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Sun Y, Sun W, Li Y, Dong N, Yu H, Yin W, Zhu F, Gao B, Xu S. Effective inhibition of chloride ion interference in photocatalytic process by negatively charged molecularly imprinted photocatalyst: Behavior and mechanism. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 262:122040. [PMID: 39018579 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
The ubiquitous chloride ions (Cl-) in water seriously interfere with pollutant oxidation and inevitably generate undesirable chlorinated byproducts. In this study, we report for the first time that a negatively charged molecularly imprinted photocatalyst (MIP) can effectively inhibit Cl- interference and suppress the production of chlorination byproducts (the yield of chloroacetic acid was only 16 % of the bare photocatalyst system) while ensuring efficient degradation of target pollutants, thereby greatly improving the safety of the pollutant degradation process. Taking antibiotics as target pollutant, we investigated the mechanism of action of MIP by comparing the antibiotic degradation pathways, fate of photogenerated active species and production of reactive chlorine species (RCS) in the MIP and bare photocatalyst system. The mechanism by which MIP inhibits Cl- interference was mainly based on a synergy between electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance induced by the specific capture of antibiotics in imprinted cavity, which effectively suppressed the production of RCS and hindered the participation of RCS in antibiotics degradation. In addition, MIP showed good compatibility with common cations, anions and organic matter, and performed well within a broad pH range in various water environments. Thus, the negatively charged MIP provides a feasible approach for the safe and efficient removal of pollutants in Cl- containing water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkai Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Pollutant Prevention, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wanting Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Pollutant Prevention, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yude Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Pollutant Prevention, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Nannan Dong
- Microbial Technology Institute and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- Microbial Technology Institute and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Weiyan Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Fanping Zhu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Pollutant Prevention, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Baoyu Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Pollutant Prevention, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Shiping Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Pollutant Prevention, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Qiu L, Yan C, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Nie M. Hypochlorite-mediated degradation and detoxification of sulfathiazole in aqueous solution and soil slurry. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 350:124039. [PMID: 38670426 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Although various activated sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) systems were proven to be promising strategies for recalcitrant organics treatment, the direct interaction between NaClO and pollutants without explicit activation is quite limited. In this work, a revolutionary approach to degrade sulfathiazole (STZ) in aqueous and soil slurry by single NaClO without any activator was proposed. The results demonstrated that 100% and 94.11% of STZ could be degraded by 0.025 mM and 5 mM NaClO in water and soil slurry, respectively. The elimination of STZ was shown to involve superoxide anion (O2•-), chlorine oxygen radical (ClO•), and hydroxyl radical (•OH), according to quenching experiments and the analysis of electron paramagnetic resonance. The addition of Cl-, HCO3-, SO42-, and humic acid (HA) marginally impeded the decomposition of STZ, while NO3-, Fe3+, and Mn2+ facilitated the process. The NaClO process exhibited significant removal effectiveness at a neutral initial pH. Moreover, the NaClO facilitated application in various soil samples and water matrices, and the procedure was also successful in effectively eliminating a range of sulfonamides. The suggested NaClO degradation mechanism of STZ was based on the observed intermediates, and the majority of the products exhibited lower ecotoxicity than STZ. Besides, the experiment results by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and a fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) indicated the negligible effects on the composition and structure of soil by the treatment of NaClO. Simultaneously, the experimental results also illustrated that the bioavailability of heavy metals and the physiochemical characteristics of the soil before and after the remediation did not change to a significant extent. Following the remediation of NaClO, the phytotoxicity tests showed reduced toxicity to wheat and cucumber seeds. As a result, treating soil and water contaminated with STZ by using NaClO was a reasonably practical and eco-friendly method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhui Qiu
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Caixia Yan
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Yabing Chen
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Minghua Nie
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China.
