1
|
Wang Q, Lechtenfeld OJ, Rietveld LC, Schuster J, Ernst M, Hofman-Caris R, Kaesler J, Wang C, Yang M, Yu J, Zietzschmann F. How aromatic dissolved organic matter differs in competitiveness against organic micropollutant adsorption. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 21:100392. [PMID: 38434492 PMCID: PMC10907174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Activated carbon is employed for the adsorption of organic micropollutants (OMPs) from water, typically present in concentrations ranging from ng L-1 to μg L-1. However, the efficacy of OMP removal is considerably deteriorated due to competitive adsorption from background dissolved organic matter (DOM), present at substantially higher concentrations in mg L-1. Interpreting the characteristics of competitive DOM is crucial in predicting OMP adsorption efficiencies across diverse natural waters. Molecular weight (MW), aromaticity, and polarity influence DOM competitiveness. Although the aromaticity-related metrics, such as UV254, of low MW DOM were proposed to correlate with DOM competitiveness, the method suffers from limitations in understanding the interplay of polarity and aromaticity in determining DOM competitiveness. Here, we elucidate the intricate influence of aromaticity and polarity in low MW DOM competition, spanning from a fraction level to a compound level, by employing direct sample injection liquid chromatography coupled with ultrahigh-resolution Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Anion exchange resin pre-treatment eliminated 93% of UV254-active DOM, predominantly aromatic and polar DOM, and only minimally alleviated DOM competition. Molecular characterization revealed that nonpolar molecular formulas (constituting 26% PAC-adsorbable DOM) with medium aromaticity contributed more to the DOM competitiveness. Isomer-level analysis indicated that the competitiveness of highly aromatic LMW DOM compounds was strongly counterbalanced by increased polarity. Strong aromaticity-derived π-π interaction cannot facilitate the competitive adsorption of hydrophilic DOM compounds. Our results underscore the constraints of depending solely on aromaticity-based approaches as the exclusive interpretive measure for DOM competitiveness. In a broader context, this study demonstrates an effect-oriented DOM analysis, elucidating counterbalancing interactions of DOM molecular properties from fraction to compound level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, China
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Water Management, PO Box 5048, 2600, GA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Oliver J. Lechtenfeld
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Research Group BioGeoOmics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research − UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
- ProVIS−Centre for Chemical Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research − UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luuk C. Rietveld
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Water Management, PO Box 5048, 2600, GA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Jonas Schuster
- Institute for Water Resources and Water Supply, Hamburg University of Technology, Am Schwarzenberg-Campus 3, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Ernst
- Institute for Water Resources and Water Supply, Hamburg University of Technology, Am Schwarzenberg-Campus 3, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roberta Hofman-Caris
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, 3433PE, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
- Wageningen University and Research, Department of Environmental Technology, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Kaesler
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Research Group BioGeoOmics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research − UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chunmiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Frederik Zietzschmann
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Water Management, PO Box 5048, 2600, GA, Delft, the Netherlands
- Berliner Wasserbetriebe, Laboratory, Motardstr. 35, 13629, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ajaz S, Aly Hassan A, Michael RN, Leusch FDL. Removal of organic micropollutants in biologically active filters: A systematic quantitative review of key influencing factors. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 353:120203. [PMID: 38325285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Biofiltration utilizes natural mechanisms including biodegradation and biotransformation along with other physical processes for the removal of organic micropollutants (OMPs) such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides and industrial compounds found in (waste)water. In this systematic review, a total of 120 biofiltration studies from 25 countries were analyzed, considering various biofilter configurations, source water types, biofilter media and scales of operation. The study also provides a bibliometric analysis to identify the emerging research trends in the field. The results show that granular activated carbon (GAC) either alone or in combination with another biofiltration media can remove a broad range of OMPs efficiently. The impact of pre-oxidation on biofilter performance was investigated, revealing that pre-oxidation significantly improved OMP removal and reduced the empty bed contact time (EBCT) needed to achieve a consistently high OMP. Biofiltration with pre-oxidation had median removals ranging between 65% and >90% for various OMPs at 10-45 min EBCT with data variability drastically reducing beyond 20 min EBCT. Biofiltration without pre-oxidation had lower median removals with greater variability. The results demonstrate that pre-oxidation greatly enhances the removal of adsorptive and poorly biodegradable OMPs, while its impact on other OMPs varies. Only 19% of studies we reviewed included toxicity testing of treated effluent, and even fewer measured transformation products. Several studies have previously reported an increase in effluent toxicity because of oxidation, although it was successfully abated by subsequent biofiltration in most cases. Therefore, the efficacy of biofiltration treatment should be assessed by integrating toxicity testing into the assessment of overall removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ajaz
