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Gholizadeh M, Saeedi R, Bagheri A, Paeezi M. Machine learning-based prediction of effluent total suspended solids in a wastewater treatment plant using different feature selection approaches: A comparative study. Environ Res 2024; 246:118146. [PMID: 38215928 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Accurately predicting the characteristics of effluent, discharged from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is crucial for reducing sampling requirements, labor, costs, and environmental pollution. Machine learning (ML) techniques can be effective in achieving this goal. To optimize ML-based models, various feature selection (FS) methods are employed. This study aims to investigate the impact of six FS methods (categorized as Wrapper, Filter, and Embedded methods) on the accuracy of three supervised ML algorithms in predicting total suspended solids (TSS) concentration in the effluent of a municipal wastewater treatment plant. Based on the features proposed by each FS method, five distinct scenarios were defined. Within each scenario, three ML algorithms, namely artificial neural network-multi layer perceptron (ANN-MLP), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), and adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) were applied. The features utilized for predicting TSS concentration in the WWTP effluent included BOD5, COD, TSS, TN, NH3 in the influent, and BOD5, COD, residual Cl2, NO3, TN, NH4 in the effluent. To construct the models, the dataset was randomly divided into training and testing subsets, and K-fold cross-validation was employed to control overfitting and underfitting. The evaluation metrics that are used are root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and correlation coefficient (R2). The most efficient scenario was identified as Scenario IV, with the Sequential Backward Selection FS method. The features selected by this method were CODe, BOD5e, BOD5i, TNi. Furthermore, the ANN-MLP algorithm demonstrated the best performance, achieving the highest R2 value. This algorithm exhibited acceptable performance in both the training and testing subsets (R2 = 0.78 and R2 = 0.8, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Gholizadeh
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Health, Safety and Environment, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Saeedi
- Department of Health, Safety and Environment, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Bagheri
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Health, Safety and Environment, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Paeezi
- Department of Health, Safety and Environment, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Bertone E, Ajmar A, Tonolo FG, Dunn RJK, Doriean NJC, Bennett WW, Purandare J. Satellite-based estimation of total suspended solids and chlorophyll-a concentrations for the Gold Coast Broadwater, Australia. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 201:116217. [PMID: 38520999 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Satellite retrieval of total suspended solids (TSS) and chlorophyll-a (chl-a) was performed for the Gold Coast Broadwater, a micro-tidal estuarine lagoon draining a highly developed urban catchment area with complex and competing land uses. Due to the different water quality properties of the rivers and creeks draining into the Broadwater, sampling sites were grouped in clusters, with cluster-specific empirical/semi-empirical prediction models developed and validated with a leave-one-out cross validation approach for robustness. For unsampled locations, a weighted-average approach, based on their proximity to sampled sites, was developed. Confidence intervals were also generated, with a bootstrapping approach and visualised through maps. Models yielded varying accuracies (R2 = 0.40-0.75). Results show that, for the most significant poor water quality event in the dataset, caused by summer rainfall events, elevated TSS concentrations originated in the northern rivers, slowly spreading southward. Conversely, high chl-a concentrations were first recorded in the southernmost regions of the Broadwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Bertone
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Southport 4215, Queensland, Australia; Cities Research Institute, Griffith University, Southport 4215, Queensland, Australia; Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan 4111, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Andrea Ajmar
- Interuniversity Department of Regional and Urban Studies and Planning (DIST), Politecnico di Torino, Viale Mattioli, 39, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Fabio Giulio Tonolo
- Department of Architecture and Design, Politecnico di Torino, Viale Mattioli, 39, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Ryan J K Dunn
- Cities Research Institute, Griffith University, Southport 4215, Queensland, Australia; Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Griffith University, Southport 4215, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas J C Doriean
- Cities Research Institute, Griffith University, Southport 4215, Queensland, Australia; Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Griffith University, Southport 4215, Queensland, Australia
| | - William W Bennett
- Cities Research Institute, Griffith University, Southport 4215, Queensland, Australia; Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Griffith University, Southport 4215, Queensland, Australia; School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport 4215, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jemma Purandare
- Cities Research Institute, Griffith University, Southport 4215, Queensland, Australia; Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Griffith University, Southport 4215, Queensland, Australia; School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport 4215, Queensland, Australia; City of Gold Coast, 833 Southport Nerang Road, Nerang 4211, Queensland, Australia
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3
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Gao J, Wu M, Zhang H, Yuan H, Kang Y, Fei Q, Cuthbert RN, Liu Z, Jeppesen E. Native molluscs alleviate water quality impacts of invasive crayfish. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:169039. [PMID: 38056660 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Freshwaters are considered to be the most vulnerable ecosystems facing biological invasions, and the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) is one of the most widespread aquatic invasive species in the world. P. clarkii has negative impacts on water quality in the lakes that it invades by, for instance, increasing their turbidity and nutrient concentrations and reducing macrophyte biomass. However, native taxa such as snails and mussels could potentially help to maintain a clear-water status in lakes by grazing on periphyton or by phytoplankton filtration. To examine the potential negative effects of P. clarkii on the clear-water state in lakes dominated by the macrophyte Vallisneria denseserrulata and the potential for native species to buffer these effects, we tested the crayfish impact in the absence and presence of the snail Bellamya aeruginosa and the mussel Sinanodonta woodiana at different biomasses. In the presence of crayfish, total suspended solids, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll a concentrations significantly increased compared to the control treatments without crayfish. However, when crayfish coexisted with snails or mussels, these three environmental variables all decreased in concentration compared to the crayfish-only treatment. Low (500 g/m2) and high (1500 g/m2) snail or mussel biomass had similar buffering effects. Macrophyte biomass in the crayfish and high mussel biomass treatment was 43 % higher than in the crayfish-only treatment. Native molluscs therefore alleviated the negative effects of crayfish on lake water quality and promoted native macrophyte growth. We conclude that a thriving native mollusc community may help in maintaining the clear-water state in lakes following crayfish invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Health Perception and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, Ministry of Education; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration of Lakes and Rivers and Algal Utilization; Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes; Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Ming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Health Perception and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, Ministry of Education; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration of Lakes and Rivers and Algal Utilization; Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes; Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Health Perception and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, Ministry of Education; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration of Lakes and Rivers and Algal Utilization; Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes; Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Hong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Health Perception and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, Ministry of Education; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration of Lakes and Rivers and Algal Utilization; Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes; Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Yuhui Kang
- Hubei Water Resources Research Institute, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiang Fei
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Health Perception and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, Ministry of Education; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration of Lakes and Rivers and Algal Utilization; Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes; Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Ross N Cuthbert
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, BT9 5DL Belfast, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Zhengwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Clarke RG, Klapstein SJ, Keenan R, O'Driscoll NJ. Salinity and total suspended solids control mercury speciation in a tidal river: Comparisons with a photochemical mercury model. Chemosphere 2023; 344:140313. [PMID: 37775057 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Daytime volatilization of gaseous elemental mercury (Hg(0)aq) is a significant mechanism for mercury removal from aquatic systems and potentially limits the production and bioaccumulation of methylmercury. Changes in incoming solar radiation (in the ultraviolet range), dissolved organic matter, salinity, and total suspended particles were investigated concurrently with several mercury species (Hg(0)aq, dissolved total mercury (THg), easily reducible mercury (ERM), and mercury associated with total suspended solids (THgTSS)) during daylight hours near the mouth of a hypertidal river. There were no predictable temporal changes observed for Hg(0)aq in unfiltered surface water. Hg(0)aq ranged from 0 to 12 pg L-1, THg ranged from 0 to 492 pg L-1, ERM ranged from 13 to 381 pg L-1, and THgTSS ranged from <1.58 ng g-1 to 261.32 ng g-1. The range of Hg(0)aq predicted by the empirical model was similar to measured ERM concentrations, but it was shown that ERM did not significantly predict in-situ photoreducible Hg(II) (Hg(II)RED). Production of Hg(0)aq appears to largely be suppressed by suspended solids, which limits ultraviolet radiation transmission through surface water. Comparison of these results to an empirical model developed for this site to predict Hg(0)aq indicates that significantly more mercury is available for photoreduction near the mouth of the tidal river, and that Hg(II) will likely photoreduce quickly when TSS levels decrease with ocean mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel G Clarke
- . Department of Earth & Environmental Science. Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6, Canada.
