1
|
Xie F, Chai S, Wang Z, Tang Y, Liu Y, Zhou X, Lü C. Evolution of hydrochemical characteristics and the influence of environmental background in the Hailar River basin, China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:968. [PMID: 39305384 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-13134-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the evolution of hydrochemical characteristics in river systems is essential for environmental assessment and water resource management. This study explores the spatiotemporal distribution and the determinants of hydrochemical characteristics in the Hailar River basin, China, over an extensive period. Our results revealed that CODMn and CODCr were the primary concerns for long-term river management, with exceedance rates of 42.92% and 50.62%, respectively. These exceedances were predominantly driven by interactions between riparian soils and surface water, rather than anthropogenic pollution, as suggested by the strong correlations between dissolved organic carbon and soil water-extractable organic carbon, and the limited human footprint in this region. Piper trilinear and Gibbs diagram analysis further revealed that long-term rack weathering shaped the basin's hydrochemical characteristics, resulting in distinct HCO3--Ca2+ and HCO3--Ca2+-Na+ signatures. In addition, APCS-MLR analysis identified that elevated of CODMn and CODCr levels were mainly attributed to the interactions with adjacent soils, which are extensively covered by forests and grasslands. In contrast, leaching and migration processes contributed significantly on total dissolved solids and total phosphorus. The study also found that environmental self-purification processes played a key role in regulating Fe concentrations. This investigation provides a nuanced understanding of the environmental background's influence on hydrochemistry and dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Hailar River basin, which offers valuable insights and methodologies for the rational assessment of water quality and aquatic ecosystem health in similar riverine systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xie
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
- Institute of Environmental Geology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Sen Chai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Zhongli Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
- Institute of Environmental Geology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
| | - Yuanqing Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Yangzheng Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Xingjun Zhou
- Inner Mongolia Environmental Monitoring Center, Hohhot, 010011, China
| | - Changwei Lü
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
- Institute of Environmental Geology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Y, Zhu D, Niu L, Zhang W, Wang L, Zhang H, Zou S, Zhou C. Carbon-fixing bacteria in diverse groundwaters of karst area: Distribution patterns, ecological interactions, and driving factors. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 261:121979. [PMID: 38941678 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
The biological carbon pump in karst areas is of great significance for maintaining the effectiveness of karst carbon sinks. However, the spatial distribution and carbon-fixing potential of microorganisms in different aquifers within karst areas remain poorly understood. In this study, the distribution patterns, ecological roles, and environmental drivers of microbiota associated with CO2 fixation were investigated in karst groundwater (KW), porous groundwater (PW), fractured groundwater (FW), and surface water (SW) within a typical karst watershed, located in Guilin, southwest China. KW, PW, and FW displayed the similar community structure and indicative carbon-fixing bacteria composition, which were dominated by chemoautotrophic bacteria compared to SW. Higher abundances of indicative carbon-fixing bacteria and carbon-fixing genes, as well as richer proportions of microbial-derived DOC, indicated the more significant microbial carbon-fixing potential in KW and PW. At the profile of KW, a carbon-fixing hotspot was discovered at the depths of 0-50 m. Correlation analysis between carbon-fixing bacteria and DOC revealed that the chemoautotrophic process driven by nitrogen and sulfur oxidation predominated the microbial carbon fixation in groundwater. Co-occurrence network analysis demonstrated that carbon-fixing bacteria exhibited cooperation with other bacterial taxa in KW, while competition was the dominant interaction in PW. Moreover, carbon-fixing bacteria was found to lead bacterial assembly more deterministic in KW. The analysis of environmental factors and microbial diversity illustrated that inorganic carbon and redox state drove community variations across groundwaters. Structural equation model (SEM) further confirmed that ORP was the primary factor influencing the carbon fixation potential. This study provides a new insight into biological carbon fixation in karst aquatic systems, which holds significance in the accurate assessment of karst carbon sinks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Danni Zhu
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Lihua Niu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Longfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Huanjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Shengzhang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR&GZAR, Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS, Guilin 541004, China; Guangxi Karst Resources and Environment Research Center of Engineering Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Changsong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR&GZAR, Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS, Guilin 541004, China; Guangxi Karst Resources and Environment Research Center of Engineering Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cao X, Xu YJ, Long G, Wu P, Liu Z. Dissolved carbon in effluent of wastewater treatment plants and its potential impacts in the receiving karst river. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118570. [PMID: 38417655 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
