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Konings F, Sumter SR, Vandenbosch L. Gender Roles and Mobile Dating Applications: Exploring Links Between User Characteristics and Traditional Gender Expressions in Self-Presentations. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 53:2361-2376. [PMID: 38844742 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-024-02884-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
This linkage study examined the prevalence of traditional gender expressions in the textual and visual profile cues on mobile dating applications (MDA) (nbiographies = 396, npictures = 1352) of 396 young adults' (Mage = 22.39 years, SD = 2.86, 73% women) with attention to users' gender, sexual orientation, and platform type. For 184 users (Mage = 22.10 years, SD = 2.91, 75% women) media content data were linked to self-report survey data. Results showed that individuals aligned their self-presentations with traditional gender roles and expectations, and this link depended on their gender. No significant differences according to individuals' sexual orientation or platform type were found. Individuals' (hyper-) gender orientation also related to engagement in traditional gender expressions. Specifically, women with a stronger feminine gender orientation expressed more traditional femininity in their MDA profiles. For men, no significant associations between (aspects of) a masculine gender orientation and expressing traditional masculinity in their MDA profiles were found. Future research should further disentangle selective gendered self-presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke Konings
- Leuven School for Mass Communication Research, Department of Communication Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Research Foundation Flanders, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sindy R Sumter
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research, Research Institute in Communication Science, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Vandenbosch
- Leuven School for Mass Communication Research, Department of Communication Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Research Foundation Flanders, Brussels, Belgium
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2
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Ummak E, Toplu-Demirtaş E, Aracı-İyiaydın A. Internalized Heterosexism and Exposed Psychological Intimate Partner Violence: Experiences of Lesbian and Bisexual Women in Turkey and Denmark. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2023; 38:213-233. [PMID: 37011948 DOI: 10.1891/vv-2021-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigates how associations between internalized heterosexism (IH) and psychological intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization differ for lesbian vs. bisexual (LB) women in Denmark, where queer people are relatively well accepted, and Turkey, where discrimination is still very high. The first purpose of the current study is to explore differences in the prevalence of psychological IPV victimization as a function of sexual orientation (LB women) and country (Denmark and Turkey). As the second purpose, we look at the moderating role of sexual orientation and moderated moderating role of country on the association between IH and psychological IPV victimization. A sample of 257 LB women aged 18-71 years (M = 33.23, SD = 11.15) from Denmark and 152 LB women aged 18-52 years (M = 28.88, SD = 7.70) from Turkey participated. The results of chi-square analyses indicate that LB women from Turkey reported significantly higher psychological IPV victimization than LB women from Denmark. Lesbian than bisexual women from both countries reported more hostile withdrawal and dominance/intimidation-related psychological IPV victimization. The results of moderated moderation analyses reveal that lesbian women in Turkey and bisexual women in Denmark with higher IH were more likely to report experiencing denigration acts. Mental health professionals working with queer psychological IPV survivors may benefit from understanding that IH is associated with LB women's victimization of psychological IPV, which might be further associated with mental health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Ummak
- VID Specialized University, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ayşegül Aracı-İyiaydın
- Lecturer, Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, TED University, Ankara, Turkey
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3
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Gender self-concept and hazardous drinking among sexual minority women: Results from the Chicago health and life experiences of women (CHLEW) study. Addict Behav 2022; 132:107366. [PMID: 35598531 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sexual minority women (SMW; e.g., lesbian, bisexual) report substantially higher rates of hazardous drinking (HD) than heterosexual women.Yet, few studies have examined sub-group differences. In this study, we investigated the relationship between gender self-concept and HD among SMW. Research consistently shows a link between heavier drinking and masculinity. SMW are more likely than heterosexual women to be gender nonconforming, and masculinity among SMW is associated with increased minority stress, a key HD risk factor. METHODS We used Wave 3 data from the Chicago Health and Life Experiences of Women study, a longitudinal study of SMW (N = 598), which assessed participants' self-perceived levels of masculinity and femininity and their perception of how masculine/feminine others viewed them. Using multivariable logistic regression, we examined the association between gender self-concept and past 12-month heavy episodic drinking (HED), drinking-related problems, and alcohol dependence. RESULTS Controlling for demographics and minority stress, greater masculinity (both self-perceived and perceptions by others) was associated with higher odds of HED and alcohol dependence. Masculinity as perceived by others was associated with higher odds of drinking-related problems. Neither femininity measure was associated with HD. Additionally, minority stress (i.e., discrimination, stigma, internalized stigma) did not account for the relationship between gender self-concept and HD. CONCLUSIONS/IMPORTANCE In this sample, masculinity, particularly SMW's beliefs that others viewed them as masculine, was associated with HD. This association was not attributable to differences in minority stress and may be related to differences in gendered drinking norms, which could be targeted in intervention studies.
