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Wang D, Ma C, Chen Y, Gu L, Yu Y. The influence of hot isostatic pressing on precipitates, mechanical properties of Mg-12Gd-0.8Zn-0.4Zr (wt.%) alloy manufactured by sand casting. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9468. [PMID: 38658698 PMCID: PMC11043387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60309-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-12Gd-0.8Zn-0.4Zr (GZ1208K, wt.%) alloy under different treatments (as-cast: signed as nonHIP-GZ1208K, hot isostatic pressing (HIP): signed as HIP-GZ1208K) were characterized. Based on microstructure characterization, two prismatic precipitates, β' and β1 precipitates, and one basal precipitate, γ' precipitate, formed in both of nonHIP-GZ1208K and HIP-GZ1208K alloy. According to analysis, the area number density and the size of β' precipitate could be adjusted through HIP treatment. The area number density of β' precipitate increased after HIP treatment when aged at 32 h, and the size of β' precipitate refined in both of the HIP-GZ1208K alloy aged at 8 h and 32 h. Except the influence of HIP treatment on microstructures, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation of nonHIP-GZ1208K alloy also improved after HIP treatment. The UTS of the GZ1208K alloy aged at 8 h increased from 348 MPa (nonHIP-) to 371 MPa (HIP-) and the elongation increased from 2.6% to 4.7%. The density of the nonHIP-GZ1208K alloy increased after HIP treatment, that is to say the casting defects could be eliminated and the compactness of microstructures could be increased under the high pressure of HIP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Tianjin Renai College, Tianjin, 0086, CHN, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Tianjin Renai College, Tianjin, 0086, CHN, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Tianjin Renai College, Tianjin, 0086, CHN, China
| | - Li Gu
- Tianjin Renai College, Tianjin, 0086, CHN, China
| | - Yangyang Yu
- Tianjin Renai College, Tianjin, 0086, CHN, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 0086, CHN, China.
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Liu Z, Xiao Y, Muhammad T, Zhou Y, Hou P, Zha Y, Yu R, Qu S, Ma C, Li Y. Combination of magnetic field and ultraviolet for fouling control in saline wastewater distribution systems. Water Res 2024; 251:121118. [PMID: 38219689 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Fouling is a significant challenge for recycling and reusing saline wastewaters for industrial, agricultural or municipal applications. In this study, we propose a novel approach of magnetic field (MaF) and ultraviolet (UV) combined application for fouling mitigation. Results showed, combination of MaF and UV (MaF-UV) significantly decreased the content of biofouling and reduced the complexity of microbial networks, compared to UV and MaF alone treatments. This was due to MaF as pretreatment effectively reduced the water turbidity, improve the influent water quality of UV disinfection and increases UV transmittance, eliminating the adverse impacts of UV scattering and shielding, hence increased the inactivation effectiveness of UV disinfection process. MaF assisted UV also reduced the abundance of UV-resistant bacteria and inhibited the risk of bacterial photoreactivation and dark repair. Meanwhile, MaF-UV drastically reduced the contents of precipitates and particulate fouling by accelerating the transformation rate of CaCO3 crystal from compact calcite to loosen hydrated amorphous CaCO3, and enhancing the flocculation process. These findings demonstrated that MaF-UV is an effective anti-fouling strategy, and provide insights for sustainable application of saline wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Liu
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Water-Saving and Water Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; Key Laboratory of Mongolian Plateau Ecology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Water-Saving and Water Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tahir Muhammad
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhou
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Water-Saving and Water Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Peng Hou
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Water-Saving and Water Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yingdong Zha
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Water-Saving and Water Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruihong Yu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; Key Laboratory of Mongolian Plateau Ecology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Shen Qu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; Key Laboratory of Mongolian Plateau Ecology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Changjian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality (Jinan), Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yunkai Li
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Water-Saving and Water Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China.
