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Ceniza MA, Madraga KF, Magnanao MN, Labrador MMR, Rivera M, Bacharo KBB. Scuba diving-related fatalities in the Philippines from 2008 to 2022 as reported in online news media. J Sci Med Sport 2024; 27:368-372. [PMID: 38849159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the demographics and characteristics of scuba diving fatalities in the Philippines which can help in the identification of local trends and ultimately in the development of appropriate preventive measures. Data on scuba diving-related fatalities in the Philippines from 2008 to 2022 were manually retrieved from online news media sources. Information on age, sex, nationality, certification, purpose, and causative factors, whenever possible were collected and analysed. A total of 39 fatalities were identified having a median age of 43.5 (range 20-80). Majority of victims were males (n = 30), and of foreign ethnicity (n = 26). Asphyxia was identified as the possible disabling injury in almost half of the cases (n = 17). The causes of death based on autopsies were determined only for few cases which included drowning (n = 2), heart attack (n = 1), and traumatic injuries from a dynamite blast (n = 1). Potential vulnerable groups were identified to be the ageing population and foreign tourist divers. In the absence of an existing database, this preliminary report provides the best available evidence at this time concerning scuba diving fatalities in the Philippines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Malury Rivera
- Basic Education Department, University of San Carlos, Philippines
| | - Kurt Bryant B Bacharo
- Basic Education Department, University of San Carlos, Philippines; Marine Biology Section, Biology Department, University of San Carlos, Philippines.
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Comment on Gattoni et al: Sleep Deprivation Training as a Highway to Hell in Ultratrail. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2022; 17:1455. [PMID: 35894901 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2022-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wang H, Cheng L, Han Y. Effect of oral administration of GABA on thermoregulation in athletes during exercise in cold environments: A preliminary study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:883571. [PMID: 35911099 PMCID: PMC9335056 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.883571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a common ingredient in sports supplements and other health products, regulates body temperature in the preoptic area and anterior hypothalamus (PO/AH). To date, no study has examined the effect of GABA on thermoregulation during exercise in humans in a cold temperature environment (11 ± 0.3°C, 45% ± 2% relative humidity). Methods We performed a randomized, double-blind study. Ten trained male athletes consumed either a drink (3 ml/kg weight) containing GABA (1,000 mg, trial G) or an equivalent amount of placebo drink (trial C) before exercise. They rested for 20 min and then cycled at 60% of maximum output power for 40 min, pedaling at 60 rpm, and recovered for 20 min. Core temperature (Tc), skin temperature (upper arm, chest, thigh, calf), and heart rate (HR) were monitored at rest (T0), exercise begins (T20), 20 min of exercise (T40), the exercise ends (T60), and at recovery (T80). Results Compared to T0, Tc decreased significantly at T20 and increased significantly at T40, T60 and T80 (p < 0.01). From 35–80 min, the Tc was higher in trial G (peaked at 37.96 ± 0.25°C) than in trial C (37.89 ± 0.37°C), but it failed to reach significant difference (p > 0.05); Tsk continued to increase during exercise and was significantly higher than T0 at T40 (p < 0.05), T60 and T80 (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in Tsk between the two trials (p > 0.05). Conclusion Our findings provide initial evidence that oral administration of GABA does not affect thermoregulation and has no adverse effects on the body as an ergogenic exercise supplement during exercise in cold environments.
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Development of a trail running injury screening instrument: A multiple methods approach. Phys Ther Sport 2022; 56:60-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Viljoen C, Janse van Rensburg DCC, van Mechelen W, Verhagen E, Silva B, Scheer V, Besomi M, Gajardo-Burgos R, Matos S, Schoeman M, Jansen van Rensburg A, van Dyk N, Scheepers S, Botha T. Trail running injury risk factors: a living systematic review. Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:577-587. [PMID: 35022162 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review and frequently update the available evidence on injury risk factors and epidemiology of injury in trail running. DESIGN Living systematic review. Updated searches will be done every 6 months for a minimum period of 5 years. DATA SOURCES Eight electronic databases were searched from inception to 18 March 2021. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies that investigated injury risk factors and/or reported the epidemiology of injury in trail running. RESULTS Nineteen eligible studies were included, of which 10 studies investigated injury risk factors among 2 785 participants. Significant intrinsic factors associated with injury are: more running experience, level A runner and higher total propensity to sports accident questionnaire (PAD-22) score. Previous history of cramping and postrace biomarkers of muscle damage is associated with cramping. Younger age and low skin phototypes are associated with sunburn. Significant extrinsic factors associated with injury are neglecting warm-up, no specialised running plan, training on asphalt, double training sessions per day and physical labour occupations. A slower race finishing time is associated with cramping, while more than 3 hours of training per day, shade as the primary mode of sun protection and being single are associated with sunburn. An injury incidence range 0.7-61.2 injuries/1000 hours of running and prevalence range 1.3% to 90% were reported. The lower limb was the most reported region of injury, specifically involving blisters of the foot/toe. CONCLUSION Limited studies investigated injury risk factors in trail running. Our review found eight intrinsic and nine extrinsic injury risk factors. This review highlighted areas for future research that may aid in designing injury risk management strategies for safer trail running participation.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021240832.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carel Viljoen
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa .,Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Dina C Christa Janse van Rensburg
- Section Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Medical Board Member, World Netball, Manchester, UK
| | - Willem van Mechelen