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Qian X, Wang S, Cheng H, Jia Z, Wang D, Xie Y, Duan J, Tian Y, Ma J. Mn(II) oxidation by the UV/chlorine system under near-neutral pH conditions: The important role of ClO · and ClO 2. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 246:120673. [PMID: 37844341 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation kinetics of Mn(II) by free chlorine is relatively low under near-neutral pH conditions which limits the Mn removal efficiency in drinking water treatment. Therefore, this study investigated the oxidation efficiency of Mn(II) by the UV-enhanced chlorination (UV/chlorine) system and identified the responsible reactive radical species. The results show that the oxidation kinetic of Mn(II) was greatly enhanced by the UV/chlorine system under near-neutral pH or even acidic conditions. The pseudo-first-order reaction rate of Mn(II) at pH 8.0 (within the first 20 min) increased from 2.60 × 10-5 s-1 to 3.41 × 10-4 s-1. Based on the scavenging experiments and the steady-state kinetic modeling, ClO· and ClO2, whose steady-state concentration (∼10-10 M and ∼10-9 M, respectively at pH 8.0) was at least 4 orders of magnitude higher than that of HO· and Cl·, were recognized as the dominant reactive species contributing to the oxidation of Mn(II). Kinetic model calculations indicate that the contribution of ClO· to the oxidation of Mn(II) was consistently maintained above 70 %, and ClO2 also played an important role in the oxidation of Mn(II) especially under acidic and alkaline conditions. In addition, the background components of HCO3- and Cl- had negligible influence on the oxidation efficiency because they barely changed the concentration of the ClO· and ClO2. This study first demonstrates the important role of ClO2 in the oxidation of Mn(II) in the UV/chlorine system, and the possible role of ClO2 in the degradation of some organic pollutants needs to be carefully evaluated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuecong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shilong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Haijun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Ziye Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Da Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yandong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jinhao Duan
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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Liang J, Huang W, Wei S, Tian C, Zhang X, Nong G, Wang S, Song H. Photodegradation performance and mechanism of sulfadiazine in Fe(III)-EDDS-activated persulfate system. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:3518-3531. [PMID: 35389823 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2064238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to overcome the shortcomings in the traditional Fenton process, Fe(III)-EDDS-activated persulfate advanced oxidation process under irradiation is carried out as a promising technology. The photodegradation of sulfadiazine (SD) in Fe(III)-EDDS-activated persulfate system was investigated in this paper. The results showed that SD could be effectively degraded in Fe(III)-EDDS/S 2 O 8 2 - /hv system. The effects of Fe(III):EDDS molar ratio, the concentration of Fe(III)-EDDS, and the concentration of S 2 O 8 2 - on SD degradation were explored. At neutral pH, when Fe(III):EDDS = 1:1, Fe(III)-EDDS = 0.1 mM, S 2 O 8 2 - = 1.5 mM, the best SD degradation was achieved. The experiment of external influence factors showed that the degradation of SD could be obviously inhibited by the presence of C O 3 2 - , S O 4 2 - , whereas the degradation of SD was almost unaffected by the addition ofCl-. The degradation of SD could be slightly inhibited by the presence of humic acid and NO3-. The effect of pH on SD degradation was investigated, and SD could be degraded effectively in the pH range of 3-9. ESR proved that 1O2, ·OH, S O 4 - , and O2- were produced in the process. S O 4 - and ·OH were identified as the main radicals while O2·- also played non-ignorable role. Eleven intermediate products of SD were analysed. The C = N, S-N, and S-C bonds of SD were attacked by radicals firstly, leading to a series of reactions that eventually resulted in the destruction of SD molecules and the formation of small organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Liang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Huang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiping Wei
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyue Tian
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyun Zhang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyou Nong
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangfei Wang
- Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Hainong Song
- Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Nanning, People's Republic of China
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Wojnárovits L, Takács E. Rate constants for the reactions of chloride monoxide radical (ClO •) and organic molecules of environmental interest. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 87:1925-1944. [PMID: 37119164 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
ClO• plays a key role in the UV/chlorine process besides Cl•, Cl2• - , and •OH. In many experiments, ClO• proved to be the main reactant that destroyed the organic pollutants in advanced oxidation process. About 200 rate constants of ClO• reactions were collected from the literature, grouped together according to the chemical structure, and the molecular structure dependencies were evaluated. In most experiments, ClO• was produced by the photolytic reaction of HClO/ClO-. For a few compounds, the rate constants were determined by the absolute method, pulse radiolysis. Most values were obtained in steady-state experiments by competitive technique or by complex kinetic calculations after measuring the pollutant degradation in the UV/chlorine process. About 30% of the listed rate constant values were derived in quantum chemical or in structure-reactivity (QSAR) calculations. The values show at least six orders of magnitude variations with the molecular structure. Molecules having electron-rich parts, e.g., phenol/phenolate, amine, or sulfite group have high rate constants in the range of 108-109 mol-1 dm3 s-1. ClO• is inactive in reactions with saturated molecules, alcohols, or simple aromatic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Wojnárovits
