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Wu Y, Wang Y, Zhong D, Cui J, Sun W, Jiang Y. Enhancing and sustaining arsenic removal in a zerovalent iron-based magnetic flow-through water treatment system. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 263:122199. [PMID: 39128421 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
In areas affected by arsenicosis, zerovalent iron (ZVI)/sand filters are extensively used by households to treat groundwater, but ZVI surface passivation and filter clogging limit their arsenic (As) removal performance. Here we present a magnetic confinement-enabled column reactor coupled with periodic ultrasonic depassivation (MCCR-PUD), which efficiently and sustainably removes As by reaction with continuously generated iron (oxyhydr)oxides from ZVI oxidative corrosion. In the MCCR, ZVI microparticles self-assemble into stable millimeter-scale wires in forest-like arrays in a parallel magnetic field (0.42-0.48 T, produced by two parallel permanent magnets), forming a highly porous structure (87 % porosity) with twice the accessible reactive surface area of a ZVI/sand mixture. For a feed concentration of 100 μg/L As(III), the MCCR-PUD, with a short empty bed contact time (1.6 min), treated ca. 7340 empty bed volume (EBV) of water at breakthrough (10 μg/L), 9.4 folds higher than that of a ZVI/sand filter. Due to the large interspace between ZVI wires, the MCCR-PUD effectively prevented column clogging that occurred in the ZVI/sand filter. The high water treatment capacity was attributed to the much enhanced ZVI reactivity in the magnetic field, sustained through rejuvenation by PUD. Furthermore, most of As was structurally incorporated into the produced iron (oxyhydr)oxides (mostly ferrihydrite) in the MCCR-PUD, as revealed by Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and sequential extraction experiments. This finding evinced a different mechanism from the surface adsorption in the ZVI/sand filter. The structural incorporation of As also resulted in much less As remobilization from the produced corrosion products during aging in water, in total ∼1 % in 28 days. Furthermore, the MCCR-PUD exihibted robust performance when treating complex synthetic groundwater containing natural organic matter and common ions (∼3700 EBV at breakthrough). Taken together, our study demonstrates the potential of the magnetic confinement-enabled ZVI reactor as a promising decentralized As treatment platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuyan Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Delai Zhong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Jinli Cui
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weiling Sun
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Wang C, Tan W, Feng X. Rapid Oxidative Dissolution of Zerovalent Iron Induced by Sulfite for Efficient Removal of Arsenate and Arsenite: Selective Formation of Scorodite. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:16225-16235. [PMID: 39189336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c06158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we proposed a moderate oxidation strategy for accelerating the oxidative dissolution of zerovalent iron (ZVI) using sulfite (S(IV)), thereby improving the removal of As(V) and As(III). Results revealed that, in the presence of 2.0 mM S(IV), both As(V) and As(III) were selectively converted into scorodite at pH0 3.0-7.0, while As(III) oxidation and As(V) immobilization were impressed over pH0 8.0-10.0. Batch experiments, radical quenching experiments, and electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements demonstrated that ZVI initially boosted S(IV) activation to generate SO4•-, •OH, and protons, and in turn, ZVI was further oxidized more intensely by these radicals than by oxygen. Concurrently, substantial protons derived from S(IV) oxidation neutralized hydroxyls produced by ZVI oxidation, maintaining an acidic environment conducive to the generation of scorodite rather than iron (hydr)oxides. Characterizations of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) confirmed that scorodite was formed in situ and then exfoliated from the surface of ZVI, and approximately 75% of ZVI could still be recovered, which contributed to efficient As removal in successive runs and real As-polluted wastewater. The application of S(IV) achieved a balance among ZVI reactivity improvement, As(V)/As(III) removal, and raw material consumption, making it a promising approach for addressing arsenic contamination in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xionghan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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3
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Shukla PK, Deshpande V, Raychoudhury T. In-situ groundwater treatment for arsenic removal: laboratory pilot scale study with 3-D tank packed porous media as subsurface. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:4860-4873. [PMID: 37953741 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2283404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The ex-situ treatment of arsenic is widely adopted; however, there are emerging concerns related to system maintenance, material replacement, and waste generation. There is a scope to explore in-situ arsenite [As (III)] remediation in the aquifers. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of in-situ synthesised FeS in immobilising As (III) in the natural groundwater when transported through a three-dimensional (3-D) porous media system. In this study, a 3-D tank of 0.50 m × 0.30 m × 0.30 m (L × W × H) was packed with natural sand to represent the subsurface porous media system. The homogeneous packing and uniform flow were ensured before synthesising FeS in-situ, where a total of 1.5 pore volumes (PVs) of 20 mM sodium sulfide (Na2S) and 20 mM ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) reagent solutions were injected alternatively into the pre-saturated porous media. Finally, 300 ± 15 μg/L of As (III) spiked natural groundwater was passed through the porous media, and the samples were collected through several sampling ports for analysing for total As and Fe. The result suggests that the concentration of As (III) reaches below 11 μg/L within 644 min (4 PVs) of injection of reagents. Furthermore, almost 88.4% of As (III) get immobilised after passing 31 PVs of contaminated water. In brief, almost 406 L of As contaminated groundwater can be treated by injecting 21 L of reagents with a reagent-to-treated water ratio of 1:20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetam Kumar Shukla
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, India
| | - Vishal Deshpande
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, India
| | - Trishikhi Raychoudhury
- Department of Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India
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4
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Liu K, Li F, Zhu Z, Fang L. Nanoconfined Fe(II) releaser for long-term arsenic immobilization and its sustainability assessment. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 260:121954. [PMID: 38909421 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Ferrous (Fe(II))-based oxygen activation for pollutant abatements in soil and groundwater has attracted great attention, while the low utilization and insufficient longevity of electron donors are the primary challenges to hinder its practical applications. Herein, we propose a nanoconfined Fe(II) releasing strategy that enables stable long-term electron donation for oxygen activation and efficient arsenic (As) immobilization under oxic conditions, by encapsulating zero-valent iron in biomass-derived carbon shell (ZVI@porous carbon composites; ZVI@PC). This strategy effectively enhances the generation of reactive oxygen species, enabling efficient oxidation and subsequent immobilization of As(III) in soils. Importantly, this Fe(II) releaser exhibits strong anti-interference capability against complex soil matrices, and the accompanying generation of Fe(III) enables As immobilization in soils, effectively lowering soil As bioavailability. Soil fixed-bed column experiments demonstrate a 79.5 % reduction of the total As in effluent with a simulated rainfall input for 10 years, indicating the excellent long-term stability for As immobilization in soil. Life cycle assessment results show that this Fe(II) releaser can substantially mitigate the negative environmental impacts. This work offers new insights into developing green and sustainable technologies for environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Fangbai Li
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Zhenlong Zhu
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Liping Fang
