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Ma J, Zhang Y, Ding X, Liang Z, Yang C, Deng Z, He H, Guan Z, Zeng C, Lin Y, Luo X. Co-occurrence of Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia and X-Linked Hypophosphatemia in a Three-Generation Chinese Family. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 113:266-275. [PMID: 37278761 PMCID: PMC10449693 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rare genetic skeletal disorders (GSDs) remain the major problem in orthopedics and result in significant morbidity in patients, but the causes are highly diverse. Precise molecular diagnosis will benefit management and genetic counseling. This study aims to share the diagnostic experience on a three-generation Chinese family with co-occurrence of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (SED) and X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), and evaluate the therapeutic effects of two third-generation siblings. The proband, his younger brother, and mother presented with short stature, skeletal problems, and hypophosphatemia. His father, paternal grandfather, and aunt also manifested short stature and skeletal deformities. Whole exome sequencing (WES) of proband-brother-parents initially only found the proband and his younger brother had a pathogenic c.2833G > A(p.G945S) variant in the COL2A1 gene inherited from their father. Re-analysis of WES uncovered the proband and his younger brother also harbored a pathogenic ex.12 del variant in the PHEX gene transmitted from their mother. Sanger sequencing, agarose gel electrophoresis, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction proved these results. The proband and his younger brother were confirmed to have a paternally inherited SED and a maternally inherited XLH. During a 2.8-year follow-up, these two siblings remained short stature and hypophosphatemia, but their radiographic signs and serum bone alkaline phosphatase levels were improved with treatment of oral phosphate and calcitriol. Our study presents the first report of co-occurrence of SED and XLH, shows the possibility that two different rare GSDs co-exist in a single patient, and alerts clinicians and geneticists to be cautious about this condition. Our study also suggests that next-generation sequencing has limit in detecting exon-level large deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ma
- Translational Medicine Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, 511442, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, 511442, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Ding
- Department of Child Health, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, 518028, China
| | - Zhijiang Liang
- Department of Public Health, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, 511442, China
| | - Chaoxiang Yang
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, 511442, China
| | - Zhi Deng
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, 511442, China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, 511442, China
| | - Zhihong Guan
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Chunhua Zeng
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
| | - Yunting Lin
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
| | - Xianqiong Luo
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, 511442, China.
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Shafi K, Lovecchio F, Sava M, Steinhaus M, Samuel A, Carter E, Lebl D, Farmer J, Raggio C. Complications and Revisions After Spine Surgery in Patients With Skeletal Dysplasia: Have We Improved? Global Spine J 2023; 13:268-275. [PMID: 33596686 PMCID: PMC9972265 DOI: 10.1177/2192568221994786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. OBJECTIVE To report contemporary rates of complications and subsequent surgery after spinal surgery in patients with skeletal dysplasia. METHODS A case series of 25 consecutive patients who underwent spinal surgery between 2007 and 2017 were identified from a single institution's skeletal dysplasia registry. Patient demographics, medical history, surgical indication, complications, and subsequent surgeries (revisions, extension to adjacent levels, or for pathology at a non-contiguous level) were collected. Charlson comorbidity indices were calculated as a composite measure of overall health. RESULTS Achondroplasia was the most common skeletal dysplasia (76%) followed by spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (20%); 1 patient had diastrophic dysplasia (4%). Average patient age was 53.2 ± 14.7 years and most patients were in excellent cardiovascular health (88% Charlson Comorbidity Index 0-4). Mean follow up after the index procedure was 57.4 ± 39.2 months (range). Indications for surgery were mostly for neurologic symptoms. The most commonly performed surgery was a multilevel thoracolumbar decompression without fusion (57%). Complications included durotomy (36%), neurologic complication (12%), and infection requiring irrigation and debridement (8%). Nine patients (36%) underwent a subsequent surgery. Three patients (12%) underwent a procedure at a non-contiguous anatomic zone, 3 (12%) underwent a revision of the previous surgery, and another 3 (12%) required extension of their previous decompression or fusion. CONCLUSIONS Surgical complication rates remain high after spine surgery in patients with skeletal dysplasia, likely attributable to inherent characteristics of the disease. Patients should be counseled on their risk for complication and subsequent surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Shafi