- Radiation Chemistry Department, Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety, Centre for Energy Research, H-1121, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33, Budapest, Hungary E-mail:
| | - Erzsébet Takács
- Radiation Chemistry Department, Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety, Centre for Energy Research, H-1121, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33, Budapest, Hungary E-mail:
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Li M, Durkin DP, Waller G, Yu Y, Men Y, Ye T, Chen H, Shuai D. Transformation of Graphitic Carbon Nitride by Reactive Chlorine Species: "Weak" Oxidants Are the Main Players. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:2749-2757. [PMID: 36745632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanomaterials hold great promise in diverse applications; however, their stability in engineering systems and transformation in nature are largely underexplored. We evaluated the stability, aging, and environmental impact of g-C3N4 nanosheets under the attack of free chlorine and reactive chlorine species (RCS), a widely used oxidant/disinfectant and a class of ubiquitous radical species, respectively. g-C3N4 nanosheets were slowly oxidized by free chlorine even at a high concentration of 200-1200 mg L-1, but they decomposed rapidly when ClO· and/or Cl2•- were the key oxidants. Though Cl2•- and ClO· are considered weaker oxidants in previous studies due to their lower reduction potentials and slower reaction kinetics than ·OH and Cl·, our study highlighted that their electrophilic attack efficacy on g-C3N4 nanosheets was on par with ·OH and much higher than Cl·. A trace level of covalently bonded Cl (0.28-0.55 at%) was introduced to g-C3N4 nanosheets after free chlorine and RCS oxidation. Our study elucidates the environmental fate and transformation of g-C3N4 nanosheets, particularly under the oxidation of chlorine-containing species, and it also provides guidelines for designing reactive, robust, and safe nanomaterials for engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiao Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C.20052, United States
| | - David P Durkin
- Department of Chemistry, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland21402, United States
| | - Gordon Waller
- Chemistry Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C.20375, United States
| | - Yaochun Yu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California92521, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Yujie Men
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California92521, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Tao Ye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota57701, United States
| | - Hanning Chen
- Texas Advanced Computing Center, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78758, United States
| | - Danmeng Shuai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C.20052, United States
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7
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Cao Y, Yao J, Knudsen TŠ, Pang W, Zhu J, Liu B, Li H, Li M, Su J. Radical chemistry, degradation mechanism and toxicity evolution of BPA in the UV/chlorine and UV/H 2O 2. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137169. [PMID: 36402353 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UV-assisted advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are widely used and studied in degradation of bisphenol A (BPA). However, detailed information on their radical chemistry and degradation mechanisms is still lacking. In this study, degradation of BPA was comparatively evaluated to investigate the radical mechanisms, products and the toxicity variation in UV/chlorine and UV/H2O2 processes. In comparison with UV/H2O2, UV/chlorine had a higher BPA degradation efficiency and higher pH-dependency due to chlorination and the synergy of •OH and RCS. The •OH and Cl• played a pivotal role as the primary radicals in BPA degradation by UV/chlorine process at all pH investigated (6-8). The relative contributions of the secondary radicals ClO• gradually decreased with a variation of pH from 6 to 8 in this process. Presence of HCO3─ and HA inhibited BPA degradation to different extents in UV/chlorine process, while the effect of Cl─ could be neglected. According to the identified transformation products, chlorination (major), hydroxylation and breakage of the isopropylidene chain were BPA decomposition pathways in the UV/chlorine system. In the UV/H2O2 system, only hydroxylation (major) and breakage of the isopropylidene chain occurred. The toxicity analysis, based on the proposed degradation pathways, indicated that the generation of chlorinated products in the UV/chlorine system led to a higher toxicity of the resulting mixture than in the UV/H2O2 system. Although UV/chlorine has an excellent BPA degradation effect and it is cost-effective, the possible environmental risk should be carefully considered when UV/chlorine system is used to remove BPA in real waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cao
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jun Yao
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Tatjana Šolević Knudsen
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemistry, Njegoševa 12, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Wancheng Pang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Junjie Zhu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bang Liu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jianchao Su