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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Singh P, Nagababu P, Das MR, Mondal P, Bhowmick S. Unraveling the interplay of common groundwater ions in arsenic removal by sulfide-modified nanoscale zerovalent iron. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:51222-51236. [PMID: 39103586 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34596-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Sulphidation of nZVI (S-nZVI) has shown to significantly improve the arsenic removal capacity of nZVI, concurrently modifying the sequestration mechanism. However, to better apply S-nZVI for groundwater arsenic remediation, the impact of groundwater coexisting ions on the efficacy of arsenic uptake by S-nZVI needs to be investigated. This present study evaluates the potential of S-nZVI to remove arsenic in the presence of typical groundwater coexisting ions such as Cl-, HA, HCO3-, PO43- and SO42- through batch adsorption experiments. Individually, PO43- and HA had a dominant inhibition effect, while SO42- promoted As(III) removal by S-nZVI. Conversely, for As(V) removal, HCO3- and SO42- impeded the removal process. X-ray spectroscopic investigation suggests that the coexisting ions can either compete with arsenic for the adsorption sites, influence the S-nZVI corrosion rates and/or generate distinct corrosion products, thereby interfering with arsenic removal by S-nZVI. To investigate the cumulative effects of these ions, a 25-1 Fractional Factorial Design of experiments was employed, wherein the concentration of all the ions were varied simultaneously in an optimized manner, and their impact on arsenic removal by S-nZVI was observed. Our results shows that when these ions are present concurrently, PO43-, SO42- and HA still exerted a dominant influence on As(III) removal, whereas HCO3- was the main ions affecting As(V) removal, although the combined influence of the ions was not merely a summation of their individual effects. Overall, the finding of our study might provide valuable insight for predicting the actual performance of S-nZVI in field-scale applications for the remediation of arsenic-contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payel Singh
- Kolkata Zonal Center, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Kolkata, West Bengal, 700107, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Penumaka Nagababu
- Environmental Materials Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Manash R Das
- Advanced Materials Group, Materials Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Priyanka Mondal
- Membrane and Separation Technology Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700 032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Subhamoy Bhowmick
- Kolkata Zonal Center, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Kolkata, West Bengal, 700107, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Fan B, Chen S, Zhu C, Zhu F, Huang D, Si D, Zhou B, Zhou D, He F, Gao S. Key role of hydrogen atoms in the preparation of sulfidated zero valent iron. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 256:121573. [PMID: 38608618 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Sulfidated zero valent iron (ZVI) is a popular material for the reductive degradation of halogenated organic pollutants. Simple and economic synthesis of this material is highly demanded. In this study, sulfidated micro/nanostructured ZVI (MNZVI) particles were prepared by simply heating MNZVI particles and sulfur elements (S0) in pure water (50℃). The iron oxides on the surface of MNZVI particles were conducive to sulfidation reaction, indicating the formation of iron-sulphide minerals (FeSx) on the surface of MNZVI particles might not be from the direct reaction of Fe0 with S0 (Fe0 and S0 acted as reductant and oxidant, respectively). As an important reductant, hydrogen atom (H•) can be generated from the reduction of H+ by MNZVI particles and participate in the formation of FeSx. Quenching experiment and cyclic voltammetry analysis proved the existence of H• on the surface of MNZVI particles. DFT calculation found that the potential barrier of H•/S0 and Fe0/S0 were 1.91 and 7.24 eV, respectively, indicating that S0 would preferentially react with H• instead of Fe0. The formed H• can quickly react with S0 to generate hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which can further react with iron oxides such as α-Fe2O3 on the surface of MNZVI particles to form FeSx. In addition, the H2 partial pressure in water significantly affected the amount of H• generated, thereby affecting the sulfidation efficiency. For TCE degradation, as the sulfur loading of sulfidated MNZVI particles increased, the contribution of H• significantly decreased while the contribution of direct electron transfer increased. This study provided new insights into the synthesis mechanism of sulfidated ZVI in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Si Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Changyin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Fengxiao Zhu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Danyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Dunfeng Si
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Bingnan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Feng He
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Shixiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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Yang Y, Zhan C, Li Y, Zeng J, Lin K, Sun J, Jiang F. In-situ reactivation and reuse of micronsized sulfidated zero-valent iron using SRB-enriched culture: A sustainable PRB technology. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 253:121270. [PMID: 38359598 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Sulfidated zero-valent iron (S-ZVI) is an attractive material of permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) for the remediation of contaminated groundwater. However, S-ZVI is prone to be passivated due to the oxidation of reactive and conductive iron sulfide (FeSx) shell and the formation of inactive and non-conductive ferric (hydr)oxides, which serve as electron transfer barriers to hinder the electron flow from Fe° core to contaminants. This study thus proposed a novel approach for in-situ reactivation and reuse of micronsized S-ZVI (S-mZVI) in PRB using sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) enriched culture to realize long-lasting remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated groundwater. S-mZVI were passivated after reactions with Cr(VI) due to the formation of electron transfer barriers (mainly inactive and non-conductive Fe(III) (hyd)oxides, which increased the polarization resistance from 16.38 to 27.38 kΩ cm2 and hindered the electron transfer from the Fe° core. Interestingly, the passivated S-mZVI was efficiently reactivated by providing the SRB-enriched culture and organic carbon within 12 h, and the Cr(VI) removal capacity of S-mZVI in the three use cycles increased to 37.4 mg Cr/g, which was 2.1 times higher than that of the virgin S-mZVI. After biological reactivation, the Rp of reactivated S-mZVI decreased to 12.30 kΩ cm2. SRB-mediated reactivation removed the electron transfer barriers via biotic and abiotic reduction of Fe(III) (hyd)oxides. Especially, the microbial Fe(III) reduction mediated by FmnA-dmkA-fmnB-pplA-ndh2-eetAB-dmkB protein family enhanced the Fe2+ release from the surface and the subsequent re-formation of reactive and conductive FeSx shell. A long-term PRB column test further demonstrated the feasibility of in-situ biological reactivation and reuse of S-mZVI for enhanced Cr(VI)-contaminated groundwater remediation. Within 64 days, the Cr(VI) removal capacity of S-mZVI in the four use cycles increased by 3.2 times, compared to the virgin one. The bio-reactivation using the SRB-enriched culture and sulfate locally-available in groundwater will reduce the chemical and maintenance costs associated with the frequent replacement of reactive ZVI-based materials. The PRB technology based on the bio-renewable S-mZVI can be a sustainable alternative to the conventional PRBs for the long-lasting and low-cost remediation of groundwater contaminated by oxidative pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanduo Yang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chungeng Zhan
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiajia Zeng
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Keyue Lin
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianliang Sun
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Feng Jiang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Zhang X, Sun W, Wang Y, Li Z, Huang X, Li T, Wang H. Mechanochemical synthesis of microscale zero-valent iron/N-doped graphene-like biochar composite for degradation of tetracycline via molecular O 2 activation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 659:1015-1028. [PMID: 38241973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we prepared a micron zero-valent iron/N-doped graphene-like biochar (mZVI/NGB) composite using a mechanochemical method for tetracycline (TC) degradation through O2 activation. The mZVI and NGB components formed a strong coupling catalytic system, with mZVI acting as an electron pool and NGB as a catalyst for H2O2 generation. Under circumneutral pH (5.0-6.8), the mZVI/NGB composite exhibited exceptional TC removal efficiency, reaching nearly 100 % under optimal conditions. It also showed good tolerance to co-existing anions, such as Cl-, SO42-, and humic acid. Further studies found that the TC degradation mechanism was mainly ascribed to the non-radical pathway (1O2 and electron transfer), and the Fe2+/Fe3+ redox cycle on the composite's surface also played a crucial role in maintaining catalytic activity. This research contributes to the development of advanced materials for sustainable and effective water treatment, addressing pharmaceutical pollutant contamination in water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wenshuang Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Xianqiang Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Tielong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Haitao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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9
