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Wang XW, Tan X, Dang CC, Liu LY, Wang X, Zhao ZC, Ren HY, Liu BF, Xie GJ. Enrichment and characterization of thermophilic anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria from hot spring. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 267:122497. [PMID: 39340864 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidization (Anammox) process plays a crucial role in the global nitrogen cycle and sustainable biological nitrogen removal from wastewater. Although Anammox bacteria have been detected across mesophilic and thermophilic conditions, the direct cultivation of Anammox bacteria from thermal environments has remained elusive. This impedes limiting our understanding of their physiology and ecology in high-temperature habitats. Here, we successfully enriched Anammox bacteria from hot spring sediments at 45 °C, achieving an ammonium oxidation rate of 158.0 mg NH4+-N l-1d-1, with the genus 'Candidatus Brocadia' presenting 22.9 % of the total microbial community after about 500 days of operation. Metagenomic analysis recovered two high-quality genomes of novel Anammox bacteria, which we designed as 'Candidatus Brocadia thermophilus' and 'Candidatus Brocadia thermoanammoxidans'. Both of them encoded and actively expressed key metabolic genes involved in Anammox process and several genes associated with thermotolerance, demonstrating their remarkable ability to perform Anammox reaction in thermophilic environments. Notably, phylotypes related to 'Candidatus Brocadia thermoanammoxidans' have frequently been retrieved from geographically distinct natural habitats. These findings expand our understanding of thermophilic Anammox bacteria and underscore their potential in the nitrogen cycle of thermal natural and engineering ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Xin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Lu-Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Hong-Yu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Bing-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Guo-Jun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
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2
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Wang X, Qin S, Zhao L, Wang J, Yang H. Mechanism of gel immobilization driving efficient anammox in mainstream partial nitritation/anammox process: Structural characterization and multi-perspective microbial analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 395:130375. [PMID: 38278456 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Here, the mechanism of encapsulated anammox bacteria (AnAOB) driving efficient nitrogen removal in the mainstream partial nitritation/anammox process is revealed. The results show that a high nitrogen removal rate (1.21±0.02 kgN·(m3·d)-1) was achieved due to the abundant micropore structure inside the anammox immobilized filler, ensuring good connectivity, and a stable aggregation capacity, reducing dependence on extracellular polymeric substances. AnAOB were uniformly distributed throughout all regions of the immobilized filler, and their abundance was higher than that of the control anammox granular sludge (AnGS). Conversely, cracks appeared on the surface of the AnGS, and hollows formed inside. The metagenome analysis revealed that the immobilized filler supported the coexistence of multiple AnAOB, and the appropriate niche enhanced coordination between the AnAOB and dominant companion microorganisms. In contrast, AnGS exhibited stronger NH4+-N and NO2--N loops, potentially reducing the total nitrogen removal efficiency. This study promotes the mainstream application of anammox.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoTong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - SongYan Qin
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - LiXin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - JiaWei Wang
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Architecture, Zhangjiakou 075000, China.
| | - Hong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environmental Recovery Engineering, College of Architectural Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
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Wang XW, Tan X, Dang CC, Lu Y, Xie GJ, Liu BF. Thermophilic microorganisms involved in the nitrogen cycle in thermal environments: Advances and prospects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165259. [PMID: 37400035 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Thermophilic microorganisms mediated significant element cycles and material conversion in the early Earth as well as mediating current thermal environments. Over the past few years, versatile microbial communities that drive the nitrogen cycle have been identified in thermal environments. Understanding the microbial-mediated nitrogen cycling processes in these thermal environments has important implications for the cultivation and application of thermal environment microorganisms as well as for exploring the global nitrogen cycle. This work provides a comprehensive review of different thermophilic nitrogen-cycling microorganisms and processes, which are described in detail according to several categories, including nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium. In particular, we assess the environmental significance and potential applications of thermophilic nitrogen-cycling microorganisms, and highlight knowledge gaps and future research opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yang Lu
- The Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Guo-Jun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Bing-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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Zhu W, Van Tendeloo M, Alloul A, Vlaeminck SE. Feasibility of a return-sludge nursery concept for mainstream anammox biostimulation: creating optimal conditions for anammox to recover and grow in a parallel tank. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129359. [PMID: 37343792 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
To overcome limiting anammox activity, a return-sludge nursery concept is proposed. This concept blends reject water treated with partial nitritation with mainstream effluent to increase the temperature, N levels, and EC of the anammox nursery reactor, which sludge periodically passes through the return sludge line of the mainstream system. Various nursery frequencies were tested in two 2.5 L reactors, including 0.5-2 days of nursery treatment per 3.5-14 days of the total operation. Bioreactor experiments showed that nursery increased nitrogen removal rates during mainstream operation by 33-38%. The increased anammox activity can be partly (35-60%) explained by higher temperatures. Elevated EC, higher nitrogen concentrations, and a putative synergy and/or unknown factor were responsible for 15-16%, 12-14%, and 10-36%, respectively. A relatively stable microbial community dominated by "Candidatus Brocadia" was observed. This new concept boosted activity and sludge growth, which may facilitate mainstream anammox implementations based on partial nitritation/anammox or partial nitrification/denitratation/anammox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Zhu
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium; School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Michiel Van Tendeloo
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Abbas Alloul
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Siegfried E Vlaeminck
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium.
