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Nguyen DA, Nguyen VB, Jang A. Ultrahigh-porosity Ranunculus-like MgO adsorbent coupled with predictive deep belief networks: A transformative method for phosphorus treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 249:120930. [PMID: 38101047 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is a nonrenewable material with a finite supply on Earth; however, due to the rapid growth of the manufacturing industry, phosphorus contamination has become a global concern. Therefore, this study highlights the remarkable potential of ranunculus-like MgO (MO4-MO6) as superior adsorbents for phosphate removal and recovery. Furthermore, MO6 stands out with an impressive adsorption capacity of 596.88 mg/g and a high efficacy across a wide pH range (2-10) under varying coexisting ion concentrations. MO6 outperforms the top current adsorbents for phosphate removal. The process follows Pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models, indicating chemical interactions between the phosphate species and homogeneous MO6 monolayer. MO6 maintains 80 % removal and 96 % recovery after five cycles and adheres to the WHO and EUWFD regulations for residual elements in water. FT-IR and XPS analyses further reveal the underlying mechanisms, including ion exchange, electrostatic, and acid-base interactions. Ten machine learning (ML) models were applied to simultaneously predict multi-criteria (sorption capacity, removal efficiency, final pH, and Mg leakage) affected by 15 diverse environmental conditions. Traditional ML models and deep neural networks have poor accuracy, particularly for removal efficiency. However, a breakthrough was achieved by the developed deep belief network (DBN) with unparalleled performance (MAE = 1.3289, RMSE = 5.2552, R2 = 0.9926) across all output features, surpassing all current studies using thousands of data points for only one output factor. These captivating MO6 and DBN models also have immense potential for effectively applying in the real water test with error < 5 %, opening immense horizons for transformative methods, particularly in phosphate removal and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Anh Nguyen
- Department of Global Smart City, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Viet Bac Nguyen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Am Jang
- Department of Global Smart City, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Lu J, Zhang P, Li J, Cao Y, Zhang W, Zhang X, Yi X, Wang H. Mo(VI) removal from water by aluminum electrocoagulation: Cost-effectiveness analysis, main influencing factors, and proposed mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132608. [PMID: 37748311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Mo(VI) (MoO42-) removal by aluminum electrocoagulation (Al EC) with Al as anodes and cathodes was studied for the first time. At the initial Mo concentrations of 0.3 - 150 mg/L, kinetic analysis and effects of main factors (electrode connection modes, current density (CD), initial pH, and electrolytes) were examined, and potential mechanism of Mo(VI) removal were elucidated. Results showed that CD had significant impacts on anode weight loss, cathode weight loss, and total electrode weight loss (p value < 0.05). Cathode weight loss was higher than anode weight loss. XRD analysis results showed lower crystallinity of scums than that of precipitates. Boehmite was the most prevalent oxide in scums. An appropriate amount of NaCl was beneficial for enhancing the Mo(VI) removal efficiency and reducing the energy consumption of the Al EC process. Electrostatic attraction, surface complexation, hydroxyl exchange, flocculation, and coprecipitation were the main mechanisms involved in the Mo(VI) removal process by Al EC. Al EC outperformed conventional chemical coagulation in terms of Mo(VI) removal at the same dosage of Al. The Mo(VI) removal efficiencies in two real water samples (lake water and river water) reached up to 89.2% and 71.2%, respectively. This study provides novel insights into the strategies for the removal of oxoanionic metal pollutants and reduction of operating cost by Al EC technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Lu
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Economics and Management, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Yumin Cao
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Xuesong Yi
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- School of Eco-Environment, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
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3
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Rashidi M, Benneker AM. pH-Tunable electrokinetic movement of droplets. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:3136-3146. [PMID: 37039565 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00385j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation and control of droplet motion in an electric field is of interest in biological systems, microfluidics and electrokinetic (EK) separation techniques. In this work, we show that the electrokinetic motion of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions stabilized by an amphoteric surfactant can be controlled by changing the pH. Amphoteric surfactants carry both positive and negative head groups and change charge under the influence of changing pH, which allows them to impact the surface charge of droplets as a function of pH, and in extension their direction of motion in an electric field. Using a microfluidic system, we evaluate the effect of pH, surfactant concentration and droplet size on the EK velocity of droplets, which is a combination of electrophoresis (EP) and electro-osmotic flow (EOF). We show that by changing the pH from acidic to alkali, the direction of droplet motion in an external electric field changes. The magnitude of the EK velocity at acidic and neutral pH is not significantly altered as a result of the competition of the EP and EOF in the system, which generally have opposite directions. Our results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions for the droplet EP mobility and can thus serve as a verification of the theoretical descriptions. In addition to the pH, the surfactant concentration affects droplet EK velocity, most specifically at pH of 7 which is close to the isoelectric point of the surfactant monomers. At this pH, changing the surfactant concentration changes the direction of droplet motion due the competing effect of the EP and EOF at different surfactant concentrations. By increasing the droplet size, the magnitude of the EK velocity increases because of the larger local ζ-potential of the larger droplets as well as the wall-enhanced effect in the system. The results from this work can be applied to design on-chip droplet separation strategies based on pH variations and are relevant for systems in which pH gradients naturally occur, such as the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoureh Rashidi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Anne M Benneker