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Parklands Dr, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Ashraf Aly Hassan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, PO Box, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ruby N Michael
- Green Infrastructure Research Labs (GIRLS), Cities Research Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Frederic D L Leusch
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Parklands Dr, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lu J, Su M, Su Y, Fang J, Burch M, Cao T, Wu B, Yu J, Yang M. MIB-derived odor management based upon hydraulic regulation in small drinking water reservoirs: Principle and application. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 244:120485. [PMID: 37611357 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The musty odorant (2-methylisoborneol, MIB) is prevalent in source water reservoirs and has become one of the major challenges for drinking water quality. This study proposes an approach to control the growth of MIB-producing cyanobacteria in a small reservoir based on hydraulic regulation, according to the results of long-term field investigations, laboratory culture experiments, model construction, and field application. Field investigations found that longer hydraulic retention time (HRT) is a factor that triggers MIB episodes. The culture study revealed that the maximum cell density, growth rate of MIB-producing Planktothricoides raciborskii, and MIB concentration are determined by the HRT (R2= 0.94, p-value < 0.001) and can be minimized by decreasing the HRT to less than 10 d. On this basis, an HRT regulation model was constructed and validated by field investigation, and critical HRT values were evaluated for 14 cyanobacteria genera. By decreasing the HRT to 5.4 ± 0.8 d, which is lower than the critical value of 7.5 ∼ 15.0 d, an MIB episode was successfully terminated in ZXD Reservoir in 2021. The results suggest that the proposed principle can provide a scientific basis for HRT regulation, which has been proved to be effective and feasible. This approach avoids negative impacts on water quality, does not require extra investment in engineering infrastructure, and in some cases may be applied readily by changing existing operational procedures. Therefore, HRT-based regulation is a promising strategy targeting MIB control and possibly for other cyanobacterial-derived water quality problems in small reservoirs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ming Su
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yuliang Su
- Zhuhai Water Environment Holdings Group Ltd., Zhuhai 519020, China
| | - Jiao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Michael Burch
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Tengxin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Zhuhai Water Environment Holdings Group Ltd., Zhuhai 519020, China
| | - Jianwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fan W, Sun G, Wang Q, Yang F, Gao Y, Yang M. Identifying the critical activated carbon properties affecting the adsorption of effluent organic matter from bio-treated coking wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:161968. [PMID: 36739016 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Activated carbon is widely used to remove effluent organic matter (EfOM) from bio-treated coking wastewater. However, the critical carbon properties affecting adsorption performance are still unclear. Nine commercial powdered activated carbons (PACs) with different pore structures, surface functional groups, and surface charges were used to adsorb EfOM from bio-treated coking wastewater, which was fractionated according to their molecular weight (MW) and hydrophobicity. Good correlations were observed between the adsorption of biopolymers (MW > 20,000 Da, 7 %) and macropore volume (>50 nm), as well as between the adsorption of humics (MW = 1000 ~ Da, 36 %) and mesopore volume (2-50 nm), suggesting that the adsorption sites of EfOM depended on their molecular size. Higher isoelectric points and fewer acidic groups promoted the adsorption of the most negatively charged hydrophobic acids (HPOA, 39.5 %). According to variation partitioning analysis (VPA), mesopore-macropore greatly contributed to the adsorption capacities of EfOM (71.3 %), whereas the sum of phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl (26.3 %) and isoelectric point (12.2 %) affected the normalized adsorption capacities of EfOM. In conclusion, PAC with a higher mesopore volume, fewer acidic groups, and a higher isoelectric point was desirable for removing EfOM from bio-treated coking wastewater. This study provides guidance for the selection of PAC for the removal of EfOM from bio-treated coking wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guangxi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yingxin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Loganathan P, Kandasamy J, Ratnaweera H, Vigneswaran S. Submerged membrane/adsorption hybrid process in water reclamation and concentrate management-a mini review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:42738-42752. [PMID: 36166127 PMCID: PMC10076408 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23229-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Clean water shortage is a major global problem due to escalating demand resulting from increasing