanisms were evaluated based on site-specific characteristics, including hydrological setting, native aquifer geochemistry, and operational site parameters (e.g., source of recharge water and recharge/recovery cycling). Observed mechanisms of geogenic contaminant mobilization during MAR via injection include shifting redox conditions and, to a lesser extent, pH-promoted desorption, mineral solubility, and competitive ligand exchange. The relative importance of these mechanisms depends on various site-specific, operational parameters, including pretreatment of injection water and duration of injection, storage, and recovery phases. This critical review synthesizes findings across case studies in various geochemical, hydrological, and operational settings to better understand controls on arsenic and other geogenic contaminant mobilization and inform the planning and design of future MAR projects to protect groundwater quality. This critical review concludes with an evaluation of proposed management strategies for geogenic contaminants and identification of knowledge gaps regarding fate and transport of geogenic contaminants during MAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Fakhreddine
- Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Henning Prommer
- CSIRO Land and Water, Wembley, Western Australia 6913, Australia
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6913, Australia
| | - Bridget R Scanlon
- Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Samantha C Ying
- Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jean-Philippe Nicot
- Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
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12
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Gorski G, Dailey H, Fisher AT, Schrad N, Saltikov C. Denitrification during infiltration for managed aquifer recharge: Infiltration rate controls and microbial response. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 727:138642. [PMID: 32334223 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) systems can be designed and operated to improve water supply and quality simultaneously by creating favorable conditions for contaminant removal during infiltration through shallow soils. We present results from laboratory flow-through column experiments, using intact soil cores from two MAR sites, elucidating conditions that are favorable to nitrate (NO3) removal via microbial denitrification during infiltration. Experiments focused on quantitative relations between infiltration rate and the presence or absence of a carbon-rich permeable reactive barrier (PRB) on both amounts and rates of nitrate removal during infiltration and associated shifts in microbial ecology. Experiments were conducted using a range of infiltration rates relevant to MAR (0.3-1.4 m/day), with PRBs made of native soil (NS), woodchips (WC) and a 50:50 mixture of woodchips and native soil (MIX). The latter two (carbon-rich) PRB treatments led to statistically significant increases in the amount of nitrate removed by increasing zero-order denitrification rates, both within the PRB materials and in the underlying soil. The highest fraction of nitrate removal occurred at the lowest infiltration rates for all treatments. However, the highest nitrogen mass removal (∆NL) was observed at 0.4-0.7 m/day for both the WC and MIX treatments. In contrast, the maximum ∆NL for the NS treatment was observed at the lowest infiltration rates measured (~0.3 m/day). Further, both carbon-rich PRBs had a substantial impact on the soil microbial ecology in the underlying soil, with lower overall diversity and a greater relative abundance of groups known to degrade carbon and metabolize nitrogen. These results demonstrate that infiltration rates and carbon availability can combine to create favorable conditions for denitrification during infiltration for MAR and show how these factors shape and sustain the microbial community structures responsible for nutrient cycling in associated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galen Gorski
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States.
| | - Hannah Dailey
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
| | - Andrew T Fisher
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
| | - Nicole Schrad
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
| | - Chad Saltikov
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
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Dahiru M, Abu Bakar NK, Yus Off I, Low KH, Mohd MN. Assessment of denitrification potential for coastal and inland sites using groundwater and soil analysis: the multivariate approach. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:294. [PMID: 32307605 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to determine the reason behind excellent nitrate remediation capacity at Kelantan region, a multivariate approach is employed to evaluate extent to which the influence of sea on soil geochemical composition affect variation pattern of groundwater quality. The results obtained from geochemical analysis of paleo-beach soil in coastal site at Bachok revealed multiple redox activity at different soil strata, involving both heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrification. In soil and water analysis, eight of the fourteen hydro-geochemical parameters (conductivity, temperature, soil texture, oxidation reduction potential, pH, total organic carbon, Fe, Cu, Mn, Cl-, SO42-, NO2-, NO3- and PO43-) measured using standard procedures were subjected to multivariate analysis. Evaluation of general variation pattern across the area reveals that the principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) are in consonance with one another on apportioning three parameters (SO42-, Cl- and conductivity) to the coastal sites and two parameters (Fe and NH4+ or NO3-) to inland sites. The step forward analysis of LDA reveals four parameters in order of decreasing significance as Cl-, Fe and SO42-, while the two-way HCA identifies three clusters on location basis, respectively. In addition to the significant data reduction obtained, the results indicate that proximity to sea and location/geological-based influence are more significant than temporal-based influence in denitrification. By extension, the research reveals that influence of labile portion of natural resources is explorable for broader application in other remediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muntaka Dahiru