- School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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8
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Comparison of sulfate radical with other reactive species. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2022.100867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Ren H, Bi Y, Liu F, Zhang C, Wei N, Fan L, Zhou R. Removal of ofloxacin from wastewater by chloride electrolyte electro-oxidation: Analysis of the role of active chlorine and operating costs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:157963. [PMID: 35952871 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electro-oxidation (EO) has received increasing attention as an efficient and green method for removing pollutants from wastewater. Chloride anions (Cl-), which commonly exist in wastewater, can act as an electrolyte for the EO process. However, the role of reactive chlorine species (RCS) generated near electrodes is often underestimated. In this study, we generated hydroxyl radicals (OH) and RCS in a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode system and investigated its degradation mechanism for ofloxacin (OFX) removal. The findings suggested that OFX degradation was dominated by OH existing near the anode in solution, with RCS playing a supporting role. Based on the produced intermediates, we proposed an OFX decomposition pathway. The biological toxicities of the intermediates were evaluated through the ECOSAR and T.E.S.T. procedure. Nearly half of the intermediates are less toxic than the parent compound. After optimizing the operating parameters by the response surface methodology, 20 mg/L OFX was almost completely degraded after 10 min of reaction in 1.45 g/L NaCl with a current density (j) of 18 mA/cm2, and the total organic carbon was decreased by 30.55 %. The energy consumption and current efficiency were 0.648 kW·h/gTOC and 8.65 %, respectively. Comparing the operating costs of the proposed and other EO methods, our method emerged as a viable new treatment scheme for similar polluted wastewaters. This study aims to comprehensively understand the potential application value of BDD electrodes in the treatment of Cl- containing organic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Ministry of Education), College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yuhang Bi
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Ministry of Education), College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Fangyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Ministry of Education), College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Chunpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Ministry of Education), College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Nan Wei
- Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Lujian Fan
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Ministry of Education), College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Ministry of Education), College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Lee W, Shin J, Lee M, Choi Y, Son H, Lee Y. Elimination efficiency of synthetic musks during the treatment of drinking water with ozonation and UV-based advanced oxidation processes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 844:156915. [PMID: 35772529 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the reaction kinetics and elimination efficiency of eleven synthetic musks during ozonation and UV254nm-based, advanced oxidation processes. The synthetic musks containing olefin moieties with electron-donating alkyl substituents such as octahydro tetramethyl naphthalenyl ethanone (OTNE) and ambrettolide (AMBT) showed high reactivity toward ozone (k ≥ 3.7 × 105 M-1 s-1) and free available chlorine (FAC) (k = 9.2 - 88 M-1 s-1), while all other synthetic musks were less ozone reactive (k = 0.3 - 560 M-1 s-1) and FAC-refractory. All synthetic musks showed high •OH reactivity (k > 5 × 109 M-1 s-1), except musk ketone (MK) (k = 2.3 × 109 M-1 s-1). In concordance with the kinetic information, OTNE and AMBT were efficiently eliminated (>97%) in simulated ozone treatments of drinking water at a specific ozone dose of 0.5 gO3/gDOC. The elimination levels of the other synthetic musks were below 50% at 0.5 gO3/gDOC. The fluence-based UV photolysis rate constant of the synthetic musks was determined to be (0.2 - 2.7) × 10-3 cm2/mJ. The elimination levels of synthetic musks during UV alone treatment ranged from 7 to 81% at a UV fluence of 500 mJ/cm2. The addition of 10 mg/L H2O2 (UV/H2O2) significantly enhanced the elimination of most synthetic musks (achieving >90% elimination at 500 mJ/cm2), indicating that the •OH reaction was mainly responsible for their elimination. The addition of 10 mg/L FAC (UV/FAC) also significantly enhanced the elimination of olefinic and aromatic synthetic musks (>90%), for which the reaction with ClO• was mainly responsible. For MK and two alkyl synthetic musks, their elimination during UV/FAC treatment was still limited (28 - 64%) and was mainly achieved by UV photolysis or reaction with •OH. In summary, this study substantiates the chemical kinetics approach as a helpful tool for predicting or interpreting the elimination of micropollutants during oxidative water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woorim Lee
- Busan Water Quality Institute, Busan, South Korea; Environment & Energy Research Laboratory, Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (RIST), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Jaedon Shin
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea; Department of Environmental Engineering, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, South Korea
| | - Minju Lee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Yegyun Choi
- Busan Water Quality Institute, Busan, South Korea; School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Heejong Son
- Busan Water Quality Institute, Busan, South Korea.