The dissolved carbon cycling in river system fueled by wastewater treatment plant effluent have been a research hotspot. However, the composition of dissolved carbon (DC) in wastewater effluents from karst regions remains poorly understood, resulting in a lack of clarity regarding its impact on the dynamics of dissolved carbon in karst rivers. To address this knowledge gap, this study investigated variations of dissolved inorganic (DIC) and organic C (DOC) components in effluent in karst regions and preliminarily discussed their influence on the DC cycling in karst rivers. The results showed that bicarbonate (HCO3-) in WWTP effluents makes more than 90% of the total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). The partial pressure of aqueous CO2 (pCO2) of the effluent reached 14450 ± 10084μtam, and pCO2 level declined with increasing river distance from the effluent discharge, effluent acted as a strong CO2 emitter to the atmosphere. Stable carbon isotope and water chemistry evidence revealed that organic matter degradation made important contributions to the high CO2 concentrations in effluent. PHREEQC mixing simulation together with filed samples data indicated that the DIC species can be changed, and pCO2 increased in receiving karst river water after mixed with effluent. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of effluent contained humic-like and protein-tryptophan-like, both of them appeared important and recent autochthonous, which could interfere the distinguish the sources of DOC in receiving karst river water. Thus, these findings highlight that the effluent can be an essential factor for the changes of the karst riverine DC pool, which advance our understanding on karst riverine DC evolution under anthropogenic activities. As more than 30% of the earth surface in China, northern America, and Europe are covered by carbonate rocks, this study has relevant implications for other karst regions as it underscores the influence of WWTP effluents on the carbon cycle in karst rivers. Such information and knowledge are valuable for monitoring and managing effluent-receiving river in other karst regions in the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Cao
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Y Jun Xu
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA; Coastal Studies Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Guangxi Long
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Pan Wu
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Zhangxing Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Guiyang 550025, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kang S, Kim JH, Ryu JS, Bong YS, Shin KH. Contribution of carbonate-derived dissolved inorganic carbon into autochthonous particulate organic carbon in two small temperate Korean rivers (Geum and Seomjin). Heliyon 2024; 10:e31154. [PMID: 38813210 PMCID: PMC11133662 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we estimated the contributions of carbonate mineral weathering to dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and carbonate-derived DIC to autochthonous particulate organic carbon (POC) in two temperate Korean rivers. We combined stoichiometric and stable carbon isotopic approaches to calculate the contribution of autochthonous POC, considering diverse riverine DIC sources. We collected surface water samples from May 2016 to May 2018 and analyzed the major ion composition of rivers along with the concentrations and stable carbon isotopes of DIC. Our estimates showed that the relative abundances of carbonate mineral weathering (0.41 ± 0.11 in the Geum River and 0.43 ± 0.07 in the Seomjin River) were only slightly lower than those of silicate mineral weathering (0.59 ± 0.1 in the Geum River and 0.57 ± 0.07 in the Seomjin River). The resulting percentage contributions of DIC derived from the carbonate mineral weathering to riverine autochthonous POC, if we consider the additional DIC sources of atmospheric and soil-derived CO2, were 10 ± 3 % in the Geum River and 2 ± 1 % in the Seomjin River. The calculated annual fluxes of carbonate-derived DIC for 2016-2018 were 23.2 ± 0.3 Gg C yr-1 in the Geum River and 1.1 ± 0.4 Gg C yr-1 in the Seomjin River. Moreover, the calculated annual fluxes of carbonate-derived POC were 3.6 ± 0.5 Gg C yr-1 in the Geum River and 0.1 ± 0.7 Gg C yr-1 in the Seomjin River. Accordingly, our study provides the first insight into the contribution of carbonate-derived DIC to riverine autochthonous POC in small temperate Korean river systems, dominated by silicate rocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Kang
- Hanyang University ERICA, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- KOPRI Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, South Korea
| | - Jong-Sik Ryu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Yeon Sik Bong
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk, 28119, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Hanyang University ERICA, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu H, Xiao Q, Dai Y, Chen D, Zhang C, Jiang Y, Xie J. Selected Bacteria Are Critical for Karst River Carbon Sequestration via Integrating Multi-omics and Hydrochemistry Data. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 86:3043-3056. [PMID: 37831075 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02307-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon (RDOC) produced by microbial carbon pumps (MCPs) in the ocean is crucial for carbon sequestration and regulating climate change in the history of Earth. However, the importance of microbes on RDOC formation in terrestrial aquatic systems, such as rivers and lakes, remains to be determined. By integrating metagenomic (MG) and metatranscriptomic (MT) sequencing, we defined the microbial communities and their transcriptional activities in both water and silt of a typical karst river, the Lijiang River, in Southwest China. Betaproteobacteria predominated in water, serving as the most prevalent population remodeling components of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Binning method recovered 45 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from water and silt. Functional annotation of MAGs showed Proteobacteria was less versatile in degrading complex carbon, though cellulose and chitin utilization genes were widespread in this phylum, whereas Bacteroidetes had high potential for the utilization of macro-molecular organic carbon. Metabolic remodeling revealed that increased shared metabolites within the bacterial community are associated with increased concentration of DOC, highlighting the significance of microbial cooperation during producing and remodeling of carbon components. Beta-oxidation, leucine degradation, and mevalonate (MVA) modules were significantly positively correlated with the concentration of RDOC. Blockage of the leucine degradation pathway in Limnohabitans and UBA4660-related MAGs were associated with decreased RDOC in the karst river, while the Fluviicola-related MAG containing a complete leucine degradation pathway was positively correlated with RDOC concentration. Collectively, our study revealed the linkage between bacteria metabolic processes and carbon sequestration. This provided novel insights into the microbial roles in karst-rivers carbon sink.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Xu
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environment of Three Gorges Reservoir, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qiong Xiao
- Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS, Key Laboratory on Karst Dynamics, MNR & Guangxi, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yongdong Dai
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environment of Three Gorges Reservoir, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Dexin Chen
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environment of Three Gorges Reservoir, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS, Key Laboratory on Karst Dynamics, MNR & Guangxi, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Yongjun Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment & School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Jianping Xie
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environment of Three Gorges Reservoir, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment & School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Guan X, He R, Zhang B, Gao C, Liu F. Seasonal variations of microbial community structure, assembly processes, and influencing factors in karst river. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1133938. [PMID: 37032860 PMCID: PMC10075313 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1133938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The physicochemical properties and microbial communities have significant annual and seasonal changes in karst aquifers. To explore the changes of microbial community and their relationships with environmental factors, water samples were collected from a typical karst river. Microbial communities in winter (Jan-2017 and Jan-2019) were stable with high similarity in spite of the 2 years sampling interval, but the microbial communities in Aug-2017 was different from that in Aug-2018. In four sampling times, there were 275 shared genera, whose average relative abundance ranging from 89.04 to 96.27%. The winter and summer specific genera were mainly from the recharge of tributary site K6 and discharge of waste water treatment plant (K2 and K3), respectively. The deterministic processes had a more significant effect on the microbial community assembly in winter than that in summer, which was affected by environmental pressure from pollution. Furthermore, antibiotics and inorganic nitrogen pollution affected element cycles of nitrogen and sulfur indirectly through microbial ecological modules in karst river, and the denitrification and desulfurization processes were potentially inhibited. These findings contributed to understand the changes and its assembly mechanism of microbial community, as well as the feedback to environment in polluted karst river.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Guan
- School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruoxue He
- School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Discipline Construction and Technology Development, Chengdu Technological University, Chengdu, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengjie Gao
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Conservation of MWR, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ni M, Li S. Dynamics and internal links of dissolved carbon in a karst river system: Implications for composition, origin and fate. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119289. [PMID: 36323213 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved carbon (DC) deciphers biotic and abiotic processes in aquatic ecosystems, representing a critical component of global carbon cycling. However, underlying drivers of riverine DC dynamics and internal links have yet to be studied. Here, we investigated fluvial physicochemical characteristics, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) species, carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) compositions and properties in a karst river system Qijiang, Southwest China. Carbonate dissolution combined with photosynthetic uptake could explain dynamics of DIC species. Carbon sequestration caused low-magnitude of partial pressure of aqueous CO2 (pCO2, 620.3 ± 1028.7 μatm) and water-air CO2 flux (F, 154.3 ± 772.6 mmol/m2/d), yielding an annual CO2 emission of 0.079 Tg CO2/y. Relatively high biological index (BIX, 0.77-0.96 on average) but low humification index (HIX, 0.67-0.78 on average) indicated notable autochthonous processes. Humic-like component was the predominant DOC, accounting for 39.0%-75.2% with a mean of 57.2% ± 6.17%. Meanwhile, tryptophan-like component (5.84% ± 2.31%) was also identified as collective DOC by parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) across samples. Biological metabolism established internal linkages between DIC and DOC in the karst river system. Our findings highlighted biological process as a determinant for DC cycling in karst aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maofei Ni