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Yuan Y, Wei X, Zhu M, Cai Y, Wang Y, Dang Z, Yin H. Unravelling the removal mechanisms of trivalent arsenic by sulfidated nanoscale zero-valent iron: The crucial role of reactive oxygen species and the multiple effects of citric acid. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170275. [PMID: 38262532 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The remediation of arsenic-contaminated groundwater by sulfidated nanoscale zero-valent iron (S-nZVI) has raised considerable attention. However, the role of trivalent arsenic (As(III)) oxidation by S-nZVI in oxic conditions (S-nZVI/O2) remains controversial, and the comprehensive effect of citric acid (CA) prevalent in groundwater on As(III) removal by S-nZVI remains unclear. Herein, the mechanisms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and multiple effects of CA on As(III) removal by S-nZVI/O2 were systematically explored. Results indicated that the removal efficiency of As(III) by S-nZVI/O2 (97.81 %) was prominently higher than that by S-nZVI (66.71 %), resulting from the significant production of ROS (mainly H2O2 and OH) under oxic conditions, which played a crucial role in promoting the As(III) oxidation. Additionally, CA had multiple effects on As(III) removal by S-nZVI/O2 system: (i) CA impeded the diffusion of As(III) towards S-nZVI and increased the secondary risk of immobilized As(III) re-releasing into the environment due to the Fe dissolution from S-nZVI; (ii) CA could significantly enhance the yields of OH from 25.29 to 133.00 μM via accelerating the redox cycle of Fe(II)/Fe(III) and increasing the oriented conversion rate of H2O2 to OH; (iii) CA could also enrich the types of ROS (such as O2- and 1O2) in favor of further As(III) oxidation. This study contributed novel findings regarding the control of As(III) contaminated groundwater using S-nZVI technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Yuan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xipeng Wei
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Minghan Zhu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuhao Cai
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuanzheng Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hua Yin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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10
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Qu G, Wang X, Duan Z, Li F, Xu C. Decoding the divalent cation effect on sulfidation of zero-valent iron: Phase evolution and FeS x assembly. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133441. [PMID: 38215521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The decontamination ability of sulfidated zero-valent iron (S-ZVI) can be enhanced by the effective assembly of iron sulfides (FeSx) on neglected heterogeneous surfaces by liquid-phase precipitation. However, S-ZVI preparation with the usual pickling is detrimental to orderly interfacial assembly and leads to an imbalance between electron transfer optimization and electron storage. In this work, S-ZVI was prepared in solutions containing trace divalent cation, and it removed Cr(VI) up to 323.25 times higher than ZVI. This result is achieved by surface sites protonation of divalent cations regulating the phase evolution on the ZVI surface and inducing FeSx chemical assembly. Regulation of divalent cation and S(-II) content further promotes FeSx targeted assembly and reduces electron storage consumption as much as possible. The barrier for FeSx assembly is found to lie at the ZVI interface rather than in the deposition between FeSx. Chemical assembly at heterogeneous interfaces is a prerequisite for the ordered assembly of FeSx. In addition, S-ZVI prepared in simulated groundwater showed extensive preparation pH and universality for remediation scenarios. These findings provide new insights into the development of in-situ sulfidation mechanisms with particular implications for S-ZVI applied to soil and groundwater remediation by the regulation of heterogeneous interfacial assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjun Qu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhongkai Duan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Fengmin Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chunhua Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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11
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Shen W, Gao Y, Liu Z, Zhang X, Quan F, Peng X, Wang X, Li J, Qin Z, He Y, Li H. Enhanced Fe(ii)/Fe(iii) cycle by boron enabled efficient Cr(vi) removal with microscale zero-valent iron. RSC Adv 2024; 14:6719-6726. [PMID: 38405066 PMCID: PMC10884888 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08163j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, researchers have been paying much attention to zero-valent iron (ZVI) in the field of pollution remediation. However, the depressed electron transport from the iron reservoir to the iron oxide shell limited the wide application of ZVI. This study was aimed at promoting the performance of microscale ZVI (mZVI) for hexavalent chromium (Cr(vi)) removal by accelerating iron cycle with the addition of boron powder. It was found that the addition of boron powder enhanced the Cr(vi) removal rate by 2.1 times, and the proportion of Cr(iii) generation after Cr(vi) removal process also increased, suggesting that boron could promote the reduction pathway of Cr(vi) to Cr(iii). By further comparing the Cr(vi) removal percentage of Fe(iii) with or without the boron powder, we found that boron powder could promote the percentage removal of Cr(vi) with Fe(iii) from 10.1% to 33.6%. Moreover, the presence of boron powder could decrease the potential gap values (ΔEp) between Fe(iii) reduction and Fe(ii) oxidation from 0.668 V to 0.556 V, further indicating that the added boron powder could act as an electron sacrificial agent to promote the reduction process of Fe(iii) to Fe(ii), and thus enhancing the reduction of Cr(vi) with Fe(ii). This study shed light on the promoted mechanism of Cr(vi) removal with boron powder and provided an environmentally friendly and efficient approach to enhance the reactivity of the mZVI powder, which would benefit the wide application of mZVI technology in the environmental remediation field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Shen
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430023 P. R. China
| | - Yan Gao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430023 P. R. China
| | - Zhan Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430023 P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 P. R. China
| | - Fengjiao Quan
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430023 P. R. China
| | - Xing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 P. R. China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Civil Engineering, Shaoguan University Shaoguan 512023 P. R. China
| | - Jianfen Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430023 P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Qin
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430023 P. R. China
| | - Yun He
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430023 P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430023 P. R. China
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12
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Formentini TA, Cornelis G, Gustafsson JP, Leicht K, Tiberg C, Planer-Friedrich B, Durant N, Fan D, Kleja DB. Immobilizing arsenic in contaminated anoxic aquifer sediment using sulfidated and uncoated zero-valent iron (ZVI). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 462:132743. [PMID: 37837779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is carcinogenic and of major concern in groundwater. We collected sediment material from a contaminated anoxic aquifer in Sweden and investigated the immobilization of As by four commercial zero-valent iron (ZVI) particles. Solid-phase As and Fe speciation was assessed using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and solution-phase As speciation using chromatographic separation. Without ZVI addition, arsenite dominated in solution and As(V) species in the solid phase. Adding ZVI caused a sharp increase in solution pH (9.3-9.8), favoring As oxidation despite a lowered redox potential. ZVI greatly improved As retention by complex binding of arsenate to the Fe(III) (hydr)oxides formed by ZVI corrosion. Uncoated ZVI, both in nano- and microscale, performed better than their sulfidated counterparts, partly due to occlusion of As by the Fe(III) (hydr)oxides formed. The effect of particle size (micro vs. nano ZVI) on As immobilization was small, likely because immobilization was related to the corrosion products formed, rather than the initial size of the particles. Our results provide a strong geochemical background for the application of ZVI particles to remove As in contaminated aquifers under anoxic conditions and illustrate that immobilization mechanisms can differ between ZVI in As spiked solutions and sediment suspensions. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: Arsenic ranks first on the list by the US ATSDR of substances posing a threat to human health and the WHO considers groundwater the riskiest source for human intake of As. However, dealing with As contamination remains a scientific challenge. We studied the immobilization of groundwater As by commercially available ZVI particles at field-realistic conditions. Arsenic immobilization was highly efficient in most cases, and the results suggest this is a promising in situ strategy with long-term performance. Our results provide a strong geochemical background for using ZVI to remove As in contaminated anoxic aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Augusto Formentini
