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Li B, Zuo Q, Deng J, Deng Z, Li P, Wu J. Enhanced inactivation of Escherichia coli through hydrogen peroxide decomposition assisted by nanoscale cupric oxide-decorated activated carbon. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 362:121327. [PMID: 38824892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
In this study, nanoscale cupric oxide-decorated activated carbon (nCuO@AC) was synthesized by impregnation-calcination and employed to assist the decomposition of H2O2 for effective sterilization with Escherichia coli as target bacteria. Characteristic technologies demonstrated that copper oxide particles of 50-100 nm were uniformly distributed on AC surface. Owing to electron transfer from hydroxyl and aldehyde to CuO on AC, surface-bonded Cu(II) was partially reduced to Cu(I) in the nCuO matrix. The resultant Cu(I) expedited the decomposition of H2O2 and converted it into ·OH radicals which were identified by quenching experiment and electron paramagnetic resonance test. Due to oxidation attack of generated ·OH, the nCuO@AC-H2O2 system achieved a much higher inactivation rate of 6.0 log within 30 min as compared to those of 2.1 and 1.3 log in the nCuO@AC and nCuO-H2O2 systems. It also exhibited excellent pH adaptability and high inactivation efficiency under neutral conditions. After four cycles, the nCuO@AC-H2O2 system could still inactivate 5.5 log bacteria, indicating excellent stability and reusability of nCuO@AC. Spent nCuO@AC could be regenerated by eluting surficial copper oxides with hydrochloric acid, and re-coating nCuO particles through impregnation-calcination with a regeneration rate of 96.6%. Our results demonstrated that nCuO@AC was an efficient and prospective catalyst to assist the decomposition of H2O2 for effective inactivation of bacteria in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qian Zuo
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jianping Deng
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Institute of Energy Research, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, China
| | - Zhiyi Deng
- School of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinhua Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Eco-Remediation of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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2
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Hu X, Wang S, Feng R, Hu K. Natural organic small molecules promote the aging of plastic wastes and refractory carbon decomposition in water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:134043. [PMID: 38492386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics and nanoplastics are ubiquitous in rivers and undergo environmental aging. However, the molecular mechanisms of plastic aging and the in-depth effects of aging on ecological functions remain unclear in waters. The synergies of microplastics and nanoplastics (polystyrene as an example) with natural organic small molecules (e.g., natural hyaluronic acid and vitamin C related to biological tissue decomposition) are the key to producing radicals (•OH and •C). The radicals promote the formation of bubbles on plastic surfaces and generate derivatives of plastics such as monomer and dimer styrene. Nanoplastics are easier to age than microplastics. Pristine plastics inhibit the microbial Shannon diversity index and evenness, but the opposite results are observed for aging plastics. Pristine plastics curb pectin decomposition (an indicator of plant-originated refractory carbon), but aging plastics promote pectin decomposition. Microplastics and nanoplastics undergoing aging processes enhance the carbon biogeochemical cycle. For example, the increased carbohydrate active enzyme diversity, especially the related glycoside hydrolase and functional species Pseudomonas and Clostridium, contributes to refractory carbon decomposition. Different from the well-studied toxicity and aging of plastic pollutants, this study connects plastic pollutants with biological tissue decomposition, biodiversity and climate change together in rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Shuting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ruihong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Kai Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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3
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Raikar LG, Gandhi J, Gupta KVK, Prakash H. Degradation of Ampicillin with antibiotic activity removal using persulfate and submersible UVC LED: Kinetics, mechanism, electrical energy and cost analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140831. [PMID: 38040251 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Effective water treatment to remove antibiotics and its activity from contaminated water is urgently needed to prevent antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) emergence. In this study, we investigated degradation of Ampicillin (AMP), an extensively used β-lactam antibiotic, using submersible Ultraviolet C Light Emitting Diode (λmax = 276 nm) irradiation source, and Persulfate (UVC LED/PS system). Pseudo first order rate constant (kobs) for degradation of AMP (1 ppm) by UVC LED/PS system was determined to be 0.5133 min-1 (PS = 0.2 mM). kobs value at pH 2.5 (0.7259 min-1) was found to be higher than pH 6.5 (0.5133 min-1) and pH 12 (0.1745 min-1). kobs value for degradation of AMP in deionized water spiked with inorganic anions (Cl-=0.5369 min-1,SO42-=0.4545 min-1, NO3-=0.1526 min-1, HCO3-=0.0226 min-1), in real tap water (0.1182 min-1) and simulated ground water (0.0372 min-1) were presented. Radical scavenging experiment reveal involvement of sulfate radical anion and hydroxyl radical in UVC LED/PS system. EPR analysis confirms the generation of sulfate radical anion and hydroxyl radical. Importantly, 74% reduction of total organic carbon (TOC) occurred within 60 min of AMP treatment by UVC LED/PS system. Seven degradation by-products were identified by high resolution mass spectrometry, and degradation pathways were proposed. Antibacterial activity of AMP towards Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus was completely removed after UVC LED/PS treatment. ECOSAR model predicted no very toxic degradation by-products generation by UVC LED/PS system. Electrical Energy per order (EEo) and cost of UVC LED/PS system were determined to be 0.9351 kW/m3/order and ₹ 7.91/m3 ($ 0.095/m3 or € 0.087/m3), respectively. Overall, this study highlights, UVC LED/PS system as energy efficient, low-cost, and its potential to emerge as sulfate radical anion based advanced oxidation process (AOP) to treat water with antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxman G Raikar
- Energy and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, NH17B, Zuarinagar, Goa, 403726, India
| | - Jemi Gandhi
- Energy and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, NH17B, Zuarinagar, Goa, 403726, India
| | - K V K Gupta
- Kwality Photonics Pvt. Ltd., Kushaiguda, Hyderabad, 500062, India
| | - Halan Prakash
- Energy and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, NH17B, Zuarinagar, Goa, 403726, India.