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Lahbari A, Bouchaala K, Essoussi H, Faqir M, Ettaqi S, Essadiqi EH. Homogenization heat treatment influence on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of as-cast Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr alloy for lightweight aerospace application. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24426. [PMID: 38293507 PMCID: PMC10826721 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr alloys are widely used in the aerospace industry for different applications and make an excellent concurrent to high-performance composites. This family of alloys has remarkable properties like low density, high elastic modulus, high strength and specific stiffness, fracture toughness, fatigue crack growth resistance, and improved corrosion resistance. The present work aims to investigate a family of Al-Li alloys by employing suitable characterization techniques such as computer-aided cooling curve analysis and thermal dilatometry to characterize the as-cast alloy. The characterization temperatures of the alloy were obtained and the phase transformation temperatures were concluded as thermal expansion inflection points as well. Furthermore, the homogenization heat treatment effect of the alloy is examined through optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Vickers microhardness testing to determine the optimum heat treatment time. The results reveal the formation of δ', δ and β' precipitates in the alloy after different hours of homogenization heat treatment. Notably, our investigation identifies the optimum heat treatment time for the alloy as 26h at 515 °C, resulting in reduced hardness and barely any chemical segregation. These findings contribute to the characterization of as-cast Al-Li alloys and the understanding of microstructure evolution and mechanical properties during homogenization heat treatment that offer a valuable insight for enhancing their performance in aerospace applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellah Lahbari
- International University of Rabat, School of Aerospace & Automotive Engineering, LERMA Lab, Sala El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Kenza Bouchaala
- International University of Rabat, School of Aerospace & Automotive Engineering, LERMA Lab, Sala El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Hamza Essoussi
- Laboratory of Energy, Materials and Sustainable Development, ENSAM, Moulay Ismail University, 15290, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Mustapha Faqir
- International University of Rabat, School of Aerospace & Automotive Engineering, LERMA Lab, Sala El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Said Ettaqi
- Laboratory of Energy, Materials and Sustainable Development, ENSAM, Moulay Ismail University, 15290, Meknes, Morocco
| | - El Hachmi Essadiqi
- International University of Rabat, School of Aerospace & Automotive Engineering, LERMA Lab, Sala El Jadida, Morocco
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Lu J, Zhang P, Li J, Cao Y, Zhang W, Zhang X, Yi X, Wang H. Mo(VI) removal from water by aluminum electrocoagulation: Cost-effectiveness analysis, main influencing factors, and proposed mechanisms. J Hazard Mater 2024; 461:132608. [PMID: 37748311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Mo(VI) (MoO42-) removal by aluminum electrocoagulation (Al EC) with Al as anodes and cathodes was studied for the first time. At the initial Mo concentrations of 0.3 - 150 mg/L, kinetic analysis and effects of main factors (electrode connection modes, current density (CD), initial pH, and electrolytes) were examined, and potential mechanism of Mo(VI) removal were elucidated. Results showed that CD had significant impacts on anode weight loss, cathode weight loss, and total electrode weight loss (p value < 0.05). Cathode weight loss was higher than anode weight loss. XRD analysis results showed lower crystallinity of scums than that of precipitates. Boehmite was the most prevalent oxide in scums. An appropriate amount of NaCl was beneficial for enhancing the Mo(VI) removal efficiency and reducing the energy consumption of the Al EC process. Electrostatic attraction, surface complexation, hydroxyl exchange, flocculation, and coprecipitation were the main mechanisms involved in the Mo(VI) removal process by Al EC. Al EC outperformed conventional chemical coagulation in terms of Mo(VI) removal at the same dosage of Al. The Mo(VI) removal efficiencies in two real water samples (lake water and river water) reached up to 89.2% and 71.2%, respectively. This study provides novel insights into the strategies for the removal of oxoanionic metal pollutants and reduction of operating cost by Al EC technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Lu
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Economics and Management, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Yumin Cao
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Xuesong Yi
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- School of Eco-Environment, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