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York,
NY, USA
| | | | - Maria Sava
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York,
NY, USA
| | | | | | - Erin Carter
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York,
NY, USA
| | - Darren Lebl
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York,
NY, USA
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Falls CJ, Page PS, Greeneway GP, Stadler JA. Management of Craniocervical Instability in Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Congenita: Assessment of Literature and Presentation of Two Cases. Cureus 2022; 14:e27020. [PMID: 35989807 PMCID: PMC9386322 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita (SEDC) is a rare autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia resulting in impairment of type II collagen function. Phenotypically, this results in various skeletal, ligamentous, ocular, and otologic abnormalities. Platyspondyly, scoliosis, ligamental laxity, and odontoid hypoplasia are common, resulting in myelopathy in a high number of patients due to atlantoaxial instability. Despite patients undergoing surgical fixation, complication rates such as nonunion have been reported to be high. Here within, we present two patients treated with occipitocervical fusion for atlantoaxial instability and early symptoms of progressive myelopathy. We additionally provide a detailed review of the literature to inform practitioners of the spinal manifestations and clinical considerations in SEDC.
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Liu Z, Bai X, Wan P, Mo F, Chen G, Zhang J, Gao J. Targeted Deletion of Loxl3 by Col2a1-Cre Leads to Progressive Hearing Loss. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:683495. [PMID: 34150778 PMCID: PMC8212933 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.683495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagens are major constituents of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that play an essential role in the structure of the inner ear and provide elasticity and rigidity when the signals of sound are received and transformed into electrical signals. LOXL3 is a member of the lysyl oxidase (LOX) family that are copper-dependent amine oxidases, generating covalent cross-links to stabilize polymeric elastin and collagen fibers in the ECM. Biallelic missense variant of LOXL3 was found in Stickler syndrome with mild conductive hearing loss. However, available information regarding the specific roles of LOXL3 in auditory function is limited. In this study, we showed that the Col2a1-Cre-mediated ablation of Loxl3 in the inner ear can cause progressive hearing loss, degeneration of hair cells and secondary degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons. The abnormal distribution of type II collagen in the spiral ligament and increased inflammatory responses were also found in Col2a1–Loxl3–/– mice. Amino oxidase activity exerts an effect on collagen; thus, Loxl3 deficiency was expected to result in the instability of collagen in the spiral ligament and the basilar membrane, which may interfere with the mechanical properties of the organ of Corti and induce the inflammatory responses that are responsible for the hearing loss. Overall, our findings suggest that Loxl3 may play an essential role in maintaining hearing function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Liu
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinfeng Bai
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peifeng Wan
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fan Mo
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ge Chen
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiangang Gao
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Aparisi Gómez MP, Trisolino G, Sangiorgi L, Guglielmi G, Bazzocchi A. Imaging of Congenital Skeletal Disorders. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2021; 25:22-38. [PMID: 34020466 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1723964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteochondrodysplasias are the result of the expression of gene mutations. The phenotypes in osteochondrodysplasias evolve through life, with the possibility that previously unaffected bones may be involved at later stages of growth. Due to the variable time of onset, the diagnosis may be made prenatally, at birth, or later. Certainty in the diagnosis is sometimes only achieved as the patient matures and the disease evolves. Radiographic evaluation is a fundamental part of the diagnostic work-up of congenital skeletal disorders and in most cases the first tool used to arrive at a diagnosis. This review describes the imaging characteristics, specific signs, and evolution of several skeletal dysplasias in which diagnosis may be directly or indirectly suggested by radiologic findings. A definitive accurate diagnosis of a congenital skeletal abnormality is necessary to help provide a prognosis of expected outcomes and to counsel parents and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pilar Aparisi Gómez