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Science Lab Tech, Kano State Polytechnic, Kano, Nigeria
| | | | - Ismail Yus Off
- Department of Geology, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Kah Hin Low
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad N Mohd
- Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, UiTM Cawangan Kampus, 77300, Melaka, Malaysia
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Zhang R, Wang F, Chu W, Fang C, Wang H, Hou M, Xiao R, Ji G. Microbial degradation of typical amino acids and its impact on the formation of trihalomethanes, haloacetonitriles and haloacetamides during chlor(am)ination. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 159:55-64. [PMID: 31078752 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) in chlorinated drinking water are receiving increasing attention due to their elevated toxicities. An effective strategy to control the formation of N-DBPs is to reduce their nitrogenous precursors (e.g., amino acids [AAs], believed to be the important N-DBP precursors) before disinfection. So far, little information is available about the effectiveness of conventional microbial degradation at controlling the formation of N-DBPs. In this study, the biodegradability of 20 AAs was investigated, and the impacts of microbial degradation for the selected 6 typical AAs on the formation of N-DBPs (haloacetonitriles and haloacetamides) and traditional carbonaceous DBP (chloroform) were investigated. The results indicated that glycine, arginine, aspartic acid, asparagine, alanine and serine were susceptible to biodegradation, and the formation potentials (FPs) of DBPs were remarkably reduced after biodegradation. The highest chloroform FP reduction rates from tryptophan and tyrosine were 85.4% and 56.2%, respectively. The FPs of dichloroacetonitrile and trichloroacetamide were also reduced after biodegradation of the all selected AA samples during chlor(am)ination. Dichloroacetamide FPs decreased continuously with incubation time during chlorination for phenylalanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, and the mixed AAs, and the highest reduction rates were 78.7%, 74.6%, 46.7% and 35.3% respectively. The results of integrated toxicity analysis indicated that the pre-treatment of microbial degradation significantly decreased the integrated toxicity of DBPs formed from AAs. Moreover, the microbial community analysis revealed that Proteobacteria was predominant at phylum level in the mixed AA sample, and the dominant genera were Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas. Proteobacteria may play an important role in controlling DBP precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200092, China; School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wenhai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Chao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Mengtian Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Guixia Ji
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
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Beganskas S, Gorski G, Weathers T, Fisher AT, Schmidt C, Saltikov C, Redford K, Stoneburner B, Harmon R, Weir W. A horizontal permeable reactive barrier stimulates nitrate removal and shifts microbial ecology during rapid infiltration for managed recharge. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 144:274-284. [PMID: 30048866 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present results from field experiments linking hydrology, geochemistry, and microbiology during infiltration at a field site that is used for managed aquifer recharge (MAR). These experiments measured how a horizontal permeable reactive barrier (PRB) made of woodchips impacted subsurface nitrate removal and microbial ecology. Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon consistently increased in infiltrating water below the PRB, but not in un-amended native soil. The average nitrate removal rate in soils below the PRB was 1.5 g/m2/day NO3-N, despite rapid infiltration (up to 1.9 m/d) and a short fluid residence time within the woodchips (≤6 h). In contrast, 0.09 g/m2/day NO3-N was removed on average in native soil. Residual nitrate in infiltrating water below the PRB was enriched in δ15N and δ18O, with low and variable isotopic enrichment factors that are consistent with denitrification during rapid infiltration. Many putative denitrifying bacteria were significantly enhanced in the soil below a PRB; Methylotenera mobilis and genera Microbacterium, Polaromonas, and Novosphingobium had log2 fold-changes of +4.9, +5.6, +7.2, and +11.8, respectively. These bacteria were present before infiltration and were not enhanced in native soil. It appears that the woodchip PRB contributed to favorable conditions in the underlying soil for enhanced nitrate removal, quantitatively shifting soil microbial ecology. These results suggest that using a horizontal PRB could improve water quality during rapid infiltration for MAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Beganskas
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
| | - Galen Gorski
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Tess Weathers
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Andrew T Fisher
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Calla Schmidt
- Environmental Science, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94117, USA
| | - Chad Saltikov
- Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Redford
- Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Brendon Stoneburner
- Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Ryan Harmon
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Walker Weir
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
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16
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Bromate Reduction by Iron(II) during Managed Aquifer Recharge: A Laboratory-Scale Study. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10040370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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