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Tian H, Liu J, Zhang Y, Liu Q. Stress response and signalling of a low-temperature bioaugmentation system in decentralized wastewater treatment: Degradation characteristics, community structure, and bioaugmented mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 342:118257. [PMID: 37290305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Low temperatures present challenges for stable wastewater treatment operations in cold regions. Low-temperature effective microorganisms (LTEM) were added as a bioaugmentation strategy at a decentralized treatment facility to improve performance. The effects of a low-temperature bioaugmentation system (LTBS) with LTEM at low temperatures (4 °C) on organic pollutant performance, microbial community changes, and the metabolic pathways of functional genes and functional enzymes were studied. To explore the bioaugmentation mechanism of LTBS based on stress response and signalling. The results showed that the start-up time of the LTBS (S2) with LTEM was shorter (8 days) and that it removed COD and NH4+-N at higher rates (87 % and 72 %, respectively) at 4 °C. LTEM effectively degraded complex macromolecular organics into small molecular organics, and decomposing sludge flocs and the changing the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) structure removed more organics and nitrogen. LTEM and local microbial communities (nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria) improved the ability of organic matter degradation and denitrification of the LTBS and formed a core microbial community dominated by LTEM (Bacillus and Pseudomonas). Finally, based on the functional enzymes and metabolic pathways of the LTBS, a low-temperature strengthening mechanism consisting of 6 cold stress responses and signal pathways under low temperatures was formed. This study demonstrated that the LTEM-dominated LTBS could provide an engineering alternative for future decentralized wastewater treatment in cold regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Tian
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jianwei Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Yuxiu Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Qianqian Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
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6
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Zhao Q, Li J, Deng L, Jia T, Zhao Y, Li X, Peng Y. From hybrid process to pure biofilm anammox process: Suspended sludge biomass management contributing to high-level anammox enrichment in biofilms. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 236:119959. [PMID: 37058918 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The application of mainstream anammox is highly desirable for municipal wastewater treatment. However, enrichment of anammox bacteria (AnAOB) is challenging, particularly given the vicious competition from denitrifying bacteria (DB). Here, suspended sludge biomass management, a novel operational strategy for hybrid process (suspended sludge/biofilm), was investigated for 570 days based on a modified anaerobic-anoxic-oxic system treating municipal wastewater. By successively decreasing the suspended sludge concentration, the traditional hybrid process was successfully upgraded to a pure biofilm anammox process. During this process, both the nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) and rate (NRR) were significantly improved (P < 0.001), from 62.1 ± 4.5% to 79.2 ± 3.9% and from 48.7 ± 9.7 to 62.3 ± 9.0 g N/(m3·d), respectively. Mainstream anammox was improved in the following: Candidatus Brocadia was enriched from 0.70% to 5.99% in anoxic biofilms [from (9.94 ± 0.99) × 108 to (1.16 ± 0.01) × 1010 copies/g VSS, P < 0.001]; the in situ anammox reaction rate increased from 8.8 ± 1.9 to 45.5 ± 3.2 g N/(m3·d) (P < 0.001); the anammox contribution to nitrogen removal rose from 9.2 ± 2.8% to 67.1 ± 8.3% (P < 0.001). Core bacterial microbiome analysis, functional gene quantification, and a series of ex situ batch experiments demonstrated that the stepwise decreases in suspended sludge concentration effectively mitigated the vicious competition of DB against AnAOB, enabling high-level AnAOB enrichment. This study presents a straightforward and effective strategy for enriching AnAOB in municipal wastewater, shedding fresh light on the application and upgradation of mainstream anammox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Jianwei Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Liyan Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Tipei Jia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yang Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiyao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
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Ji S, Gu N, Li YY, Liu J. Rapid proliferation of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria using anammox-hydroxyapatite technology in a pilot-scale expanded granular sludge bed reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 362:127845. [PMID: 36031118 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The practical application of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) technology was seriously limited by lack of anammox seeding sludge. In this work, a pilot-scale expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor was used for rapid proliferation of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) using anammox-hydroxyapatite (anammox-HAP) technology. The excellent settleability of anammox-HAP granular sludge (with an excellent settling velocity of 395 m/h) supported the up-flow velocity of 9.6 m/h with recirculation ratio of 19. A high nitrogen loading rate (NLR) of 26.4 g N/L/d was achieved in the pilot-scale reactor, with a cell yield of 0.23 g VSS/g NH4+-N. The high recirculation ratio and up-flow velocity brought about the efficient mass transfer for anammox, eliminating free ammonia inhibition, resulting in the high NLR and cell yield. Results of microbial community revealed that the relative abundance of unclassified Brocadiaceae increased from 18.55% to 82.80%, illustrating the rapid proliferation of AnAOB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghao Ji