| | - Sara J Klapstein
- . Department of Earth & Environmental Science. Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Robert Keenan
- . Environment and Climate Change Canada, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, B2Y 2N6, Canada
| | - Nelson J O'Driscoll
- . Department of Earth & Environmental Science. Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6, Canada
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Winston RJ, Witter JD, Tirpak RA. Measuring sediment loads and particle size distribution in road runoff: Implications for sediment removal by stormwater control measures. Sci Total Environ 2023; 902:166071. [PMID: 37558076 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Road runoff contributes an array of pollutants which degrade the quality of receiving waters. Sediment conveyed in runoff results in loss of habitat and loss of reservoir capacity, among other undesirable impacts. To select and design stormwater control measures (SCMs), the sediment particle size distribution (PSD) is needed to quantify the required hydraulic retention time for particle settling and to understand what other treatment processes (e.g., filtration) are needed to meet sediment removal targets. A two-year field monitoring study was undertaken across the state of Ohio, USA, to evaluate the PSD of sediment in runoff at twelve roads. The highest TSS concentrations were observed on interstate highways (highest annual average daily traffic [AADT]) and minor arterials (low AADT), suggesting factors beyond AADT, such as antecedent dry period, rainfall intensity, and windborne dust and particulates, contribute to the varied sediment characteristics in runoff. The median TSS load across all samples collected was 2.7 kg/ha per storm event, while annual TSS loads for the monitoring sites varied from 98 kg/(ha·yr) to 519 kg/(ha·yr), with a mean value of 271 kg/(ha·yr). Particle size distributions varied across the monitoring sites, with mean and median d50 of 48.6 μm and 52.5 μm, respectively. Interstate highways (highest AADT) had significantly finer PSDs than other functional classes, while roads in low density residential areas had coarser PSDs than other land uses. Observed differences in PSD across road characteristics may guide SCM selection; dry detention basins and wet ponds/wetlands were predicted to provide effective removal across a variety of PSDs, while TSS reductions provided by hydrodynamic separators and high-flow media filters (which effectively remove larger particles) may be maximized in areas with coarser PSDs (e.g., roads surrounded by low density residential areas studied herein).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Winston
- Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, 590 Woody Hayes Dr., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, 2070 Neil Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Jon D Witter
- Agronomy and Soils, Agricultural Technical Institute, The Ohio State University, 1328 Dover Road, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - R Andrew Tirpak
- Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, 590 Woody Hayes Dr., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Grimm AG, Oabel A, Steiner H, Winston RJ. Curbing sediment: The effects of added surface roughness in the curb and gutter as a novel pretreatment for green infrastructure stormwater control measures. J Environ Manage 2023; 344:118370. [PMID: 37343472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Stormwater control measures (SCMs) are employed to reduce the multitude of deleterious impacts of urban runoff on receiving waters. Sediment accumulation in infiltration-based SCMs can clog these systems, resulting in lack of hydraulic function and reduced stormwater treatment efficacy. As such, pretreatment devices, such as forebays, filter strips, or catch basin sumps, are typically employed upstream of SCMs to remove sediment and prolong maintenance intervals. However, the tendency of SCMs to be retrofitted into space-constrained, ultra-urban areas makes including pretreatment technologies difficult. An alternative pretreatment device for green infrastructure SCMs was developed and tested in the laboratory; alterations were made to the standard curb and gutter, which is ubiquitous within urban environments, to increase the roughness of these surfaces. Roughness was added to the curb and/or gutter of mock road sections constructed of expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam using a computer numerical control (CNC) router. Twenty-one patterns with varying degrees of depth, shape, and spacing were implemented to trap sediment from simulated runoff; samples were collected upstream and downstream of the added roughness and analyzed for sediment removal and particle capture. Patterns which included added roughness in both the curb and gutter reduced total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations by up to 95% (median 85%) and reduced median d50 and d90 in runoff from 46.9 to 39.4 μm and 322 to 100 μm, respectively. Continued TSS removal was observed during repeated testing designed to simulate up to seven runoff events, indicating the potential for sustained sediment accumulation before the need for maintenance via regular street sweeping. With routine maintenance performed at appropriate intervals, these findings indicate that added roughness to curb and gutters could be utilized as a viable pretreatment technology for green infrastructure SCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec G Grimm
- Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, 590 Woody Hayes Dr., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Avee Oabel
- Austin E. Knowlton School of Architecture, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Halina Steiner
- Austin E. Knowlton School of Architecture, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Ryan J Winston
- Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, 590 Woody Hayes Dr., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, USA
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Kamali M, Alamdari N, Esfandarani MS, Esfandarani MS. Effects of rainfall characteristics on runoff quality parameters within an industrial sector in Tennessee, USA. J Contam Hydrol 2023; 256:104179. [PMID: 37075525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2023.104179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between rainfall characteristics and pollutant discharge has rarely been investigated in industrial sectors. To address this need, we investigated the pollutant concentrations of surface runoff and the correlation between pollutant discharge and rainfall characteristics using the self-reported stormwater quality data collected under the Tennessee Multi-Sector Permit program for two industrial facilities in West Tennessee. The variation of certain stormwater quality parameters over this period was utilized as an indicator to evaluate the effectiveness of control measures implemented at these two facilities. Furthermore, the Water Quality Index (WQI) as an indicator to assess the temporal changes in stormwater quality at industrial facilities was determined using the Weighted Sum (WSM) and Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) methods. The principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson correlation coefficient were utilized to understand the correlation between runoff quality parameters, rainfall characteristics, and the sources of pollutants. The results demonstrated lower WQI indices using the WSM method compared to the CCME method. The data analysis revealed that 93.1%, 100%, 86.2%, and 48.3% of Al, Mg, Cu, and Fe experienced a concentration greater than the benchmark level, respectively. There was a significant relationship between Total suspended solids (TSS) and Al, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Fe, oil and grease (O&G), and Zn concentrations. As a result, TSS could be a priority pollutant for designing various best management practices (BMPs) and low impact developments (LIDs). The result of the PCA and Pearson correlation coefficient showed that Al concentration made a significant correlation with the rainfall depth and rainfall duration. This analysis also illustrated that biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), COD, and O&G concentrations were highly correlated with antecedent dry days (ADDs). However, pH was more related to rainfall depth and rainfall intensity. This study informs both regulatory agencies and industry stakeholders regarding the importance of evaluating self-reported stormwater quality data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisam Kamali
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Nasrin Alamdari
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States of America.
| | - Mitra Salehi Esfandarani
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, United States of America
| | - Maryam Salehi Esfandarani
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America
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Gelsey K, Chang H, Ramirez D. Effects of landscape characteristics, anthropogenic factors, and seasonality on water quality in Portland, Oregon. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 195:219. [PMID: 36542193 PMCID: PMC9768779 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Urban areas often struggle with deteriorated water quality because of complex interactions between landscape factors and climatic variables. However, few studies have considered the effects of landscape variables on water quality at a sub-500-m scale. We conducted a spatial statistical analysis of six pollutants for 128 water quality stations in four watersheds around Portland, Oregon, using data from 2015 to 2021 for the wet season at two microscales (100 m and 250 m buffers). E. coli was associated with land cover, soil type, topography, and pipe length, while lead variations were best explained by topographic variables. Developed land cover and impervious surface explained variations in nitrate, while orthophosphate was associated with mean elevation. Models for zinc included land cover and topographic variables in addition to pipe length. Spatial regression models better explain variations in water quality than ordinary least squares models, indicating strong spatial autocorrelation for some variables. Our findings provide valuable insights to city planners and researchers seeking to improve water quality in metropolitan areas by manipulating city landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Gelsey
- Department of Geography, Portland State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Heejun Chang
- Department of Geography, Portland State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
| | - Daniel Ramirez
- Department of Geography, Portland State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
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Lu E, Ai Y, Davis A, Straathof J, Halloran K, Hull N, Winston R, Weir MH, Soller J, Bohrerova Z, Oglesbee M, Lee J. Wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in dormitories as a part of comprehensive university campus COVID-19 monitoring. Environ Res 2022; 212:113580. [PMID: 35671797 PMCID: PMC9167806 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology is an effective tool for monitoring infectious disease spread or illicit drug use within communities. At the Ohio State University, we conducted a SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance program in the 2020-2021 academic year and compared results with the university-required weekly COVID-19 saliva testing to monitor COVID-19 infection prevalence in the on-campus residential communities. The objectives of the study were to rapidly track trends in the wastewater SARS-CoV-2 gene concentrations, analyze the relationship between case numbers and wastewater signals when adjusted using human fecal viral indicator concentrations (PMMoV, crAssphage) in wastewater, and investigate the relationship of the SARS-CoV-2 gene concentrations with wastewater parameters. SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and envelope (N1, N2, and E) gene concentrations, determined with reverse transcription droplet digital PCR, were used to track SARS-CoV-2 viral loads in dormitory wastewater once a week at 6 sampling sites across the campus during the fall semester in 2020. During the following spring semester, research was focused on SARS-CoV2 N2 gene concentrations at 5 sites sampled twice a week. Spearman correlations both with and without adjusting using human fecal viral indicators showed a significant correlation (p < 0.05) between human COVID-19 positive case counts and wastewater SARS-CoV-2 gene concentrations. Spearman correlations showed significant relationships between N1 gene concentrations and both TSS and turbidity, and between E gene concentrations and both pH and turbidity. These results suggest that wastewater signal increases with the census of infected individuals, in which the majority are asymptomatic, with a statistically significant (p-value <0.05) temporal correlation. The study design can be utilized as a platform for rapid trend tracking of SARS-CoV-2 variants and other diseases circulating in various communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Lu
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yuehan Ai
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Angela Davis
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Judith Straathof
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kent Halloran
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Facilities Operations and Development, Environmental Health and Safety, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Natalie Hull
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Sustainability Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ryan Winston
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Sustainability Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mark H Weir
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Sustainability Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Zuzana Bohrerova
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael Oglesbee
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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10
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Khanjani MH, Zahedi S, Mohammadi A. Integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) as an environmentally friendly system for sustainable aquaculture: functionality, species, and application of biofloc technology (BFT). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:67513-67531. [PMID: 35922597 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22371-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture is one of the fastest-growing industries in the world, and its prominent role has been proven in supplying food for the growing world population. The expected growth of aquaculture requires the development of responsible and sustainable approaches, technologies, culture systems, and practices. The integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) system has been developed over the past decades. This system is based on the use of all food levels for simultaneous production of some aquaculturally species in a way that contributes to environmental sustainability (biocontrol), economic stability (product diversity and risk reduction), and social acceptance (better management operations). In IMTA, selecting suitable culture species and considering their appropriate population size is absolutely necessary to achieve an optimal biological and chemical process, improving the ecosystem health and sustainability of the industry. Biofloc technology (BFT) is closely related to the IMTA system, where the IMTA potential can be used to control suspended solids in aquaculture systems with limited water exchange. This study reviews the significance of IMTA systems, potential target species for cultivation, the relationship between BFT and IMTA, total suspended solids control, the economics of IMTA farming, and the recent findings in these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Khanjani
- Department of Fisheries Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Saeed Zahedi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Kerman, Iran