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Huang L, Li S, Zhou W, Gao J, Yin J, Wang Z, Li J. Cellular transport of uranium and its cytotoxicity effects on CHO-k1 cells. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 246:114166. [PMID: 36228352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Uranium is a radioactive heavy metal and a significant public health concern; however, its associated underlying toxicological mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this work, the uptake and efflux processes of uranium in CHO-k1 cells were studied and the cytotoxicity effects were explored. It was found that both the uptake and efflux processes took place rapidly and half of the internalized uranium was expelled within 8 h. The uranium exposure caused a decrease of cell viability and adhesion ability in a dose-dependent manner and blocked the cell cycle at the G1 stage. In addition, gene expression analysis revealed relative changes in the transcription of metabolism related genes. Further studies revealed that the cytotoxicity of uranium could be alleviated by exposing cells to a lower temperature or by the addition of amantadine-HCl, an endocytosis inhibitor. Interestingly, after uranium exposure, needle-like precipitates were observed in both intracellular and extracellular regions. These findings collectively suggest that the cellular transport of uranium is a rapid process that disturbs cell metabolism and induces cytotoxicity, and this impact could be reduced by slowing down endocytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Huang
- China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China; Department of Radiation Safety, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - Shufang Li
- China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Wenhua Zhou
- China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jie Gao
- China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jingjing Yin
- China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhongwen Wang
- Department of Radiation Safety, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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Razzak MA, Jeong MS, Kim MJ, Cho SJ. Unraveling the phase behavior of cricket protein isolate and alginate in aqueous solution. Food Chem 2022; 394:133527. [PMID: 35749882 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The associative phase behavior of cricket protein isolate (CPI) and sodium alginate (AL) in aqueous solutions was explored using turbidimetry, methylene blue spectroscopy, zeta potentiometry, dynamic light scattering, and confocal microscopy as a function of pH, biopolymer ratio, total biopolymer concentration (CT), and ionic strength. When both biopolymers had net-negative charges, soluble complexes formed between pH 6.0 and 8.0, however when both biopolymers had opposing net charges, insoluble complexes formed as complex coacervates below pH 5.5, defined as pHφ1, followed by precipitates below another critical pH 3.0 (pHp). Increasing the CPI:AL weight ratio or CT facilitated complex formation, and the addition of salts (NaCl/KCl) had a salt-enhancement and salt-reduction impact at low and high salt concentrations, respectively. Ionic interactions between oppositely charged CPI and AL were mainly responsible for the formation of their insoluble complexes, while hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions also played significant roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdur Razzak
- Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology (KIIT), 1 Gangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jun Cho
- Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology (KIIT), 1 Gangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
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Chatziralli I, Theodossiadis G, Brouzas D, Theodossiadis P. Incidence and Evolution of Subretinal Precipitates in Optic Disc Pit Maculopathy. Eur J Ophthalmol 2017; 27:769-73. [PMID: 28665476 DOI: 10.5301/ejo.5000999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the evolution of subretinal precipitates coexistent with optic disc pit (ODP) maculopathy from their appearance at baseline examination until their absorption after successful treatment. METHODS Participants in this retrospective, multicenter study were 42 patients with ODP maculopathy, in whom complete ocular examination was performed, including visual acuity (VA) measurement, slit-lamp examination, color or red-free fundus photography, and optical coherence tomography at baseline after surgical treatment. RESULTS Out of 42 cases, 17 (40.5%) cases of ODP maculopathy, which were examined between 2002 and 2015, were found to have subretinal precipitates associated with multilayer fluid accumulation at baseline. Precipitates were located at the outer part of the photoreceptor layer and remained for 3-6 months after successful treatment and absorption of subretinal fluid. The mean VA was 0.99 ± 0.21 logMAR at baseline and improved to 0.54 ± 0.25 logMAR at the final examination. CONCLUSIONS Macular precipitates in association with signs of disease chronicity, such as multilayer fluid accumulation, became evident at baseline examination. Precipitates' disappearance in 15 out of 17 cases coincided with the absorption of subretinal fluid. The relative low VA at baseline probably could be attributed to the chronicity of the disease.