- Department of Radiology, National Women's Ultrasound, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Radiology, Hospital Vithas Nueve de Octubre, Valencia, Spain
| | - Giovanni Trisolino
- Pediatric Orthopedics and Traumatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Sangiorgi
- Rare Skeletal Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Guglielmi
- Department of Radiology, Hospital San Giovanni Rotondo, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.,Department of Radiology, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Alberto Bazzocchi
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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Almatrafi A, Alfadhli F, Khan YN, Afzal S, Hashmi JA, Ullah A, Albalawi AM, Basit S. A Heterozygous Mutation in the Triple Helical Region of the Alpha 1 (II) Chain of the COL2A1 Protein Causes Non-Lethal Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Congenita. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2019; 23:310-315. [PMID: 30932712 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2018.0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective:Heterozygous pathogenic variants in the COL2A1 gene result in several clinical features including impaired skeletal growth, ocular and otolaryngological abnormalities. Missense mutations in the triple helical region of the COL2A1 protein have been associated with lethal spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (SED). In this study, we aimed to identify the underlying cause of a case of SED congenita (SEDC) in a 27-month-old child. Materials and Methods: A patient who was diagnosed initially with osteochondrodysplasia underwent a detailed clinical and radiological examination to obtain a conclusive diagnosis. The patient did not show any clinical features of hypochondrogenesis. Whole exome sequencing of the COL2A1 gene was carried out to identify the underlying genetic cause of the disorder. Results: Variant annotation and filtration detected a heterozygous missense mutation c.1357G>A (p.G453S) in the exon 21 of the COL2A1 gene of the proband which was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Neither parent carried the mvariant suggesting this was a new mutation. Conclusion: The COL2A1 mutation (c.1357G>A), identified in this case, results in more mild phenotype than other missense mutations in exon 21 which are known to cause lethal hypochondrogenesis. We showed, for the first time, that a missense mutation (p.G453S) in the triple helical region of the alpha 1 (II) chain of the COL2A1 protein underlies SEDC and is not always lethal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Almatrafi
- 1 College of Science, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima Alfadhli
- 2 Department of Genetic Diseases, King Abdulla Medical City-Madinah Maternity and Children Hospital, Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Naseem Khan
- 3 Department of Anatomy, Al-Rayan Medical College, Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sibtain Afzal
- 4 Department of Pediatrics, Asthma Research Chair and Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamil A Hashmi
- 5 Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anhar Ullah
- 6 Cardiac Sciences Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alia M Albalawi
- 5 Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulman Basit
- 5 Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Dikaiakou Ε, Vlachopapadopoulou ΕA, Manolakos E, Samelis P, Margariti R, Zampakides C, Michalacos S. Identification of an Autosomal Dominant Mutation in the COL2A1 Gene Leading to Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Congenita in a Greek Family. Mol Syndromol 2019; 9:241-246. [PMID: 30733658 DOI: 10.1159/000492190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A boy and his father with severe short stature, progressively evolving body asymmetry, and skeletal abnormalities are presented. A next-generation sequencing exome study was performed, and the patient was found heterozygous for the c.1609G>A (p.Gly537Ser) mutation in the COL2A1 gene. This mutation is considered a pathogenic variant and has been previously registered in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) in association with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (accession: CM052184). It has been described in a patient as a sporadic case and resulted in a severe phenotype. Segregation studies, in order to determine the inheritance pattern, identified the same mutation in our patient's father. The variant was transmitted in an autosomal dominant pattern. In conclusion, we describe a patient with hereditary spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita, caused by a c.1609G_A (p.Gly537Ser) mutation in the COL2A1 gene, which resulted in a milder phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Εirini Dikaiakou
- Department of Endocrinology, Growth and Development, "P. & Α. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Εlpis A Vlachopapadopoulou
- Department of Endocrinology, Growth and Development, "P. & Α. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Panagiotis Samelis
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, "P. & Α. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Rodanthi Margariti