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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4
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Tian Y, Chen N, Yang X, Li C, He W, Ren N, Liu G, Yang W. Migration electric-field assisted electrocoagulation with sponge biochar capacitive electrode for advanced wastewater phosphorus removal. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 231:119645. [PMID: 36702022 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Migrating electric field-assisted electrocoagulation (MEAEC) is a three-electrode electrochemical system, including waste flour-derived sponge biochar (SBC) as an adsorption electrode for efficient phosphorus removal from wastewater. The SBC was applied in the MEAEC system as a pseudo capacitance electrode with low energy consumption and reached an excellent effluent level (0.12 mg/L) with a 200-s treatment time in 1 mg/L phosphate synthetic wastewater. The SBC adsorption electrode had a total charge capacitance of 1.14 F/g with abundant micropores. Continuous charging and discharging at a constant voltage over 100 cycles demonstrated the excellent durability of the biochar electrodes. The energy demand of SBC-MEAEC was only 0.0058 kWh/m3 for 90% phosphate removal, which was 65% less than that of the control. The use of SBC in the MEAEC system greatly enhanced phosphate removal at low concentrations. In the SBC-MEAEC system, the electro-desorption synchronous electrocoagulation process demonstrated efficient concentration and release of ions after electro-adsorption. These results indicate that MEAEC with an SBC electrode could achieve a high level of phosphate removal with a much lower energy consumption than in previous studies. The recovered concentrated phosphorus flocs also contained fewer metal impurities than those in previous electrochemical approaches. The proposed desorption synchronous electrocoagulation utilizing waste-derived SBC electrodes provides a cost-effective pathway to treat low phosphorous-containing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Tian
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Nianhua Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Weihua He
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Guohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Wulin Yang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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5
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Zhan Z, Wang R, Saakes M, van der Weijden RD, Buisman CJN, Lei Y. Basket anode filled with CaCO 3 particles: A membrane-free electrochemical system for boosting phosphate recovery and product purity. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 231:119604. [PMID: 36669305 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is often regarded as the primary stimulant for eutrophication, while its importance as a crucial life element is also well acknowledged. Given its future scarcity, P recycling from waste streams is suggested and practiced. Electrochemically mediated precipitation (EMP) is a robust and chemical-free process for P removal and recovery, yet it requires further developments. The first generation of the CaCO3-packed electrochemical precipitation column successfully solved the problem of H+-OH- recombination, achieving enhanced P removal efficiency with less energy consumption but suffering from low Ca-phosphate purity in recovered products. Herein, a new concept of a basket-anode electrochemical system is proposed and validated to prevent direct H+-OH- recombination and enhance product purity. The CaCO3 pellets packed basket anode alleviates the OH- depletion by CaCO3-H+ interaction and provides extra Ca2+ for enhanced P removal. The novel structure of the basket anode, by its derived acidic anode region and alkaline cathode region, completely avoids the precipitation of Ca-phosphate on the packed CaCO3 and greatly facilitates the collection of high-quality Ca-phosphate product. Our results suggest that almost 100% of the removed P was in high-purity, highly crystalline Ca-phosphate on the cathode. The recovered products contained significantly more P (13.5 wt%) than in the previous study (0.1 wt%) at similar energy consumptions (29.8 kWh/kg P). The applied current density, pellets size, and influent P concentration were critical for P removal performance, product purity, and power consumption. We further demonstrated the long-term stability of this novel system and its technical and economic feasibility in treating real stored urine. Our study provides new cell architectural designs to enhance the performance of EMP systems and may inspire innovations and developments in other electrochemical water treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengshuo Zhan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Runhua Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Michel Saakes
- Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Renata D van der Weijden
- Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cees J N Buisman
- Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Lei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Yan Y, Zhao Y, Gong C, Tao Y, Lu K, Hong X, Xia M, Wang F. In-situ growth of 2D magnesium hydroxide on zirconium-based metal organic frameworks for phosphate removal: An experimental and theoretical exploration of adsorption behavior. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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7
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Othmani A, Kadier A, Singh R, Igwegbe CA, Bouzid M, Aquatar MO, Khanday WA, Bote ME, Damiri F, Gökkuş Ö, Sher F. A comprehensive review on green perspectives of electrocoagulation integrated with advanced processes for effective pollutants removal from water environment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114294. [PMID: 36113573 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly expanding global energy demand is forcing a release of regulated pollutants into water that is threatening human health. Among various wastewater remediating processes, electrocoagulation (EC) has scored a monumental success over conventional processes because it combines coagulation, sedimentation, floatation and electrochemical oxidation processes that can effectively decimate numerous stubborn pollutants. The EC processes have gained some attention through various academic and industrial publications, however critical evaluation of EC processes, choices of EC processes for various pollutants, process parameters, mechanisms, commercial EC technologies and performance enhancement via other