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7014, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Geert Cornelis
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7014, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jon Petter Gustafsson
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7014, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kathrin Leicht
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7014, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Tiberg
- Swedish Geotechnical Institute (SGI), SE-581 93 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Britta Planer-Friedrich
- Environmental Geochemistry Group, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BAYCEER), Bayreuth University, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Neal Durant
- Geosyntec Consultants, Inc, 10211 Wincopin Circle, 4th Floor, Columbia, MD 21044, USA
| | - Dimin Fan
- Geosyntec Consultants, Inc, 10211 Wincopin Circle, 4th Floor, Columbia, MD 21044, USA
| | - Dan B Kleja
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7014, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Qu G, Zhang Y, Duan Z, Li K, Xu C. Regulating the FeS x assembly pattern of sulfidated zero-valent iron: All-in-one interface modulation with activated carbon. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 248:120860. [PMID: 37984041 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Specifically designing the heterogeneous interface in sulfidated zero-valent iron (S-ZVI) has been an effective, yet usually overlooked method to improve the decontamination ability. However, the mechanism behind FeSx assembly remains elusive and the lack of modulating strategies that can essentially tune the applicability of S-ZVI further imposes difficulties in creating better-performing S-ZVI with heterogeneous interface. In this study, by introducing powdered activated carbon (PAC) during S-ZVI preparation, S-ZVI/PAC microparticles were prepared to modulate the assembly pattern of FeSx for the applicability and reactivity of the material. S-ZVI/PAC showed robust performance in Cr(VI) sequestration, with 11.16 and 1.78 fold increase in Cr(VI) reactivity compared to ZVI and S-ZVI, respectively. This was attributed to the fact that the introduced PAC could acquire FeSx to enhance the electron transfer capacity matching its adsorption threshold, thus helping to accommodate the transfer of the reduction center to PAC in S-ZVI/PAC. In optimizing the FeSx allocation between ZVI and PAC, the chemical assembly of FeSx on S-ZVI was superior to physical adsorption. Critically, we found that isolated FeSx in the prepared solution was physically adsorbed by the PAC, allowing chemically assembled FeSx on the S-ZVI. This was achieved by controlling the addition sequence of Na2S and PAC, as it effectively controlled the release rate and content of Fe(II) in the preparation solution. S-ZVI/PAC was demonstrated to be extremely effective in simulated wastewater and electrokinetics-permeable reactive barrier (EK-PRB) treatments. Introducing PAC enriches the diversity of sulfidation mechanisms and may realize the universality of the S-ZVI/PAC application scenarios. This study provides a new interface optimization strategy for S-ZVI targeted design towards environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjun Qu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhongkai Duan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ke Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chunhua Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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14
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Xu J, Chen C, Hu X, Chen D, Bland G, Wielinski J, Kaegi R, Lin D, Lowry GV. Particle-Scale Understanding of Arsenic Interactions with Sulfidized Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron and Their Impacts on Dehalogenation Reactivity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:21917-21926. [PMID: 38091483 PMCID: PMC10753793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Co-occurrence of organic contaminants and arsenic oxoanions occurs often at polluted groundwater sites, but the effect of arsenite on the reactivity of sulfidized nanoscale zerovalent iron (SNZVI) used to remediate groundwater has not been evaluated. Here, we study the interaction of arsenite [As(III)] with SNZVI at the individual-particle scale to better understand the impacts on the SNZVI properties and reactivity. Surface and intraparticle accumulation of As was observed on hydrophilic FeS-Fe0 and hydrophobic FeS2-Fe0 particles, respectively. X-ray absorption spectroscopy indicated the presence of realgar-like As-S and elemental As0 species at low and high As/Fe concentration ratios, respectively. Single-particle inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis identified As-containing particles both with and without Fe. The probability of finding As-containing particles without Fe increased with the S-induced hydrophobicity of SNZVI. The interactions of SNZVI materials with coexisting arsenite inhibited their reactivity with water (∼5.8-230.7-fold), trichloroethylene (∼3.6-67.5-fold), and florfenicol (∼1.1-5.9-fold). However, the overall selectivity toward trichloroethylene and florfenicol relative to water was improved (up to 9.0-fold) because the surface-associated As increased the SNZVI hydrophobicity. These results indicate that reactions of SNZVI with arsenite can remove As from groundwater and improve the properties of SNZVI for dehalogenation selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Xu
- Zhejiang
Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control,
Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chaohuang Chen
- Zhejiang
Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control,
Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaohong Hu
- Zhejiang
Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control,
Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Du Chen
- Zhejiang
Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control,
Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Garret Bland
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jonas Wielinski
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Ralf Kaegi
- Eawag,
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Daohui Lin
- Zhejiang
Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control,
Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Gregory V. Lowry
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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15
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Cai H, Du X, Lin Z, Tao X, Zou M, Liu J, Zhang L, Dang Z, Lu G. Enhanced arsenic(III) sequestration via sulfidated zero-valent iron in aerobic conditions: Adsorption and oxidation coupling processes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132190. [PMID: 37536156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Sulfidated zero-valent iron (S-ZVI) has shown significant potential for the removal of arsenic(III). However, little attention has been paid to the mechanism of As(III) sequestration enhancement and how the phase transformation for S-ZVI strengthens this process in aerobic conditions. In this work, sulfidated ZVI was created by ball-milling (S-ZVIbm) and liquid-mixing (S-ZVIlm) of ZVI with elemental sulfur(S0) to investigate the performance and mechanisms of As(III) sequestration in air-saturated water. Sulfidation was found to significantly enhance the As(III) removal rate constant, which was 2.8 ∼ 6.7 times (S-ZVIbm) and 3.1 ∼ 17.1 times (S-ZVIlm) higher than that without sulfidation. FeS was identified as the predominant sulfur species in the S-ZVI samples using S K-edge XANES spectra. The enhanced electron transfer and ZVI corrosion after sulfidation were verified via electrochemical tests. XANES and Mössbauer spectra suggested that lepidocrocite(γ-FeOOH) was the predominant corrosion product generated on the ZVI surface with the presence of oxygen, and DFT calculations further confirmed the improved performance of γ-FeOOH for As(III) sequestration. Besides, As(III) oxidation occurred dominantly on the heterogeneous surface rather than in solution, and the As(III) sequestration pathway of adsorption followed by oxidation was proposed. This study provides new insight into the enhanced As(III) sequestration by S-ZVI in aerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Cai
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaodong Du
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ziting Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xueqin Tao
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Mengyao Zou
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China.