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Ming WQ, Chen JH, He YT, Shen RH, Chen ZK. An improved iterative wave function reconstruction algorithm in high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2018; 195:111-120. [PMID: 30227297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Exit wavefunction reconstruction is a powerful image processing technique to enhance the resolution and the signal-to-noise ratio for atomic-resolution imaging in both aberration uncorrected and corrected transmission electron microscopes. The present study aims to improve the performance of the iterative wavefunction reconstruction algorithm in comparison not only with its conventional form but also with the popular commercial Trueimage software for exit wavefunction reconstruction. It is shown that by implementing a wave propagation procedure for refining its image alignment, the iterative wavefunction reconstruction algorithm can be greatly improved in accurately retrieving the wavefunctions while keeping its original advantages, which allow the reconstruction be performed with less images and a larger defocus step in the data set of through-focus image series. In addition, calculations of this algorithm can be accelerated drastically by the graphic processing unit (GPU) hardware programming using the popular computer unified device architecture language, whose computing speed can be 25-38 times as fast as a central processing unit (CPU) program.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Q Ming
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Centre for High Resolution Electron Microscopy, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - J H Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Centre for High Resolution Electron Microscopy, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Y T He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Centre for High Resolution Electron Microscopy, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - R H Shen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Centre for High Resolution Electron Microscopy, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Z K Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Centre for High Resolution Electron Microscopy, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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Thurein SM, Lertsuphotvanit N, Phaechamud T. Physicochemical properties of β-cyclodextrin solutions and precipitates prepared from injectable vehicles. Asian J Pharm Sci 2018; 13:438-449. [PMID: 32104418 PMCID: PMC7032148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Cyclodextrin (β-CyD) is cyclic oligosaccharide of a glucopyranose, containing a relatively hydrophobic central cavity and hydrophilic outer surface. However, the usefulness of β-CyD is limited owing to its low aqueous solubility whereas we found that its apparent high solubility was evident in some injectable solvents including 2-pyrrolidone (PYR), N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Therefore, in the present study, the physicochemical properties of the 30–60% w/w β-CyD in PYR, NMP and DMSO were investigated such as viscosity, water resistant, matrix formation rate and syringeability. The higher the concentration of β-CyD resulted in the increased viscosity and the higher force and energy of syringeability. β-CyD in PYR gave the highest viscosity which contributed to the lowest syringeability while β-CyD in DMSO exhibited the highest syringeability. The β-CyD in DMSO and NMP exhibited the higher rate of matrix formation. β-CyD in PYR showed the highest water resistant for phase separation while β-CyD in NMP gave the faster de-mixing rate compared to that from PYR. The difference in physicochemical properties of β-CyD dried ppts studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that there was partial complexation of β-CyD with respective solvents. Both solution and precipitate characteristic properties will be useful for using β-CyD in further investigation as matrix material dissolved in the injectable vehicles as the in situ forming gel for periodontitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Myo Thurein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand.,Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Pharmacy, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Nutdanai Lertsuphotvanit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Thawatchai Phaechamud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
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Wang M, Huang L, Chen K, Liu W. Influence of minor combined addition of Cr and Pr on microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behaviors of an ultrahigh strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy. Micron 2017; 104:80-88. [PMID: 29112917 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This work focuses on controlling grain boundary structure in an ultra-high strength Al-8.6Zn-2.5Mg-2.2Cu-0.16Zr (wt.%) alloy by the combined addition of trace Cr (0.1wt.%) and Pr (0.14wt.%), and evaluating mechanical properties and localized corrosion behaviors of the alloy in the peak aged condition. The introduction of trace Cr and Pr leads to the formation of nanoscale Cr, Pr-containing Al3Zr and Zr-containing PrCr2Al20 dispersoids which can obviously inhibit the recrystallization and sub-grain growth of the super-high strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys, and retain the deformation-recovery microstructure dominated by low-angle grain boundaries. The nearly ellipsoidal dispersoids with a size of 10-35nm are discretely distributed and precipitate free zones are hardly formed in low-angle grain boundaries. This new alloy composition exhibits better combined properties, higher resistance to stress corrosion, exfoliation corrosion and inter-granular corrosion with the undamaged strength, ductility and fracture toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Lanping Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Science and Technology on High Strength Structural Materials Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Kanghua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Science and Technology on High Strength Structural Materials Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Wensheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Science and Technology on High Strength Structural Materials Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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11