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention Laboratory, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Siyue Li
- Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Binet S, Charlier JB, Jozja N, Défarge C, Moquet JS. Evidence of long term biogeochemical interactions in carbonate weathering: The role of planktonic microorganisms and riverine bivalves in a large fluviokarst system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156823. [PMID: 35738376 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The infiltration of organic-rich surface waters towards groundwaters, is known to play a significant role in carbonate weathering and in contributing to the atmospheric continental carbon sink. This paper investigated biogeochemical interactions in karst critical zones, with strong surface water /groundwater interactions, and in particular the role of planktonic microorganisms and riverine bivalves through the analysis of particulate organic matter (OM) oxidation on carbonate weathering. In the large Val d'Orléans fluviokarst aquifer (France), a 20-year monthly dataset of Nitrates, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), dissolved inorganic and organic Carbon (DIC and DOC) fluxes was gathered. The surface water-groundwater comparison of geochemical trends showed that planktonic microorganisms had drastically decreased in surface waters, related to the proliferation of Corbicula bivalves spreading and a decrease in nutrients. This decrease in planktonic microorganisms was followed by a DO increase and an DIC decrease at the karst resurgence. The degradation of planktonic microorganisms consumes DO and produces NO3, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and a proton that in turn, dissolves calcite and produces DIC. Without the input from planktonic microorganisms, the fluviokarst has lost 29 % of this nitrification and 12 % of the carbonate dissolution capacities. Thus, the oxidation of particulate organic matter of planktonic microorganisms, which is part of heterotrophic respiration, appears to be a significant source of the inorganic carbon flux in riverine ecosystems. This shows how weathering can remain active under waters saturated versus calcite and suggests that the oxidation of organic matter can be a more appropriate mechanism than autotrophic respiration to explain the relationship between global warming and DIC flux change in rivers. Through the consumption of plankton, the animal life in rivers thus influences the inorganic carbon in groundwaters, creating a negative feedback in the carbon cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Binet
- University of Orléans - INSU/CNRS - BRGM, UMR 7327, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), 1A rue de la Férollerie, F-45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
| | - Jean-Baptiste Charlier
- BRGM, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France; G-eau, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, AgroParisTech, Supagro, BRGM, Montpellier, France
| | - Nevila Jozja
- University of Orléans, CETRAHE, 8 rue Léonard de Vinci, F-45072 Orléans cédex 2, France
| | - Christian Défarge
- University of Orléans - INSU/CNRS - BRGM, UMR 7327, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), 1A rue de la Férollerie, F-45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France; University of Orléans, CETRAHE, 8 rue Léonard de Vinci, F-45072 Orléans cédex 2, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Moquet
- University of Orléans - INSU/CNRS - BRGM, UMR 7327, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), 1A rue de la Férollerie, F-45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li P, Yuan D, Huang Y, Lin K. Improving the measurement of total dissolved sulfide in natural waters: A new on-site flow injection analysis method. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 829:154594. [PMID: 35307437 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Total dissolved sulfide (TDS) plays multiple important roles in the aquatic environments. However, the determination of trace levels of TDS in natural waters is challenging because TDS is vulnerable to oxidation and volatilization. In this study, a fully automated flow injection analysis spectrophotometric system, incorporating a hollow fiber membrane contactor (HFMC) and a long path length liquid waveguide capillary cell, was fabricated to facilitate the on-site measurement of trace TDS in natural waters. The HFMC was used for matrix separation and analyte preconcentration. The measurement was based on the reaction of sulfide and N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine in the presence of FeCl3 under acidic conditions to yield methylene blue (MB). The proposed method was highly sensitive, with detection and quantification limits of 0.57 and 1.90 nmol L-1, respectively. The linear working range was from 1.90 to 150 nmol L-1, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9995. The repeatability, expressed as the relative standard deviation, was less than 0.86% (n = 15) and the recoveries varied from 76.2 ± 0.1% to 103.9 ± 0.6% (n = 3) for spiked samples. This method was applied to conduct a field analysis of TDS in a reservoir, giving results aligned with those obtained using a standard MB method. This work demonstrates that the new method for determining TDS was effective for both laboratory analysis and on-site measurement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen 361102, PR China; College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Dongxing Yuan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen 361102, PR China; College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Yongming Huang
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Kunde Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen 361102, PR China; College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