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11
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Zhang H, Zhang L, Wang S, Zhang L. Online water quality monitoring based on UV-Vis spectrometry and artificial neural networks in a river confluence near Sherfield-on-Loddon. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:630. [PMID: 35920913 PMCID: PMC9349112 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water quality monitoring is very important in agricultural catchments. UV-Vis spectrometry is widely used in place of traditional analytical methods because it is cost effective and fast and there is no chemical waste. In recent years, artificial neural networks have been extensively studied and used in various areas. In this study, we plan to simplify water quality monitoring with UV-Vis spectrometry and artificial neural networks. Samples were collected and immediately taken back to a laboratory for analysis. The absorption spectra of the water sample were acquired within a wavelength range from 200 to 800 nm. Convolutional neural network (CNN) and partial least squares (PLS) methods are used to calculate water parameters and obtain accurate results. The experimental results of this study show that both PLS and CNN methods may obtain an accurate result: linear correlation coefficient (R2) between predicted value and true values of TOC concentrations is 0.927 with PLS model and 0.953 with CNN model, R2 between predicted value and true values of TSS concentrations is 0.827 with PLS model and 0.915 with CNN model. CNN method may obtain a better linear correlation coefficient (R2) even with small number of samples and can be used for online water quality monitoring combined with UV-Vis spectrometry in agricultural catchment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Zhang
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Lifu Zhang
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Sa Wang
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - LinShan Zhang
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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12
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Zhao H, Ma Y, Fang J, Hu L, Li X. Particle size distribution and total suspended solid concentrations in urban surface runoff. Sci Total Environ 2022; 815:152533. [PMID: 35016944 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An in-depth understanding of particle size distribution as well as total suspended solids (TSS) in surface runoff is essential for managing urban diffuse pollution. In this study, field experiments and model simulation were undertaken to explore and confirm the dynamic runoff behaviour of TSS and their influencing factors. Field observation results showed that samples with high TSS concentrations contained coarser particles (>100 μm) during three natural rainfall events. Particle size distribution as well as road-deposited sediments (RDS) amount before and after these rainfall events also confirmed that a higher percentage of washed-off coarser particles resulted in higher TSS concentrations in surface runoff water. The impacts of rainfall characteristics, urban-rural gradients, surface roughness, and climate difference on particle distribution as well as TSS concentration were analyzed using the wash-off formula of particle size. These factors mainly affected the contribution rate of RDS to TSS by altering particle size composition; rates ranged from 4% to 44% under different rainfall characteristics. The critical particle size (<100 μm) was developed according to the mass percentage of particles with different sizes in RDS and TSS. Our results can provide a simple and effective way of assessing RDS contribution to TSS in surface runoff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yukun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jinxiu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xuyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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13
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Du Y, Song K, Wang Q, Li S, Wen Z, Liu G, Tao H, Shang Y, Hou J, Lyu L, Zhang B. Total suspended solids characterization and management implications for lakes in East China. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:151374. [PMID: 34740658 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we empirically developed a robust model (the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), bias, NSE and RE were 26.63 mg/L, -4.86 mg/L, 0.47 and 16.47%, respectively) for estimating the total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations in lakes and reservoirs (Hereinafter referred to as lakes) across the Eastern Plain Lake (EPL) Zone. The model was based on 700 in-situ TSS samples collected during 2007-2020 and logarithmic transformed red band reflectance of Landsat data. Based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE), the TSS concentrations in 16,804 lakes were mapped from 1984 to 2019. The results demonstrated a decreasing tendency of TSS in 82.2% of the examined lakes (72.5% of the basins) indicating that the pollutants carried by TSS flowing into the lakes were decreasing. Statistically significant variation (p < 0.05) was found in half of these lakes (28.6% of the basins). High TSS level (>100 mg/L) was observed in 0.31% of lakes (1.1% of the basins). The changing rates of TSS in 47.8% of the lakes (52.7% of the basins) ranged between -50 mg/L/yr and 0. We found high and significantly increased relative spatial heterogeneity of TSS in 4.6% and 6.5% of lakes, respectively. Likewise, the environmental factors, i.e., fertilizer usage, domestic wastewater, industrial wastewater, precipitation, wind speed and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) exhibited a significant correlation with interannual TSS in 38, 21, 20, 11, 17 and 15 of the 91 basins, respectively. This analysis indicated that only precipitation and fertilizer usage were significantly (p < 0.05) related to the spatial distribution of TSS. The relative contributions of the six factors to the interannual TSS changes were varied in different basins. Overall, the NDVI (the representation of vegetation cover) had a high mean contribution to the interannual TSS changes with an average contribution of 7.2%, and contributions of fertilizer were varied greatly among the basins (0.01%-68%). Human activities (fertilizer usage, domestic wastewater, industrial wastewater) and natural factors (precipitation, wind speed and NDVI) played relatively important roles to TSS changes in 14 and 15 of the 91 basins, respectively. Beyond the six factors in this study, other unanalyzed factors (such as lake depth and soil texture) also had some impacts on the distribution of TSS in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Du
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun 130102, China; Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Kaishan Song
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun 130102, China; School of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Sijia Li
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Zhidan Wen
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Ge Liu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Hui Tao
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingxin Shang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Junbin Hou
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Lili Lyu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Bai Zhang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun 130102, China
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Ly K, Metternicht G, Marshall L. Transboundary river basins: Scenarios of hydropower development and operation under extreme climate conditions. Sci Total Environ 2022; 803:149828. [PMID: 34500272 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Transboundary river basins across developing countries, such as the Lower Mekong River Basin (LMB), are challenging to manage given frequent divergences on development and conservation priorities. Driven by needs to sustain economic performance and reduce poverty, the LMB countries are embarking on significant land use changes in the form of more hydropower dams, to satisfy growing energy demands. This pathway could lead to irreversible changes to the ecosystem of the Mekong River, if not properly managed. Given the uncertain environmental externalities and trade-offs associated with further hydropower development and operation in the LMB, this research develops four plausible scenarios of future hydropower operation, and assesses their likely impact on streamflow and instream total suspended solids and nitrate loads of the Mekong River. The findings suggest that further hydropower operations on either tributary or mainstream could result in annual and wet season flow reduction between 11 and 25% while increase dry season flows by 1 to 15%, when compared to a business-as-usual scenario. Conversely, hydropower operation on both tributary and mainstream could result in dry season flow reduction between 10 and 15%. Both instream TSS and nitrate loads are forecasted to reduce under all three scenarios by as much as 78 and 20%, respectively, compared to the business-as-usual one. These effects are predicted to magnify under extreme climate conditions with dry season flow, TSS, and nitrate levels reduced by as much as 44, 81 and 35%, respectively, during a projected extreme dry climate condition, but less severe under improved operational alternatives. With further hydropower development in the LMB being highly unavoidable, these findings can inform effective transboundary management pathways for balancing electricity generation and protection of riverine ecology, water and food security, and people livelihoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongmeng Ly
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Australia.
| | - Graciela Metternicht
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Lucy Marshall
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Australia
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15
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Pantelaki I, Voutsa D. Organophosphate esters in inland and coastal waters in northern Greece. Sci Total Environ 2021; 800:149544. [PMID: 34399340 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and distribution of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in inland and coastal waters in Thessaloniki, Greece, were studied during the period 2019-2020. Samples from rivers and streams as well as coastal waters, were analyzed for the presence of 11 OPEs in dissolved and particulate fraction. OPEs were ubiquitous pollutants in the aquatic environment. Concentrations of dissolved fraction of ΣOPEs concentrations ranged from 400 to 2158 ng L-1 in rivers, 400-1270 in coastal sites and 377-30,560 ng L-1 in streams. TBOEP showed the highest concentrations followed by TPHP, TNBP and TClPP. Significant particulate fractions were determined for TNBP, TClPP TPHP and TCP. Field partition coefficients in inland waters were dependent on the concentration of total suspended solids. Risk assessment did not show potential threat due to OPEs in rivers and coastal sites, however, potential adverse effects were found in streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Pantelaki
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54 124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Dimitra Voutsa
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54 124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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16
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Yunus AP, Masago Y, Hijioka Y. Analysis of long-term (2002-2020) trends and peak events in total suspended solids concentrations in the Chesapeake Bay using MODIS imagery. J Environ Manage 2021; 299:113550. [PMID: 34438312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water quality monitoring programs have been widely implemented worldwide to monitor and assess water quality and to understand its trends. However, water quality analysis based on point-source field observations is difficult to perform at large spatial and temporal scales. In this paper, a fully automated Google Earth Engine (GEE) application algorithm was developed to estimate the total suspended solids (TSS) concentration in the Chesapeake Bay based on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra imagery. Combining long-term archived satellite data (2002-2020) with field observations, the concentrations and spatiotemporal patterns of TSS in the bay water were evaluated. Time series analysis showed a statistically significant decreasing trend in TSS concentration between 2002 and 2020, suggesting that the sediment concentration in the bay has gradually been decreasing over the last two decades. The decreasing trend was observed in 49 out of 60 segments of the bay, implying that substantial progress has been made toward attaining the Chesapeake Bay water quality standards. Based on the monthly TSS analysis, 12 major peak events of TSS were identified in the Chesapeake Bay, which coincided with extreme winter blizzards and summer hurricane events. The GEE application and the results presented herein complement the existing monitoring program in attaining the water quality standards of the bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali P Yunus
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Yoshifumi Masago
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Yasuaki Hijioka
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan.
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17
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Elmaadawy K, Elaziz MA, Elsheikh AH, Moawad A, Liu B, Lu S. Utilization of random vector functional link integrated with manta ray foraging optimization for effluent prediction of wastewater treatment plant. J Environ Manage 2021; 298:113520. [PMID: 34391109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An innovative predictive model was employed to predict the key performance indicators of a full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) operated with an activated sludge treatment process. The data-driven model was obtained using data gathered from Cairo, Egypt. The proposed model consists of Random Vector Functional Link (RVFL) Networks incorporated with Manta Ray Foraging Optimizer (MRFO). RVFL is used as an advanced Artificial Neural Network (ANN) that avoids the common conventional ANN problems such as overfitting. MRFO is employed to determine the best RVFL parameters to maximize the prediction accuracy of the model. The developed MRFO-RVFL is compared with conventional RVFL to figure out the role of MRFO as an optimization tool to enhance model performance. Both models were trained and tested using experimental data measured during a long period of 222 days. This study aims to provide an accurate prediction of the most widely treated effluent indicators of BOD5 and TSS in the wastewater treatment plants. In this study, ten well-known influent wastewater parameters, BOD5, TSS, and VSS, influent flow rate, pH, ambient temperature, F/M ratio, SRT, WAS, and RAS, the output BOD5 and TSS were modeled and predicted using the integrated MRFO-RVFL algorithms and compared with the standalone RVFL model. The performance of the models was evaluated using different assessment measures such as R2, RMSE, and others. The obtained results of R2 and RMSE for the MRFO-RVFL model were 0.924 and 3.528 for BOD5 and 0.917 and 6.153 for TSS, which were much better than the results of conventional RVFL with 0.840 and 6.207 for BOD5 and 0.717 and 10.05 for TSS. Based on the obtained results, the selective model (MRFO-RVFL) exhibited a higher performance and validity to predict the TSS and optimal BOD5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Elmaadawy
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China; Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abd Elaziz
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ammar H Elsheikh
- Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Moawad
- Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bingchuan Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China.