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Stanič TF, Miler M, Brenčič M, Gosar M. Calcite precipitates in Slovenian bottled waters. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:14176-14189. [PMID: 28421519 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9015-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Storage of bottled waters in varying ambient conditions affects its characteristics. Different storage conditions cause changes in the initial chemical composition of bottled water which lead to the occurrence of precipitates with various morphologies. In order to assess the relationship between water composition, storage conditions and precipitate morphology, a study of four brands of Slovenian bottled water stored in PET bottles was carried out. Chemical analyses of the main ions and measurements of the physical properties of water samples were performed before and after storage of water samples at different ambient conditions. SEM/EDS analysis of precipitates was performed after elapsed storage time. The results show that the presence of Mg2+, SO42-, SiO2, Al, Mn and other impurities such as K+, Na+, Ba and Sr in the water controlled precipitate morphology by inhibiting crystal growth and leading to elongated rhombohedral calcite crystal forms which exhibit furrowed surfaces and calcite rosettes. Different storage conditions, however, affected the number of crystallization nuclei and size of calcite crystals. Hollow calcite spheres composed of cleavage rhombohedrons formed in the water with variable storage conditions by a combination of evaporation and precipitation of water droplets during high temperatures or by the bubble templating method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miloš Miler
- Geological Survey of Slovenia, Dimičeva ulica 14, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mihael Brenčič
- Geological Survey of Slovenia, Dimičeva ulica 14, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 12, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Gosar
- Geological Survey of Slovenia, Dimičeva ulica 14, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Ying XR, Du YX, Song M, Lu N, Ye HQ. Direct measurement of precipitate induced strain in an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy with aberration corrected transmission electron microscopy. Micron 2016; 90:18-22. [PMID: 27565693 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Precipitates and their associated strain fields significantly influence mechanical properties and, consequently, the industrial performance of aluminum alloys. In this work, we present a direct measurement of strains induced by η' and η precipitates in an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy using aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and quantitative strain analysis. The results demonstrate that the strain induced by precipitates in the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy shows significant tensile strains perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the precipitate discs on the side of the discs and along the longitudinal direction at both ends of the η' and η precipitates. This strain field can be described by an equivalent dislocation model, in which the lattice mismatch between the precipitate and the matrix is equivalent to a series of dislocation pairs along the precipitate/matrix interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- X R Ying
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Y X Du
- Senior High Section, Northeast Yucai School, 41 Century Road, Hunnan New District, Shenyang, 110179, China
| | - M Song
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - N Lu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - H Q Ye
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
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Zhang F, Levine LE, Allen AJ, Campbell CE, Creuziger AA, Kazantseva N, Ilavsky J. In Situ Structural Characterization of Ageing Kinetics in Aluminum Alloy 2024 across Angstrom-to-Micrometer Length Scales. Acta Mater 2016; 111:385-398. [PMID: 29606898 PMCID: PMC5876935 DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2016.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The precipitate structure and precipitation kinetics in an Al-Cu-Mg alloy (AA2024) aged at 190 °C, 208 °C, and 226 °C have been studied using ex situ Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and in situ synchrotron-based, combined ultra-small angle X-ray scattering, small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) across a length scale from sub-Angstrom to several micrometers. TEM brings information concerning the nature, morphology, and size of the precipitates while SAXS and WAXS provide qualitative and quantitative information concerning the time-dependent size and volume fraction evolution of the precipitates at different stages of the precipitation sequence. Within the experimental time resolution, precipitation at these ageing temperatures involves dissolution of nanometer-sized small clusters and formation