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Wang L, Al-Dhabi NA, Huang X, Luan Z, Tang W, Xu Z, Xu W. Suitability of inorganic coagulants for algae-laden water treatment: Trade-off between algae removal and cell viability, aggregate properties and coagulant residue. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134314. [PMID: 38640668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Inorganic coagulants could effectively precipitate algae cells but might increase the potential risks of cell damage and coagulant residue. This study was conducted to critically investigate the suitability of polyaluminum (PAC), FeCl3 and TiCl4 for algae-laden water treatment in terms of the trade-off between algal substance removal, cell viability, and coagulant residue. The results showed that an appropriate increase in coagulant dosage contributed to better coagulation performance but severe cell damage and a higher risk of intracellular organic matter (IOM) release. TiCl4 was the most destructive, resulting in 60.85% of the algal cells presenting membrane damage after coagulation. Intense hydrolysis reaction of Ti salts was favorable for the formation of larger and more elongated, dendritic structured flocs than Al and Fe coagulants. TiCl4 exhibited the lowest residue level and remained in the effluents mainly in colloidal form. The study also identified charge neutralization, chemisorption, enmeshment, and complexation as the dominant mechanisms for algae water coagulation by metal coagulants. Overall, this study provides the trade-off analyses between maximizing algae substance removal and minimizing potential damage to cell integrity and is practically valuable to develop the most suitable and feasible technique for algae-laden water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, No. 336 Nanxinzhuang Western Road, Jinan 250022, Shandong, PR China
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Luan
- Jinan Environmental Research Institute, 25th Floor, Xinsheng Building, No. 1299 Xinluo Street, Jinan 250000, Shandong, PR China
| | - Wangwang Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, No. 8 Lushan South Road, Changsha 410082, Hunan, PR China
| | - Zhenghe Xu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, No. 336 Nanxinzhuang Western Road, Jinan 250022, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Weiying Xu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, No. 336 Nanxinzhuang Western Road, Jinan 250022, Shandong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, PR China.
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2
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Yang Y, Liu J, Ma T, Song T, Feng X, Su M, Li L, Tu W, Liu Z, Chen S. Simultaneous removing algal and its extracellular organic matters by Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide /La-montmorillonite. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37970843 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2283805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and effective simultaneous removal of algal and extracellular organic matter (EOM) is essential for algal blooms water emergency treatment. In this study, a composite material was prepared by physical and chemical interaction between La-montmorillonite (La-MMT) and Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide (LDHs), and its removal effect of algal and extracellular organic matters (EOM) was investigated. The results showed that the removal rate of chlorophyll a (chl-a) was 96.8% within 2 h when the LDHs/La-MMT2:1 dosage was 1.0 g/L. Three-dimensional fluorescence characteristic spectra and parallel factor analysis showed that the removal of EOM by composite material mainly reflected in the removal of humus-like substances. The reaction heat of composite material for the algal solution was -32.7 J/g. Zeta potential changed from -25.7 mV to -16.9 mV, the main treatment mechanisms of composite material were surface adsorption, complexation precipitation, charge neutralisation, and ion exchange. These findings herein proposed that composite material was a potential and proper treating agent for removing algal cells and EOM from algal blooms water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankun Yang
- Sichuan Provincial Sci-Tech Cooperation Base of Low-cost Wastewater Treatment Technology, School of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
- Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute, Tsinghua University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Sci-Tech Cooperation Base of Low-cost Wastewater Treatment Technology, School of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Ma
- Sichuan Provincial Sci-Tech Cooperation Base of Low-cost Wastewater Treatment Technology, School of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Song
- Sichuan Provincial Sci-Tech Cooperation Base of Low-cost Wastewater Treatment Technology, School of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqian Feng
- Sichuan Provincial Sci-Tech Cooperation Base of Low-cost Wastewater Treatment Technology, School of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Su