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Williams D, Bartelt E, Thomas B, Guerra-Reyes L, Carspecken L, Rosenstock Gonzalez YR, Klimek S, Dodge B. Beyond the Boundaries: Exploring the Identity-Related Experiences of Biracial/Multiracial and Bisexual Adults. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:2241-2259. [PMID: 35622076 PMCID: PMC9137263 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02236-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Most prior bisexual research takes a monolithic approach to racial identity, and existing racial/ethnic minority research often overlooks bisexuality. Consequently, previous studies have rarely examined the experiences and unique health needs of biracial/multiracial and bisexual individuals. This exploratory qualitative study investigated the identity-related experiences of biracial/multiracial and bisexual adults within the context of health and well-being. Data were collected through 90-min semi-structured telephone interviews. Participants were recruited through online social network sites and included 24 adults between ages 18 and 59 years. We aimed to explore how identity-related experiences shape biracial/multiracial and bisexual individuals' identity development processes; how biracial/multiracial and bisexual individuals negotiate their identities; how the blending of multiple identities may contribute to perceptions of inclusion, exclusion, and social connectedness; and how biracial/multiracial and bisexual individuals may attribute positive and negative experiences to their identities. Interview transcripts were analyzed using an inductive thematic approach. Analysis highlighted four major themes: passing and invisible identities, not measuring up and erasing complexity, cultural binegativity/queerphobia and intersectional oppressions, and navigating beyond boundaries. Our findings imply promoting affirmative visibility and developing intentional support networks may help biracial/multiracial and bisexual individuals cultivate resiliency and navigate sources of identity stress. We encourage future research to explore mental health and chronic stress among this community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deana Williams
- Center for Sexual Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Indiana University-Bloomington, 1025 E 7th St., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Bartelt
- School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo-SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Breanna Thomas
- Center for Sexual Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Indiana University-Bloomington, 1025 E 7th St., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Lucia Guerra-Reyes
- Center for Sexual Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Indiana University-Bloomington, 1025 E 7th St., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Lucinda Carspecken
- School of Education, Indiana University-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Yael R Rosenstock Gonzalez
- Center for Sexual Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Indiana University-Bloomington, 1025 E 7th St., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Sally Klimek
- Center for Sexual Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Indiana University-Bloomington, 1025 E 7th St., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Brian Dodge
- Center for Sexual Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Indiana University-Bloomington, 1025 E 7th St., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
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The new lesbian aesthetic? Exploring gender style among femme, butch and androgynous sexual minority women. WOMENS STUDIES INTERNATIONAL FORUM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wsif.2021.102504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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6
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Body checking behaviors and eating disorder pathology among nonbinary individuals with androgynous appearance ideals. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:1915-1925. [PMID: 33063287 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-01040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internalized sociocultural standards of attractiveness are a risk factor repeatedly linked to eating disorders; however, many nonbinary individuals do not conform to these standards. PURPOSE This study investigated the body checking behaviors and eating disorder pathology among nonbinary individuals with androgynous appearance ideals. METHODS Participants (n = 194) completed an online survey assessing body checking behaviors, body appreciation, gender congruence, and eating disorder pathology RESULTS: Body checking predicted eating disorder pathology, and body image significantly improved the model. Gender congruence did not additional variance in predicting eating pathology CONCLUSION: Though gender congruence was not a significant predictor of eating pathology, content analysis revealed unique body behaviors specific to nonbinary individuals' gender identity and gender expression. Clinical implications include expanding perceptions of eating disorder presentation when working with nonbinary individuals with androgynous appearance ideals. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Fasoli F, Hegarty P, Frost DM. Stigmatization of 'gay-sounding' voices: The role of heterosexual, lesbian, and gay individuals' essentialist beliefs. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 60:826-850. [PMID: 33469995 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Voice-based sexual orientation (SO) judgements can prompt group-based discrimination. However, the relationships between stigmatization and essentialist beliefs about vocal cues to SO have not been researched. Two studies examined heterosexuals' and gay men's and lesbian women's essentialist beliefs about voice as a cue of SO to uncover essentialist beliefs' role in the perpetration and experience of stigma. In Study 1 (N = 363), heterosexual participants believed voice was a better cue to SO for men than for women, and participants' belief in the discreteness, immutability, and controllability of 'gay-sounding' voices was correlated with higher avoidant discrimination towards gay-sounding men. In Study 2 (N = 147), endorsement of essentialist beliefs about voice as a SO cue was associated with self-perceptions of sounding gay amongst gay men and lesbians. Sexual minority participants, especially gay men, who believed that they sounded gay reported more anticipation of rejection and engaged in vigilance in response. Essentialist beliefs about vocal cues to SO are relevant to explaining both the perpetration of stigma by heterosexuals and the experience of stigma for lesbians and gay men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Fasoli
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Peter Hegarty
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - David M Frost
- Social Research Institute, University College London, UK
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Baiocco R, Pistella J, Morelli M. Coming Out to Parents in Lesbian and Bisexual Women: The Role of Internalized Sexual Stigma and Positive LB Identity. Front Psychol 2020; 11:609885. [PMID: 33363501 PMCID: PMC7753113 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.609885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The experience of “coming out” (CO) to parents is often a crucial event in the lives of lesbian and bisexual (LB) women, associated with lower internalized sexual stigma (ISS) and higher positive LB identity. Few studies have compared the experiences of LB women in the CO process. Rather, most prior research has either: (1) not addressed bisexuality or eliminated bisexual individuals from the analysis; (2) combined bisexual women and bisexual men in the same sexual orientation group; or (3) examined bisexual participants alongside lesbian women and gay men, using a single monolithic measure. Thus, the present research aimed at investigating the role of ISS and positive LB identity in inhibiting or encouraging CO to parents in a sample of 241 lesbian women (Mage = 27.61, SD = 7.19) and 186 bisexual women (Mage = 25.23, SD = 5.81), aged 18–40 years. Most participants reported that they had already revealed their sexual orientation to their mother (69%) and their father (52%). More lesbian women had CO to both their mother and their father than had bisexual women. These lesbian women reported lower levels of ISS and higher levels of LB positive identity relative to bisexual women. On average, CO to mothers occurred at age 20 (SD = 5.54), while CO to fathers occurred at age 22 (SD = 5.63). LB women did not differ in the average age of CO to mothers or fathers, or in parental reactions to CO. Finally, ISS was found to affect the process of CO to both parents via positive identity (bootstrapping estimate = −0.26, SE = 0.08, 95% CI = −0.43, 0.11), whereas sexual orientation was not found to moderate the path from ISS to CO to both parents. The present study contributes to our understanding of the differences between LB women when developing their sexual orientation, highlighting the relevance of a positive LB identity for CO to parents. Research and clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Baiocco
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jessica Pistella
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Morelli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Cusack CE, Morris ER, Galupo MP. ‘A Blank slate body:’ Cis individuals’ descriptions of their androgynous body ideals. PSYCHOLOGY & SEXUALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2020.1837920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ezra R. Morris
- Department of Psychology, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
| | - M. Paz Galupo
- Department of Psychology, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
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10
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Abstract
This essay imagines mad femme politics as an intervention and as a strategy that moves disabled, chronically ill, and mad educators and learners toward collective access and liberation. Using personal narrative, femme theory, and mad studies as reference points, the essay explores how a queering of tenderness and vulnerability can empower and embolden the process of disclosure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayda Kafai
- Ethnic and Women's Studies Department, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, USA