of the planar S phase precipitates. Using a three-parameter scattering model constructed on the basis of TEM results, we established the temperature-dependent kinetics for the cluster-dissolution and S-phase formation processes simultaneously. These two processes are shown to have different kinetic rates, with the cluster-dissolution rate approximately double the S-phase formation rate. We identified a dissolution activation energy at (149.5 ± 14.6) kJ mol-1, which translates to (1.55 ± 0.15) eV/atom, as well as an activation energy for the formation of S precipitates at (129.2 ± 5.4) kJ mol-1, i.e. (1.33 ± 0.06) eV/atom. Importantly, the SAXS/WAXS results show the absence of an intermediate Guinier-Preston Bagaryatsky 2 (GPB2)/S″ phase in the samples under the experimental ageing conditions. These results are further validated by precipitation simulations that are based on Langer-Schwartz theory and a Kampmann-Wagner numerical method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Lyle E. Levine
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Andrew J. Allen
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Carelyn E. Campbell
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Adam A. Creuziger
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Nataliya Kazantseva
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Institute of Metal Physics, Urals Branch of the Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
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Civeira M, Oliveira MLS, Hower JC, Agudelo-Castañeda DM, Taffarel SR, Ramos CG, Kautzmann RM, Silva LFO. Modification, adsorption, and geochemistry processes on altered minerals and amorphous phases on the nanometer scale: examples from copper mining refuse, Touro, Spain. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:6535-6545. [PMID: 26635221 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5885-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The sulfide oxidation and precipitation of Al-Fe-secondary minerals associated with abandoned acid mine drainage (AMD) from the abandoned copper mine waste pile at Touro, Spain, has been studied by sequential extraction (SE) combined with several techniques with the intent of understanding the role of these processes play in the natural attenuation of hazardous element contaminants in the AMD. In addition, the fragile nature of nanominerals and ultrafine particle (UFP) assemblages from contaminated sediment systems from the abandoned copper mine required novel techniques and experimental approaches. The investigation of the geochemistry of complex nanominerals and UFP assemblages was a prerequisite to accurately assess the environmental and human health risks of contaminants and cost-effective chemical and biogeological remediation strategies. Particular emphasis was placed on the study and characterization of the complex mixed nanominerals and UFP containing potentially toxic elements. Nanometer-sized phases in sediments were characterized using energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) images. The identification of the geochemical and mineralogical composition of AMD in Touro, as well as the different formation mechanisms proposed, complement the existing literature on secondary mineral assemblages and provide new emphasis to increase the understanding of extreme environments. The results also demonstrated that variations in the geochemical fractionation of hazardous elements in AMD were more influenced by the secondary mineral proportion and by AMD pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Civeira
- Laboratory of Environmental Researches and Nanotechnology Development, Centro Universitário La Salle, Mestrado em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais em Mineração, Victor Barreto, 2288 Centro 92010-000, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcos L S Oliveira
- Laboratory of Environmental Researches and Nanotechnology Development, Centro Universitário La Salle, Mestrado em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais em Mineração, Victor Barreto, 2288 Centro 92010-000, Canoas, RS, Brazil
- Department of Soil Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - James C Hower
- University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy Research, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, KY, 40511, USA
| | - Dayana M Agudelo-Castañeda
- Laboratory of Environmental Researches and Nanotechnology Development, Centro Universitário La Salle, Mestrado em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais em Mineração, Victor Barreto, 2288 Centro 92010-000, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvio R Taffarel
- Laboratory of Environmental Researches and Nanotechnology Development, Centro Universitário La Salle, Mestrado em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais em Mineração, Victor Barreto, 2288 Centro 92010-000, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Claudete G Ramos
- Laboratory of Environmental Researches and Nanotechnology Development, Centro Universitário La Salle, Mestrado em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais em Mineração, Victor Barreto, 2288 Centro 92010-000, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rubens M Kautzmann
- Laboratory of Environmental Researches and Nanotechnology Development, Centro Universitário La Salle, Mestrado em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais em Mineração, Victor Barreto, 2288 Centro 92010-000, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis F O Silva
- Laboratory of Environmental Researches and Nanotechnology Development, Centro Universitário La Salle, Mestrado em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais em Mineração, Victor Barreto, 2288 Centro 92010-000, Canoas, RS, Brazil.