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Silva
- School of Sports and Leisure, Department of Sports Science, Tourism and Leisure, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Melgaço, Portugal.,Research Center in Sports Science, Health Science and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Volker Scheer
- Ultra Sports Science Foundation (USSF), Pierre-Benite, France
| | - Manuela Besomi
- Carrera de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rubén Gajardo-Burgos
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Instituto de Aparato Locomotor y Rehabilitación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Sérgio Matos
- School of Sports and Leisure, Department of Sports Science, Tourism and Leisure, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Melgaço, Portugal.,Department of Sports, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Marlene Schoeman
- Section Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Nicol van Dyk
- High Performance Unit, Irish Rugby Football Union, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susan Scheepers
- Department of Library Services, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Tanita Botha
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Viljoen CT, Janse van Rensburg DC, Verhagen E, van Mechelen W, Korkie E, Botha T. Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, and Risk Factors for Running-Related Injuries among South African Trail Runners. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312620. [PMID: 34886345 PMCID: PMC8656810 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Trail running involves running on varying natural terrains, often including large elevation gains/losses. Trail running has a high risk of injury, and runners often participate in remote regions where medical support is challenging. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology, clinical characteristic, and associated injury risk factors among trail runners. A modified Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire for Health Problems (OSTRC-H) was used biweekly to collect running-related injury (RRI) and training history data prospectively, among 152 participants (males n = 120, females n = 32) over 30 weeks. We report an overall injury rate of 19.6 RRIs per 1000 h and an RRI mean prevalence of 12.3%. The leading anatomical site of RRIs was the lower limb (82.9%), affecting the knee (29.8%), shin/lower leg (18.0%), and the foot/toes (13.7%). A history of previous RRI in the past 12 months (p = 0.0032) and having a chronic disease (p = 0.0188) are independent risk factors for RRIs among trail runners. Two in three trail runners sustain an RRI mainly affecting the knee, shin/lower leg, and foot/toes. A history of previous RRI in the past 12 months and a having chronic disease is independently associated with RRI among trail runners. These results could be used to develop future RRI prevention strategies, combined with clinical knowledge and experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carel T. Viljoen
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa;
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.V.); (W.v.M.)
- Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Pretoria 0186, South Africa;
- Correspondence:
| | - Dina C. Janse van Rensburg
- Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Pretoria 0186, South Africa;
- Section Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.V.); (W.v.M.)
| | - Willem van Mechelen
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.V.); (W.v.M.)
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elzette Korkie
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa;
| | - Tanita Botha
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa;
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Gatterer H, Dünnwald T, Turner R, Csapo R, Schobersberger W, Burtscher M, Faulhaber M, Kennedy MD. Practicing Sport in Cold Environments: Practical Recommendations to Improve Sport Performance and Reduce Negative Health Outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9700. [PMID: 34574624 PMCID: PMC8471173 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although not a barrier to perform sport, cold weather environments (low ambient temperature, high wind speeds, and increased precipitation, i.e., rain/water/snow) may influence sport performance. Despite the obvious requirement for practical recommendations and guidelines to better facilitate training and competition in such cold environments, the current scientific evidence-base is lacking. Nonetheless, this review summarizes the current available knowledge specifically related to the physiological impact of cold exposure, in an attempt to provide practitioners and coaches alike with practical recommendations to minimize any potential negative performance effects, mitigate health issues, and best optimize athlete preparation across various sporting disciplines. Herein, the review is split into sections which explore some of the key physiological effects of cold exposure on performance (i.e., endurance exercise capacity and explosive athletic power), potential health issues (short-term and long-term), and what is currently known with regard to best preparation or mitigation strategies considered to negate the potential negative effects of cold on performance. Specific focus is given to "winter" sports that are usually completed in cold environments and practical recommendations for physical preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Gatterer
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy;
| | - Tobias Dünnwald
- Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism (ISAG), UMIT, Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, 6060 Hall i.T., Tirol, Austria and Tirol-Kliniken GmbH, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (T.D.); (W.S.)
| | - Rachel Turner
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy;
| | - Robert Csapo
- Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Wolfgang Schobersberger
- Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism (ISAG), UMIT, Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, 6060 Hall i.T., Tirol, Austria and Tirol-Kliniken GmbH, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (T.D.); (W.S.)
- Austrian Society for Alpine and High-Altitude Medicine, 6414 Mieming, Austria; (M.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Austrian Society for Alpine and High-Altitude Medicine, 6414 Mieming, Austria; (M.B.); (M.F.)
- Department of Sport Science, University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Faulhaber
- Austrian Society for Alpine and High-Altitude Medicine, 6414 Mieming, Austria; (M.B.); (M.F.)
- Department of Sport Science, University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael D. Kennedy
- Athlete Health Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
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