degradation processes (DPs) integration have not been comprehensively covered to date. Therefore, the major objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of 20 years of literature covering EC fundamentals, key process factors for a reactor design, process implementation, current challenges and performance enhancement by coupling EC with pivotal pollutant DPs including, electro/photo-Fenton (E/P-F), photocatalysis, sono-chemical treatment, ozonation, indirect electrochemical/advanced oxidation (AO), and biosorption that have substantially reduced metals, pathogens, toxic compound BOD, COD, colors in wastewater. The results suggest that the optimum treatment time, current density, pulse frequency, shaking speed and spaced electrode improve the pollutants removal efficiency. An elegant process design can prevent electrode passivation which is a critical limitation of EC technology. EC coupling (up or downstream) with other DPs has resulted in the removal of organic pollutants and heavy metals with a 20% improved efficiency by EC-EF, removal of 85.5% suspended solid, 76.2% turbidity, 88.9% BOD, 79.7% COD and 93% color by EC-electroflotation, 100% decolorization by EC-electrochemical-AO, reduction of 78% COD, 81% BOD, 97% color by EC-ozonation and removal of 94% ammonia, 94% BOD, 95% turbidity, >98% phosphorus by aerated EC and peroxicoagulation. The major wastewater purification achievements, future potential and challenges are described to model the future EC integrated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Othmani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of the Environment, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Abudukeremu Kadier
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Raghuveer Singh
- Research Division, James R. Randall Research Center, Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) Company, Decatur, IL, 62521, USA
| | | | - Mohamed Bouzid
- Quantum and Statistical Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Environment Boulevard, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Md Osim Aquatar
- Environmental Materials Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Waheed Ahmad Khanday
- Department of Chemistry, Government Degree College Anantnag, Jammu & Kashmir, 192101, India
| | - Million Ebba Bote
- Department of Water Supply and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, PoBox - 378, Ethiopia
| | - Fouad Damiri
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Organic Synthesis (BIOSYNTHO), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sick, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca, 20000, Morocco
| | - Ömür Gökkuş
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Farooq Sher
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom.
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8
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Zheng Y, Wan Y, Zhang Y, Huang J, Yang Y, Tsang DCW, Wang H, Chen H, Gao B. Recovery of phosphorus from wastewater: A review based on current phosphorous removal technologies. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 53:1148-1172. [PMID: 37090929 PMCID: PMC10116781 DOI: 10.1080/10643389.2022.2128194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) as an essential nutrient for life sustains the productivity of food systems; yet misdirected P often accumulates in wastewater and triggers water eutrophication if not properly treated. Although technologies have been developed to remove P, little attention has been paid to the recovery of P from wastewater. This work provides a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art P removal technologies in the science of wastewater treatment. Our analyses focus on the mechanisms, removal efficiencies, and recovery potential of four typical water and wastewater treatment processes including precipitation, biological treatment, membrane separation, and adsorption. The design principles, feasibility, operation parameters, and pros & cons of these technologies are analyzed and compared. Perspectives and future research of P removal and recovery are also proposed in the context of paradigm shift to sustainable water treatment technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Zheng
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yongshan Wan
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US EPA, Gulf Breeze, Florida, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jinsheng Huang
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yicheng Yang
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, Arkansas, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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9
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Xie S, Li C, Liao P, Wang J, Chen J, Qian A, Zhang Y, Wei T, Cheng D, Jia M. Experimental and modeling evidence of hydroxyl radical production in iron electrocoagulation as a new mechanism for contaminant transformation in bicarbonate electrolyte. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118662. [PMID: 35640510 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Iron electrocoagulation is designed for sustainable high-efficiency and high-flexibility water purification applications. Recent advances reported that hydroxyl radicals (•OH)-based oxidative transformation of organic contaminants can occur in iron electrocoagulation. However, there is still a lack of mechanistic understanding the production of •OH in bicarbonate electrolyte, which presents a critical knowledge gap in the optimization of iron electrocoagulation technology towards practical application. Combined with contaminant degradation, radical quenching experiments, and spectroscopic techniques, we found that •OH was produced at rate of 16.1 μM∙h - 1 during 30-mA iron electrocoagulation in bicarbonate electrolyte through activation of O2 by Fe(II) under pH-neutral conditions. High yield of •OH occurred at pH 8.5, likely due to high adsorbed Fe(II) that can activate O2 to enhance •OH production. Mössbauer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements substantiated that Fe(II)-adsorbed lepidocrocite was the dominant solid Fe(II) species at pH 8.5. A process-based kinetic modeling was developed to describe the dynamic of •OH production, Fe(II) oxidation, and contaminant degradation processes in iron electrocoagulation. Findings of this study extend the functionality of electrocoagulation from phase separation to •OH-based advanced oxidation process, which provides a new perspective for the development of electrocoagulation-based next generation sustainable water purification technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Xie
- School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Chang Li
- School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Peng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China.