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Dorin T, Donnadieu P, Chaix JM, Lefebvre W, Geuser FD, Deschamps A. Size distribution and volume fraction of T(1) phase precipitates from TEM images: Direct measurements and related correction. Micron 2015. [PMID: 26203532 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) can be used to measure the size distribution and volume fraction of fine scale precipitates in metallic systems. However, such measurements suffer from a number of artefacts that need to be accounted for, related to the finite thickness of the TEM foil and to the projected observation in two dimensions of the microstructure. We present a correction procedure to describe the 3D distribution of disc-like particles and apply this method to the plate-like T1 precipitates in an Al-Li-Cu alloy in two ageing conditions showing different particle morphologies. The precipitates were imaged in a High-Angular Annular Dark Field Microscope (HAADF-STEM). The corrected size distribution is further used to determine the precipitate volume fraction. Atom probe tomography (APT) is finally utilised as an alternative way to measure the precipitate volume fraction and test the validity of the electron microscopy results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dorin
- Univ Grenoble Alpes, SIMAP, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, SIMAP, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia; Constellium C-Tec, Voreppe, BP 27, 38341 Voreppe, Cedex, France.
| | - Patricia Donnadieu
- Univ Grenoble Alpes, SIMAP, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, SIMAP, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Marc Chaix
- Univ Grenoble Alpes, SIMAP, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, SIMAP, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Williams Lefebvre
- Groupe de Physique des Materiaux - CNRS - University of Rouen, 76 801 St Etienne du Rouvray Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric De Geuser
- Univ Grenoble Alpes, SIMAP, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, SIMAP, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Alexis Deschamps
- Univ Grenoble Alpes, SIMAP, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, SIMAP, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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16
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Srinivasan S, Kaluskar K, Broderick S, Rajan K. Extracting features buried within high density atom probe point cloud data through simplicial homology. Ultramicroscopy 2015; 159 Pt 2:374-80. [PMID: 25959554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Feature extraction from Atom Probe Tomography (APT) data is usually performed by repeatedly delineating iso-concentration surfaces of a chemical component of the sample material at different values of concentration threshold, until the user visually determines a satisfactory result in line with prior knowledge. However, this approach allows for important features, buried within the sample, to be visually obscured by the high density and volume (~10(7) atoms) of APT data. This work provides a data driven methodology to objectively determine the appropriate concentration threshold for classifying different phases, such as precipitates, by mapping the topology of the APT data set using a concept from algebraic topology termed persistent simplicial homology. A case study of Sc precipitates in an Al-Mg-Sc alloy is presented demonstrating the power of this technique to capture features, such as precise demarcation of Sc clusters and Al segregation at the cluster boundaries, not easily available by routine visual adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikant Srinivasan
- Institute of Combinatorial Discovery, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-2300, USA
| | - Kaustubh Kaluskar
- Institute of Combinatorial Discovery, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-2300, USA
| | - Scott Broderick
- Institute of Combinatorial Discovery, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-2300, USA
| | - Krishna Rajan
- Institute of Combinatorial Discovery, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-2300, USA.