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Nannan Gu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Jianyong Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
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8
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Wang J, Liang J, Ning D, Zhang T, Wang M. A review of biomass immobilization in anammox and partial nitrification/anammox systems: Advances, issues, and future perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:152792. [PMID: 35033568 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two biomass immobilization techniques; entrapment and carrier-based, attract increasing attention in anammox and partial nitrification/anammox (PN/A) systems. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the advances, outstanding issues, and future research directions in this field. The application of both entrapment and carrier-based biofilm immobilization for reactor start up, improving the nitrogen removal performance, and protecting autotrophic bacteria from environmental fluctuations in anammox and partial nitrification/anammox systems are summarized and discussed. The key characteristics of carriers for biomass immobilization are biocompatibility for supporting microbial growth, permeability for effective mass transfer, and physical/chemical stability for long-term use. Carriers without these characteristics must be improved and re-evaluated for their feasibility in applications. Lab-scale, pilot, and full-scale studies are needed to overcome the potential obstacles of preliminary studies, and to investigate the long-term performance of biomass immobilization techniques, especially using real wastewater as influent, which may introduce more complexity and threaten the carrier's immobilization. In addition, calculating the 'nitrogen removal rate normalized by the packing ratio of carriers (NRR-C)' in the immobilization system is strongly suggested to obtain a direct comparison of immobilization performance/limitations from different studies. This review will improve understanding of the major challenges of immobilization technology in anammox and PN/A systems and provide insights into the next-stage of research and full-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxing Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; College of Horticulture, North West Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jidong Liang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Dingying Ning
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Tengge Zhang
- Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering and EMS Energy Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering and EMS Energy Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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He L, Lin Z, Zhu K, Wang Y, He X, Zhou J. Mesophilic condition favors simultaneous partial nitrification and denitrification (SPND) and anammox for carbon and nitrogen removal from anaerobic digestate food waste effluent. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151498. [PMID: 34752875 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Three simultaneous partial nitrification and denitrification (SPND) bioreactors were established on ambient (30 °C), mesophilic (40 °C) and thermophilic condition (50 °C) at high dissolved oxygen levels (2-7 mg L-1) to remove nitrogen and carbon from anaerobic digestate food waste effluent (ADFE). The bioreactor performed best under mesophilic condition, with TN and COD removal efficiency of 96.3 ± 0.1% and 91.7 ± 0.1%, respectively. Free ammonia (FA) and free nitrous acid (FNA) alternately ensured selective inhibition of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in long-term operation of SPND systems. Candidatus Brocadia, known as anammox bacteria, was observed unexpectedly in the bioreactors. The analysis of microbial community and metabolic pathways revealed that mesophilic strategy stimulated SPND and anammox process. Mesophilic condition helped autotropic microbes resist the competitive pressure from heterotrophic bacteria, improving the balance between nitrifiers, anammox bacteria and other co-existing heterotrophs. Overall, this study offers new insights into the linkage among temperature, pollutant removals (carbon and nitrogen) and metabolic potential in the SPND bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Ziyuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Yingmu Wang
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Xuejie He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