| | - Yunho Lee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea.
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11
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Yao S, Ye J, Xia J, Hu Y, Zhao X, Xie J, Lin K, Cui C. Inactivation and photoreactivation of bla NDM-1-carrying super-resistant bacteria by UV, chlorination and UV/chlorination. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 439:129549. [PMID: 35868090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The excessive dissemination of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1), which mediates resistance to a majority of clinical β-lactam antibiotics, has created a major public health problem worldwide. Herein, a blaNDM-1-carrying (plasmid encoded) super-resistant bacterium, Acinetobacter sp. CS-2, was selected to reveal its mechanisms of inactivation and photoreactivation during UV, chlorination and UV/chlorination disinfection. The inactivated CS-2 underwent a certain photoreactivation after UV and chlorination. The logistic model precisely fitted the data obtained in the photoreactivation experiments by UV treatment, with the estimated kinetic parameters Sm (0.530%-12.071%) and k2 (0.0009-0.0471). The photoreactivation of Acinetobacter sp. CS-2 was observed when treated by chlorination at a dosage of 0.5 mg/L with a survival ratio of 34.04%. UV/chlorination not only resulted in the high-efficiency reduction of CS-2 but also effectively controlled its photoreactivation with a survival ratio of 0%- 0.87%. UV/chlorination showed great advantages in causing the irreversible destruction of bacterial surface structures by making the cell membranes wrinkled and incomplete compared with UV disinfection. The singlet oxygen (1O2) generated during UV/chlorination treatment played a vital role in blaNDM-1 removal. This study proposed new insights into the mechanism of inactivation and the characteristics of photoreactivation for the super-resistant bacteria by UV, chlorination and UV/chlorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Yao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jianfeng Ye
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Xia
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yaru Hu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuetao Zhao
- Center for Disease Control & Prevention of Xuhui, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jianhao Xie
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Kuangfei Lin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Changzheng Cui
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai environmental protection key laboratory on environmental standard and risk management of chemical pollutants, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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12
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Shen R, Zhang S, Liang Z, Mai B, Wang S. Mechanistic insight into co-metabolic dechlorination of hexachloro-1,3-butadiene in Dehalococcoides. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118725. [PMID: 35709597 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene (HCBD) as one of emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs) poses potential risk to human health and ecosystems. Organohalide-respiring bacteria (OHRB)-mediated reductive dehalogenation represents a promising strategy to remediate HCBD-contaminated sites. Nonetheless, information on the HCBD-dechlorinating OHRB and their dechlorination pathways remain unknown. In this study, both in vivo and in vitro experiments, as well as quantum chemical calculation, were employed to successfully identify and characterize the reductive dechlorination of HCBD by Dehalococcoides. Results showed that some Dehalococcoides extensively dechlorinated HCBD to (E)-1,2,3-tri-CBD via (E)-1,1,2,3,4-penta-CBD and (Z,E)-1,2,3,4-tetra-CBD in a co-metabolic way. Both qPCR and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing analyses suggested that the HCBD-dechlorinating Dehalococcoides coupled their cell growth with dechlorination of perchloroethene (PCE), rather than HCBD. The in vivo and in vitro ATPase assays indicated ≥78.89% decrease in ATPase activity upon HCBD addition, which suggested HCBD inhibition on ATPase-mediated energy harvest and provided rationality on the Dehalococcoides-mediated co-metabolic dechlorination of HCBD. Interestingly, dehalogenation screening of organohalides with the HCBD-dechlorinating enrichment cultures showed that debromination of bromodichloromethane (BDCM) was active in the in vitro RDase assays but non-active in the in vivo experiments. Further in vitro assays of hydrogenase activity suggested that significant inhibition of BDCM on the hydrogenase activity could block electron derivation from H2 for consequent reduction of organohalides in the in vivo experiments. Therefore, our results provided unprecedented insight into metabolic, co-metabolic and RDase-active-only dehalogenation of varied organohalides by specific OHRB, which could guide future screening of OHRB for remediation of sites contaminated by HCBD and other POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shen
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Shangwei Zhang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Zhiwei Liang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Bixian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Shanquan Wang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China.