- Sichuan Provincial Sci-Tech Cooperation Base of Low-cost Wastewater Treatment Technology, School of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lunzhen Li
- Sichuan Provincial Sci-Tech Cooperation Base of Low-cost Wastewater Treatment Technology, School of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Tu
- Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoqiang Liu
- Science and Technology Bureau of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Ganzi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Chen
- Sichuan Provincial Sci-Tech Cooperation Base of Low-cost Wastewater Treatment Technology, School of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
- Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute, Tsinghua University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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3
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Rao N, Gonzalez-Torres A, Tamburic B, Wong Y, Foubert I, Muylaert K, Henderson R, Vandamme D. The influence of physical floc properties on the separation of marine microalgae via alkaline flocculation followed by dissolved air flotation. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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4
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Zhang X, Xu W, Ren P, Li W, Yang X, Zhou J, Li J, Li Z, Wang D. Effective removal of diatoms (Synedra sp.) by pilot-scale UV/chlorine-flocculation process. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Zhang M, Liu J, Wang Y, Yu B, Wu X, Qiang Z, Zhang D, Pan X. Morphologically-different cells and colonies cause distinctive performance of coagulative colloidal ozone microbubbles in simultaneously removing bloom-forming cyanobacteria and microcystin-LR. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:128986. [PMID: 35487002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Morphology, the important feature of bloom-forming cyanobacteria, was studied for its impacts on the harmful cyanobacterial bloom (HCB) treatment by coagulative colloidal ozone microbubbles (CCOMBs). The globally-appeared HCB species - Microcystis aeruginosa (spherical cells, block mass colonies), Microcystis panniformis (spherical cells, flat penniform-like colonies) and Anabaena flos-aquae (filamentous morphology) were chosen as representative species. CCOMBs were generated by modifying the bubble surface and the gas core with coagulant and ozone, respectively. The removal of spherical cells and filaments was > 99.5% and ≤ 34.6%, individually, and the latter was ascribed to chain breakage. CCOMBs collected Microcystis panniformis via complexing with the fluorescent and non-fluorescent functional groups of cell colonies but captured Anabaena flos-aquae through the fluorescent ones. More Microcystis aeruginosa got membrane-damaged than Microcystis panniformis; nevertheless, the microcystin-LR (MC-LR) removal was guaranteed through efficiently oxidizing the released MC-LR. Although the outer peptidoglycan sheet of Anabaena flos-aquae was destroyed, the inner cyte membrane remained intact, preventing intracellular MC-LR from releasing. The HCBs dominated by single species with spherical cells were more readily treated than those with co-occurred species. The toxicological tests imply that, as a robust tool for HCB treatment, the CCOMB technology could be eco-environmentally friendly to the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jiayuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yafeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Beilei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xinyou Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Daoyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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6
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Drummond E, Leite VBG, Noyma NP, de Magalhães L, Graco-Roza C, Huszar VL, Lürling M, Marinho MM. Temporal and spatial variation in the efficiency of a Floc & Sink technique for controlling cyanobacterial blooms in a tropical reservoir. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 117:102262. [PMID: 35944948 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
One of the main symptoms of eutrophication is the proliferation of phytoplankton biomass, including nuisance cyanobacteria. Reduction of the external nutrient load is essential to control eutrophication, and in-lake interventions are suggested for mitigating cyanobacterial blooms to accelerate ecosystem recovery. Floc & Sink (F&S) is one such intervention technique that consists of applying a low dose of coagulants in combination with ballasts for removing cyanobacteria biomass. It is especially suitable for deep lakes with an external nutrient load that is higher than the internal load and suffers from perennial cyanobacterial bloom events. Studies showing the efficacy of the F&S technique have been published, but those testing its variation in efficacy with changes in the environmental conditions are still scarce. Therefore, we evaluated the efficiency of the F&S technique to remove cyanobacteria from water samples collected monthly from two different sites in a deep