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Kouba V, Bachmannová C, Podzimek T, Lipovová P, van Loosdrecht MCM. Physiology of anammox adaptation to low temperatures and promising biomarkers: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 349:126847. [PMID: 35167904 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The adaptation of bacteria involved in the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) to low temperatures in the mainstream of WWTP will unlock substantial treatment savings. However, their adaptation mechanisms have begun to be revealed only very recently. This study reviewed the state-of-the-art knowledge on these mechanisms from -omics studies, crucially including metaproteomics and metabolomics. Anammox bacteria adapt to low temperatures by synthesizing both chaperones of RNA and proteins and chemical chaperones. Furthermore, they preserve energy for the core metabolism by reducing biosynthesis in general. Thus, in this study, a number of biomarkers are proposed to help practitioners assess the extent of anammox bacteria adaptation and predict the decomposition of biofilms/granules or slower growth. The promising biomarkers also include unique ladderane lipids. Further proteomic and metabolomic studies are necessary for a more detailed understanding of anammox low-temperature adaptation, thus easing the transition to more cost-effective and sustainable wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kouba
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Department of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czechia.
| | - Ch Bachmannová
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Department of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czechia
| | - T Podzimek
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czechia
| | - P Lipovová
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czechia
| | - M C M van Loosdrecht
- The Delft University of Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, Netherlands
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Zhu W, Van Tendeloo M, Alloul A, Vlaeminck SE. Towards mainstream partial nitritation/anammox in four seasons: Feasibility of bioaugmentation with stored summer sludge for winter anammox assistance. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 347:126619. [PMID: 34958904 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The strong effect of low temperatures on anammox challenges its mainstream application over the winter in temperate climates. Winter bioaugmentation with stored summer surplus sludge is a potential solution to guarantee sufficient nitrogen removal in winter. Firstly, the systems for which nitrogen removal deteriorated by the temperature decrease (25 °C → 20 °C) could be fully restored bioaugmenting with granules resp. flocs stored for 6 months at 118 resp. 220% of the initial biomass levels. Secondly, the reactivation of these stored sludges was tested in lower temperature systems (15.3 ± 0.4/10.4 ± 0.4 °C). Compared to the activity before storage, between 56% and 41% of the activity of granules was restored within one month, and 41%-32% for flocs. Additionally, 85-87% of granules and 50-53% of flocs were retained in the systems. After reactivation (15.3 ± 0.4/10.4 ± 0.4 °C), a more specialized community was formed (diversity decreased) with Candidatus Brocadia still dominant in terms of relative abundance. Capital and operating expenditures (CAPEX, OPEX) were negligible, representing only 0.19-0.36% of sewage treatment costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Zhu
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen 2020, Belgium
| | - Michiel Van Tendeloo
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen 2020, Belgium
| | - Abbas Alloul
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen 2020, Belgium
| | - Siegfried E Vlaeminck
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen 2020, Belgium.
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12
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Sobotka D, Zhai J, Makinia J. Generalized temperature dependence model for anammox process kinetics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 775:145760. [PMID: 33631594 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is a key operational factor influencing the anammox process kinetics. In particular, at temperatures below 15 °C, the specific anammox activity (SAA) considerably decreases. This study aimed to describe the temperature dependence of the anammox process kinetics in the temperature range from 10 to 55 °C, including the specific characteristics of "cold anammox". The commonly used Arrhenius and extended and modified Ratkowsky equations were examined. The Ratkowsky equations yielded a strong correlation (coefficient of determination, R2 = 0.93-0.96) between the measured and predicted data over the analyzed temperature range (10-55 °C). However, these equations could not correctly reflect the anammox temperature dependence at temperatures below 15 °C (R2 = 0.36-0.48). Therefore, a new generalized temperature model was proposed. The generalized temperature equation (GTE) considered the division of the analyzed temperature range into three temperature ranges: 10-15 °C, 15-35 °C and 35-55 °C. The ranges correspond to "cold anammox", "(low) mesophilic anammox" and "thermophilic anammox". The applied approach yielded a strong correlation between the measured and predicted SAA (R2 = 0.97) over the temperature range from 10 to 55 °C and over the low-temperature range from 10 to 15 °C (R2 = 0.99). Overall, the GTE could enhance the predictions of the temperature dependence of the anammox process kinetics. The GTE can help examine anammox-based bioaugmentation systems operating at both high temperatures (sidestream reactors) and low temperatures (mainstream reactors).