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13
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Zhou R, Liu F, Du X, Zhang C, Yang C, Offiong NA, Bi Y, Zeng W, Ren H. Removal of metronidazole from wastewater by electrocoagulation with chloride ions electrolyte: The role of reactive chlorine species and process optimization. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Li N, Li R, Duan X, Yan B, Liu W, Cheng Z, Chen G, Hou L, Wang S. Correlation of Active Sites to Generated Reactive Species and Degradation Routes of Organics in Peroxymonosulfate Activation by Co-Loaded Carbon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:16163-16174. [PMID: 34793160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based advanced oxidation processes (PMS-AOPs) as an efficient strategy for organic degradation are highly dependent on catalyst design and structured active sites. However, the identification of the active sites and their relationship with reaction mechanisms for organic degradation are not fully understood for a composite catalyst due to the complex structure. Herein, we developed a family of Co encapsulated in N-doped carbons (Co-PCN) with tailored types and contents of active sites via manipulated pyrolysis for PMS activation and ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation, focusing on the correlation of active sites to generated reactive species and degradation routes of organics. The structure-function relationships between the different active sites in Co-PCN catalysts and reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as bond breaking position of CIP, were revealed through regression analysis and density functional theory calculation. Co-Nx, O-C═O, C═O, graphitic N, and defects in Co-PCN stimulate the generation of 1O2 for oxidizing the C-C bond in the piperazine ring of CIP into C═O. The substitution of F by OH and hydroxylation of the piperazine ring might be induced by SO4•- and •OH, whose formation was affected by C-O, Co(0), Co-Nx, graphitic N, and defects. The findings provided new insights into reaction mechanisms in PMS-AOP systems and rational design of catalysts for ROS-oriented degradation of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Tianjin University/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Tianjin University/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Beibei Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Tianjin University/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Wen Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhanjun Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Tianjin University/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Guanyi Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Tianjin University/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, 26 Jinjing Road, Tianjin 300134, P. R. China
| | - Li'an Hou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Tianjin University/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Shaobin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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15
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Kong Q, Fan M, Yin R, Zhang X, Lei Y, Shang C, Yang X. Micropollutant abatement and byproduct formation during the co-exposure of chlorine dioxide (ClO 2) and UVC radiation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 419:126424. [PMID: 34174627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photolysis of ClO2 by UVC radiation occurs in several drinking water treatment scenarios (e.g., pre-oxidation by ClO2 with post-UVC disinfection or a multi-barrier disinfection system comprising ClO2 and UVC disinfection in sequence). However, whether micropollutants are degraded and undesired byproducts are formed during the co-exposure of ClO2 and UVC radiation remain unclear. This study demonstrated that four micropollutants (trimethoprim, iopromide, caffeine, and ciprofloxacin) were degraded by 14.4-100.0% during the co-exposure of ClO2 and UVC radiation in the synthetic drinking water under the environmentally relevant conditions (UV dose of 207 mJ cm-2, ClO2 dose of 1.35 mg L-1, and pH of 7.0). Trimethoprim and iopromide were predominantly degraded by ClO2 oxidation and direct UVC photolysis, respectively. Caffeine and ciprofloxacin were predominantly degraded by the radicals (HO• and Cl•) and the in-situ formed free chlorine from ClO2 photolysis, respectively. The yields of total organic chlorine (12.5 µg L-1 from 1.0 mg C L-1 of NOM) and chlorate (0.14 mg L-1 From 1.35 mg L-1 of ClO2) during the co-exposure were low. However, the yield of chlorite was high (0.76 mg L-1 from 1.35 mg L-1 of ClO2), which requires attention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Kong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Mengge Fan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ran Yin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Xinran Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yu Lei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chii Shang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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16