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, "P. & Α. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Zampakides
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, "P. & Α. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stefanos Michalacos
- Department of Endocrinology, Growth and Development, "P. & Α. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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8
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraplegia or death secondary to upper cervical spine instability and spinal cord compression are known consequences of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita (SEDC). Stabilization and occasionally decompression of the upper cervical spine are indicated to treat upper cervical instability and stenosis. The purpose of this study was to report the results of upper cervical spine fusion in children with SEDC who had upper cervical instability. METHODS Twenty children (17 females and 3 males) with SEDC who underwent upper cervical spine fusion at a mean age of 72 months were retrospectively analyzed. Three of these children were under the age of 2. Fifteen children had posterior instrumentation and fusion whereas 5 children had posterior in situ fusion without use of any implant. Thirteen of 20 children had iliac crest autograft. Radiographic and clinical results were reported. RESULTS The average follow-up period was 8 years and 8 months. All children with instrumentation achieved fusion. Three of 5 children who had no instrumentation had nonunion (1 child had a stable nonunion and did not need revision; 1 had a single noninstrumented revision and ended up with a stable nonunion without further intervention; and the third one had a noninstrumented revision and had to have a second, instrumented, revision to achieve fusion). Six children had thoracolumbar scoliosis or kyphoscoliosis which required surgical management.No postoperative neurological deficits were observed. Two of the 3 children with a preoperative neurological deficit showed full recovery and the third one remained unchanged. Pseudarthrosis is the main complication for the noninstrumented group. Distal junctional instability after successful fusion is seen at long-term follow-up (average=6 y) for 13% of patients in instrumented group. CONCLUSIONS Instrumentation and iliac bone grafting results in 100% upper cervical fusion for SEDC children who demonstrated instability before surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV-therapeutic.
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Wagner MW, Poretti A, Benson JE, Huisman TAGM. Neuroimaging Findings in Pediatric Genetic Skeletal Disorders: A Review. J Neuroimaging 2016; 27:162-209. [PMID: 28000960 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic skeletal disorders (GSDs) are a heterogeneous group characterized by an intrinsic abnormality in growth and (re-)modeling of cartilage and bone. A large subgroup of GSDs has additional involvement of other structures/organs beside the skeleton, such as the central nervous system (CNS). CNS abnormalities have an important role in long-term prognosis of children with GSDs and should consequently not be missed. Sensitive and specific identification of CNS lesions while evaluating a child with a GSD requires a detailed knowledge of the possible associated CNS abnormalities. Here, we provide a pattern-recognition approach for neuroimaging findings in GSDs guided by the obvious skeletal manifestations of GSD. In particular, we summarize which CNS findings should be ruled out with each GSD. The diseases (n = 180) are classified based on the skeletal involvement (1. abnormal metaphysis or epiphysis, 2. abnormal size/number of bones, 3. abnormal shape of bones and joints, and 4. abnormal dynamic or structural changes). For each disease, skeletal involvement was defined in accordance with Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. Morphological CNS involvement has been described based on extensive literature search. Selected examples will be shown based on prevalence of the diseases and significance of the CNS involvement. CNS involvement is common in GSDs. A wide spectrum of morphological abnormalities is associated with GSDs. Early diagnosis of CNS involvement is important in the management of children with GSDs. This pattern-recognition approach aims to assist and guide physicians in the diagnostic work-up of CNS involvement in children with GSDs and their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias W Wagner
- Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Poretti
- Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jane E Benson
- Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Thierry A G M Huisman
- Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Felix O, Amaddeo A, Olmo Arroyo J, Zerah M, Puget S, Cormier-Daire V, Baujat G, Pinto G, Fernandez-Bolanos M, Fauroux B. Central sleep apnea in children: experience at a single center. Sleep Med 2016; 25:24-28. [PMID: 27823711 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Central sleep apnea (CSA) syndromes are rare in children and data in children over one year of age are scarce. The aim of the study was to describe the sleep characteristics, underlying disorders, management, and outcome of children with CSA. PATIENTS/METHODS A retrospective chart review of all children >1 year of age, diagnosed with CSA on a laboratory sleep study during a 20-month period, was performed. CSA was defined by a central apnea index (CAI) >5 events/h. The clinical management and the patient's outcome were analyzed. RESULTS Eighteen of 441 (4.1%) patients recorded during the study period had CSA. The median CAI, pulse oximetry, and oxygen desaturation index were 13/h (range 6-146), 96% (93-98%), and 18/h (6-98), respectively. Neurosurgical pathologies represented the most common underlying disorders with Arnold-Chiari malformation in four and ganglioglioma in three patients. Other underlying disorders were Prader-Willi syndrome (N = 3), achondroplasia (N = 2), and Down syndrome, with one patient having an achondroplasia and a Down syndrome. The remaining six patients had other genetic diseases. The most common investigation was brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Individualized management with neurosurgery and/or chemotherapy, continuous positive airway pressure (in two patients having associated obstructive events), or noninvasive ventilation resulted in an improvement in CSA and the clinical presentation in 11 patients. CONCLUSION CSA is rare in children >1 year of age. Underlying disorders are dominated by neurosurgical disorders. Individualized management is able to improve CSA and the clinical condition in most patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlane Felix
- Pediatric Noninvasive Ventilation and Sleep Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Amaddeo
- Pediatric Noninvasive Ventilation and Sleep Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.
| | - Jorge Olmo Arroyo
- Pediatric Noninvasive Ventilation and Sleep Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Michel Zerah
- Paris Descartes University, Paris, France; Pediatric Neurosurgery, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Puget
- Paris Descartes University, Paris, France; Pediatric Neurosurgery, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Valerie Cormier-Daire
- Paris Descartes University, Paris, France; Genetic Department, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | | | - Graziella Pinto
- Pediatric Endocrinology, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Marta Fernandez-Bolanos
- Pediatric Noninvasive Ventilation and Sleep Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Fauroux
- Pediatric Noninvasive Ventilation and Sleep Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Paris, France; Inserm U955, Team 13, Créteil Université, Paris XII, Créteil, France
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Deng H, Huang X, Yuan L. Molecular genetics of the COL2A1-related disorders. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 768:1-13. [PMID: 27234559 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Type II collagen, comprised of three identical alpha-1(II) chains, is the major collagen synthesized by chondrocytes, and is found in articular cartilage, vitreous humour, inner ear and nucleus pulposus. Mutations in the collagen type II alpha-1 gene (COL2A1) have been reported to be responsible for a series of abnormalities, known as type II collagenopathies. To date, 16 definite disorders, inherited in an autosomal dominant or recessive pattern, have been described to be associated with the COL2A1 mutations, and at least 405 mutations ranging from point mutations to complex rearrangements have been reported, though the underlying pathogenesis remains unclear. Significant clinical heterogeneity has been reported in COL2A1-associated type II collagenopathies. In this review, we highlight current knowledge of known mutations in the COL2A1 gene for these disorders, as well as genetic animal models related to the COL2A1 gene, which may help us understand the nature of complex phenotypes and underlying pathogenesis of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Deng
- Center for Experimental Medicine and Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Xiangjun Huang
- Center for Experimental Medicine and Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Lamei Yuan
- Center for Experimental Medicine and Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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12
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Huang X, Deng X, Xu H, Wu S, Yuan L, Yang Z, Yang Y, Deng H. Identification of a Novel Mutation in the COL2A1 Gene in a Chinese Family with Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Congenita. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127529. [PMID: 26030151 PMCID: PMC4452087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita (SEDC) is an autosomal dominant chondrodysplasia characterized by disproportionate short-trunk dwarfism, skeletal and vertebral deformities. Exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed in a Chinese Han family with typical SEDC, and a novel mutation, c.620G>A (p.Gly207Glu), in the collagen type II alpha-1 gene (COL2A1) was identified. The mutation may impair protein stability, and lead to dysfunction of type II collagen. Family-based study suggested that the mutation is a de novo mutation. Our study extends the mutation spectrum of SEDC and confirms genotype-phenotype relationship between mutations at glycine in the triple helix of the alpha-1(II) chains of the COL2A1 and clinical findings of SEDC, which may be helpful in the genetic counseling of patients with SEDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Huang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiong Deng