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17
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Bernardes FR, Rodrigues SF, Silva ES, Reis GS, Silva MBR, Junior AMJ, Balancin O. Analytical modeling of the thermomechanical behavior of ASTM F-1586 high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel used as a biomaterial under multipass deformation. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2015; 51:87-98. [PMID: 25842112 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Precipitation-recrystallization interactions in ASTM F-1586 austenitic stainless steel were studied by means of hot torsion tests with multipass deformation under continuous cooling, simulating an industrial laminating process. Samples were deformed at 0.2 and 0.3 at a strain rate of 1.0s(-1), in a temperature range of 900 to 1200°C and interpass times varying from 5 to 80s. The tests indicate that the stress level depends on deformation temperature and the slope of the equivalent mean stress (EMS) vs. 1/T presents two distinct behaviors, with a transition at around 1100°C, the non-recrystallization temperature (Tnr). Below the Tnr, strain-induced precipitation of Z-phase (NbCrN) occurs in short interpass times (tpass<30s), inhibiting recrystallization and promoting stepwise stress build-up with strong recovery, which is responsible for increasing the Tnr. At interpass times longer than 30s, the coalescence and dissolution of precipitates promote a decrease in the Tnr and favor the formation of recrystallized grains. Based on this evidence, the physical simulation of controlled processing allows for a domain refined grain with better mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano R Bernardes
- Department of Mechanic and Materials, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão - IFMA, Av. Getúlio Vargas, 4, Monte Castelo, CEP 65030-005 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Samuel F Rodrigues
- Department of Mechanic and Materials, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão - IFMA, Av. Getúlio Vargas, 4, Monte Castelo, CEP 65030-005 São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Eden S Silva
- Department of Mechanic and Materials, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão - IFMA, Av. Getúlio Vargas, 4, Monte Castelo, CEP 65030-005 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Gedeon S Reis
- Department of Mechanic and Materials, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão - IFMA, Av. Getúlio Vargas, 4, Monte Castelo, CEP 65030-005 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Mariana B R Silva
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 235, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alberto M J Junior
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 235, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Oscar Balancin
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 235, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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18
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Cong D, Saha G, Barnett M. Thermomechanical properties of Ni-Ti shape memory wires containing nanoscale precipitates induced by stress-assisted ageing. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:5178-5192. [PMID: 25159371 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper systematically examines the thermomechanical properties and phase transformation behaviour of slightly Ni-rich Ni-Ti biomedical shape memory wires containing homogeneously distributed nanoscale precipitates induced by stress-assisted ageing. In contrast to previous studies, particular attention is paid to the role of precipitates in impeding twin boundary movement (TBM) and its underlying mechanisms. The size and volume fraction of precipitates are altered by changing the ageing time. The martensitic transformation temperatures increase with prolonged ageing time, whereas the R-phase transformation temperature remains relatively unchanged. The stress-strain behaviour in different phase regions during both cooling and heating is comprehensively examined, and the underlying mechanisms for the temperature- and thermal-history-dependent behaviour are elucidated with the help of the established stress-temperature phase diagram. The effect of precipitates on TBM is explored by mechanical testing at 133K. It is revealed that the critical stress for TBM (σcr) increases with increasing ageing time. There is a considerable increase of 104MPa in σcr in the sample aged at 773K for 120min under 70MPa compared with the solution-treated sample, owing to the presence of precipitates. The Orowan strengthening model of twinning dislocations is insufficient to account for this increase in σcr. The back stress generation is the predominant mechanism for the interactions between precipitates and twin boundaries during TBM that give rise to the increase in σcr. Such results provide new insights into the thermomechanical properties of precipitate containing Ni-Ti biomedical shape memory wires, which are instructive for developing high-performance biomedical shape memory alloys.
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