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sobotka
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - J Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering - Chongqing University, 400045 Chongqing, PR China
| | - J Makinia
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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Vinardell S, Astals S, Koch K, Mata-Alvarez J, Dosta J. Co-digestion of sewage sludge and food waste in a wastewater treatment plant based on mainstream anaerobic membrane bioreactor technology: A techno-economic evaluation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 330:124978. [PMID: 33770732 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of anaerobic membrane bioreactor as mainstream technology would reduce the load of sidestream anaerobic digesters. This research evaluated the techno-economic implications of co-digesting sewage sludge and food waste in such wastewater treatment plants to optimise the usage of the sludge line infrastructure. Three organic loading rates (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kg VS m-3 d-1) and different strategies to manage the additional nutrients backload were considered. Results showed that the higher electricity revenue from co-digesting food waste offsets the additional costs of food waste acceptance infrastructure and biosolids disposal. However, the higher electricity revenue did not offset the additional costs when the nutrients backload was treated in the sidestream (partial-nitritation/anammox and struvite precipitation). Biosolids disposal was identified as the most important gross cost contributor in all the scenarios. Finally, a sensitivity analysis showed that food waste gate fee had a noticeable influence on co-digestion economic feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Vinardell
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sergi Astals
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Konrad Koch
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Joan Mata-Alvarez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Dosta
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Mohamad-Zainal NSL, Ramli N, Zolkefli N, Mustapha NA, Hassan MA, Maeda T. Survivability of Alcaligenaceae and Chromatiaceae as palm oil mill effluent pollution bioindicators under fluctuations of temperature, pH and total suspended solid. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 132:174-182. [PMID: 34074597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alcaligenaceae and Chromatiaceae were previously reported as the specific pollution bioindicators in the receiving river water contaminated by palm oil mill effluent (POME) final discharge. Considering the inevitable sensitivity of bacteria under environmental stresses, it is crucial to assess the survivability of both bacteria in the fluctuated environmental factors, proving their credibility as POME pollution bioindicators in the environment. In this study, the survivability of Alcaligenaceae and Chromatiaceae from facultative pond, algae (aerobic) pond and final discharge were evaluated under varying sets of temperature (25-40°C), pH (pH 7-9) and low/high total suspended solid (TSS) contents of POME collected during low/high crop seasons of oil palm, respectively. Following treatment, the viability status and compositions of the bacterial community were assessed using flow cytometry-based assay and high-throughput Illumina MiSeq, respectively, in correlation with the changes of physicochemical properties. The changes in temperature, pH and TSS indeed changed the physicochemical properties of POME. The functionality of bacterial cells was also shifted where the viable cells and high nucleic acid contents reduced at elevated levels of temperature and pH but increased at high TSS content. Interestingly, the Alcaligenaceae and Chromatiaceae continuously detected in the samples which accounted for more than 0.5% of relative abundance, with a positive correlation with biological oxygen demand (BOD5) concentration. Therefore, either Alcaligenaceae or Chromatiaceae or both could be regarded as the reliable and specific bacterial indicators to indicate the pollution in river water due to POME final discharge despite the fluctuations in temperature, pH and TSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Shaidatul Lyana Mohamad-Zainal
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Ramli
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nurhasliza Zolkefli
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Asyifah Mustapha
- Department of Biological Functions Engineering, Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Fukuoka 808-0196, Japan
| | - Mohd Ali Hassan
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Toshinari Maeda
- Department of Biological Functions Engineering, Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Fukuoka 808-0196, Japan