| | - Jingfu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Jingan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Ao Qian
- State Key Lab of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, No. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430078, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Taoyuan Wei
- School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Dong Cheng
- State Key Lab of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, No. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430078, China
| | - Mengqi Jia
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of British Columbia, 2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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10
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Wang N, Feng Y, Li Y, Zhang L, Liu J, Li N, He W. Effects of ammonia on electrochemical active biofilm in microbial electrolysis cells for synthetic swine wastewater treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 219:118570. [PMID: 35597221 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
When facing wastewater with high organic and ammonia, e. g. swine wastewater, microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) is emerging for energy extraction as hydrogen and methane. However, the effects of highly concentrated ammonia on MEC haven't been fully evaluated. In this study, single-chamber MECs were operated with acetate and sucrose as substrates under various ammonia concentrations. The current generally increased with ammonia loading from 80 to 3000 mg L-1. Yet, the substrate consumption in MECs was inhibited with ammonia concentrations above 1000 mg L-1. As a combined result, the energy recovery efficiency of MECs was stable. The electrochemical activity of anode biofilm reached the peak under 1000 mg L-1 ammonia and was restricted under higher ammonia loadings. Under neutral pH, the NH4+ increases the cell membrane permeability, which benefited the electrochemical activity of exoelectrogens to a proper extent. Nevertheless, the toxic ammonia also accelerated the anode biomass loss and stimulated the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) secretion. Due to the current increase, the abundance of exoelectrogens generally raised with ammonia loading from 80 to 3000 mg L-1. However, except for anode biomass loss, the carbon and methane metabolism pathways were inhibited in acetate-fed MEC, while the glycolysis acted as the rate-limiting step for substrate degradation in sucrose-fed conditions. This study systematically examined the influences of high ammonia loading on MEC performances, bio-community and anode electrochemical activities, and evaluated practical feasibility and application inch of MECs for the energy recovery and pollutant removal of high concentration organic and ammonia wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiyu Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Academy of Ecology and Environment, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yujie Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Academy of Ecology and Environment, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
| | - Yunfei Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Academy of Ecology and Environment, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Academy of Ecology and Environment, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Academy of Ecology and Environment, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Weihua He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Academy of Ecology and Environment, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
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11
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Removal of phosphate in secondary effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plant by iron and aluminum electrocoagulation: Efficiency and mechanism. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Minimizing the Fluoride Load in Water Using the Electrocoagulation Method: An Experimental Approach. ENVIRONMENTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/environments9030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The abundant presence of fluoride (F-) in surface water bodies is an environmental concern because of its effects on human health; medical reports confirmed that fluoride intake above 1.5 mg/L leads to many health complications, including but not limited to weak bones and enamel fluorosis. Thus, the World Health Organisation (WHO) defines 1.20 mg/L as the maximum permissible F- concentration in drinking water. The electrocoagulation method (EC) is globally practised to remove many pollutants from water due to its cost-effectiveness, safety, and ease of use. However, EC has some drawbacks, such as the lack of reactors’ design. In this study, a new EC reactor, which uses four drilled aluminium electrodes and a variant cross-section section container, was designed and used to remove F- from water. The design of the new EC eliminated the need for water mixers. The ability of the new EC unit to remove F- from synthetic water was evaluated at different current densities (CD) (1–3 mA/cm2), electrode distances (ELD) (5–15 mm), pH of the solution (pHoS) (4–10), and initial F- concentrations (IFC) (5–20 mg/L). The outcomes of this study prove that the new reactor could remove as much as 98.3% of 20 mg/l of F- at CD, ELD, pHoS, and IFC of 2 mA/cm2, 5 mm, and 4 and 10 mg/L, respectively.