tropical reservoir (Funil Reservoir, Brazil) in the laboratory. We tested the efficacy of two coagulants, chitosan (CHI) and poly-aluminum chloride (PAC), alone and in combination with lanthanum-modified bentonite (LMB) in settling phytoplankton biomass. We hypothesized that: ⅰ) the combined treatments are more effective in removing the algal biomass and ⅱ) the efficiency of F&S treatments varies spatially and monthly due to changes in environmental conditions. The combined treatments (PAC + LMB or CHI + LMB) removed up to seven times more biomass than single treatments (PAC, CHI, or LMB). Only the treatments CHI and LMB + CHI differed in efficiency between the sites, although all treatments showed significant variation in efficiency over the months at both the sampling sites. The combined treatments exhibited lower removal efficacy during the warm-rainy months (October-March) than during the mild-cold dry months (April-September). At high pH (pH > 10), the efficiency of the CHI and LMB + CHI treatments decreased. CHI had lower removal efficiency when single-cell cyanobacteria were abundant, while the combined treatments were equally efficient regardless of the morphology of the cyanobacteria. Hence, the combination of PAC as a coagulant with a ballast LMB is the most effective technique to precipitate cyanobacteria under the conditions that are encountered around the year in this tropical reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Drummond
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Vivian Balthazar Gonçalves Leite
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Natália Pessoa Noyma
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leonardo de Magalhães
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Caio Graco-Roza
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Department of Geosciences and Geography, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vera Lúcia Huszar
- Museu Nacional, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Miquel Lürling
- Aquatic Ecology & Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcelo Manzi Marinho
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Ren B, Weitzel KA, Duan X, Nadagouda MN, Dionysiou DD. A comprehensive review on algae removal and control by coagulation-based processes: mechanism, material, and application. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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8
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Wang R, Zhou J, Qu G, Wang T, Jia H, Zhu L. FT-ICR/MS deciphers formation of unknown macromolecular disinfection byproducts from algal organic matters after plasma oxidation. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 218:118492. [PMID: 35489152 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Algal organic matter (AOM) is a potential precursor of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in water treatment. It is a major challenge to identify macromolecular DBPs due to the diversity of AOM. In this study, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR/MS) was applied to diagnose the AOM diversity after algae removal by plasma oxidation and to recognize the macromolecular DBPs in subsequent chlorination. Significant removal of AOM released by M. aeruginosa, C. raciborskii, and A. spiroies was achieved by plasma oxidation, accompanied by decrease in the proportion of CHNO formulas and increase in CHO formulas. Without plasma treatment, chlorination generated approximately 2486 macromolecular carbonaceous DBPs (C-DBPs) and 1984 nitrogenous DBPs (N-DBPs), with C11HnOmClx and C18HnNmOzClx as the most abundant DBPs. The numbers of C-DBPs and N-DBPs decreased by 63.3% and 62.9%, respectively, if plasma treatment was applied prior to chlorination. Network computational analysis revealed that Cl substitution was the main formation pathway of AOM-derived DBP formation rather than HOCl addition. The precursors of macromolecular DBPs contained a characteristic atomic number of C and O (7 ≤ C ≤ 18; 3 ≤ O ≤ 11). This study firstly disclosed the relationship between AOM diversity and novel macromolecular DBPs during algae-laden water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruigang Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Jian Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Guangzhou Qu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Hanzhong Jia
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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9