human population growth and industrial activities, decreasing freshwater resources and persistent droughts. Recycling and reuse of wastewater by adopting efficient reclamation techniques can help solve this problem. However, wastewater contains a wide range of pollutants, which require removal before it may be reused. Adsorption and membrane processes are two successful treatments used to remove most of these pollutants. Their efficiency increases when these processes are integrated as observed, for example in a submerged membrane adsorption hybrid system (SMAHS). It uses coarse air bubbling/sparging to produce local shear which minimises reversible membrane fouling, improves performance and extends the life of the membrane. Additionally, the adsorbent acts as a buoyant media that produces an extra shearing effect on the membrane surface, reduces membrane resistance and increases flux. In addition, it adsorbs the organics that would otherwise deposit on and cause fouling of the membrane. The use of activated carbon (AC) adsorbent in SMAHS is very effective in removing most pollutants including natural organic matter (NOM) and organic micropollutants (OMPs) from wastewaters and membrane concentrate wastes, the latter being a serious problem in practical applications of the reverse osmosis process. However, certain NOM fractions and OMPs (i.e. hydrophilic and negatively charged ones) are not efficiently removed by AC. Other adsorbents need to be explored for their effective removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paripurnanda Loganathan
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2127 Australia
| | - Jaya Kandasamy
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2127 Australia
| | - Harsha Ratnaweera
- Faculty of Sciences & Technology (RealTek), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box N-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2127 Australia
- Faculty of Sciences & Technology (RealTek), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box N-1432, Ås, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen R, Huang X, Li G, Yu Y, Shi B. Performance of in-service granular activated carbon for perfluoroalkyl substances removal under changing water quality conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157723. [PMID: 35914596 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption is one of the best available technologies for removing perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from drinking water. However, GAC processes in full-scale drinking water treatment plants frequently encounter unstable, even negative removal efficiency on PFASs due to the lack of understanding between the GAC characteristics and the PFASs polluted water quality conditions. In this study, the scenarios of raw water pre-chlorination and emergency contamination by multiple PFASs were simulated to evaluate the PFASs control performance by in-service GAC with different properties and ages. The results showed that the adsorption of a relatively longer-chain PFAS by the in-service GAC can be achieved by replacing the pre-adsorbed natural organic matter (NOM). The increased lower molecular weight NOM after pre-chlorination could compete with PFASs for adsorption sites and exacerbate the pore blockage, thus significantly weakening the PFASs removal ability of in-service GAC. When multiple PFASs entered the water by emergency contamination, the PFASs with stronger hydrophobicity could replace the PFASs with less hydrophobicity that had previously been adsorbed on GAC. GAC with a higher proportion of micropores had a lower risk of PFASs leakage facing the water quality changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruya Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012 Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Guiwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Baoyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Q, Zietzschmann F, Hofman-Caris R, Jiang N, Schuster J, Wang Z, Yu J, Yang M, Rietveld LC. Unraveling competition versus adsorbability of dissolved organic matter against organic micropollutants onto activated carbon. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
8
|
He C, Fang K, Gong H, Liu J, Song X, Liang R, He Q, Yuan Q, Wang K. Advanced organic recovery from municipal wastewater with an enhanced magnetic separation (EMS) system: Pilot-scale verification. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 217:118449. [PMID: 35429875 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The up-concentration process has been demonstrated as an attractive approach to carbon-neutral wastewater treatment. Innovation in the separation processes can help eliminate the current heavy dependence on gravity, and credible pilot-scale verification is crucial for application promotion. We hereby proposed a pilot-scale enhanced magnetic separation (EMS) system as an up-concentration step to maximize energy recovery from municipal wastewater. The design of EMS was based on the hypothesis that magnetic-driven separation could be a breakthrough in separation speed, and adsorption could further enhance the separation efficiency by capturing soluble substances. Jar tests confirmed the feasibility of activated carbon adsorption, which could also roughen the surface of aggregates. Further, over one-year operation of a 300 m3/d EMS equipment provided optimum operation strategies and evidence of system effectiveness. More than 80% of particulate organics and 60% of soluble organics were removed within 10 min at an energy consumption of only 0.036 kWh/m3. The characteristics of sludge were clarified in terms of organic concentration, extracellular polymeric substances composition, and micro-community analysis. The anaerobic experiments further demonstrated the potential value of the concentrated products. Surprisingly, the developed EMS system exhibited significant advantages in time consumption and space occupation, with competitive operating cost and energy consumption. Overall, the results of this study posed the EMS process for up-concentration as a potential approach to organics recovery from municipal wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Conghui He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Kuo Fang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Hui Gong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing Capital Eco-Environment Protection Group Co., Ltd, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xinxin Song