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Yang S, Sun J, Wu K, Hu C. Enhanced oil droplet aggregation and demulsification by increasing electric field in electrocoagulation. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131123. [PMID: 34182630 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) is an efficient technology for removing oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. However, the role of the electric field in EC for demulsification remains unclear and an obstacle for improving reactor design and operation. Herein, demulsification and oil removal performance by EC under different electric field conditions were investigated. Increasing the EC electric field intensity was beneficial for oil removal, and tandem EC had a higher electric field intensity than parallel EC under the same current density. When the current density was 0.67 mA cm-2, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rates of tandem EC and parallel EC were 1 136.47 and 745.99 g COD kWh-1, respectively. Oil droplets were polarized by the electric field, and then aligned and aggregated parallel to the direction of the electric field. Increasing electric field intensity accelerated the aggregation of oil droplets, as verified by physical fluid simulation. Furthermore, results showed a higher Al3+ dosage and larger electric field intensity in EC with increasing current density, which was conducive to oil droplet demulsification. These findings provide insight into and a theoretical basis for improving oil removal by EC processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiguo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13, Yanta Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710055, China
| | - Jingqiu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kun Wu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13, Yanta Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710055, China
| | - Chengzhi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China.
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14
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Han X, Qu Y, Dong Y, Chen D, Liang D, Liu J, Zhang J, Ren N, Feng Y. Simultaneous electricity generation and eutrophic water treatment utilizing iron coagulation cell with nitrification and denitrification biocathodes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 782:146436. [PMID: 33838382 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic nutrients released into water induce eutrophication and threaten aquatic life and human health. In this study, an Fe anode coagulation cell with nitrification and denitrification biocathodes was constructed for power generation and algae and nutrient removal. The nitrification and denitrification biocathodes achieved maximum power densities of 6.0 and 6.6 W/m3, respectively. The algae (99.2 ± 0.5%), phosphate (97.4 ± 0.6%), and ammonia (23.1 ± 0.2%) were removed by a spontaneous electrocoagulation process in the anode chamber. In the nitrification biocathode chamber, 95.3 ± 1.4% of the ammonia was oxidized within 6 h, and 88.2 ± 2.5% of the nitrate was removed in 10 h in the denitrification biocathode chamber. The microbial community analysis revealed that ammonia removal was attributed to nitrifying bacteria, including Acinetobacter sp., Phycisphaera sp., and Nitrosomonas sp., and the dominant denitrifying bacteria in the denitrifying biocathode chamber were Planococcus sp., Exiguobacterium sp., and Lysinibacillus sp. In this study, the combination of Fe anodes and biocathodes is shown to afford an efficient method for the simultaneous algae and nutrient removal and power generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Han
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Youpeng Qu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 2 Yikuang Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Yue Dong
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Dahong Chen
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - DanDan Liang
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yujie Feng
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China.
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Zhu D, Hong X, Hui KS. Magnetically attracted iron scrap anode based electrocoagulation for phosphate removal. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 84:216-224. [PMID: 34280165 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study shows the effectiveness of a novel electrocoagulation process using magnetically attracted iron scrap anodes for phosphate removal from aqueous solution. The effect of contact time, reaction temperature, dose of iron scrap, initial phosphate concentration, applied voltage, pH, magnetic force, and the species of competing anions on the efficiency of phosphate removal and the reaction products has been investigated. The techniques of XRD, XPS, and VSM were used to characterize the elemental composition and the types of the reaction products in order to clarify the interaction between novel anode and phosphate ions. The removal of phosphate was fitted by a pseudo first-order reaction kinetic model. The results showed that magnetically attracted iron scrap anodes were electrodissoluted under an applied potential and reacted with phosphate into Fe-hydroxo-phosphate complexes. The work suggested that electrocoagulation using magnetically attracted iron scrap anodes had the potential to become a promising technique for phosphate precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Xiangshan Branch of Ningbo Environmental Protection Bureau, Ningbo 315700, China
| | - Xiaoting Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - K S Hui
- School of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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16
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Yan C, Ma T, Wang M, Yang S, Yang L, Gao Y. Electrolysis-enhanced ecological floating bed and its factors influencing nitrogen and phosphorus removal in simulated hyper-eutrophic water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:22832-22842. [PMID: 33432406 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To enhance ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and phosphate (PO43--P) removal in hyper-eutrophic water, electrolysis-enhanced ecological floating bed (EEEFB) was designed with a Mg-Al alloy anode, a Ir-Ta-Ti metal oxide-coated titanium anode, and an Fe anode with the same graphite cathode. The results showed that the Mg-Al alloy anode with graphite cathode had a better ability to enhance NH3-N and PO43--P removal. When the current density was 0.37 mA·cm-2, the electrolysis time was 24 h/d, and the net removal rates of NH3-N and PO43--P were 62% and 99.4%, respectively. In winter, the purification efficiencies of NH3-N and PO43--P were as high as 7388.4 mg·m-2 and 4297.5 mg·m-2, respectively, by EEEFBs which were significantly higher than the traditional ecological floating bed (p < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray spectrometry confirmed