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Zuo YT, Cheng S, Jiang HH, Han YZ, Ji WX, Wang Z, Zhou Q, Li AM, Li WT. Release and removal of algal organic matter during prechlorination and coagulation treatment of cyanobacteria-laden water: Are we on track? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153793. [PMID: 35150674 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the physicochemical properties and fate of algae-derived organic matter (AOM) in water treatments significantly benefits the control of algae-derived disinfection byprodcuts and process parameter optimization. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation of the release and treatability of dissolved organic matter during prechlorination and postcoagulation treatments of cyanobacteria-laden source water via size-exclusion chromatography-tandem diode array detector, fluorescence detector and organic carbon detector. The results revealed that the allochthonous humic substances could protect algal cell membrane from damage during prechlorination at a low level of chlorine dose. Due to the release and oxidation of biopterins during prechlorination of M. aeruginosa cells, the variation of the humic-like fluorescence can be used to indicate the chlorine dose for a sufficient membrane damage of algae cells. The prechlorination of M. aeruginosa cells induced minimal release of large MW biopolymer fractions but much more release of low MW fractions E1 and E2 (i.e., unknown carbonaceous substances and fluorescent nitrogenous biopterins). The physically extracted AOM contained a large proportion of biopolymers and could not well represent those released during prechlorination treatment. During coagulation, the negative effect of humic substances on the coagulant demand to achieve algae removal was more remarkable than AOM released by prechlorination. The high-MW biopolymers and humic substances can be removed over 50% by coagulation. Among the low-MW carbonaceous fractions, E1 released by prechlorination can also be effectively removed via coagulation while fractions C, D (possibly oligopeptides or secondary aromatic metabolites & low MW acids) and nitrogenous biopterins were recalcitrant to coagulation. This study highlights the differences of AOM properties between physical extraction and prechlorination and provides a basis for drinking water treatment plants to give more attention to the recalcitrant low MW fractions in coagulation when treating algae-laden source water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ting Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hao-Han Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu-Ze Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wen-Xiang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ai-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Quanzhou Institute for Environmental Protection Industry, Nanjing University, Quanzhou 362008, China
| | - Wen-Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Wang Z, Li Y, Hu M, Lei T, Tian Z, Yang W, Yang Z, Graham NJD. Influence of DOM characteristics on the flocculation removal of trace pharmaceuticals in surface water by the successive dosing of alum and moderately hydrophobic chitosan. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 213:118163. [PMID: 35151090 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobically-modified chitosan (HC) has emerged as a promising flocculant for trace pharmaceutical removal from surface water. However, the variation in the characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in different water sources influences the efficacy of HC in removing pharmaceutical compounds. In this work, the flocculation performance of sequentially dosing alum and HC (alum+HC) for the treatment of five water types (three synthetic waters, and samples of two real waters collected from the Yangtze River and the Thames River), having different DOM and five representative pharmaceuticals (initial concentration: 100 ng/L), was assessed by bench-scale jar tests. The DOM characteristics were correlated quantitatively with the removal efficiencies (REs) of the pharmaceuticals. Density functional theory computations were performed to illuminate the interfacial interactions in the flocculation. Alum+HC exhibited a remarkably higher RE of all five pharmaceuticals (maximum RE: 73%-95%) from all waters compared to a conventional coagulant or flocculant (alum or polyacrylamide, respectively). In contrast to using HC alone, alum+HC also achieved a higher RE of pharmaceuticals with nearly half the HC dosage, thereby enhancing the cost-effectiveness of the alum+HC dosing system. Among the different key DOM characteristics, the surface charge and molecular weight of DOM had no evident correlation with RE(pharmaceutical), but the hydrophobic/hydrophilic nature and functional group composition of organic carbon of DOM were strongly correlated: Strongly hydrophobic fractions, with C-C & C=C functional groups (binding pharmaceuticals via hydrophobic association), were beneficial, while hydrophilic fractions with C-OH groups were less effective, for pharmaceutical removal. This work showed the enhanced performance of the alum+HC dosing combination in the removal of different pharmaceutical compounds from different waters, and filled the knowledge gap regarding the performance of hydrophobically-modified flocculants in the treatment of different surface water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangzheng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yunyun Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Min Hu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Tao Lei
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Ziqi Tian
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Weiben Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China.