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4
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Li YQ, Sun R, Zhang CM, Liu ZX, Chen RT, Zhao J, Gu HD, Yin HC. Inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms in water by electron beam excitation multi-wavelength ultraviolet irradiation: Efficiency, influence factors and mechanism. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 350:119597. [PMID: 38029495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Due to the limitations of traditional ultraviolet (UV) in microbial inactivation in water, it is necessary to explore a more suitable and efficient UV disinfection method. In this study, an electron beam excitation multi-wavelength ultraviolet (EBE-MW-UV) system was established and aims to analyze its differential microbial inactivation capabilities in comparison to single-wavelength UV-LEDs in waterborne applications. Furthermore, the inactivation mechanisms of this system on microorganisms were explored. The results showed that EBE-MW-UV had significantly higher inactivation effects on the Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans in water compared to UV-LEDs (p<0.05), and the inactivation effect of EBE-MW-UV on Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at the same UV dose was 3.8 and 1.9 log higher than that of UV-LEDs, respectively, EBE-MW-UV exhibited better inactivation effects on Gram-negative bacteria. Further research found that, under the majority of irradiation doses, neither EBE-MW-UV nor UV-LEDs were significantly affected by the concentration of suspended solids (5 and 20 mg/L) or humic acids (2 and 5 mg/L) in the water. Mechanism analysis revealed that during the disinfection process of EBE-MW-UV, microbial DNA and proteins were initially damaged, which prevented the occurrence of dark repair and led to bacterial inactivation. In addition, UV irradiation led to the production of additional reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside the cells, increasing cell membrane permeability and exacerbating membrane damage. This was accompanied by a decrease in energy metabolism and depletion of ATP, ultimately resulting in microbial inactivation. Therefore, EBE-MW-UV demonstrated more effective disinfection than single-wavelength UV-LEDs, showing great potential. Our research gives new insights into the characteristics of multiple wavelength ultraviolet, and provides scientific basis for the selection of new light sources in the field of ultraviolet disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qiang Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Rui Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Chong-Miao Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Zi-Xuan Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Rui-Tao Chen
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Shanghai NovelUv Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Hua-Dong Gu
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Huan-Cai Yin
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China.