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Xing J, Du L, Quan X, Luo X, Snyder SA, Liang H. Combining chlor(am)ine-UV oxidation to ultrafiltration for potable water reuse: Promoted efficiency, membrane fouling control and mechanism. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Yang Q, Guo Y, Xu J, Wu X, He B, Blatchley ER, Li J. Photolysis of N-chlorourea and its effect on urea removal in a combined pre-chlorination and UV 254 process. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 411:125111. [PMID: 33485223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Urea is one of the most important nitrogenous organic pollutants in water, and its removal attracts attention because of a growing concern related to water eutrophication. Urea has previously been considered to be largely unaffected by the UV-chlorine process. However, N-chlorourea, an intermediate of urea chlorination, has been shown to absorb ultraviolet radiation, and as such its photolysis is possible. Experiments were conducted to quantify the kinetics of N-chlorourea degradation under UV254 irradiation. The results showed that about 92% of N-chlorourea was degraded under UV254 irradiation. Ammonia and nitrate were detected as the primary nitrogen containing products of the photolysis of N-chlorourea. Solution pH ranging from 3.0 to 7.5 influenced the distribution of these products but not on the degradation rate. Based on these data, a possible pathway of photodegradation of N-chlorourea under UV254 is proposed. The degradation of urea was also achieved by the photolysis of N-chlorourea during the combined pre-chlorination and UV254 process. Insights gained in this study may be useful for exploring the potential of combined pre-chlorination and UV254 process on urea removal in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xingyi Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Bingying He
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Ernest R Blatchley
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Division of Environmental & Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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18
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Ahn YY, Choi J, Kim M, Kim MS, Lee D, Bang WH, Yun ET, Lee H, Lee JH, Lee C, Maeng SK, Hong S, Lee J. Chloride-Mediated Enhancement in Heat-Induced Activation of Peroxymonosulfate: New Reaction Pathways for Oxidizing Radical Production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:5382-5392. [PMID: 33733765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study is the first to demonstrate the capability of Cl- to markedly accelerate organic oxidation using thermally activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) under acidic conditions. The treatment efficiency gain allowed heat-activated PMS to surpass heat-activated peroxydisulfate (PDS). During thermal PMS activation at excess Cl-, accelerated oxidation of 4-chlorophenol (susceptible to oxidation by hypochlorous acid (HOCl)) was observed along with significant degradation of benzoic acid and ClO3- occurrence, which involved oxidants with low substrate specificity. This indicated that heat facilitated HOCl formation via nucleophilic Cl- addition to PMS and enabled free chlorine conversion into less selective oxidizing radicals. HOCl acted as a key intermediate in the major oxidant transition based on temperature-dependent variation in HOCl concentration profiles, kinetically retarded organic oxidation upon NH4+ addition, and enabled rapid organic oxidation in heated PMS/HOCl mixtures. Chlorine atom that formed via the one-electron oxidation of Cl- by the sulfate radical served as the primary oxidant and was involved in hydroxyl radical production. This was corroborated by the quenching effects of alcohols and bicarbonates, reactivity toward multiple organics, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectral features. PMS outperformed PDS in degrading benzoic acid during thermal activation operated in reverse osmosis concentrate, which was in conflict with the well-established superiority of heat-activated PDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Yoon Ahn
- Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jaemin Choi
- Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Min Sik Kim
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Donghyun Lee
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Woo Hyuck Bang
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Eun-Tae Yun
- Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hongshin Lee
- Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Lee
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Changha Lee
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Maeng
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Seungkwan Hong
- Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jaesang Lee
- Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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