| | - Nigel J D Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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11
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Effects of extracellular organic matter on chitosan coagulation-microfiltration harvesting of Microcystis flos-aquae. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Lucakova S, Branyikova I, Kovacikova S, Pivokonsky M, Filipenska M, Branyik T, Ruzicka MC. Electrocoagulation reduces harvesting costs for microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 323:124606. [PMID: 33385625 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Centrifugation is the most commonly used method for harvesting autotrophically produced microalgae, but it is expensive due to high energy demands. With the aim of reducing these costs, we tested electrocoagulation with iron electrodes for harvesting Chlorella vulgaris. During extensive lab-scale experiments, the following factors were studied to achieve a high harvesting efficiency and a low iron content in the harvested biomass: electric charge, initial biomass concentration, pH, temperature, agitation intensity, residual salt content and electrolysis time. A harvesting efficiency greater than 95% was achieved over a broad range of conditions and the residual iron content in the biomass complied with legislative requirements for food. Using electrocoagulation as the pre-concentration step prior to centrifugation, total energy costs were reduced to 0.136 kWh/kg of dry biomass, which is less than 14% of that for centrifugation alone. Our data show that electrocoagulation is a suitable and cost-effective method for harvesting microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Lucakova
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 135/1, Prague 6 165 02, Czech Republic; Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Branyikova
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 135/1, Prague 6 165 02, Czech Republic.
| | - Sara Kovacikova
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 135/1, Prague 6 165 02, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pivokonsky
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 30/5, Prague 6 166 12, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Filipenska
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 30/5, Prague 6 166 12, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Branyik
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Marek C Ruzicka
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 135/1, Prague 6 165 02, Czech Republic
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Rao NRH, Granville AM, Henderson RK. Understanding variability in algal solid-liquid separation process outcomes by manipulating extracellular protein-carbohydrate interactions. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 190:116747. [PMID: 33385876 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coagulation-flocculation followed by sedimentation or dissolved air flotation (DAF) are processes routinely used for separating microalgae from water; however, during algae separation then can exhibit inconsistent separation, high coagulant demand, and high operating cost. To circumvent these problems, previous studies reported the development of a novel DAF process in which bubbles were modified instead of particles. While this process was shown to be sustainable and inexpensive, the problem of inconsistent algal separation across species remained. Recent research has suggested that this could be due to the varying concentration and character of algal-derived proteins and carbohydrates within the extracellular organic matter (EOM) and their associated interactions. This hypothesis is tested in the current study using the novel modified-bubble DAF process, which has been highly susceptible to EOM protein and carbohydrate concentrations and character. Biomolecular additives (commercially available proteins and carbohydrates, and algal-extracted proteins) of widely differing molecular weight (MW) and charge were dosed in varying proportions into samples containing either Chlorella vulgaris CS-42/7, Microcystis aeruginosa CS-564/01, or Microcystis aeruginosa CS-555/1 after removing the intrinsic EOM. These cell-rich suspensions were then subject to flotation using cationic bubbles modified with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC). When additives were dosed independently, separation increased from <5% to up to 62%. The maximum separation was obtained when the dose was double the respective biopolymer concentration measured in the intrinsic EOM for the equivalent species, and, in the case of protein additives, when MW and charge were >50 kDa, and >0.5 meq·g-1, respectively, irrespective of the species tested. When evaluating steric- and charge-based protein-carbohydrate interactions on cell separation by simultaneously dosing high MW and high charge protein- and carbohydrate-additives, enhanced separation of up to 79% was achieved. It is suggested that enhanced cell separation is achieved due to proteins and carbohydrates bridging with cells and forming protein-carbohydrate-cell suprastructures in the presence of a flocculant, e.g. PDADMAC, and this only occurs when the intrinsic EOM comprises proteins and carbohydrates that have high MW (>25 kDa) and charge (>0.2 meq·g-1), and interactions with each other and with the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R H Rao
- Algae and Organic Matter Laboratory (AOM Lab), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - A M Granville
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - R K Henderson