| | - Songfeng Lu
- School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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18
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Xu H, Xu G, Wen X, Hu X, Wang Y. Lockdown effects on total suspended solids concentrations in the Lower Min River (China) during COVID-19 using time-series remote sensing images. Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf 2021; 98:102301. [PMID: 35464667 PMCID: PMC7990758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jag.2021.102301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic in China in the winter-spring of 2019-2020 has decreased and even stopped many human activities. This study investigates whether there were any changes in the water quality of the Lower Min River (China) during the lockdown period. The time-series remote sensing images from November 2019 to April 2020 was used to examine the dynamics of the river's total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations in the period. A new remote sensing-based prototype was developed to recalibrate an existing algorithm for retrieving TSS concentrations in the river. The Nechad and the Novoa algorithms were used to validate the recalibrated algorithm. The results show that the recalibrated algorithm is highly consistent with the two algorithms. All of the three algorithms indicate significant fluctuation in TSS concentrations in the Lower Min River during the study period. February (COVID-19 lockdown period) has witnessed a 48% fall in TSS concentration. The TSS in March-April showed a progressive and recovery back to normal levels of pre-COVID-19. The spatiotemporal change of TSS has worked as a good indicator of human activities, which revealed that the decline of TSS in the lockdown period was due largely to the substantially-reduced discharges from industrial estates, densely-populated city center, and river's shipping. Remote sensing monitoring of the spatiotemporal changes of TSS helps understand important contributors to the water-quality changes in the river and the impacts of anthropogenic activities on river systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqiu Xu
- College of Environment and Resources, Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing of Ministry of Education, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
- Institute of Remote Sensing Information Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Soil Erosion, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Guangzhi Xu
- College of Environment and Resources, Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing of Ministry of Education, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Xiaole Wen
- College of Environment and Resources, Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing of Ministry of Education, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
- Institute of Remote Sensing Information Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Soil Erosion, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Xiujuan Hu
- College of Environment and Resources, Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing of Ministry of Education, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
- Institute of Remote Sensing Information Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Soil Erosion, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- College of Environment and Resources, Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing of Ministry of Education, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
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Mohamad-Zainal NSL, Ramli N, Zolkefli N, Mustapha NA, Hassan MA, Maeda T. Survivability of Alcaligenaceae and Chromatiaceae as palm oil mill effluent pollution bioindicators under fluctuations of temperature, pH and total suspended solid. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 132:174-182. [PMID: 34074597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alcaligenaceae and Chromatiaceae were previously reported as the specific pollution bioindicators in the receiving river water contaminated by palm oil mill effluent (POME) final discharge. Considering the inevitable sensitivity of bacteria under environmental stresses, it is crucial to assess the survivability of both bacteria in the fluctuated environmental factors, proving their credibility as POME pollution bioindicators in the environment. In this study, the survivability of Alcaligenaceae and Chromatiaceae from facultative pond, algae (aerobic) pond and final discharge were evaluated under varying sets of temperature (25-40°C), pH (pH 7-9) and low/high total suspended solid (TSS) contents of POME collected during low/high crop seasons of oil palm, respectively. Following treatment, the viability status and compositions of the bacterial community were assessed using flow cytometry-based assay and high-throughput Illumina MiSeq, respectively, in correlation with the changes of physicochemical properties. The changes in temperature, pH and TSS indeed changed the physicochemical properties of POME. The functionality of bacterial cells was also shifted where the viable cells and high nucleic acid contents reduced at elevated levels of temperature and pH but increased at high TSS content. Interestingly, the Alcaligenaceae and Chromatiaceae continuously detected in the samples which accounted for more than 0.5% of relative abundance, with a positive correlation with biological oxygen demand (BOD5) concentration. Therefore, either Alcaligenaceae or Chromatiaceae or both could be regarded as the reliable and specific bacterial indicators to indicate the pollution in river water due to POME final discharge despite the fluctuations in temperature, pH and TSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Shaidatul Lyana Mohamad-Zainal
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Ramli
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nurhasliza Zolkefli
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Asyifah Mustapha
- Department of Biological Functions Engineering, Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Fukuoka 808-0196, Japan
| | - Mohd Ali Hassan
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Toshinari Maeda
- Department of Biological Functions Engineering, Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Fukuoka 808-0196, Japan
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20
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Chen W, Wang J, Cao X, Ran H, Teng D, Chen J, He X, Zheng X. Possibility of using multiscale normalized difference vegetation index data for the assessment of total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations in surface water: A specific case of scale issues in remote sensing. Environ Res 2021; 194:110636. [PMID: 33385385 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of watersheds creates immense pressure on water quality, especially in arid and semiarid regions. Total suspended solids (TSS) provide essential information to water environmental quality assessments. However, the calibration of direct retrieval models requires complicated preparations and further increases uncertainties. Here, we hypothesized that a common remote sensing index (NDVI, normalized difference vegetation index) could be used to estimate TSS concentrations in water due to the effects of canopy cover. To address this hypothesis, we collected 65 water samples from the Ebinur Lake Watershed, northwest China, to investigate the potential relationships between TSS concentrations and Sentinel-2-based NDVI at various scales (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 m). Subsequently, we established a classical measurement error (CME) model for the estimation of TSS concentrations. The results showed that TSS concentration is negatively related to the NDVI value at all buffer distances. The 300 m scale mean NDVI value showed the most effective explanation of the variations in TSS concentrations (R2 = 0.83, P-value < 0.001), which indicated that the TSS concentration can be assessed by NDVI. The CME model showed that NDVI values played an important role in the assessment of TSS concentrations in surface water. Furthermore, the results of both leave-one-out cross-validation and the accuracy measure suggested that this specific method is satisfactory. Compared with previous statistical and field monitoring results, the proposed method is promising for cost-effective monitoring of TSS concentrations in water, especially in data-poor watersheds. This specific method may provide the basis for the conservation and management of nonpoint source pollution in arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Geography Department, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, 521041, China
| | - Jingzhe Wang
- Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area of the Ministry of Natural Resources & Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xiaoyi Cao
- Digital City Laboratory Company Limited, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Haofan Ran
- Key Laboratory of Smart City and Environment Modelling of Higher Education Institute, College of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Dexiong Teng
- Key Laboratory of Smart City and Environment Modelling of Higher Education Institute, College of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Geography Department, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, 521041, China
| | - Xiao He
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xuan Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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21
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Charters FJ, Cochrane TA, O'Sullivan AD. The influence of urban surface type and characteristics on runoff water quality. Sci Total Environ 2021; 755:142470. [PMID: 33035981 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Untreated runoff was collected over multiple rain events from 19 impermeable urban surfaces, including nine roofs, six roads and four carparks, to quantify the differences in water quality due to surface type, age, condition and location. All 19 sites were exposed to the same climatic conditions. Samples were analysed for key urban pollutants of concern, namely total suspended solids and total and dissolved copper and zinc. Results showed uncoated zinc-based roofs produced zinc concentrations (up to 55 mg/L) several orders of magnitude higher than receiving environment water quality guidelines in New Zealand, of which the vast majority was in dissolved form. Even non-metallic roofs with zinc-based guttering produced zinc concentrations over ten times higher than the same roof material without zinc-based guttering. Older zinc-based roofs had approximately five times higher zinc concentrations, demonstrating a substantial age effect on the untreated runoff quality. Similarly, copper roofs produced more than an order of magnitude higher copper concentrations (up to 7.8 mg/L) above the next highest copper-producing surfaces: higher trafficked roads and carparks. Regardless of traffic volume or function, all roads and carparks produced high TSS concentrations. Dissolved metal concentrations were high across the dataset confirming that metal partitioning is an important consideration for effective pollutant control as different removal processes need to be used for dissolved versus particulate metals. This dataset provides an important benchmark of untreated runoff quality across different impermeable surface types within the same geographical area and clearly shows the influence of surface characteristics on water quality runoff regardless of the local differences in land use. These findings provide valuable guidance to stormwater managers in identifying priority surfaces and selection of appropriate treatment strategies for effective stormwater management for total suspended solids, zinc and copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances J Charters
- Department of Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
| | - Thomas A Cochrane
- Department of Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
| | - Aisling D O'Sullivan
- Department of Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
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22
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Angiro C, Abila PP, Omara T. Effects of industrial effluents on the quality of water in Namanve stream, Kampala Industrial and Business Park, Uganda. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:220. [PMID: 32299487 PMCID: PMC7164339 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Kampala Industrial and Business Park (KIBP) is one of the premier and the most successful Ugandan industrial complexes that impact the inner Murchison bay of Lake Victoria. The current study aimed at evaluating the effect of industrial effluents on the physicochemical and microbiological quality of water taken from four different sites along Namanve stream in KIBP, Wakiso district, Uganda. Results All the water quality parameters were below WHO maximum permissible limits except turbidity, electrical conductivity and Escherichia coli count. Mean values of the monitored water quality parameters increased from the point of effluent discharge downstream of Namanve stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Angiro
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyambogo University, P. O. Box 1, Kyambogo, Kampala, Uganda.,National Livestock Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), P. O. Box 5704, Nakyesasa, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Patrick P'Odyek Abila
- National Livestock Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), P. O. Box 5704, Nakyesasa, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Timothy Omara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Biological and Physical Sciences, Moi University, Uasin Gishu County, P.O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya. .,Department of Quality Control and Quality Assurance, Product Development Directory, AgroWays Uganda Limited, Plot 34-60, Kyabazinga Way, P.O. Box 1924, Jinja, Uganda. .,Africa Center of Excellence II in Phytochemicals, Textiles and Renewable Energy (ACE II PTRE), Moi University, Uasin Gishu County, P.O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya.