- Beijing Capital Eco-Environment Protection Group Co., Ltd, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Ruisong Liang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiuhang He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kaijun Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Loganathan P, Kandasamy J, Jamil S, Ratnaweera H, Vigneswaran S. Ozonation/adsorption hybrid treatment system for improved removal of natural organic matter and organic micropollutants from water - A mini review and future perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:133961. [PMID: 35157882 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of natural organic matter (NOM) and organic micropollutants (OMPs) can contaminate the quality of drinking water, and current water treatment technologies are not always successful in removing all their constituents. Ozonation and adsorption are two advanced processes with different removal mechanisms used to treat NOM and OMPs. Their treatment efficiency depends on the strength and kinetics of adsorption and ozonation (ozone molecule and OH radical (OH•) reaction) of the individual NOM constituents and OMPs. They are individually able to remove many of the NOM fractions and OMPs but not satisfactory in removing the vast array of their components which differ in their physico-chemical characteristics, for example molecular weight, charge, functional groups, aromaticity, and hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity. Significant progress has been made by integrating these processes (ozonation followed by activated carbon (AC) adsorption) but they need further improvement to efficiently target all NOM fractions and the various OMPs. Ozonation transforms the larger NOM molecules into smaller molecular sizes with lower aromaticity and hydrophobicity, subsequently resulting in reduced adsorption. The reduced adsorption of these molecules diminishes their competition against OMP adsorption resulting in increased OMP removal. Adsorption can remove unoxidized pollutants as well as the by-products of ozonation, and some of them are suspected to be human carcinogens. Of the commonly used adsorbents, anion exchange resin and AC, the former has higher affinity towards negatively charged humic fraction and OMPs. Conversely, the latter has higher affinity towards the hydrophobic constituents and smaller sized constituents which diffuse into AC pores and get adsorbed. Biofilm formed by long-term use of AC also contributes to enhanced removal of NOM and OMPs. This paper briefly reviews the currently available literature on removing NOM and OMPs by the ozonation/adsorption integrated process. It also suggests a new method for further increasing the efficiency of this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paripurnanda Loganathan
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2127, Australia.
| | - Jaya Kandasamy
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2127, Australia.
| | - Shahzad Jamil
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2127, Australia.
| | - Harsha Ratnaweera
- Faculty of Sciences & Technology (RealTek), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box N-1432, Ås, Norway.
| | - Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2127, Australia; Faculty of Sciences & Technology (RealTek), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box N-1432, Ås, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang Y, Ricoveri A, Demeestere K, Van Hulle S. Advanced treatment of landfill leachate through combined Anammox-based biotreatment, O 3/H 2O 2 oxidation, and activated carbon adsorption: technical performance, surrogate-based control strategy, and operational cost analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 430:128481. [PMID: 35176699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of landfill leachate makes it difficult to treat it with a single biological/ physical/chemical process. Moreover, the dynamic leachate characteristics pose a challenge for effective process control. Therefore, a combined treatment, consisting of a one-stage partial nitrification-Anammox process, an O3/H2O2 process, and a granular activated carbon filtration (GAC) process, was investigated. Meanwhile, a novel surrogate-based ozone dose control strategy for O3/H2O2 process was evaluated. Results show that this three-stage process offers high removal of total nitrogen (> 90%), COD (chemical oxygen demand, 60-82%), and micropollutants (atrazine, alachlor, carbamazepine, and bisphenol A, > 96%), satisfying discharge requirements. In the combined post-treatment, ozone dosing for COD removal can be real-time controlled by UVA254 reduction monitoring, based on a specific correlation between COD and UVA254 changes. On the other hand, O3/H2O2 pre-treatment controlled at a 50% UVA254 reduction shows to be the optimal point, when adsorption is designed as the main step for COD removal. Cost analysis shows that post-treatment with low (high) organic load i.e., COD ≤ (≥)540 mg/L, a combination with O3/H2O2 (GAC) as the main step appears to be more cost-effective. Therefore, a dynamic operation strategy in response to the leachate change is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongyuan Yang
- LIWET, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Sint-Martens Latemlaan 2B, B-8500, Kortrijk, Belgium.