that the PO43--P was deposited in the sediment of EEEFBs with Mg-Al alloy anode and Fe anode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Tangming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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Huo S, Liu J, Zhu F, Basheer S, Necas D, Zhang R, Li K, Chen D, Cheng P, Cobb K, Chen P, Brandel B, Ruan R. Post treatment of swine anaerobic effluent by weak electric field following intermittent vacuum assisted adjustment of N:P ratio for oil-rich filamentous microalgae production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 314:123718. [PMID: 32599529 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A weak electric field (EF) was applied to decolorize the swine anaerobic effluent, which was followed by N:P ratio adjustment via intermittent-vacuum stripping (IVS) system for oil-rich filamentous microalgae Tribonema sp. cultivation. A higher electric field strength, higher temperature, and lower pH conditions showed higher efficiency in decolorization and nutrients removal during EF application. In the group of 30:1 (N:P) ratio, Tribonema sp. had the largest biomass accumulation (2.04 g·L-1) after 14 days cultivation. However, the 20:1 group had highest oil accumulation (oil content 55.4 ± 3.4%), while 30:1 (N: P) group was 42.3 ± 1.8%. Under the conditions of sufficient nitrogen (50:1 group), the highest contents of α-linolenic acid (15.5%) and ω-3 fatty acids (21.8%) were reached. The integrated treatment of EF, IVS and microalgae cultivation demonstrated to be effective for nutrients recycling and sustainable biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhao Huo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Junzhi Liu
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Feifei Zhu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Sajid Basheer
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - David Necas
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Renchuan Zhang
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Kun Li
- School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Dongjie Chen
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Pengfei Cheng
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States; College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Krik Cobb
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Paul Chen
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Bailey Brandel
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States.
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18
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Sun D, Hong X, Cui Z, Du Y, Hui KS, Zhu E, Wu K, Hui KN. Treatment of landfill leachate using magnetically attracted zero-valent iron powder electrode in an electric field. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 388:121768. [PMID: 31843409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study combined electro-oxidation (EO) and electrocoagulation (EC) process (EO/EC) to treat landfill leachate by using RuO2-IrO2/Ti plate and microscale zero-valent iron powder composite anode. EO was achieved by direct oxidation and indirect oxidation on RuO2-IrO2/Ti plate, whereas EC was achieved using iron powder to lose electrons and produce coagulants in situ. The influences of variables including type of anode material, applied voltage, zero-valent iron dosage, interelectrode gap, and reaction temperature on EO/EC were evaluated. Results showed that at an applied voltage of 10 V, zero-valent iron dosage of 0.2 g, interelectrode gap of 1 cm, and non-temperature-controlled mode, the removal efficiencies were 72.5 % for total organic carbon (TOC), 98.5 % for ammonia, and 98.6 % for total phosphorus (TP). Some heavy metals and hardness were also removed. Further analysis indicated that the removal of TOC, ammonia, and TP followed pseudo-first order, pseudo-zero order, and pseudo-second order kinetic models, respectively. Other characteristics were examined by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Overall, our results showed that EO/EC can be used to efficiently remove organic matter, ammonia, TP, and heavy metals from landfill leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongni Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China; State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Mineral Metallurgical Resources Utilization and Pollution Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, PR China
| | - Xiaoting Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China.
| | - Zhonghua Cui
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, PR China
| | - Yingying Du
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - K S Hui
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Enhao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Keming Wu
- State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Mineral Metallurgical Resources Utilization and Pollution Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, PR China
| | - K N Hui
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
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19
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Sun D, Hong X, Wu K, Hui KS, Du Y, Hui KN. Simultaneous removal of ammonia and phosphate by electro-oxidation and electrocoagulation using RuO 2-IrO 2/Ti and microscale zero-valent iron composite electrode. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 169:115239. [PMID: 31706129 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electro-oxidation using RuO2-IrO2/Ti plate anode and electrocoagulation using iron plate anode were widely applied to remove ammonia and phosphate in an aquatic environment, respectively. In this work, we designed magnetically bound ZVI microparticles on RuO2-IrO2/Ti plate as a composite electrode for the simultaneous removal of ammonia and phosphate from aqueous solution via combined EO and EC (EO/EC) processes. We present a series of experiments to study such simultaneous removal under an electric field via the EO/EC process. In the electrochemical unit, mZVI-RuO2-IrO2/Ti, mZVI-graphite, and RuO2-IrO2/Ti electrodes were used as anodes. The influence of applied voltage, initial pH, zero-valent iron dosage, reaction temperature, and organic compounds on the EO/EC process was also examined. Ammonia and phosphate could be completely removed at an applied voltage of 10 V, pH of 7, zero-valent iron dosage of 0.1 g, and reaction temperature of 35 °C using mZVI-RuO2-IrO2/Ti anode when influent ammonia and phosphate concentrations is 200 and 100 mg L-1. Ammonia degradation was consistent with pseudo-zero-order kinetic model. The characterization was analyzed by scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Hence, the mZVI-RuO2-IrO2/Ti electrode can be used for efficient simultaneous removal of ammonia and phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongni Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, PR China; Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Xiaoting Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China.