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23
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Yustika RD, Somura H, Yuwono SB, Arifin B, Ismono H, Masunaga T. Assessment of soil erosion in social forest-dominated watersheds in Lampung, Indonesia. Environ Monit Assess 2019; 191:726. [PMID: 31701315 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7890-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Social forestry policies grant local communities the right to access protected forest areas contingent upon certain governmental criteria. However, the adoption of social forestry is known to alter land-cover patterns and promote soil erosion. This study assessed the water quality of Sekampung Hulu and Sangharus Rivers in Lampung, Indonesia, based on their total suspended solid (TSS) concentrations. Subsequently, the extent of soil erosion in the two watersheds was determined, and best management practices (BMPs) were recommended for the study area. Water sampling was conducted in 2016 to estimate TSS levels in the two watersheds. Additionally, the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) was integrated with an ArcGIS model to evaluate soil erosion in the watersheds. The results indicated that TSS concentrations in the Sekampung Hulu and Sangharus Rivers ranged from 36-813 mg L-1 and 16-146 mg L-1, respectively. Further, the average soil erosion rates in the Sekampung Hulu and Sangharus watersheds were 12.5 Mg ha-1 year-1 and 5.6 Mg ha-1 year-1, respectively. The results indicated that young coffee trees increased soil erosion rates, especially in areas characterized by vulnerable soil. The USLE results concurred with the TSS analysis and indicated higher erosion rates for the Sekampung Hulu watershed than the Sangharus watershed. The application of BMPs, including conversion to agroforestry coffee, cover crops, and contour systems, was effective in reducing soil erosion in both the Sekampung Hulu and Sangharus watersheds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmah Dewi Yustika
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori, 680-8550, Japan
- Indonesian Soil Research Institute, Jalan Tentara Pelajar No. 12, Bogor, 16114, Indonesia
| | - Hiroaki Somura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Slamet Budi Yuwono
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung, Jl. Prof. Dr. Sumantri Brojonegoro No. 1, Bandar Lampung, 35145, Indonesia
| | - Bustanul Arifin
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung, Jl. Prof. Dr. Sumantri Brojonegoro No. 1, Bandar Lampung, 35145, Indonesia
| | - Hanung Ismono
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung, Jl. Prof. Dr. Sumantri Brojonegoro No. 1, Bandar Lampung, 35145, Indonesia
| | - Tsugiyuki Masunaga
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
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Taghipour M, Tolouei S, Autixier L, Prévost M, Shakibaeinia A, Dorner S. Normalized dynamic behavior of combined sewer overflow discharges for source water characterization and management. J Environ Manage 2019; 249:109386. [PMID: 31421478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As one of the major sources of surface water quality impairments, Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) are of concern when receiving waters are used for drinking water supplies. Given the large number and variability in CSO discharges and loads, there is a need for a general methodology for estimating discharges for environmental planning and source water protection. Detailed data on CSO flowrates, contaminant concentrations including Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Escherichia coli (E. coli), caffeine (CAF) and acetaminophen (ACE) were used to develop a simple loading model that was then verified using discharge and concentration data from other CSO and stormwater events in the literature. The variability of the parameters within each event was analyzed by normalizing flowrate, concentration and event duration to their respective peak values. The normalized flowrate data indicate that the second decile of the discharge periods was associated with peak flowrates. The dynamic behavior of CSO flowrates can be characterized by a linearly increasing trend and then a logarithmically decreasing trend in terms of normalized values. The samples captured during the first decile of the events were illustrated to be a better representation of peak concentrations of all four contaminants. By analyzing the discharge period in three sections (i.e. 1st decile, 2nd decile and remainder), a semi-probabilistic CSO loading model is proposed for the entire discharge period taking into account the variability of the phenomena. Findings can help water managers and utilities to characterize their source waters for better planning and to more efficiently design sampling campaigns for capturing peak concentrations at drinking water treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Taghipour
- Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P.6079, Station Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3A7, Canada.
| | - Samira Tolouei
- Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P.6079, Station Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3A7, Canada; NSERC Industrial Chair on Drinking Water. Polytechnique Montréal, P.O. Box. 6079, Station Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Laurène Autixier
- Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P.6079, Station Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Michèle Prévost
- Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P.6079, Station Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3A7, Canada; NSERC Industrial Chair on Drinking Water. Polytechnique Montréal, P.O. Box. 6079, Station Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Ahmad Shakibaeinia
- Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P.6079, Station Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Sarah Dorner
- Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P.6079, Station Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3A7, Canada
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25
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Qiao G, Zhang M, Li Y, Xu C, Xu DH, Zhao Z, Zhang J, Li Q. Biofloc technology (BFT): An alternative aquaculture system for prevention of Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 infection in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 83:140-147. [PMID: 30205203 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio), a major aquaculture species in China, has emerged in a seriously epizootic disease caused by Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2). There are no effective methods to prevent or control this serious disease. Biofloc technology (BFT) can improve water quality, reduce pathogens introduction, enhance cultured species immunity and disease resistance. In this study, a 30-day experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of BFT on innate immune response and disease resistance of gibel carp against CyHV-2 infection. Gibel carp was cultured at different total suspended solid (TSS) concentrations of 10, 300, 600, 800 and 1000 mg L-1, which were named as groups BF0, BF300, BF600, BF800 and BF1000. Results showed that fish in groups BF600/800 had significantly higher weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) than them in control group (BF0). The transcriptional levels of seven immune-related genes in BF300/600/800 groups, including myeloid-specific- peroxidase (MPO), keratin 8 (KRT 8), dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP 1), interleukin-11 (IL-11), intelectin (ITLN), purine nucleoside phosphorylase 5α (PNP 5α) and c-type lysozyme (c-lys), were up-regulated significantly compared to BF0 group. Furthermore, cumulative mortality of gibel carp in BF600 group after being challenged with CyHV-2 reduced significantly. In vivo viral replication in kidney demonstrated that CyHV-2 load at 168 h post injection in BF600 group was significantly higher than that in BF0 group. In conclusion, BFT could improve growth, immune response and disease resistance of gibel carp, and the effect was related with TSS concentration. The optimal TSS concentration of 600-800 mg L-1 was recommended in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Qiao
- Department of Marine Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Marine Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Marine Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Marine Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - De-Hai Xu
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, 990 Wire Road, Auburn, AL, 36832, USA
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, Province Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jialin Zhang
- Department of Marine Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Marine Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China.
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26
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Birch GF, Lee SB. Baseline physio-chemical characteristics of Sydney estuary water under quiescent conditions. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 137:370-381. [PMID: 30503446 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The current study establishes baseline water quality properties for Sydney estuary, Australia for long periods of quiescence, which characterize the region. The study was undertaken in response to numerous requests for such data by researchers, government agencies and contractors. During quiescent periods, the range in Secchi depth transparency, turbidity, salinity and total suspended solid (TSS) values was 0.3-5.3 m, 18.6-0.1 NTU, 26.4-35.3 PSU and 8.3-1.0 mg/L in the upper and lower estuary, respectively. Baseline particulate metal concentrations were high, however TSS metal mass was greater during high rainfall. Tables and GIS-based maps allow baseline physio-chemical values to be extracted from the database for any location in Sydney estuary for quiescent conditions. Strong inter-parameter baseline relationships enable interpolation between water quality data. Baseline physio-chemical values were used to assess the impact of a high-precipitation event to demonstrate the utility of the new database.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Birch
- School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - S B Lee
- School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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27
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Gurung SB, Geronimo FK, Hong J, Kim LH. Application of indices to evaluate LID facilities for sediment and heavy metal removal. Chemosphere 2018; 206:693-700. [PMID: 29783054 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal and sediments transported from the urban catchment are the prime interest among researchers these days due to its toxic behaviour and hazardous effect on the animals, plants and human. The inflow from urban catchments and outflow from the Low impact development technologies (LID) were evaluated using different types of indices. Indices like fd, fp and Kd showed that heavy metals like Pb, Cd and Ni were dominantly observed in the dissolved form. These metals possess higher threat to the water bodies receiving urban runoff without any treatments. The state of heavy metal was highly dependent on the particle size which was directly affected by the TSS EMC in urban area. The indices like fd, fp and Kd were good enough to understand the behaviour, nature and state of metal in urban inflow and outflow from the system. On the other hand, calculated MPI and PERI indices showed that runoff from urban areas without any treatment bare very strong risk to the environment. LID technologies were found to be the better option in reducing the risk of urban areas to the receiving water bodies. These indices could be valuable for the decision making before the selection of applicable LID types, plants and filter media. Furthermore, indices like these can be devised to measure the impact of LID system to the environment as well as the decision making tool before discharge of outflow to the nearby streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sher Bahadur Gurung
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kongju National University, 275 Budaedong, Cheonan, Chungnamdo, 31080, South Korea
| | - Franz Kevin Geronimo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kongju National University, 275 Budaedong, Cheonan, Chungnamdo, 31080, South Korea
| | - Jungsun Hong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kongju National University, 275 Budaedong, Cheonan, Chungnamdo, 31080, South Korea
| | - Lee-Hyung Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kongju National University, 275 Budaedong, Cheonan, Chungnamdo, 31080, South Korea.