| | - Alex Ricoveri
- LIWET, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Sint-Martens Latemlaan 2B, B-8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Kristof Demeestere
- Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology (EnVOC), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Van Hulle
- LIWET, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Sint-Martens Latemlaan 2B, B-8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang Y, Ricoveri A, Demeestere K, Van Hulle S. Surrogate-based follow-up of activated carbon adsorption preceded by ozonation for removal of bulk organics and micropollutants from landfill leachate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153349. [PMID: 35077794 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although combined ozonation with activated carbon (AC) adsorption is a promising technique for leachate treatment, little is known about how ozone-induced changes in leachate characteristics affect the organics adsorption, especially in view of emerging micropollutants (MPs) removal. Furthermore, the online monitoring of MPs is challenging but desirable for efficient treatment operation. This study investigates how preceding ozonation impacts the adsorption of bulk organics (expressed as chemical oxygen demand (COD)) and ozone-recalcitrant MPs, i.e., primidone, atrazine and alachlor, in leachate using batch and column adsorption tests. Additionally, a new surrogate-based model was evaluated for predicting MPs breakthrough. Batch tests revealed that ozonation results in a decreasing apparent affinity of COD towards AC, but the non-adsorbable part did not obviously change. The adsorption of MPs in ozonated leachate was (1-41%) higher than that in non-ozonated leachate, especially for the more hydrophobic alachlor and atrazine, due to a reduced sites competition from bulk organics. Column adsorption showed that ozonation delayed COD and MPs breakthrough due to the reduced COD loading and sites competition, respectively. An increased empty bed contact time (EBCT, 10-40 min) led to an increased COD uptake by a factor of 3.0-3.2 for ozonated and non-ozonated leachates, while MPs adsorption also increased, suggesting that pore blockage rather than site competition could be the dominant inhibitory effect. The data from column adsorption demonstrate the applicability of developed surrogate-based model for predicting MPs breakthrough. Particularly, the fitting parameters were not affected by change of leachate characteristics, while they were impacted by change of EBCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongyuan Yang
- LIWET, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel De Goedelaan 5, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.
| | - Alex Ricoveri
- LIWET, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel De Goedelaan 5, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Kristof Demeestere
- Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology (EnVOC), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Van Hulle
- LIWET, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel De Goedelaan 5, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ren J, Yang S, Li L, Yu S, Gao N. Mechanisms and application of the IAST-EBC model for predicting 2-MIB adsorption by PAC in authentic raw waters: Correlation between NOM competitiveness and water quality parameters. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 427:127904. [PMID: 34895807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM) exerts negative impacts on 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) removal by powdered activated carbon (PAC), thus adding to the difficulty in accurate PAC dose prediction. Our study investigated the application of the ideal adsorbed solution theory-equivalent background compound (IAST-EBC) model and its simplified version for PAC dose prediction. Four raw water samples were employed, and the corresponding C0,EBC values, indicating NOM competitiveness, were calculated. The results showed that the IAST-EBC model presented ideal predictive performance in 2-MIB adsorption under both equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions and the C0,EBC values of the Huangpu River (8800 ng/L) and Qiantang River (10300 ng/L) were high, representing the higher NOM competitiveness in these two rivers, which may be caused by municipal effluent and industrial wastewater discharge. In contrast, Tai Lake water showed a lower C0,EBC value (6400 ng/L), which was likely associated with algae and other microbial activities. The fluorescence index (FI, the ratio of Ex/Em = 370/470 nm to Ex/Em = 370/520 nm) can be applied to estimate C0,EBC, thus facilitating prediction. Our study also showed that the IAST-EBC model can be further simplified under lower initial 2-MIB concentrations or longer contact times, which is particularly useful for practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junying Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Sihui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Shuili Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Naiyun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang C, Gallagher DL, Dietrich AM, Su M, Wang Q, Guo Q, Zhang J, An W, Yu J, Yang M. Data Analytics Determines Co-occurrence of Odorants in Raw Water and Evaluates Drinking Water Treatment Removal Strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:16770-16782. [PMID: 34855387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A complex dataset with 140 sampling events was generated using triple quadrupole gas chromatography-mass spectrometer to track the occurrence of 95 odorants in raw and finished water from 98 drinking water treatment plants in 31 cities across China. Data analysis identified more than 70 odorants with concentrations ranging from not detected to thousands of ng/L. In raw water, Pearson correlation analysis determined that