He Q, Xiao Q, Fan J, Zhao H, Cao M, Zhang C, Jiang Y. The impact of heterotrophic bacteria on recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon formation in a typical karstic river. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152576. [PMID: 34995608 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon (RDOC) resulting from microbial carbon (MCPs) holds promise as a relatively long-term natural carbon sink in marine environments. However, the RDOC formation mechanism remains uncertain in terrestrial aquatic systems. To determine the microbial impacts on autochthonous dissolved organic carbon (DOC), RDOC formation, and the critical influencing bacteria species, spatial changes in hydrochemistry, carbon isotopes, and microbial diversity were investigated in water samples from the karstic Lijiang River, southwest China. Samples were collected at various locations along the river system in May and July 2017. The biodegradable DOC (BDOC), RDOC, soil sourced DOC (SDOC), submerged aquatic vascular plant sourced DOC (PDOC) and microbial sourced DOC (MDOC) were calculated using the in-situ microbial incubation method, stable carbon isotopes and C/N ratio. RDOC accounted for 67% to 93% of DOC concentrations, measuring 1.3 mg/L and 1.2 mg/L in May and July, respectively. In May, BDOC concentrations increased by 0.05 mg/L from 0.18 mg/L to 0.23 mg/L, but decreased by 0.43 mg/L from 0.66 mg/L to 0.23 mg/L in July. The spatiotemporal variation of BDOC indicated photosynthesis was the main BDOC source and induced high autochthonous DOC formation, especially in May. However, RDOC was the dominant accumulation component in Lijiang River. MDOC increased by 0.86 mg/L from 0 to 0.86 mg/L in May and 0.78 mg/L from 0.10 mg/L to 0.88 mg/L in July, which was the dominant accumulated DOC and RDOC component. The abundance of Sporichthyaceae accounted for 3.4%-22.6% in May and Novosphingobium accounted for 3.5%-34.0% in July. These were the critical bacteria species induced MDOC formation, which were confirmed by their abundances in KEGG pathway modules determined by PICRUAST2. These results demonstrate that heterotrophic bacteria dominate autochthonous DOC and RDOC formation in the karst surface river, which is valuable for understanding organic carbon cycling in karstic aquatic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiufang He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment & School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Ministry of Nature Resources/Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Qiong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Ministry of Nature Resources/Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jiaxing Fan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment & School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China
| | - Haijuan Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment & School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China
| | - Min Cao
- School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, 650500, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Ministry of Nature Resources/Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yongjun Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment & School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao M, Sun H, Liu Z, Bao Q, Chen B, Yang M, Yan H, Li D, He H, Wei Y, Cai G. Organic carbon source tracing and the BCP effect in the Yangtze River and the Yellow River: Insights from hydrochemistry, carbon isotope, and lipid biomarker analyses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:152429. [PMID: 34952062 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Autochthonous organic carbon (AOC) formed by biological carbon pump (BCP) in surface waters may serve as a significant carbon sink. The locations, magnitudes, variations and mechanisms responsible for the terrestrial missing carbon sink by BCP are uncertain, especially in large river systems. In this study, hydrochemical characteristics, carbon isotope compositions of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and organic carbon (OC), n-alkane homologues and C/N ratios of organic matter along the Yangtze River and the Yellow River were investigated to constrain the OC source and the significance of BCP effect. It was found that (1) DIC concentrations in the Yellow River were much higher than those in the Yangtze River, which was controlled primarily by the temperature effect; (2) AOC in the both rivers was characterized by lower C/N ratios and δ13CPOC values. Based on calculation of n-alkanes compounds, the AOC proportions ranged from 29 to 88% (49% on average, with a higher proportion (55%) in the rainy season than in the dry season (46%)) and 19-68% (41% on average; with a lower proportion in the rainy season (31%) than in the dry season (51%)) in the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, respectively, indicating intense aquatic production. Low dissolved CO2 concentration (6.17 μmol/L on average) of the Yangtze River limited the aquatic production and decreased the BCP effect in the dry season, indicated by lower AOC proportion. However, the BCP effect increased in the Yellow River in the dry season mainly due to the increased light penetration; (3) even in high turbidity riverine systems such as the Yellow River, the aquatic photosynthetic uptake of DIC could produce considerable AOC. These findings clearly show the formation of AOC by BCP in both the clear and high turbidity riverine systems, suggesting a potential direction for finding the terrestrial missing carbon sink.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Hailong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Zaihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, Guiyang 550081, China.
| | - Qian Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, Guiyang 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Mingxing Yang
- College of Resource and Environment, Guizhou University of Technology, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Hao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, Guiyang 550081, China; International Center for Isotope Effects Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, Guiyang 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haibo He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Yu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Guanxia Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, Guiyang 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|