| | - Jingyong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guining Lu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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16
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Xue W, Li J, Chen X, Liu H, Wen S, Shi X, Guo J, Gao Y, Xu J, Xu Y. Recent advances in sulfidized nanoscale zero-valent iron materials for environmental remediation and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:101933-101962. [PMID: 37659023 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, sulfidized nanoscale zero-valent iron (S-nZVI) has been developed as a promising tool for the remediation of contaminated soil, sediment, and water. Although most studies have focused on applying S-nZVI for clean-up purposes, there is still a lack of systematic summary and discussion from its synthesis, application, to toxicity assessment. This review firstly summarized and compared the properties of S-nZVI synthesized from one-step and two-step synthesis methods, and the modification protocols for obtaining better stability and reactivity. In the context of environmental remediation, this review outlined an update on the latest development of S-nZVI for removal of heavy metals, organic pollutants, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and also discussed the underlying removal mechanisms. Environmental factors affecting the remediation performance of S-nZVI (e.g., humic acid, coexisting ions, S/Fe molar ratio, pH, and oxygen condition) were highlighted. Besides, the application potential of S-nZVI in advanced oxidation processes (AOP), especially in activating persulfate, was also evaluated. The toxicity impacts of S-nZVI on the environmental microorganism were described. Finally, the future challenges and remaining restrains to be resolved for better applicability of S-nZVI are also proposed. This review could provide guidance for the environmental remediation with S-nZVI-based technology from theoretical basis and practical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Hongdou Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Siqi Wen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jiaming Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Jian Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yiqun Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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17
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Cai S, Cao Z, Yang L, Wang H, He F, Wang Z, Xing B. Cations facilitate sulfidation of zero-valent iron by elemental sulfur: Mechanism and dechlorination application. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 242:120262. [PMID: 37390653 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The solid-solid reaction of microscale zero-valent iron (mZVI) with elemental sulfur (S0) in water can form sulfidated mZVI (S-mZVI) with high reactivity and selectivity. However, the inherent passivation layer of mZVI hinders the sulfidation. In this study, we demonstrate that ionic solutions of Me-chloride (Me: Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, Na+ and Fe2+) can accelerate the sulfidation of mZVI by S0. The S0 with S/Fe molar ratio of 0.1 was fully reacted with mZVI in all solutions to form unevenly distributed FeS species on S-mZVIs as confirmed by SEM-EDX and XANES characterization. The cations depassivated the mZVI surface by driving the proton release from the surface site (FeOH) and resulting in localized acidification. The probe reaction test (tetrachloride dechlorination) and open circuit potential (EOCP) measurement demonstrated that Mg2+ was most efficient in depassivating the mZVI and therefore promoting sulfidation. The decrease of surface proton for hydrogenolysis on the S-mZVI synthesized in MgCl2 solution also inhibited the formation of cis-1,2-dichloroethylene by 14-79% compared to other S-mZVIs during trichloroethylene dechlorination. In addition, the synthesized S-mZVIs exhibited the highest reduction capacity reported so far. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the facile on-site sulfidation of mZVI by S0 with cation-rich natural waters for sustainable remediation of contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Cai
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhenyu Cao
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Liwei Yang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Huaqing Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Feng He
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
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18
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Yue T, Yang Y, Chen S, Yao J, Liang H, Jia L, Fu K, Wang Z. In situ prepared Chlorella vulgaris-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron to remove arsenic (III). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:89676-89689. [PMID: 37454381 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) has a high removal affinity toward arsenic (As). However, the agglomeration of nZVI reduces the removal efficiency of As and, thus, limit its application. In this study, we report an environmentally friendly novel composite of Chlorella vulgaris-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (abbreviated as CV-nZVI) that exhibits a fast and efficient removal of As(III) from As-contaminated water. Scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize and analyze the CV-nZVI. These results indicated that the stabilization effect of C. vulgaris reduced the nZVI agglomeration and enhanced the reactivity of nZVI. The experiments showed a removal efficiency of 99.11% for As(III) at an optimum pH of 7.0. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir adsorption isotherm with the superior maximum adsorption capacities of 34.11 mg/g for As(III). The FTIR showed that the As(III) was adsorbed on the CV-nZVI surface by complexation reaction, and XPS indicated that oxidation reaction was also involved. After five reuse cycles, the removal efficiency of As(III) by CV-nZVI was 32.93%, suggesting that the CV-nZVI had some reusability and regeneration. Overall, this work provides a practical and highly efficient approach for As remediation in As-contaminated water, and simultaneously resolves the agglomeration problems of nZVI nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yue
- The Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Yuankun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Shu Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
| | - Jun Yao
- The School of Water Resource and Environment Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huili Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Liang Jia
- The Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Kaibin Fu
- The Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
- Tianfu Institute of Research and Innovation, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Chengdu, 621010, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
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19
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Zhang Y, Duan Z, Jin Y, Han H, Xu C. Chemical Bond Bridging across Two Domains: Generation of Fe(II) and In Situ Formation of FeS x on Zerovalent Iron. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37433023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Sulfidation of zerovalent iron (SZVI) can strengthen the decontamination ability by promoting the electron transfer from inner Fe0 to external pollutants by iron sulfide (FeSx). Although FeSx forms easily, the mechanism for the FeSx bonding on the ZVI surface through a liquid precipitation method is elusive. In this work, we demonstrate a key pathway for the sulfidation of ZVI, namely, the in situ formation of FeSx on ZVI surface, which leads to chemical bonding across two domains: the pristine ZVI and the newly formed FeSx phase. The two chemically bridged heterophases display superior activity in electron transportation compared to the physically coated SZVI, eventually bringing about the better performance in reducing Cr(VI) species. It is revealed that the formation of chemically bonded FeSx requires balancing the rates for the two processes of Fe(II) release and sulfidation, which can be achieved by tuning the pH and S(-II) concentration. This study elucidates a mechanism for surface generation of FeSx on ZVI, and it provides new perspectives to design high-quality SZVI for environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhongkai Duan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yuhao Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Haixiang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Chunhua Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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20