thioethers, non-oxygen benzene-containing compounds, and pyrazines were classes of chemicals that co-occurred, and geosmin and p(m)-cresol, as well as cyclohexanone and benzaldehyde, also co-occurred, indicating similar natural or industrial sources. Based on classification and regression tree analysis, total dissolved organic carbon and geographical location were identified as major factors affecting the occurrence of thioethers. Indoles, phenols, and thioethers were well-removed through conventional and advanced treatment processes, while some aldehydes could be generated. For other odorants, higher removal was achieved by ozonation-biological activated carbon (39.3%) compared to the conventional treatment process (14.5%). To our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically identify the major odorants in raw water and determine suitable treatment strategies to control their occurrence by applying data analytics and statistical methods to the complex dataset. These provide informative reference for odor control and water quality management in drinking water industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunmiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daniel L Gallagher
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 413 Durham Hall, 1145 Perry Street, MC 0246, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Andrea M Dietrich
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 413 Durham Hall, 1145 Perry Street, MC 0246, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Ming Su
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingyuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Junzhi Zhang
- Beijing Climate Change Response Research and Education Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Wei An
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pivokonsky M, Kopecka I, Cermakova L, Fialova K, Novotna K, Cajthaml T, Henderson RK, Pivokonska L. Current knowledge in the field of algal organic matter adsorption onto activated carbon in drinking water treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 799:149455. [PMID: 34364285 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The increasing occurrence of algal and cyanobacterial blooms and the related formation of algal organic matter (AOM) is a worldwide issue that endangers the quality of freshwater sources and affects water treatment processes. The associated problems involve the production of toxins or taste and odor compounds, increasing coagulant demand, inhibition of removal of other polluting compounds, and in many cases, AOM acts as a precursor of disinfection by-products. Previous research has shown that for sufficient AOM removal, the conventional drinking water treatment based on coagulation/flocculation must be often accompanied by additional polishing technologies such as adsorption onto activated carbon (AC). This state-of-the-art review is intended to serve as a summary of the most current research on the adsorption of AOM onto AC concerning drinking water treatment. It summarizes emerging trends in this field with an emphasis on the type of AOM compounds removed and on the adsorption mechanisms and influencing factors involved. Additionally, also the principles of competitive adsorption of AOM and other organic pollutants are elaborated. Further, this paper also synthesizes previous knowledge on combining AC adsorption with other treatment techniques for enhanced AOM removal in order to provide a practical resource for researchers, water treatment plant operators and engineers. Finally, research gaps regarding the AOM adsorption onto AC are identified, including, e.g., adsorption of AOM residuals recalcitrant to coagulation/flocculation, suitability of pre-oxidation of AOM prior to the AC adsorption, relationships between the solution properties and AOM adsorption behaviour, or AOM as a cause of competitive adsorption. Also, focus should be laid on continuous flow column experiments using water with multi-component composition, because these would greatly contribute to transferring the theoretical knowledge to practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pivokonsky
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 30/5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivana Kopecka
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 30/5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Cermakova
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 30/5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Fialova
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 30/5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Novotna
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 30/5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Cajthaml
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Rita K Henderson
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Lenka Pivokonska
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 30/5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang Q, Mitchell RL, Hofman R, Yu J, Yang M, Rietveld LC, Zietzschmann F. How properties of low molecular weight model competitors impact organic micropollutant adsorption onto activated carbon at realistically asymmetric concentrations. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 202:117443. [PMID: 34333298 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Low molecular weight (LMW) dissolved organic matter (DOM) is the predominant competitor for adsorption sites against organic micropollutants (OMPs) in activated carbon adsorption. However, top-down approaches using highly complex mixtures of real water DOM do not allow to concisely examine the impacts of specific LMW DOM molecular properties on competitive adsorption. Therefore, we followed a bottom-up approach using fifteen model compounds (mDOM) to elucidate how important DOM characteristics, including hydrophobicity and unsaturated structures (ring, double/triple bond), impact competitiveness. Large concentration asymmetry (~500 μg DOC/μg OMP) made mDOM compounds, which were overall less preferentially adsorbed than OMPs, become competitive against OMPs and inhibit OMP adsorption kinetics by pre-occupation of adsorption sites. Our results revealed that both hydrophobicity interactions and π-interactions increased mDOM competitiveness, while π-interactions outweighed hydrophobic interactions. However, π-interactions could not be satisfactorily evaluated with a parameter such as specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) due to interferences of carboxyl groups in aromatic mDOMs. Instead, mDOM adsorbability, described by mDOM adsorption capacity, proved to be a comprehensive indicator for mDOM competitiveness. To our knowledge, this is the first study that systematically clarifies the impacts of intricately interacting molecular properties on DOM adsorption and the related competition against OMP adsorption. DOM adsorbability may inspire a new fractionation, and assist the further isolation, identification and detailed characterization of LMW DOM competitors in real DOM-containing waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5048, 2600 GA, Delft, the Netherland; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Raja-Louisa Mitchell
- Chair of Water Quality Control, Technische Universität Berlin, KF4, Str. des 17. Juni 135, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | - Roberta Hofman
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Nieuwegein 3433PE, the Netherland
| | - Jianwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Luuk C Rietveld
- Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5048, 2600 GA, Delft, the Netherland
| | - Frederik Zietzschmann
- Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5048, 2600 GA, Delft, the Netherland; Chair of Water Quality Control, Technische Universität Berlin, KF4, Str. des 17. Juni 135, Berlin 10623, Germany; Berliner Wasserbetriebe, Motardstr. 35, Berlin 13629, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
TiO2-Powdered Activated Carbon (TiO2/PAC) for Removal and Photocatalytic Properties of 2-Methylisoborneol (2-MIB) in Water. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13121622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) is a common taste and odor compound caused by off-flavor secondary metabolites, which represents one of the greatest challenges for drinking water utilities worldwide. A TiO2-coated activated carbon (TiO2/PAC) has been synthesized using the sol-gel method. A new TiO2/PAC photocatalyst has been successfully employed in photodegradation of 2-MIB under UV light irradiation. In addition, the combined results of XRD, SEM-EDX, FTIR and UV-Vis suggested that the nano-TiO2 had been successfully loaded on the surface of PAC. Experimental results of 2-MIB removal indicated that the adsorption capacities of PAC for 2-MIB were higher than that of TiO2/PAC. However, in the natural organic matter (NOM) bearing water, the removal efficiency of 2-MIB by TiO2/PAC and PAC were 97.8% and 65.4%, respectively, under UV light irradiation. Moreover, it was shown that the presence of NOMs had a distinct effect on the removal of MIB by TiO2/PAC and PAC. In addition, a simplified equivalent background compound (SEBC) model could not only be used to describe the competitive adsorption of MIB and NOM, but also represent the photocatalytic process. In comparison to other related studies, there are a few novel composite photocatalysts that could efficiently and rapidly remove MIB by the combination of adsorption and photocatalysis.
Collapse
|
17
|
Mustapha S, Tijani JO, Ndamitso MM, Abdulkareem AS, Shuaib DT, Mohammed AK. A critical review on geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in water: sources, effects, detection, and removal techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:204. [PMID: 33751262 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-08980-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The exposure to geosmin (GSM) and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) in water has caused a negative impact on product reputation and customer distrust. The occurrence of these compounds and their metabolites during drinking water treatment processes has caused different health challenges. Conventional treatment techniques such as coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and chlorination employed in removing these two commonest taste and odor compounds (GSM and 2-MIB) were found to be ineffective and inherent shortcomings. The removal of GSM and MIB were found to be effective using combination of activated carbon and ozonation; however, high treatment cost associated with ozonation technique and poor regeneration efficiency of activated carbon constitute serious setback to the combined system. Other shortcoming of the activated carbon adsorption and ozonation include low adsorption efficiency due to the presence of natural organic matter and humic acid. In light of this background, the review is focused on the sources, effects, environmental pathways, detection, and removal techniques of 2-MIB and GSM from aqueous media. Although advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) were found to be promising to remove the two compounds from water but accompanied with different challenges. Herein, to fill the knowledge gap analysis on these algal metabolites (GSM and 2-MIB), the integration of treatment processes vis-a-viz combination of one or more AOPs with other conventional methods are considered logical to remove these odorous compounds and hence could improve overall water quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Mustapha
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Bosso Campus, PMB 65, Minna, Nigeria.
- Nanotechnology Research Group, Africa Center of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.