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbo Xu
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Song Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lamei Yuan
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhijian Yang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- * E-mail:
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Terhal PA, Nievelstein RJAJ, Verver EJJ, Topsakal V, van Dommelen P, Hoornaert K, Le Merrer M, Zankl A, Simon MEH, Smithson SF, Marcelis C, Kerr B, Clayton-Smith J, Kinning E, Mansour S, Elmslie F, Goodwin L, van der Hout AH, Veenstra-Knol HE, Herkert JC, Lund AM, Hennekam RCM, Mégarbané A, Lees MM, Wilson LC, Male A, Hurst J, Alanay Y, Annerén G, Betz RC, Bongers EMHF, Cormier-Daire V, Dieux A, David A, Elting MW, van den Ende J, Green A, van Hagen JM, Hertel NT, Holder-Espinasse M, den Hollander N, Homfray T, Hove HD, Price S, Raas-Rothschild A, Rohrbach M, Schroeter B, Suri M, Thompson EM, Tobias ES, Toutain A, Vreeburg M, Wakeling E, Knoers NV, Coucke P, Mortier GR. A study of the clinical and radiological features in a cohort of 93 patients with aCOL2A1mutation causing spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita or a related phenotype. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:461-75. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulien A. Terhal
- Department of Medical Genetics; University Medical Centre Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | | | - Eva J. J. Verver
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery; Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience; University Medical Centre Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Vedat Topsakal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery; Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience; University Medical Centre Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Martine Le Merrer
- Department of Genetics, INSERM UMR_1163, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute; Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades; Paris France
| | - Andreas Zankl
- Academic Department of Medical Genetics; Discipline of Genetic Medicine, The University of Sydney; Sydney Children's Hospital Network (Westmead); Sydney Australia
| | - Marleen E. H. Simon
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Erasmus Medical Centre; University Medical Centre; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Sarah F. Smithson
- Department of Clinical Genetics; St. Michael's Hospital; Bristol United Kingdom
| | - Carlo Marcelis
- Department of Human Genetics; Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences; Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disease; Radboud University Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Bronwyn Kerr
- Manchester Centre For Genomic Medicine, University of Manchester; St Mary's Hospital; Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Jill Clayton-Smith
- Manchester Centre For Genomic Medicine, University of Manchester; St Mary's Hospital; Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Esther Kinning
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Southern General Hospital; Glasgow United Kingdom
| | - Sahar Mansour
- SW Thames Regional Genetics Service; St George's NHS Trust; London United Kingdom
| | - Frances Elmslie
- SW Thames Regional Genetics Service; St George's NHS Trust; London United Kingdom
| | - Linda Goodwin
- Department of Genetics; Nepean Hospital; Penrith Australia
| | | | | | - Johanna C. Herkert
- Department of Genetics; University Medical Centre Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Allan M. Lund
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases; Department of Clinical Genetics; Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Raoul C. M. Hennekam
- Department of Pediatrics; Academic Medical Centre; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - André Mégarbané
- Unité de Génétique Médicale et Laboratoire Associé Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR-S910; Université Saint-Joseph; Beirut Lebanon
| | - Melissa M. Lees
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Great Ormond Street Hospital; London United Kingdom
| | - Louise C. Wilson
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Great Ormond Street Hospital; London United Kingdom
| | - Alison Male
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Great Ormond Street Hospital; London United Kingdom
| | - Jane Hurst
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Great Ormond Street Hospital; London United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Churchill Hospital; Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Yasemin Alanay
- Pediatric Genetics Unit; Department of Pediatrics; Acibadem University School of Medicine; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Göran Annerén
- Department of Immunology; Genetics and Pathology; Science for Life Laboratory; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Regina C. Betz
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Ernie M. H. F. Bongers