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Wang J, Liang J. Insight: High intensity and activity carrier granular sludge cultured using polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan/iron gel beads. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 326:124778. [PMID: 33545627 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The newly developed carrier granular sludge (CGS) with polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan (PVA/CS) and PVA/CS/Fe gel beads assistance showed higher intensity and anammox activity than the natural granular sludge (NGS). Through comprehensive investigation, it was found: (1) the gel beads provided a stable framework of cells entangle with extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to enhance the sludge intensity. In this framework, β-polysaccharides are distributed at the edge of CGS as a protection layer, α-polysaccharides and proteins are spread in the whole cross-section as backbones, and Fe2+/Fe3+ in CGS-PVA/CS/Fe act as bridges to link with the negatively charged groups on bacterial surfaces and proteins. (2) The porous gel beads satisfied a relatively unimpeded mass transfer. Thus, the sludge activity, microbe's metabolism, membrane transportation and environmental adaption in CGS were apparently improved. The results improved the understanding about the advantages of the CGS and indicated their possible application in full-scale anammox processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxing Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jidong Liang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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Ma X, Li X, Li J, Ren J, Chi L, Cheng X. Iron-carbon could enhance nitrogen removal in Sesuvium portulacastrum constructed wetlands for treating mariculture effluents. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 325:124602. [PMID: 33486413 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated an Iron-carbon (Fe-C) micro-electrolysis method to enhance nitrogen removal of Sesuvium portulacastrum constructed wetlands (CWs) when treating mariculture effluents. The main objective was to investigate the effects of Fe-C on nitrogen purification performance and microbial characteristics of Sesuvium portulacastrum CWs. Results showed that the presence of Fe-C and Sesuvium portulacastrum could improve nitrogen removal efficiency by 20-30% and 15-30%, respectively. CWs with 33% v/v Fe-C addition performed well on nitrogen removal: TAN, 41.49 ± 13.64%; NO2--N, 13.32%; NO3--N, 60.02 ± 6.17%; TIN, 63.40 ± 12.11%. Microbial analysis revealed that Fe-C altered the microbial communities, and improved the abundance of denitrification related genera. Based on microbial enzyme activities and genes abundance, the anammox and denitrification processes were promoted by Fe-C in CWs. These findings indicate that Sesuvium portulacastrum CWs with 33% v/v Fe-C represents an effective nitrogen removal for mariculture wastewater with insufficient carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xian Li
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China.
| | - Jilong Ren
- School of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Liang Chi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xuewen Cheng
- School of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
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17
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Ni L, Shi Q, Wu M, Ma J, Wang Y. Fouling behavior and mechanism of hydrophilic modified membrane in anammox membrane bioreactor: Role of gel layer. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Li GF, Huang BC, Cheng YF, Ma WJ, Li ST, Gong B, Guan YF, Fan NS, Jin RC. Determination of the response characteristics of anaerobic ammonium oxidation bioreactor disturbed by temperature change with the spectral fingerprint. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 719:137513. [PMID: 32120111 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria are sensitive and susceptible to operating condition fluctuations that can lead to the instability of a bioreactor. Through multivariate spectral analysis, the dynamic changes of intracellular and extracellular metabolites of anammox sludge under the declined temperature stress were characterized. It was found that effluent fluorescence components were positively related to the bacterial activity, and the response of the protein-like substances to the temperature change was more sensitive than that of humic substances. Under the transient disturbance during temperature change from 35 to 15 °C, anammox system tended to considerably excrete extracellular polymeric substances to resist the low temperature inhibition. However, the long-term exposure of the sludge at 10 °C resulted in the considerably inhibition of sludge activity, granular disintegration and heterotrophic denitrification bacteria increase. The two-dimensional correlation analysis further revealed that the humic acid in extracellular polymeric substances was preferentially responded to the temperature change than protein. Anammox bacteria tended to increase the intracellular protein and electron transfer-related reactive substance excretion to counteract the low temperature inhibition. Herein, both the intra- and extra-cellular response characteristics of anammox sludge to temperature variation were successfully resolved via the combined spectra. This work provides a comprehensive understanding on the mechanism of anammox sludge to temperature variation and may be valuable for the development of bioreactor monitoring techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Feng Li
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Bao-Cheng Huang
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Ya-Fei Cheng
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Wen-Jie Ma
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Shu-Ting Li
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Bo Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yan-Fang Guan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Nian-Si Fan
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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