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Isidro CM, McIntyre N, Lechner AM, Callow I. Quantifying suspended solids in small rivers using satellite data. Sci Total Environ 2018; 634:1554-1562. [PMID: 29710653 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The management of suspended solids and associated contaminants in rivers requires knowledge of sediment sources. In-situ sampling can only describe the integrated impact of the upstream sources. Empirical models that use surface reflectance from satellite images to estimate total suspended solid (TSS) concentrations can be used to supplement measurements and provide spatially continuous maps. However, there are few examples, especially in narrow, shallow and hydrologically dynamic rivers found in mountainous areas. A case study of the Didipio catchment in Philippines was used to address these issues. Four 5-m resolution RapidEye images, from between the years 2014 and 2016, and near-simultaneous ground measurements of TSS concentrations were used to develop a power law model that approximates the relationship between TSS and reflectance for each of four spectral bands. A second dataset using two 2-m resolution Pleiades-1A and a third using a 6-m resolution SPOT-6 image along with ground-based measurements, were consistent with the model when using the red band data. Using that model, encompassing data from all three datasets, gave an R2 value of 65% and a root mean square error of 519mgL-1. A linear relationship between reflectance and TSS exists from 1mgL-1 to approximately 500mgL-1. In contrast, for TSS measurements between 500mgL-1 and 3580mgL-1 reflectance increases at a generally lower and more variable rate. The results were not sensitive to changing the pixel location within the vicinity of the ground sampling location. The model was used to generate a continuous map of TSS concentration within the catchment. Further ground-based measurements including TSS concentrations that are higher than 3580mgL-1 would allow the model to be developed and applied more confidently over the full relevant range of TSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celso M Isidro
- Centre for Water in the Minerals Industry, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia Campus, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Neil McIntyre
- Centre for Water in the Minerals Industry, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia Campus, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alex M Lechner
- Centre for Water in the Minerals Industry, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia Campus, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia
| | - Ian Callow
- Centre for Water in the Minerals Industry, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia Campus, QLD 4072, Australia; Rio Tinto Limited, 123 Albert St., Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia
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29
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Wilson AE, Chislock MF, Yang Z, Barros MUG, Roberts JF. Pond bank access as an approach for managing toxic cyanobacteria in beef cattle pasture drinking water ponds. Environ Monit Assess 2018; 190:247. [PMID: 29574498 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6595-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Forty-one livestock drinking water ponds in Alabama beef cattle pastures during were surveyed during the late summer to generally understand water quality patterns in these important water resources. Since livestock drinking water ponds are prone to excess nutrients that typically lead to eutrophication, which can promote blooms of toxigenic phytoplankton such as cyanobacteria, we also assessed the threat of exposure to the hepatotoxin, microcystin. Eighty percent of the ponds studied contained measurable microcystin, while three of these ponds had concentrations above human drinking water thresholds set by the US Environmental Protection Agency (i.e., 0.3 μg/L). Water quality patterns in the livestock drinking water ponds contrasted sharply with patterns typically observed for temperate freshwater lakes and reservoirs. Namely, we found several non-linear relationships between phytoplankton abundance (measured as chlorophyll) and nutrients or total suspended solids. Livestock had direct access to all the study ponds. Consequently, the proportion of inorganic suspended solids (e.g., sediment) increased with higher concentrations of total suspended solids, which underlies these patterns. Unimodal relationships were also observed between microcystin and phytoplankton abundance or nutrients. Euglenoids were abundant in the four ponds with chlorophyll concentrations > 250 μg/L (and dominated three of these ponds), which could explain why ponds with high chlorophyll concentrations would have low microcystin concentrations. Based on observations made during sampling events and available water quality data, livestock-mediated bioturbation is causing elevated total suspended solids that lead to reduced phytoplankton abundance and microcystin despite high concentrations of nutrients, such as phosphorus and nitrogen. Thus, livestock could be used to manage algal blooms, including toxic secondary metabolites, in their drinking water ponds by allowing them to walk in the ponds to increase turbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan E Wilson
- Auburn University, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
| | - Michael F Chislock
- Auburn University, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecology, The College at Brockport - State University of New York, Brockport, New York, 14559, USA
| | - Zhen Yang
- Auburn University, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Mário U G Barros
- Auburn University, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - John F Roberts
- Alabama Department of Agriculture and Industries, Thompson Bishop Sparks State Diagnostic Laboratory, Auburn, AL, 36832, USA
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30
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Wang Q, Zhang Q, Dzakpasu M, Lian B, Wu Y, Wang XC. Development of an indicator for characterizing particle size distribution and quality of stormwater runoff. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:7991-8001. [PMID: 29302912 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Stormwater particles washed from road-deposited sediments (RDS) are traditionally characterized as either turbidity or total suspended solids (TSS). Although these parameters are influenced by particle sizes, neither of them characterizes the particle size distribution (PSD), which is of great importance in pollutant entrainment and treatment performance. Therefore, the ratio of turbidity to TSS (Tur/TSS) is proposed and validated as a potential surrogate for the bulk PSD and quality of stormwater runoff. The results show an increasing trend of Tur/TSS with finer sizes of both RDS and stormwater runoff. Taking heavy metals (HMs, including Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, and Ni) as typical pollutants in stormwater runoff, the concentrations (mg/kg) were found to vary significantly during rainfall events and tended to increase significantly with Tur/TSS. Therefore, Tur/TSS is a valid parameter to characterize the PSD and quality of stormwater. The high negative correlations between Tur/TSS and rainfall intensity demonstrate that stormwater with higher Tur/TSS generates under low intensity and, thus, characterizes small volume, finer sizes, weak settleability, greater mobility, and bioavailability. Conversely, stormwater with lower Tur/TSS generates under high intensity and, thus, characterizes large volume, coarser sizes, good settleability, low mobility, and bioavailability. These results highlight the need to control stormwater with high Tur/TSS. Moreover, Tur/TSS can aid the selection of stormwater control measures with appropriate detention storage, pollution loading, and removal effectiveness of particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Qionghua Zhang
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Mawuli Dzakpasu
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Bin Lian
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Yaketon Wu
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an, 710055, China.
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31
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Xu Z, Xu YJ. Assessing effectiveness of long-term forestry best management practices on stream water quality at a basin scale-a case study in Southern USA. Environ Monit Assess 2018; 190:108. [PMID: 29392426 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Forestry best management practices (BMPs) have proven to be very effective in protecting adjacent stream water quality at the plot scale. However, our knowledge is incomplete about the effectiveness of forestry BMPs in large watersheds where industrial forests are intensively managed. In this study, we compared long-term concentrations and loadings of total suspended solids (TSS), nitrate/nitrite nitrogen (NO3NO2-N), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and total phosphorus (TP) before (1978-1988) and after extensive implementation of forestry BMPs (1994-2008) at the outlet of a 5000-km2 river basin that is predominately covered by intensively managed pine forests in Central Louisiana, USA. Our study shows that after extensive BMP implementation, both concentrations and loads of TSS in the basin outlet decreased significantly from 34 to 25 mg L-1 and from 55,000 to 36,700 t year-1, respectively. However, no significant difference was found in NO3NO2-N, TKN, and TP concentrations between the two periods. The results of nutrient loadings varied, whereby the annual nitrogen loading declined without significant differences (from 1790 to 1600 t year-1 for TKN and from 176 to 158 t year-1 for NO3NO2-N, respectively) but the annual TP loading increased significantly (from 152 to 192 t year-1) after BMP implementation. The increase in TP loading is likely due to an increased application of phosphorus fertilizer, which offset BMPs' effects especially during high-flow conditions. These results strongly suggest that current forestry BMPs in this region are effective in reducing sediment loading, but current BMP guidelines for fertilization and nutrient management need to be reviewed and improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xu
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Y Jun Xu
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
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32
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Chapman PM, Hayward A, Faithful J. Total Suspended Solids Effects on Freshwater Lake Biota Other than Fish. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2017; 99:423-427. [PMID: 28819770 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Protective benchmarks for the effects of total suspended solids (TSS) on freshwater aquatic biota primarily focus on fish; whether these benchmarks will also protect their prey or co-existing lower trophic level aquatic biota was uncertain. We conducted an extensive literature review of TSS effects on those organisms comprising the food webs upon which fish living in lakes depend: phytoplankton, zooplankton, periphyton, and benthic invertebrates. The available literature indicates that TSS benchmarks that protect sensitive life stages of lake fish will also protect their supporting food webs; in other words, the function of lake aquatic communities will be protected and maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Chapman
- Chapema Environmental Strategies Ltd, 1324 West 22nd Street, North Vancouver, BC, V7P 2G4, Canada.
| | - April Hayward
- Dominion Diamond Ekati Corporation, 900-606 4th Street SW, Calgary, AB, T2P 1T1, Canada
| | - John Faithful
- Golder Associates Ltd., #102 2535 3rd Avenue SE, Calgary, AB, T2A 7W5, Canada
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33
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Carbone M, Penna N, Piro P. Comparison of mathematical methods for the evaluation of wastewater settleability by settling column tests. Environ Technol 2017; 38:671-681. [PMID: 27373346 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1208277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM), which may serve as a vector of pollutants in both natural and human-impacted waters, is of primary interest in water quality studies, particularly for those conducted in urban areas. Separating solids from the liquid phase is one of the main goals of water treatment practices. Above all, the settling process is the most commonly used for this purpose. Generally, settling column tests are used in the laboratory to assess the total PM removal. Besides the traditional graphical method used for the interpretation of the laboratory results, other mathematical methods were developed - with the goal of simplifying the settling efficiency evaluation procedure and making it less subjective. To make a contribution in that direction, a study based on the comparison of four different mathematical methods for estimating PM removal efficiencies was conducted. The analysis was carried out on 15 samples of wastewater and showed that only two methods gave satisfactory results, and only one of them was physically based. Consequently, it is recommended to assess the overall PM removal, Etot, by a monoparametric exponential function, depending on the settling time (t) and on the first-order decay coefficient (k).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Carbone
- a Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile , Università della Calabria , Rende ( CS ), Italy
| | - Nadia Penna
- a Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile , Università della Calabria , Rende ( CS ), Italy
| | - Patrizia Piro
- a Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile , Università della Calabria , Rende ( CS ), Italy
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Kreiling RM, Houser JN. Long-term decreases in phosphorus and suspended solids, but not nitrogen, in six upper Mississippi River tributaries, 1991-2014. Environ Monit Assess 2016; 188:454. [PMID: 27393194 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5464-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Long-term trends in tributaries provide valuable information about temporal changes in inputs of nutrients and sediments to large rivers. Data collected from 1991 to 2014 were used to investigate trends in total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), nitrate (NO3-N), soluble-reactive P (SRP), and total suspended solids (TSS) in the following six tributaries of the upper Mississippi River: Cannon (CaR; Minnesota (MN)), Maquoketa (MR; Iowa (IA)), Wapsipinicon (WR; IA), Cuivre (CuR; Missouri (MO)), Chippewa (ChR; Wisconsin (WI)), and Black (BR; WI) rivers. Weighted regression on time discharge and season was used to statistically remove effects of random variation in discharge from estimated trends in flow-normalized concentrations and flux. Concentration and flux of TSS declined in all six rivers. Concentration of P declined in four of the rivers, and P flux declined in five rivers. Concentration and flux of N exhibited small changes relative to TP. TN concentration and flux did not change substantially in four of the rivers and decreased in two (ChR, CuR). Nitrate concentration and flux increased in three rivers (ChR, BR, CaR) and remained relatively constant in the other three rivers. General declines in P and TSS suggest that improvements in agricultural land management, such as the adoption of conservation tillage and enrollment of vulnerable acreage into the Conservation Reserve Program, may have reduced surface runoff; similar reductions in N were not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Kreiling
- US Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, WI, 54603, USA.