- Department of Human Genetics; Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences; Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disease; Radboud University Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Valerie Cormier-Daire
- Department of Genetics, INSERM UMR_1163, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute; Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades; Paris France
| | - Anne Dieux
- Service de Génétique Clinique; Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre; Lille France
| | - Albert David
- Service de Génétique Médicale; CHU de Nantes; Nantes France
| | - Mariet W. Elting
- Department of Clinical Genetics; VU University Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jenneke van den Ende
- Department of Medical Genetics; Antwerp University Hospital; University of Antwerp; Edegem Belgium
| | - Andrew Green
- National Centre for Medical Genetics and School of Medicine and Medical Science; University College Dublin, Our Lady's Hospital Crumlin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Johanna M. van Hagen
- Department of Clinical Genetics; VU University Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Niels Thomas Hertel
- H.C. Andersen Children's Hospital; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - Muriel Holder-Espinasse
- Service de Génétique Clinique; Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre; Lille France
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Guy's Hospital; London United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Hanne D. Hove
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Susan Price
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Churchill Hospital; Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Annick Raas-Rothschild
- Institute of Medical Genetics; Meir Medical Centre, Kfar Saba, and Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Marianne Rohrbach
- Division of Metabolism, Children's Research Centre, Connective Tissue Unit; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - Mohnish Suri
- Nottingham Clinical Genetics Service, City Hospital Campus; Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust; Nottingham United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth M. Thompson
- SA Clinical Genetics, SA Pathology at the Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia and Department of Paediatrics; University of Adelaide; Adelaide North Terrace, South Australia
| | - Edward S. Tobias
- Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Coll Med Vet and Life Sci; University of Glasgow; Glasgow Scotland
| | | | - Maaike Vreeburg
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Maastricht University Medical Centre; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Emma Wakeling
- North West Thames Regional Genetic Service; North West London Hospitals NHS Trust; London United Kingdom
| | - Nine V. Knoers
- Department of Medical Genetics; University Medical Centre Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Paul Coucke
- Department of Medical Genetics; Ghent University Hospital; Ghent Belgium
- Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Geert R. Mortier
- Department of Medical Genetics; Antwerp University Hospital; University of Antwerp; Edegem Belgium
- Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
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Panda A, Gamanagatti S, Jana M, Gupta AK. Skeletal dysplasias: A radiographic approach and review of common non-lethal skeletal dysplasias. World J Radiol 2014; 6:808-825. [PMID: 25349664 PMCID: PMC4209426 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v6.i10.808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal dysplasias are not uncommon entities and a radiologist is likely to encounter a suspected case of dysplasia in his practice. The correct and early diagnosis of dysplasia is important for management of complications and for future genetic counselling. While there is an exhaustive classification system on dysplasias, it is important to be familiar with the radiological features of common dysplasias. In this article, we enumerate a radiographic approach to skeletal dysplasias, describe the essential as well as differentiating features of common non-lethal skeletal dysplasias and conclude by presenting working algorithms to either definitively diagnose a particular dysplasia or suggest the most likely differential diagnoses to the referring clinician and thus direct further workup of the patient.
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Hermans H, Veraa S, Ploeg M, Boerma S, Hazewinkel HAW, Back W. Osteochondral dysplasia of the coxofemoral joints in a Friesian foal: Clinical findings and methods of diagnosis. EQUINE VET EDUC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Hermans
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - S. Veraa
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Companion Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - M. Ploeg
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - S. Boerma
- Equine Clinic Garijp; Garijp The Netherlands
| | - H. A. W. Hazewinkel
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - W. Back
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
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