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5
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He Z, Shen J, Li Q, Yang Y, Zhang D, Pan X. Bacterial metal(loid) resistance genes (MRGs) and their variation and application in environment: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:162148. [PMID: 36758696 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Toxic metal(loid)s are widespread and permanent in the biosphere, and bacteria have evolved a wide variety of metal(loid) resistance genes (MRGs) to resist the stress of excess metal(loid)s. Via active efflux, permeability barriers, extracellular/intracellular sequestration, enzymatic detoxification and reduction in metal(loid)s sensitivity of cellular targets, the key components of bacterial cells are protected from toxic metal(loid)s to maintain their normal physiological functions. Exploiting bacterial metal(loid) resistance mechanisms, MRGs have been applied in many environmental fields. Based on the specific binding ability of MRGs-encoded regulators to metal(loid)s, MRGs-dependent biosensors for monitoring environmental metal(loid)s are developed. MRGs-related biotechnologies have been applied to environmental remediation of metal(loid)s by using the metal(loid) tolerance, biotransformation, and biopassivation abilities of MRGs-carrying microorganisms. In this work, we review the historical evolution, resistance mechanisms, environmental variation, and environmental applications of bacterial MRGs. The potential hazards, unresolved problems, and future research directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfei He
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaquan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qunqun Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daoyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
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6
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Gandhi J, Prakash H. Photo-disinfection Processes for Bacterial Inactivation and Underlying Principles for Water Constituents’ Impact: A Review. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2023.100482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
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7
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Arekhi M, Terry LG, Clement TP. Characterizing the efficiency of low-cost LED lights for conducting laboratory studies to investigate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon photodegradation processes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 217:114951. [PMID: 36436555 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are common contaminants ubiquitously present in various waste products such as biosolids (e.g. wastewater sludges), oil spill residues (e.g. tarballs), road asphalts, and combustion byproducts. In this study, the photodegradation of PAHs is investigated under natural sunlight (cloudy and sunny/clear weather conditions), and using two types of artificial LED light sources. This is the first study to investigate the relative efficiency of low-cost LED light sources for conducting laboratory-scale PAH photodegradation experiments and directly comparing the results against those obtained using natural sunlight. Two types of LED light sources are investigated in this study: a light source with a full-spectrum range (380 nm-780 nm) that can cover the broad wavelength range of solar light reaching the Earth's surface, and a light source with a UV-A range (365 nm) that covers the UV range of the solar spectrum reaching the Earth's surface. The results show that the degradation of high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs is primarily due to photodegradation, and other lighter PAHs are degraded by both photodegradation and evaporation processes. HMW PAH photodegradation reactions follow the first-order degradation kinetics. The degradation rate constants of different PAHs are used to compare the relative efficiency of the light sources. The data show that the full-spectrum LED induced PAH photodegradation rates are similar to the natural sunlight induced rates. Furthermore, when the values of the rate constants are normalized to respective irradiance levels, the normalized rates for HMW PAH photodegradation under both full-spectrum LED light and natural sunlight are almost identical. However, the normalized photodegradation rate constants of HMW PAHs under the UV-A LED light are about two to three orders of magnitude higher than the sunlight as well as the full-spectrum-LED values. Therefore, the UV-A LED light is the optimal low-cost light source for studying PAH photodegradation processes under laboratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieh Arekhi
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Leigh G Terry
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - T Prabhakar Clement
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA.
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8
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Xu MY, Lin YL, Zhang TY, Hu CY, Tang YL, Deng J, Xu B. Chlorine dioxide-based oxidation processes for water purification:A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129195. [PMID: 35739725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) has emerged as a broad-spectrum, safe, and effective disinfectant due to its high oxidation efficiency and reduced formation of organochlorinated by-products during application. This article provides an updated overview of ClO2-based oxidation processes used in water treatment. A systematic review of scientific information and experimental data on ClO2-based water purification procedures is presented. Concerning ClO2-based oxidation derivative problems, the pros and cons of ClO2-based combined processes are assessed and disinfection by-product (DBP) control approaches are proposed. The kinetic and mechanistic data on ClO2 reactivity towards micropollutants are discussed. ClO2 selectively reacts with electron-rich moieties (anilines, phenols, olefins, and amines) and eliminates certain inorganic ions and microorganisms with high efficiency. The formation of chlorite and chlorate during the oxidation process is a crucial concern when utilizing ClO2. Future applications include the combination of ClO2 with ferrous ions, activated carbon, ozone, UV, visible light, or persulfate processes. The combined process can reduce by-product generation while still ensuring ClO2 sterilization and disinfection. Overall, this research could provide useful information and new insights into the application of ClO2-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yi-Li Lin
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tian-Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Chen-Yan Hu
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, PR China
| | - Yu-Lin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jing Deng
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, PR China
| | - Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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9
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Kokate S, Gupta S, Kopuri VG, Prakash H. Energy efficient photocatalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate by g-C 3N 4 under 400 nm LED irradiation for degradation of Acid Orange 7. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132099. [PMID: 34509761 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) by graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is emerging as a sulfate radical anion based advanced oxidation process (S-AOP) for degradation of organic pollutants. Importantly, photocatalytic activation of PMS by g-C3N4 is energy intensive as light irradiation requires high electrical energy. Here, we studied activation of PMS by g-C3N4 under 400 nm light emitting diode (LED) irradiation (g-C3N4/PMS/400-LED system) for degradation of Acid Orange 7 (AO7). LED array having optical emission maximum around 400 nm (FWHM = 16 nm), with electrical input power of 1.54 W (14 V and 110 mA) was used for irradiation. Pseudo-first order rate constant (kobs) value for degradation of AO7 by g-C3N4/PMS/400-LED system was determined to be 0.094 min-1. O2·-, SO4·- were revealed by radical scavenging and ESR investigations. kobs value in simulated ground and real tap water were determined to be 0.068 min-1 and 0.063 min-1, respectively. g-C3N4 was stable, and reused four times without any significant loss in its photocatalytic activity. Importantly, electrical energy per order (EEO) for degradation of AO7 by g-C3N4/PMS/400-LED system was determined to be 24.51 kWh m-3 order-1. In contrast, the EEO value for the degradation of AO7 by g-C3N4 activated PMS under visible light irradiation (>400 nm), using conventional xenon lamp, (g-C3N4/PMS/Vis-Xe system) was found to be very high as 2702 kWh m-3 order-1. Thus, the study highlights, LED irradiation source is promising for the development of energy efficient g-C3N4 photocatalytic activation of PMS for removal of organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kokate
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, NH17B, Zuarinagar, Vasco, Goa, 403726, India; Aditya Birla Science & Technology Co. Pvt. Ltd., Taloja, Mumbai, 410208, India
| | - Smita Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, NH17B, Zuarinagar, Vasco, Goa, 403726, India
| | | | - Halan Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, NH17B, Zuarinagar, Vasco, Goa, 403726, India.