| | - Jeffrey N Houser
- US Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, WI, 54603, USA
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35
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Rosado-Berrios CA, Bouldin JL. Turbidity and Total Suspended Solids on the Lower Cache River Watershed, AR. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2016; 96:738-743. [PMID: 27073112 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1793-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Cache River Watershed (CRW) in Arkansas is part of one of the largest remaining bottomland hardwood forests in the US. Although wetlands are known to improve water quality, the Cache River is listed as impaired due to sedimentation and turbidity. This study measured turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS) in seven sites of the lower CRW; six sites were located on the Bayou DeView tributary of the Cache River. Turbidity and TSS levels ranged from 1.21 to 896 NTU, and 0.17 to 386.33 mg/L respectively and had an increasing trend over the 3-year study. However, a decreasing trend from upstream to downstream in the Bayou DeView tributary was noted. Sediment loading calculated from high precipitation events and mean TSS values indicate that contributions from the Cache River main channel was approximately 6.6 times greater than contributions from Bayou DeView. Land use surrounding this river channel affects water quality as wetlands provide a filter for sediments in the Bayou DeView channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Rosado-Berrios
- Ecotoxicology Research Facility, Arkansas State University, P.O. Box 847, State University, AR, 72467, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Bouldin
- Ecotoxicology Research Facility, Arkansas State University, P.O. Box 847, State University, AR, 72467, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, P.O. Box 599, State University, AR, 72467, USA
- Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, P.O. Box 2340, State University, AR, 72467, USA
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36
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Charters FJ, Cochrane TA, O'Sullivan AD. Untreated runoff quality from roof and road surfaces in a low intensity rainfall climate. Sci Total Environ 2016; 550:265-272. [PMID: 26820930 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Sediment and heavy metals in stormwater runoff are key pollutants of urban waterways, and their presence in stormwater is driven by climatic factors such as rainfall intensity. This study describes the total suspended solids (TSS) and heavy metal concentrations found in runoff from four different urban surfaces within a residential/institutional catchment, in a climate where rainfall is typically of low intensity (<5.1mm·h(-1)). The results were compared to untreated runoff quality from a compilation of international studies. The road runoff had the highest TSS concentrations, while copper and galvanized roof runoff had the highest copper and zinc concentrations, respectively. Pollutant concentrations were found to be significantly different between surfaces; quantification and prediction of pollutant contributions from urban surfaces should thus take account of the different surface materials, instead of being aggregated into more generalized categories such as land use. The TSS and heavy metal concentrations were found to be at the low to medium end of ranges observed internationally, except for total copper and zinc concentrations generated by dissolution of copper and galvanized roofing material respectively; these concentrations were at least as high as those reported internationally. TSS wash-off from the roofs was seen to be a source-limited process, where all available TSS is washed off during the rain event despite the low intensity rainfall, whereas both road TSS and heavy metals wash-off from roof and road surfaces appeared to all be transport-limited and therefore some carryover of pollutants occurs between rain events. A first flush effect was seen from most surfaces for TSS, but not for heavy metals. This study demonstrates that in low intensity rainfall climates, quantification of untreated runoff quality from key individual surface types in a catchment are needed to enable development of targeted and appropriately sized stormwater treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances J Charters
- Department of Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
| | - Thomas A Cochrane
- Department of Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
| | - Aisling D O'Sullivan
- Department of Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
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37
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Brito RS, Pinheiro HM, Ferreira F, Matos JS, Pinheiro A, Lourenço ND. Calibration Transfer Between a Bench Scanning and a Submersible Diode Array Spectrophotometer for In Situ Wastewater Quality Monitoring in Sewer Systems. Appl Spectrosc 2016; 70:443-454. [PMID: 26798079 DOI: 10.1177/0003702815626668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Online monitoring programs based on spectroscopy have a high application potential for the detection of hazardous wastewater discharges in sewer systems. Wastewater hydraulics poses a challenge for in situ spectroscopy, especially when the system includes storm water connections leading to rapid changes in water depth, velocity, and in the water quality matrix. Thus, there is a need to optimize and fix the location of in situ instruments, limiting their availability for calibration. In this context, the development of calibration models on bench spectrophotometers to estimate wastewater quality parameters from spectra acquired with in situ instruments could be very useful. However, spectra contain information not only from the samples, but also from the spectrophotometer generally invalidating this approach. The use of calibration transfer methods is a promising solution to this problem. In this study, calibration models were developed using interval partial least squares (iPLS), for the estimation of total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in sewage from Ultraviolet-visible spectra acquired in a bench scanning spectrophotometer. The feasibility of calibration transfer to a submersible, diode array equipment, to be subsequently operated in situ, was assessed using three procedures: slope and bias correction (SBC); single wavelength standardization (SWS) on mean spectra; and local centering (LC). The results showed that SBC was the most adequate for the available data, adding insignificant error to the base model estimates. Single wavelength standardization was a close second best, potentially more robust, and independent of the base iPLS model. Local centering was shown to be inadequate for the samples and instruments used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita S Brito
- Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helena M Pinheiro
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipa Ferreira
- Centre for Hydrosystems Research (CEHIDRO), Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Georesources, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José S Matos
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Pinheiro
- Centre for Hydrosystems Research (CEHIDRO), Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Georesources, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nídia D Lourenço
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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38
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Kang J, King SE, McLaughlin RA. Flocculated sediments can reduce the size of sediment basin at construction sites. J Environ Manage 2016; 166:450-456. [PMID: 26555101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to stringent water quality regulations on stormwater discharges, there is increasing interest in chemically-assisted settling of suspended sediments at construction sites. This study investigated settling characteristics of flocculated sediment by polyacrylamide (PAM) in a top-loading settling tube. Studied sediment materials were obtained from construction sites in North Carolina, USA: Coastal Plain loamy sand (CPLS), Piedmont sandy clay loam (PSCL), Piedmont silt loam (PSL), and Mountain clay loam (MCL). The four different sediment suspensions mixed with and without dissolved PAM were introduced to the top of the column individually. During a 1-h settling period, samples were taken at 1-m depth from surface at various times and analyzed for total suspended solids (TSS). Flocculated sediment by PAM greatly increased its settled TSS fraction up to 95-97% only in 1-min settling period compared to those of unflocculated sediment (16-72%). The settling improvement by PAM was profound in the finer-textured soils (PSL and MCL) by increasing their median particle settling velocity (>2 cm s(-1)) compared to unflocculated counterparts (<1.1 cm s(-1)). Estimated surface area requirement of sediment basin suggested that the basins receiving flocculated sediment could be reduced in size (surface area) by 2- to 4-times compared to those receiving unflocculated sediment. Our results suggests that current sediment basin design could be modified when chemically-assisted settling is implemented, taking up less space and cost in construction sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Kang
- Environmental and Earth Sciences Program, School of Multidisciplinary Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, United States.
| | - Scott E King
- Michael Baker Engineering, Inc., Cary, NC 27518, United States
| | - Richard A McLaughlin
- Department of Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
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Brown RK, Harnisch F, Dockhorn T, Schröder U. Examining sludge production in bioelectrochemical systems treating domestic wastewater. Bioresour Technol 2015; 198:913-7. [PMID: 26442641 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sludge production in microbial bioelectrochemical systems (BES) was assessed in conjunction with anaerobic and aerobic control reactors. Effluent after primary settling tank (EAPS) and depleted EAPS spiked with acetate were treated. The reactors were loaded with total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) at average loading rates of 22 mg TSS d(-1)L(-1) and 86 mg COD d(-1)L(-1), respectively. Carbon cloth anode equipped BES reactors delivered the highest performance. They achieved on average a COD removal of 80%, a Coulomb efficiency of 77% for EAPS, a maximum current density of 39 μA cm(-)(3)/175 μA cm(-)(2) for EAPS and a TSS removal of 59%, yielding a sludge production of only 80 mg TSS per g ΔCOD. This study provides further evidence that BES can improve the economics of wastewater treatment via lower sludge production as well as providing a framework for understanding sludge production in BES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Keith Brown
- Institute of Environmental and Sustainable Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Falk Harnisch
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Dockhorn
- Institute of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Pockelsstr. 2a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Uwe Schröder
- Institute of Environmental and Sustainable Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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40
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Imen S, Chang NB, Yang YJ. Developing the remote sensing-based early warning system for monitoring TSS concentrations in Lake Mead. J Environ Manage 2015; 160:73-89. [PMID: 26093101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Adjustment of the water treatment process to changes in water quality is a focus area for engineers and managers of water treatment plants. The desired and preferred capability depends on timely and quantitative knowledge of water quality monitoring in terms of total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations. This paper presents the development of a suite of nowcasting and forecasting methods by using high-resolution remote-sensing-based monitoring techniques on a daily basis. First, the integrated data fusion and mining (IDFM) technique was applied to develop a near real-time monitoring system for daily nowcasting of the TSS concentrations. Then a nonlinear autoregressive neural network with external input (NARXNET) model was selected and applied for forecasting analysis of the changes in TSS concentrations over time on a rolling basis onward using the IDFM technique. The implementation of such an integrated forecasting and nowcasting approach was assessed by a case study at Lake Mead hosting the water intake for Las Vegas, Nevada, in the water-stressed western U.S. Long-term monthly averaged results showed no simultaneous impact from forest fire events on accelerating the rise of TSS concentration. However, the results showed a probable impact of a decade of drought on increasing TSS concentration in the Colorado River Arm and Overton Arm. Results of the forecasting model highlight the reservoir water level as a significant parameter in predicting TSS in Lake Mead. In addition, the R-squared value of 0.98 and the root mean square error of 0.5 between the observed and predicted TSS values demonstrates the reliability and application potential of this remote sensing-based early warning system in terms of TSS projections at a drinking water intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Imen
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Ni-Bin Chang
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
| | - Y Jeffrey Yang
- U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Water Supply and Water Resources Division, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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41