| | - Keming Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, PR China
| | - K S Hui
- Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Yingying Du
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - K N Hui
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
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Wang J, Shih Y, Wang PY, Yu YH, Su JF, Huang CP. Hazardous waste treatment technologies. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2019; 91:1177-1198. [PMID: 31433896 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This is a review of the literature published in 2018 on topics related to hazardous waste management in water, soils, sediments, and air. The review covers treatment technologies applying physical, chemical, and biological principles for contaminated water, soils, sediments, and air. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The management of waters, wastewaters, and soils contaminated by various hazardous chemicals including inorganic (e.g., oxyanions, salts, and heavy metals), organic (e.g., halogenated, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, pesticides, and persistent organic chemicals) was reviewed according to the technology applied, namely, physical, chemical and biological methods. Physical methods for the management of hazardous wastes including adsorption, coagulation (conventional and electrochemical), sand filtration, electrosorption (or CDI), electrodialysis, electrokinetics, membrane (RO, NF, MF), photocatalysis, photoelectrochemical oxidation, sonochemical, non-thermal plasma, supercritical fluid, electrochemical oxidation, and electrochemical reduction processes were reviewed. Chemical methods including ozone-based, hydrogen peroxide-based, persulfate-based, Fenton and Fenton-like, and potassium permanganate processes for the management of hazardous were reviewed. Biological methods such as aerobic, anaerobic, bioreactor, constructed wetlands, soil bioremediation and biofilter processes for the management of hazardous wastes, in mode of consortium and pure culture were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Wang
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science & Technology, Rolla, Missouri
| | - Yujen Shih
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po Yen Wang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Weidner University, Chester, Pennsylvania
| | - Yu Han Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Jenn Fang Su
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Chin-Pao Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
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Wang P, Jiao R, Liu L, Xiao F, An G, Wang D. Optimized coagulation pathway of Al 13: Effect of in-situ Aggregation of Al 13. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 230:76-83. [PMID: 31102874 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The coagulation mechanism for removing particles by Al13 has been extensively investigated for water treatments. It was widely accepted that Al13 played important roles in coagulation mainly by charge neutralization and electrostatic patch. However, the discovery of Al13 aggregates (Al13agg) in flocs indicated that the real coagulation process should be different from the previous understanding, including when Al13agg were generated and how it interacted with negative particles. The aggregation process of Al13 during coagulation and its micro-interfacial effect on particle coagulation remains to be explored. In this study, to investigate the aggregation of Al13 and its effect on coagulation performance, two parallel coagulation jar tests were conducted on silica suspensions by preformed Al13agg and Al13, respectively. The results showed that optimized coagulation for particle removal by Al13 occurred from pH 7 to pH 9, which was dominated by the in-situ aggregation of Al13. The results confirmed that Al13agg were both present in flocs generated in two tests, however, the morphology and distribution of surface Al of flocs were different for two tests. The in-situ formed Al13agg covered all over the silica particles in flocs, resulting in compact structure with rough surfaces, while the preformed Al13agg mainly distributed on joint sites between particles, generating denser flocs with smooth surfaces. This difference verified that the in-situ aggregation of Al13 was the key factor to optimized particle coagulation. The overall optimized particle coagulation by Al13 should undergo the following pathway: charge neutralization - in-situ aggregation of Al13 - inter-particle bridging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruyuan Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Libing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guangyu An
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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22
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Wu M, Yu W, Qu J, Gregory J. The variation of flocs activity during floc breakage and aging, adsorbing phosphate, humic acid and clay particles. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 155:131-141. [PMID: 30844674 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of removal of humic acid, phosphate and kaolin particles by coagulation with alum and PACl or adsorption by their pre-formed precipitates was investigated, and it was found that the coagulation mechanisms for monomeric Al at neutral pH and polymeric Al13 at alkaline pH were very similar. The removal of phosphate and humic acid by coagulation with alum or PACl did not change with stirring time (between 1 min and 15 min), independent of the dose and species of coagulants. However, for adsorption of these impurities by pre-formed precipitates, the results were significantly different. Both Al3+ and nano-sized Al13 could precipitate and form aggregates at pH 7 and pH 9, respectively, and their precipitates became less active (fewer binding sites on the surface of precipitate) with the increase of shear time or shear rates before adsorbing pollutants. Thus, although the total surface area increased (the average size of flocs became smaller) at higher applied shear rates or longer shear time, the removal efficiency of humic acid and phosphate decreased. Also, from the MW distributions, it was confirmed that less humic acid was removed by the adsorption on alum precipitate pre-formed with longer shear time. Chemical groups (OH2and OH) on the surface of precipitate determined the removal efficiency of phosphate and humic acid, and the activity of precipitate become lower as a result of higher applied shear and longer shear time. This is confirmed be due to some crystallization of the amorphous precipitate, forming inactivated hydroxyl. When kaolin was added 10 min after the alum or PACl precipitate formed, the precipitates captured kaolin particles only on their surface, whereas when alum was added to kaolin suspensions particles were trapped within the growing flocs. When alum/kaolin flocs were broken at high shear rate re-growth of flocs decreased with increasing shear time, but after a short breakage period, long aging of broken flocs had little effect on floc regrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100086, China
| | - Wenzheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100086, China; Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100086, China.