- Algae and Organic Matter Laboratory (AOM Lab), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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Zhou X, He Y, Li H, Wei Y, Zhao L, Yang G, Chen X. Using flocculation and subsequent biomanipulation to control microcystis blooms: A laboratory study. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 99:101917. [PMID: 33218442 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The frequent occurrence and long-term duration of Microcystis harmful algal blooms (HABs) are of great concern. Chemical flocculation is thought to be an effective way to deal with the HABs, while the application of the flocculants at a high dosage pose potential adverse impacts to the aquatic ecosystems. In this study, an alternative approach is proposed that involves the employment of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) combined with the Daphnia magna (D. magna) to achieve sustainable HABs removal efficiency with an acceptable ecological risk. It was found that under a dense Microcystis HABs (algal density of 1.5 × 107 cells/ml), a PAC dosage of 30 mg/l triggered >95% algae removal, but the released Al3+ caused 90% mortality of planktonic D. magna. Reducing the PAC dosage to 15 mg/l resulted in a slightly lower algal removal efficiency (>90%). In addition the reduced PAC dosage benefited the proliferation of the remaining unicellular algal cells, which tended to form a large colony during the 25-day experiment. Incubation of D. magna following flocculation with 15 mg/l PAC effectively grazed the remaining algal cells, meanwhile increasing the D. magna density by approximately 40-folds, and enlarging the body size by 1.37-1.50 times. This result implied that the released Al3+ was not detrimental to the D. magna. Flocculation with a reduced dosage is sufficient for colonial and large algal cells mitigation, which creates a window time for the biomanipulation of the residual tiny algae. Hence, the subsequent addition of D. magna triggered the sustainable removal of the HABs cells. The present study provides an environmentally friendly strategy for cleaning up the green tides without obvious detrimental effects on the aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yixin He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Yanyan Wei
- Cultivation Base of Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- The second Construction Engineering Co., Ltd of the third Bureau of China Construction Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Guofeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xudong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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Rao NRH, Granville AM, Wich PR, Henderson RK. Detailed algal extracellular carbohydrate-protein characterisation lends insight into algal solid-liquid separation process outcomes. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 178:115833. [PMID: 32339864 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of algal solid-liquid separation processes has been impacted by the strong influence of algal extracellular organic matter (EOM), where the composition of proteins and carbohydrates and their associated interactions have been implicated. However, despite this, no studies have analysed the detailed protein and carbohydrate composition in EOM in relation to their impacts on separation. Hence, the aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the variety of carbohydrates and proteins present in the EOM of select algal and cyanobacterial samples and the associated separation performance to better understand the influence of specific biopolymers. The protein and carbohydrate composition of the EOM of three species - Microcystis aeruginosa CS-555/1, Chlorella vulgaris CS-42/7 and Microcystis aeruginosa CS-564/01, previously observed to result in variable treatment performance were investigated. The carbohydrates were analysed via high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) with pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) while the proteins were analysed using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Ten unique monosaccharides were identified; of these, the greatest proportion of charged uronic acid carbohydrates were present in the EOM of M. aeruginosa CS-564/01. The protein profiling revealed that M. aeruginosa CS-564/01 had a greater proportion and concentration of proteins >75 kDa when compared to M. aeruginosa CS-555/1 or C. vulgaris CS-42/7. It was determined that three serine- and two threonine-based proteins, detected in greater concentrations in M. aeruginosa CS-564/01 than CS-555/1, could covalently interact with carbohydrates (OHenderson et al., 2010a, 2010b-linked glycosylation). These proteins have the ability to form numerous localised networks with carbohydrates and cells in the presence of coagulant molecules, thereby providing a good hypothesis to explain the excellent treatment performance observed for M. aeruginosa CS-564/01 previously. It is proposed that the uronic acids in M. aeruginosa CS-564/01 could interact with proteins via glycosylation, explaining why the coagulant demand for this strain remained low despite the high charged carbohydrate concentration. Overall, it is proposed that process performance could be impacted by: (a) physicochemical characteristics and (b) carbohydrate-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R H Rao
- Algae and Organic Matter Laboratory (AOM Lab), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - A M Granville
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - P R Wich
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - R K Henderson
- Algae and Organic Matter Laboratory (AOM Lab), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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