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Zhang L, Yang Y, Xu X, Deng S, Xiao H, Han X, Xia F, Jiang Y. Efficient utilization of biogenic manganese oxides in bioaugmentation columns for remediation of thallium(I) contaminated groundwater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131225. [PMID: 36958163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Little attention has been paid to the in situ-generated biogenic manganese oxides (BMnOx) for practical implementation in continuous groundwater remediation systems. The enrichment effects of manganese oxidizing bacteria (MOB) in bioaugmentation columns and the in situ-generated BMnOx for continuous thallium(I) (Tl(I)) removal from groundwater were investigated. Results indicated that Pseudomonas Putida MnB1 (strain MnB1) attached on the groundwater sediments (GS) can achieve a maximum of 97.37 % Mn(II) oxidation and generate 29.6 mg/L BMnOx, which was superior than that of traditional quartz sand (QS). The in situ-generated BMnOx in MOB_GS column effectively removed 10-100 μg/L Tl(I) under the interference of high concentrations of Fe(II) and Mn(II) in groundwater. Distinctive microbial enrichment effects occurred in the bioaugmentation columns under the competition of indigenous microbes in groundwater. The release of Mn(II) from the BMnOx inhibited with the decrease in Tl(I) removal efficiency. XAFS analysis revealed Tl(I) was effectively adsorbed by BMnOx and Mn-O octahedra with Tl-O tetrahedral coordination existed in BMnOx. This study provides an in-depth understanding of the in situ-generated BMnOx for the Tl(I) removal and contributes to the application of BMnOx in groundwater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiangjian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Sheng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Han Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Fu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yonghai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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21
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Li L, Jin H, Luo N, Niu H, Cai Y, Cao D, Zhang S. Sulfurized nano zero-valent iron prepared via different methods: Effect of stability and types of surface corrosion products on removal of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 256:114864. [PMID: 37011511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Sulfurization improves the stability and activity of nano zero-valent iron (nZVI). The sulfurized nZVI (S-nZVI) were prepared with ball milling, vacuum chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and liquid-phase reduction techniques and the corresponding products were the mixture of FeS2 and nZVI (nZVI/FeS2), well-defined core-shell structure (FeSx@Fe) or seriously oxidized (S-nZVI(aq)), respectively. All these materials were applied to eliminate 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) from water. The removal of TCP was irrelevant with the structure of S-nZVI. Both nZVI/FeS2 and FeSx@Fe showed remarkable performance for the degradation of TCP. S-nZVI(aq) possessed poor mineralization efficiency to TCP due to its bad crystallinity degree and severe leaching of Fe ions, which retarded the affinity of TCP. Desorption and quenching experiments suggested that TCP removal by nZVI and S-nZVI was based on surface adsorption and subsequent direct reduction by Fe0, oxidation by in-situ produced ROS and polymerization on the surface of these materials. In the reaction process, the corrosion products of these materials transformed into crystalline Fe3O4 and α/β-FeOOH, which enhanced the stability of nZVI and S-nZVI materials and was conductive to the electron transferring from Fe0 to TCP and strong affinity of TCP onto Fe or FeSx phases. All these were contributed to high performance of nZVI and sulfurized nZVI in removal and minerazilation of TCP in continuous recycle test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264025, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Huiwen Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province 063210, China
| | - Na Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongyun Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Yaqi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310013, China
| | - Dong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Shengxiao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264025, China.
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22
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Li W, Liu Z, Wang L, Gao G, Xu H, Huang W, Yan N, Wang H, Qu Z. FeS x@MOF-808 composite for efficient As(III) removal from wastewater: behavior and mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 446:130681. [PMID: 36584652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is extremely toxic to humans with water as its carrier. One challenge for arsenic control is the complete elimination of As(III) due to its high toxicity, mobility, and solubility. Herein, an active FeSx@MOF-808 composite was fabricated to enhance the As(III) removal for wastewater remediation. The FeSx@MOF-808 showed better As(III) adsorptive performance (Qe = 73.60 mg/g) compared with Fe2S3 (Qe=12.38 mg/g), MOF-808 (Qe = 27.85 mg/g), and Fe@MOF-808 (Qe=34.26 mg/g). This can be attributed to an improved porous structure provided by MOF-808 and abundant reactive sites provided by FeSx. Calculated by the Langmuir model (R2 =0.9965), the maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) of FeSx@MOF-808 for As(III) removal at 298 K and pH = 7 was 203.28 ± 6.43 mg/g, which is beyond most of the traditional materials and MOFs. Additionally, FeSx@MOF-808 exhibited good stability in a wide pH range (1-13). Results also showed that the different Fe/S ratios (1:0-1:8) and FeSx loading amount (0.00625-0.25 mmol) have effects on the FeSx@MOF-808 performance. By kinetics studies, XPS, and DFT calculation, the mechanisms for arsenic by FeSx@MOF-808 were proposed. Multiple reaction mechanisms combine the adsorption by the MOF-808 support, the co-precipitation of iron oxides via hydroxyl (Fe-OH) groups, and most importantly, the precipitation through the break of Fe-S and the bond of As-S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhisong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Longlong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guanqun Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haomiao Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenjun Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Naiqiang Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Wuhan Municipal Road&Bridge Co., Ltd, No. 426 Gaoxin Avenue, Wuhan East Lake New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Zan Qu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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23
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Wu S, Cai S, Qin F, He F, Liu T, Yan X, Wang Z. Reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes by ball milled and mechanochemically sulfidated microscale zero valent iron: A comparative study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 446:130730. [PMID: 36630876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ball milling is an effective technique to not only activate and reduce the size of commercial microscale zero valent iron (mZVI) but also to mechanochemically sulfidate mZVI. Yet, little is known about the difference between how chlorinated ethenes (CEs) interact with ball milled mZVI (mZVIbm) and mechanochemically sulfidated mZVI (S-mZVIbm). We show that simple ball milling exposed the active Fe0 sites, while mechanochemical sulfidation diminished Fe0 sites and meanwhile increased S2- sites. Mechanochemical sulfidation with [S/Fe]dosed increased from 0 to 0.20 promoted the particle reactivity most for TCE dechlorination (∼14-fold), followed by PCE and 1,1-DCE while it diminished the reactivity for trans-DCE (∼0.4-fold), cis-DCE (∼0.02-fold) and VC (∼0.002-fold) compared to simple ball milling. Sulfidation also improved the electron efficiency of CE dechlorination, except for cis-DCE and VC. The kSA of cis-DCE, VC and trans-DCE dechlorination positively correlated with surface Fe0 content, suggesting their dechlorination was mainly mediated by Fe0 site or reactive atomic hydrogen. The kSA of TCE dechlorination positively correlated with surface S2- content and the dechlorination mainly occurred on S2- sites via direct electron transfer. Increased sulfidation favored direct electron transfer mechanism. The kSA of PCE and 1,1-DCE was not dependent on either parameter and their dechlorination was equally achieved through either mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Wu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; College of Geomatics and Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shichao Cai
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Fengyang Qin
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Feng He
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Tianxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, International Joint Research Laboratory for Nano Energy Composites, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiuping Yan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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24