| | - John Gregory
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Wang Y, Lin Z, Wang Y, Huang W, Wang J, Zhou J, He Q. Sulfur and iron cycles promoted nitrogen and phosphorus removal in electrochemically assisted vertical flow constructed wetland treating wastewater treatment plant effluent with high S/N ratio. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 151:20-30. [PMID: 30579051 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate (PO43--P) and nitrate (NO3--N) in the effluent of wastewater treatment plants are the predominant sources of eutrophication. In this study, a bench-scale electrochemically assisted vertical flow constructed wetland (E-VFCW) was developed, which exhibited favorable PO43--P (89.7-99.4%), NO3--N (82.7-99.6%), and TN (51.9-93.7%) removal efficiency in tertiary wastewater treatment. In addition, little N2O accumulation (0.32-2.19% of △NO3--N) was observed. The study further elucidated that PO43--P was removed mainly in the anode chamber by co-precipitation (Fe(n+)OH-PO4) and adsorption (FeOOH-PO4) pathways. Multi-pathway of NO3--N reduction was proposed, with 13.9-30.2% of NO3--N predominantly eliminated in the anode chamber by ferrous-dependent NO3--N reduction bacteria. In the cathode chamber, electrons storage and resupply modes during S cycle exerted crucial roles in NO3--N reduction, which enhanced the resilience capabilities of the E-VFCW to shock loadings. Stoichiometric analysis revealed that 3.3-6.6 mmol e-/cycle were stored in the form of S0, FeS, and FeS2 in the E-VFCW under longer HRT or higher current density. However, the deposited S resupplied 19.6% and 28.3% of electrons for NO3--N reduction under shorter HRT (1 h) or lower current density (0.01 mA cm-2). Moreover, ferrous-driven NO3--N-reducing or DNRA bacteria also promoted NO3--N elimination in the cathode chamber. These findings provide new insight into the coupling interactions among S, Fe and H cycles, as well as N and P transformations in electrochemically assisted NO3--N reduction systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmu Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Ziyuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Jiale Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
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24
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Mameda N, Park H, Choo KH. Electrochemical filtration process for simultaneous removal of refractory organic and particulate contaminants from wastewater effluents. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 144:699-708. [PMID: 30096695 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Versatile electrochemical reactions are effective for removing a wide range of water contaminants. This study focuses on the development and testing of bifunctional electrocatalytic filter anodes as reactive and separating media for the simultaneous removal of refractory dissolved organic and particulate contaminants from real wastewater effluents. The results show that the TiO2 particle interlayers formed between the Ti fiber support and the top composite metal oxide catalyst layers assist in reducing filter pores to an effective size range that enables removal of most particulates within the wastewater. The double-sheet design, which is a sandwich-structured module with an internal void space for permeate, prevents filter fouling, and transmembrane pressure can be maintained at a very low level of <5 kPa during batch and continuous flow reactor operations. Substantive and simultaneous removal of dissolved organics (e.g., chromophores, fluorophores, 1,4-dioxane, chemical oxygen demand, and total organic carbon) and particulate matter (i.e., turbidity) are achieved, although removal rates and efficacies differ depending on the electric current density applied. Decolorization and particulate rejection occur swiftly and immediately, but 1,4-dioxane degradation is relatively slow and quite time-dependent. Possible 1,4-dioxane degradation pathways during electrocatalysis are also proposed. Electrochemical filtration technology shows considerable promise for use in the next generation of advanced wastewater treatment solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Mameda
- Advanced Institute of Water Industry, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeona Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Ho Choo
- Advanced Institute of Water Industry, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Engineering, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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