| | - J O Tijani
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Bosso Campus, PMB 65, Minna, Nigeria
- Nanotechnology Research Group, Africa Center of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - M M Ndamitso
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Bosso Campus, PMB 65, Minna, Nigeria
- Nanotechnology Research Group, Africa Center of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - A S Abdulkareem
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Gidan Kwano Campus, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
- Nanotechnology Research Group, Africa Center of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - D T Shuaib
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S Dearborn Street, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - A K Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville Street, NC, 27707, Durham, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang J, Liao Y, Wang Q, Wang C, Yu J. Degradation of odorous sulfide compounds by different oxidation processes in drinking water: Performance, reaction kinetics and mechanism. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 189:116643. [PMID: 33246216 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Swampy/septic odor caused by various sulfides is one of the most frequently encountered odor problems in drinking water. However, even though it is much more offensive, few studies have specifically focused on swampy/septic odor compared to the extensively studied musty/earthy problems. In this work, four sulfide odorants, diamyl sulfide (DAS), dipropyl sulfide (DPS), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and diethyl disulfide (DEDS), were selected to evaluate the treatment performance of different oxidation processes in drinking water. The results demonstrated that DMDS, DEDS, DPS and DAS could be oxidized effectively by KMnO4, NaClO and ClO2. The oxidation processes could be well described by the second-order kinetic model, in which k values of selected sulfides followed the order DMDS≈DEDS ≪ DPS≈DAS. As for the three oxidants, the order of reactivity was KMnO4 ≪ ClO2 < NaClO, which was also verified in raw water. The results of oxidation treatability, reaction kinetics and mechanisms confirmed that the characteristics of the central sulfur atom rather than the side chain is the decisive factor in controlling the oxidation rate and transformation pathway of sulfides. The transformation products and pathways were significantly different for the three oxidants. Sulfones (DPSO, DASO) were always formed by cycloaddition reactions during KMnO4 oxidation, yet recombination reactions proceeded during ClO2 oxidation and formed more products, such as MADS, DADS and EADS. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed that the differences in transformation pathways were caused by the variations in the activity of the oxidants and sulfides. Finally, NaClO was certified as the most effective oxidant for controlling sulfide odorants in drinking water treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Zhang
- Beijing Climate Change Response Research and Education Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Yu Liao
- Beijing Climate Change Response Research and Education Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100019, China
| | - Chunmiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100019, China
| | - Jianwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100019, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fan S, Liu Z, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Hu H, Huang Z, Qin Y, Liang J. 3D porous tubular network-structured chitosan-based beads with multifunctional groups: Highly efficient and selective removal of Cu 2. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 171:17-27. [PMID: 33412196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Herein, an effective adsorbent, 3D porous tubular network-structured citric acid-chitosan/Fe/polyethyleneimine beads (CCFPB) with multifunctional active groups and strong selectivity, was prepared for the selective removal of Cu2+ from simulated wastewater. Compared with pure chitosan beads (CB), the adsorption capacity of CCFPB for Cu2+ was increased by 127 mg g-1 (238%), and the adsorption equilibrium time was shortened by 480 min. The CCFPB showed porous surface and a novel 3D porous tubular network structure in interior, which were benefit to the diffusion of Cu2+ from surface to interior of the CCFPB and the shortening of adsorption equilibrium time. The common coexisting ions in the simulated wastewater had almost no effect on the adsorption of Cu2+ by CCFPB, and the adsorption was fast and reached equilibrium within 10 h. The adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model (qm = 240.9 mg g-1 for Cu2+). The adsorption mechanism of CCFPB for Cu2+ was mainly the synergistic interaction with amino, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups. This strategy shows great potential for developing a variety of novel, highly active, and reusable immobilized functional beads materials for effective separation of Cu2+ from multi-ion wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhihan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yixiao Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yanjuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Huayu Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zuqiang Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Yuben Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jing Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yuan J, Huang Y, Nie Z, Hofmann R. The effect of water temperature on the removal of 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin by preloaded granular activated carbon. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 183:116065. [PMID: 32721706 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Granular activated carbon (GAC) is widely used by drinking water treatment plants in the Great Lakes region to control 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin associated with summertime algal blooms. Recently, however, taste and odour events are being detected in the winter, but there is limited information in the literature about the effect of temperature on GAC performance. In this study, batch isotherm experiments were conducted at 4 °C, 10 °C, and 20 °C to evaluate the temperature impact on adsorption thermodynamics. Pilot-scale column tests were then performed at the same temperatures to evaluate the temperature effect on overall removal, including both thermodynamics and kinetics. The pore and surface diffusion model (PSDM) was applied to fit the experimental data of the pilot-scale column tests, which allowed the kinetic parameters to be determined at each temperature. The isotherm results showed that water temperature did not have a significant effect on the equilibrium adsorption capacity (i.e., the thermodynamics) for MIB and geosmin under the conditions tested, but the pilot tests showed an increased removal of MIB and geosmin by 20-30% at 20 °C compared to the lower temperatures. This demonstrates that water temperature has more impact on kinetics than thermodynamics. Numerical simulations showed that the overall external mass transfer coefficient, Kf', had the greatest impact on breakthrough. An exponential equation was proposed to correlate temperature and Kf', and it could be incorporated into a site-specific PSDM to predict the removals of MIB and geosmin in GAC contactors at different temperatures. The model could then be used by a utility, for example, to predict the required increase in empty bed contact time needed to control taste and odour in the winter to the same extent as in the summer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yuan
- Drinking Water Research Group, Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada.
| | - Yifeng Huang
- Drinking Water Research Group, Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Zhijie Nie
- Drinking Water Research Group, Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Ronald Hofmann
- Drinking Water Research Group, Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|