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Fan B, Li X, Zhu F, Wang J, Gong Z, Shao S, Wang X, Zhu C, Zhou D, Gao S. Anti-passivation ability of sulfidated microscale zero valent iron and its application for 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane degradation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130194. [PMID: 36270192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The performance of sulfidated zero valent iron (ZVI) for the degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons under aerobic conditions remains unclear. In this study, sulfidated microscale ZVI (S-mZVI) was prepared for 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TeCA) degradation under aerobic conditions. Compared with mZVI, S-mZVI showed excellent passivation resistance during the degradation of TeCA and its hydrolysis/reduction products. This was probably because the existence of FeSx shell (FeS/FeS2/FeSn) protected the internal ZVI core from passivation. Though the outer layer of FeSx shell could be oxidized to FeSn and Fe2(SO4)3 as the reaction proceeded, the inner layer remained stable, which maintained the fast electron transfer capability of S-mZVI. The high temperature could enhance the degradation of TeCA, without compromising the anti-passivation and reusability of S-mZVI. Even after the fifth cycle, S-mZVI could still efficiently degrade 90% of TeCA within 24 h. Furthermore, it was found that the degradation of TeCA and its reduction products (e.g., dichloroethylene (DCE)) by S-mZVI relied on direct electron transfer and hydrogen radical (H•), respectively, which might explain the lower levels of toxic DCE in the S-mZVI system. This study provides valuable information for the practical application of S-mZVI in the treatment of wastewater containing halogenated hydrocarbons under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fengxiao Zhu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhimin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Changyin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shixiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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25
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Liu Y, Chen Z, Yin X, Chen Y, Liu Y, Yang W. Selective and efficient removal of As(V) and As(III) from water by resin-based hydrated iron oxide. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Masood Ul Hasan I, Javed H, Hussain MM, Shakoor MB, Bibi I, Shahid M, Xu N, Wei Q, Qiao J, Niazi NK. Biochar/nano-zerovalent zinc-based materials for arsenic removal from contaminated water. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 25:1155-1164. [PMID: 36355569 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2140778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we explored the potential of a newly prepared nano-zero valent zinc (nZVZn), biochar (BC)/nZVZn and BC/hydroxyapatite-alginate (BC/HA-alginate) composites for the removal of inorganic As species from water. Relatively, higher percentage removal of As(III) and As(V) was obtained by nZVZn at pH 3.4 (96% and 94%, respectively) compared to BC/nZVZn (90% and 88%) and BC/HA-alginate (88% and 80%) at pH 7.2. Freundlich model provided the best fit (R2 = up to 0.98) for As(III) and As(V) sorption data of all the sorbents, notably for nZVZn. The pseudo-second order model well-described kinetics of As(III) and As(V) (R2 = 0.99) sorption on all the sorbents. The desorption experiments demonstrated that the As removal efficiency, up to the third sorption/desorption cycle, was in the order of nZVZn ∼ BC/HA-alginate (88%) > BC/nZVZn (84%). The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy depicted that the -OH, -COOH, Zn-O and Zn-OH surface functional groups were responsible for the sorption of As(III) or As(V) on the sorbents investigated here. This study highlights that removal of As species from water by BC/nZVZn composite can be compared with nZVZn, suggesting that integrating BC with nZVZn could efficiently remove As from As-contaminated drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israr Masood Ul Hasan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Haram Javed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mahroz Hussain
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Irshad Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Nengneng Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qunshan Wei
- Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Center of Ministry of Environmental Protection, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jinli Qiao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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27
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Hao T, Liu K, Gao B, Hocking R, Fang L. Phase transformation of nanosized zero-valent iron modulated by As(III) determines heavy metal passivation. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 221:118804. [PMID: 35797817 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) has been extensively used for the passivation of cadmium (Cd) or arsenic (As) from wastewaters, while the underlying mechanisms of nZVI reaction with coexisting Cd and As are largely overlooked. Herein, the interactions of Cd and As during the course of nZVI transformation and the corresponding effects on respective pollutant removal have been systematically investigated. Batch experiments results show that As(III) addition significantly promotes the passivation of Cd(II) by nZVI, and the removal capacity increases by 7.8 times compared to that of Cd(II) alone. However, the adsorption and oxidative transformation of As(III) are barely affected under a relatively low Cd(II) concentration. It is conducive to the adsorption of Cd(II) and As(III) using nZVI under neutral conditions. The transformation of nZVI to lepidocrocite dominates in the Cd(II) single system, while it mainly converts to amorphous Fe oxyhydroxide with the addition of As(III). As(III) notably reduces the surface charge of Fe oxyhydroxide intermediates and to form the ternary complexes with Cd (Fe-As-Cd), which is the predominant mechanism for the promoted Cd(II) passivation. This work provides new understanding of nZVI transformation coupled to Cd(II) and As(III) passivation, which are likely contributing to the heavy metalloids regulation in waters and subsurface environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Kai Liu
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Baolin Gao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China; National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Rosalie Hocking
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology and Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Liping Fang
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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28
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Li Q, Schild D, Pasturel M, Lützenkirchen J, Hanna K. Alteration of birnessite reactivity in dynamic anoxic/oxic environments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 433:128739. [PMID: 35366449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although the oxidative capacity of manganese oxides has been widely investigated, potential changes of the surface reactivity in dynamic anoxic/oxic environments have been often overlooked. In this study, we showed that the reactivity of layer structured manganese oxide (birnessite) was highly sensitive to variable redox conditions within environmentally relevant ranges of pH (4.0 - 8.0), ionic strength (0-100 mM NaCl) and Mn(II)/MnO2 molar ratio (0-0.58) using ofloxacine (OFL), a typical antibiotic, as a target contaminant. In oxic conditions, OFL removal was enhanced relative to anoxic environments under alkaline conditions. Surface-catalyzed oxidation of Mn(II) enabled the formation of more reactive Mn(III) sites for OFL oxidation. However, an increase in Mn(II)/MnO2 molar ratio suppressed MnO2 reactivity, probably because of competitive binding between Mn(II) and OFL and/or modification in MnO2 surface charge. Monovalent cations (e.g., Na+) may compensate the charge deficiency caused by the presence of Mn(III), and affect the aggregation of MnO2 particles, particularly under oxic conditions. An enhancement in the removal efficiency of OFL was then confirmed in the dynamic two-step anoxic/oxic process, which emulates oscillating redox conditions in environmental settings. These findings call for a thorough examination of the reactivity changes at environmental mineral surfaces (e.g., MnO2) in natural systems that may be subjected to alternation between anaerobic and oxygenated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinzhi Li
- Univ Rennes, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Dieter Schild
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Lützenkirchen
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Khalil Hanna
- Univ Rennes, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226, F-35000 Rennes, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), MESRI, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris, France.