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10
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Zhu H, Zou H. Ultra-efficient catalytic degradation of malachite green dye wastewater by KMnO 4-modified biochar (Mn/SRBC). RSC Adv 2022; 12:27002-27011. [PMID: 36320839 PMCID: PMC9494031 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04263k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, KMnO4-modified biochar was prepared from spirulina residue as the research object. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, and catalytic degradation performance of KMnO4-modified biochar, given that heterogeneous catalytic oxidation is an effective way to treat dye wastewater rapidly. The Mn/SRBC catalyst prepared by KMnO4 modification was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption and laser Raman spectroscopy. In addition, we compared the results with that of the unmodified SRBC. The results showed that the Mn/SRBC catalyst prepared by KMnO4 modification had a rich pore structure, which provided sufficient contact area for the catalytic reaction. In the presence of H2O2, the catalyst could be used to catalyze the oxidative degradation of malachite green in aqueous solution with ultra-high efficiency. In the experiment, the initial pH values of the reaction system had a significant influence on the reaction rate. The removal effect of biochar on the malachite green was poor in an alkaline environment. Within a specific range, the removal rate of malachite green was proportional to the concentration of H2O2 in the reaction system. The degradation rate of malachite green dye at 8000 mg L−1 was about 99% in the presence of the catalyst over 5 mmol L−1 hydrogen peroxide for 30 min. These results show the potential application of algae residue biochar and carbon-based composite catalysts for degrading and removing dye wastewater. In this work, KMnO4-modified biochar was prepared from spirulina residue as the research object.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhu
- Department of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiming Zou
- Department of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, People's Republic of China
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11
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Lin CJ, Wang PY, Lin YL, Chang ST, Hsu CS, Wu SP, Wu CH. Nonpolar Side Chains Affect the Photochemical Redox Reactions of Copper(II)-Amino Acid Complexes in Aqueous Solutions. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:28194-28202. [PMID: 34723017 PMCID: PMC8552463 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical redox reactions of Cu(II) complexes of eight amino acid ligands (L) with nonpolar side chains have been systematically investigated in deaerated aqueous solutions. Under irradiation at 313 nm, the intramolecular carboxylate-to-Cu(II) charge transfer within Cu(II)-amino acid complexes leads to Cu(I) formation and the concomitant decomposition of amino acids. All amino acid systems studied here can produce ammonia and aldehydes except proline. For the 1:1 Cu(II) complex species (CuL), the Cu(I) quantum yields at 313 nm (ΦCu(I),CuL) vary by fivefold and in the sequence (0.10 M ionic strength at 25 °C) alanine (0.094) > valine (0.059), leucine (0.059), isoleucine (0.056), phenylalanine (0.057) > glycine (0.052) > methionine (0.032) > proline (0.019). This trend can be rationalized by considering the stability of the carbon-centered radicals and the efficient depopulation of the photoexcited state, both of which are dependent on the side-chain structure. For the 1:2 Cu(II) complex species (CuL2), the Cu(I) quantum yields exhibit a similar trend and are always less than those for CuL. The photoformation rates of ammonia, Cu(I), and aldehydes are in the ratio of 1:2.0 ± 0.2:0.7 ± 0.2, which supports the proposed mechanism. This study suggests that the direct phototransformation of Cu(II)-amino acid complexes may contribute to the bioavailable nitrogen for aquatic microorganisms and cause biological damage on cell surfaces in sunlit waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Jui Lin
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yen Wang
- Department
of Civil Engineering, Widener University, Chester, Pennsylvania 19013, United States
| | - Yi-Liang Lin
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Te Chang
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Sheng Hsu
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Pao Wu
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming
Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hou Wu
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Institute
of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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