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Edge KJ, Dafforn KA, Simpson SL, Ringwood AH, Johnston EL. Resuspended contaminated sediments cause sublethal stress to oysters: A biomarker differentiates total suspended solids and contaminant effects. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015; 34:1345-53. [PMID: 25677686 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Resuspended contaminated sediments represent an important route of contaminant exposure for aquatic organisms. During resuspension events, filter-feeding organisms are exposed to contaminants, in both the dissolved form (at the gills) and the particulate form (in the digestive system). In addition, these organisms must manage the physical stress associated with an increase in total suspended solids (TSS). To date, few studies have experimentally compared the contributions to biological stress of contaminated and clean suspended solids. The authors mixed field-collected sediments (<63 μm) from clean and contaminated field sites to create 4 treatments of increasing metal concentrations. Sydney rock oysters were then exposed to sediment treatments at different TSS concentrations for 4 d, and cellular biomarkers (lysosomal membrane stability, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione) were measured to evaluate sublethal toxicity. Lysosomal membrane stability was the most sensitive biomarker for distinguishing effects from resuspended contaminated sediments, as increasing amounts of contaminated TSS increased lysosomal membrane destabilization. The authors' results illustrate the importance of considering contaminant exposures from resuspended sediments when assessing the toxicity of contaminants to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn J Edge
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katherine A Dafforn
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stuart L Simpson
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Land and Water, Kirrawee, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amy H Ringwood
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Emma L Johnston
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
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42
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Rügner H, Schwientek M, Egner M, Grathwohl P. Monitoring of event-based mobilization of hydrophobic pollutants in rivers: calibration of turbidity as a proxy for particle facilitated transport in field and laboratory. Sci Total Environ 2014; 490:191-198. [PMID: 24858216 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Transport of many pollutants in rivers is coupled to mobilization of suspended particles which typically occurs during floods. Since the amount of total suspended solids (TSS) in rivers can be monitored by turbidity measurements this may be used as a proxy for the total concentration of particle associated pollutants such as PAHs, PCBs, etc. and several heavy metals. Online turbidity measurements (e.g. by optical backscattering sensors) would then also allow for an assessment of particle and pollutant flux dynamics if once calibrated against TSS and total pollutant concentrations for a given catchment. In this study, distinct flood and thus turbidity events were sampled at high temporal resolution in three contrasting sub-catchments of the River Neckar in Southwest Germany (Ammer, Goldersbach, Steinlach) as well as in the River Neckar itself and investigated for the total amount of PAHs and TSS in water; turbidity (NTU) and grain size distributions of suspended solids were determined as well. Laboratory experiments were performed with natural river bed sediments from different locations (Ammer) to investigate PAH concentrations, TSS and turbidity during sedimentation of suspended particles under controlled conditions (yielding smaller and smaller suspended particles and TSS with time). Laboratory and field results agreed very well and showed that turbidity and TSS were linearly correlated over an extended turbidity range up to 2000 NTU for the field samples and up to 8000 NTU in lab experiments. This also holds for total PAH concentrations which can be reasonably well predicted based on turbidity measurements and TSS vs. PAHs relationships - even for high turbidity values observed during flood events (>2000 NTU). Total PAH concentrations on suspended solids were independent of grain size of suspended particles. This implies that for the rivers investigated the sorption capacity of particles did not change significantly during the observed events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Rügner
- Water & Earth System Science (WESS) Competence Cluster, c/o Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Marc Schwientek
- Water & Earth System Science (WESS) Competence Cluster, c/o Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marius Egner
- Center of Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Grathwohl
- Water & Earth System Science (WESS) Competence Cluster, c/o Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; Center of Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
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Capello M, Cutroneo L, Ferranti MP, Budillon G, Bertolotto RM, Ciappa A, Cotroneo Y, Castellano M, Povero P, Tucci S. Simulations of dredged sediment spreading on a Posidonia oceanica meadow off the Ligurian coast, Northwestern Mediterranean. Mar Pollut Bull 2014; 79:196-204. [PMID: 24369883 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The sandy deposits from dredging can have negative effects on the environment such as increase in suspended solids in the water column and their consequent transport. An experimental study was conducted to characterize water masses, dynamics, and sedimentation rates on the Ligurian continental shelf (Italy), where both a sand deposit, that could be used for beach nourishment, and a nearby Posidonia oceanica meadow coexist. The environmental plan provides a mathematical simulation of the sediment-dispersion to evaluate the possible impact on the meadow. It has been calculated that the dredging could double the concentration of suspended particles, but its scheduling will preclude a sediment accumulation. All the information obtained from this work will be used to study the environmental feasibility of the sand deposit exploitation and as starting point for drawing up the monitoring plan in case of dredging.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Capello
- DISTAV, University of Genoa, 26 Corso Europa, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - L Cutroneo
- DISTAV, University of Genoa, 26 Corso Europa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - M P Ferranti
- DISTAV, University of Genoa, 26 Corso Europa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - G Budillon
- DIST, University of Naples "Parthenope", Centro Direzionale di Napoli, Isola C4, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - R M Bertolotto
- ARPAL, Ligurian Environmental Protection Agency, 8 Via Bombrini, 16149 Genoa, Italy
| | - A Ciappa
- egeos, Earth Observation, 71 Via Cannizzaro, 00156 Rome, Italy
| | - Y Cotroneo
- DIST, University of Naples "Parthenope", Centro Direzionale di Napoli, Isola C4, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - M Castellano
- DISTAV, University of Genoa, 26 Corso Europa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - P Povero
- DISTAV, University of Genoa, 26 Corso Europa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - S Tucci
- DISTAV, University of Genoa, 26 Corso Europa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Ersahin ME, Ozgun H, Tao Y, van Lier JB. Applicability of dynamic membrane technology in anaerobic membrane bioreactors. Water Res 2014; 48:420-429. [PMID: 24156951 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the applicability of dynamic membrane technology in anaerobic membrane bioreactors for the treatment of high strength wastewaters. A monofilament woven fabric was used as support material for dynamic membrane formation. An anaerobic dynamic membrane bioreactor (AnDMBR) was operated under a variety of operational conditions, including different sludge retention times (SRTs) of 20 and 40 days in order to determine the effect of SRT on both biological performance and dynamic membrane filtration characteristics. High COD removal efficiencies exceeding 99% were achieved during the operation at both SRTs. Higher filtration resistances were measured during the operation at SRT of 40 days in comparison to SRT of 20 days, applying a stable flux of 2.6 L/m(2) h. The higher filtration resistances coincided with lower extracellular polymeric substances concentration in the bulk sludge at SRT of 40 days, likely resulting in a decreased particle flocculation. Results showed that dynamic membrane technology achieved a stable and high quality permeate and AnDMBRs can be used as a reliable and satisfactory technology for treatment of high strength wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Evren Ersahin
- Department of Watermanagement, Section Sanitary Engineering, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands; Istanbul Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey.
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Ting SC, Ismail AR, Malek MA. Development of effluent removal prediction model efficiency in septic sludge treatment plant through clonal selection algorithm. J Environ Manage 2013; 129:260-265. [PMID: 23968912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aims at developing a novel effluent removal management tool for septic sludge treatment plants (SSTP) using a clonal selection algorithm (CSA). The proposed CSA articulates the idea of utilizing an artificial immune system (AIS) to identify the behaviour of the SSTP, that is, using a sequence batch reactor (SBR) technology for treatment processes. The novelty of this study is the development of a predictive SSTP model for effluent discharge adopting the human immune system. Septic sludge from the individual septic tanks and package plants will be desuldged and treated in SSTP before discharging the wastewater into a waterway. The Borneo Island of Sarawak is selected as the case study. Currently, there are only two SSTPs in Sarawak, namely the Matang SSTP and the Sibu SSTP, and they are both using SBR technology. Monthly effluent discharges from 2007 to 2011 in the Matang SSTP are used in this study. Cross-validation is performed using data from the Sibu SSTP from April 2011 to July 2012. Both chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) in the effluent were analysed in this study. The model was validated and tested before forecasting the future effluent performance. The CSA-based SSTP model was simulated using MATLAB 7.10. The root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and correction coefficient (R) were used as performance indexes. In this study, it was found that the proposed prediction model was successful up to 84 months for the COD and 109 months for the TSS. In conclusion, the proposed CSA-based SSTP prediction model is indeed beneficial as an engineering tool to forecast the long-run performance of the SSTP and in turn, prevents infringement of future environmental balance in other towns in Sarawak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sie Chun Ting
- Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, IKRAM-UNITEN Road, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Falbo K, Schneider RL, Buckley DH, Walter MT, Bergholz PW, Buchanan BP. Roadside ditches as conduits of fecal indicator organisms and sediment: implications for water quality management. J Environ Manage 2013; 128:1050-1059. [PMID: 23933218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Roadside ditches are ubiquitous, yet their role in water pollution conveyance has largely been ignored, especially for bacteria and sediment. The goal of this study was to determine if roadside ditches are conduits for fecal indicator organisms and sediment, and if land use, specifically manure amendment, affects the concentrations and loadings. Seven roadside ditches in central New York, adjacent to either manure amended fields or predominately forested land, were monitored for one year for Escherichia coli (E. coli), total suspended solids (TSS) and flow. E. coli concentrations in water samples following storms averaged 4616 MPN of E. coli/100 mL. Concentrations reached as high as >241,960 MPN of E. coli/100 mL and frequently exceeded New York State and US EPA recommendations. Concentrations peaked in both summers following manure spreading, with declining levels thereafter. However, viable organisms were detected throughout the year. The concentrations were also high in the forested sites, with possible sources including wildlife, pets, septic wastes and livestock. E. coli concentrations and loadings were related to TSS concentrations and loadings, whether manure had been spread in the last 30 days and for concentrations only, antecedent rainfall. Viable E. coli were also present in ditch sediment between storm events and were available for resuspension and transport. Total suspended solids concentrations averaged 0.51 g/L and reached as high as 52.2 g/L. Loads were similarly high, at an average of 631.6 kg/day. Both concentrations and loads tended to be associated with discharge and rainfall parameters. The cumulative pollutant contribution from the ditch network was estimated to be large enough to produce detectable and sometimes high concentrations in a receiving stream in a small, rural watershed. Roadside drainage networks need to be actively managed for water quality improvements, because they capture and rapidly shunt stormwater and associated contaminants to streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Falbo
- Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Bruckner Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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