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29
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Yao G, Tang R, Luo H, Yuan S, Wang W, Xiao L, Chu X, Hu ZH. Zero-valent iron mediated alleviation of methanogenesis inhibition induced by organoarsenic roxarsone. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 819:152080. [PMID: 34856273 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Zero-valent iron (ZVI) can enhance anaerobic digestion, and has great potential to alleviate/eliminate methanogenesis inhibition. Little is known about the feasibility of utilizing ZVI to alleviate methanogenesis inhibition that is caused by typical animal feed additive roxarsone in livestock wastewater. In this study, the role of ZVI on alleviating roxarsone-induced methanogenic inhibition and its mechanisms were investigated. With the increase of roxarsone concentration from 5 to 50 mg/L, the inhibition of methanogenesis increased from 3.0% to 65.7%. This inhibition was alleviated by 80.7% and 57.2% when 1.0 and 10.0 g/L ZVI were added, respectively. Due to ZVI addition, an efficient arsenic immobilization onto ZVI (45.4-85.8%) was achieved mainly through the formation of FeAsO4 precipitate and adsorption by ZVI. Under the function of ZVI, hydrogenotrophic methanogenic activity was obviously restored. The microbial community analysis indicates that the ZVI-regulated alleviation on the methanogenesis inhibition was attributed to the enrichment of Methanobacterium and Methanosarcina. The findings from this study demonstrate that ZVI addition is an effective way for treatment of organoarsenic-contaminated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanbao Yao
- School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Rui Tang
- School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Haiping Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shoujun Yuan
- School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Liwen Xiao
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Xiangqian Chu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Zhen-Hu Hu
- School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Rural Water Environment and Resources, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater and Environmental Treatment, Hefei 230024, China
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30
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Study on the Arsenate Removal from Raw As(V)-Rich Wastewater Using Zero-Valent Iron. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14071118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Due to the large volumes of solid waste produced by the traditional arsenic-rich lime iron salt precipitation method treatment produced during wet-smelting by precious metal workshops, raw As(V)-rich wastewater from a domestic metallurgical enterprise was chosen as the research object. Zero-valent iron (ZVI) was used to remove arsenate (As(V)) from raw wastewater. Factors affecting the adsorption of As(V), such as the ZVI size and adsorption time, were investigated. The As(V) removal percentage was >98.2% when using 40, 100, 250, or 300 mesh ZVI in a 2.8 mg·L−1 As(V) solution at pH 7, with an iron mass–wastewater ratio of 5 g/100 mL, and 12 h reaction time. The As(V) removal percentage was >86.5% when using 40 mesh ZVI after 50 min of reaction. A comprehensive evaluation was performed on the effects of factors such as cost and water head loss. Here, 40 mesh ZVI was used for column-based separation, in which the mass of solid waste was very small. Column experiments indicated that the adsorbent more efficiently eliminated arsenate in comparison to the earlier reported adsorbents. High bed volumes (BV) of 3200 BV, 6300 BV, and 8400 BV up to a breakthrough concentration of 100 μg·L−1 were achieved for arsenate removal in the presence of 2.8 mg·L−1 of arsenic. The empty bed contact times (EBCTs) were 2.6 min, 5.1 min, and 9.8 min, respectively. Furthermore, the concentrations of other pollutants such as Cu2+, Zn2+, F−, Cd2+, Cr6+, Pb2+, and F- met the national discharge standard. The elimination of As(V) and other heavy metals from solutions employing ZVI is efficient, cheap, and produces no secondary environmental pollution, making it an ideal candidate for heavy metal removal from wastewater.
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Liu Y, Qiao J, Sun Y, Guan X. Simultaneous Sequestration of Humic Acid-Complexed Pb(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and As(V) by Sulfidated Zero-Valent Iron: Performance and Stability of Sequestration Products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:3127-3137. [PMID: 35174702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) such as Pb(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and As(V) are ubiquitously present in co-contaminated soil and shallow groundwater, where the humic acid (HA)-rich environments can significantly influence their sequestration. In this study, sulfidated zero-valent iron (S-ZVI) was found to be able to simultaneously sequestrate these HA-complexed HMs. Specially, the HA-complexed Pb(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and As(V) could be completely removed by S-ZVI within 60 min, while only 35-50% of them could be sequestrated within 72 h by unsulfidated ZVI. Interestingly, different from the S-ZVI corrosion behavior, the kinetics of HM sequestration by S-ZVI consisted of an initial slow reaction stage (or a lag phase) and then a fairly rapid reaction process. Characterization results indicated that forming metal sulfides controlled the HM sequestration at the first stage, whereas the enhanced ZVI corrosion and thus-improved adsorption and/or coprecipitation by iron hydroxides governed the second stage. Both metal-oxygen and metal-sulfur bonds in the solid phase could be confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis. Moreover, the transformation of S species from SO42-, SO32-, and S22- to S2- under reducing conditions could allow the sequestrated HMs to remain stable over a long period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Junlian Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yuankui Sun
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaohong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
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