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11
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Everett BG, Steele SM, Matthews AK, Hughes TL. Gender, Race, and Minority Stress Among Sexual Minority Women: An Intersectional Approach. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2019; 48:1505-1517. [PMID: 31144216 PMCID: PMC7212784 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-019-1421-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Previous research examining the relationship between gender-role presentation and minority stress has largely focused on the negative effects of gender nonconformity. Some research suggests, however, that gender-role nonconformity may be protective against minority stress via participation in sexual minority in-group norms, which may include rejecting traditional gender-role norms and gender presentation. Historically, the meaning and value of masculinity and femininity within sexual minority communities has varied by race/ethnicity. As such, race/ethnicity may moderate the links between gender and minority stressors. This study used a diverse sample of sexual minority women (SMW) (N = 612) and separate indicators of masculinity and femininity to examine the effects of gender role on distal (victimization and discrimination) and proximal (internalized homophobia and stigma consciousness) measures of minority stress. We used multivariate generalized linear models to determine whether the effects of masculinity and femininity on the minority stress outcomes were moderated by race/ethnicity. We found that in many cases the relationships between masculinity and femininity and minority stress varied across racial/ethnic groups, and in fact, worked in opposite directions for White SMW compared to Black and Latina SMW. For example, our results showed that masculinity was associated with lower levels of victimization, discrimination, and stigma consciousness among Black and Latina SMW, but higher levels among White SMW. Results from this study suggest that these differences have important implications for exposure to minority stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany G Everett
- Department of Sociology, University of Utah, 380 S 1530 E, Rm 301, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Sarah M Steele
- Department of Sociology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alicia K Matthews
- Department of Health Systems Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tonda L Hughes
- School of Nursing and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
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12
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Abstract
Sociological research has illuminated the importance of mentoring relationships, especially in regard to education. The literature has also shown that mentoring can help disadvantaged students access social and cultural capital that aids their academic achievement. Furthermore, mentoring relationships are more successful between mentees and mentors of the same race, class, or gender. However, there is little research about queer students’ experiences with mentoring relationships in regard to education. In an effort to expand the literature on mentoring relationships and queer students I conducted ten in-depth interviews with queer identified undergraduate students at a large university in the Southeast United States. Using these interviews, I examined respondents’ perception of their social exclusion, coping through resiliency, and prosocial behavior through mentoring others. I found that being openly queer posed an identity-based risk for students’ ability to access mentoring relationships, in turn this risk increased their perception of resiliency and prosocial behavior.
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13
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Davila J, Jabbour J, Dyar C, Feinstein BA. Bi+ Visibility: Characteristics of Those Who Attempt to Make Their Bisexual+ Identity Visible and the Strategies They Use. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2019; 48:199-211. [PMID: 30413988 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-018-1284-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
There are numerous forms of stigma that contribute to the de-legitimization and erasure of bisexual and other non-monosexual identities (collectively referred to as bisexual+ or bi+ identities). To reduce such stigma, efforts are needed to increase bi+ visibility. Little is known, however, about whether bisexual+ individuals attempt to attain greater bi+ visibility (i.e., make their bisexual+ identity visible to others) and, if so, how they do this. Using data from a mixed-method (quantitative and qualitative) internet survey study of 397 individuals reporting attractions to more than one gender, we examined the proportion who attempted to attain greater bi+ visibility, the strategies they used to do so, and factors that distinguished those who made bi+ visibility attempts from those who did not. Results indicated that 58% made bi+ visibility attempts, with the most common being direct verbal communication (e.g., telling others) and visual displays (e.g., wearing bi/pride clothing, jewelry, tattoos). Less common attempts included indirect forms of communication, engagement in LGBT-related activities, and public behavioral displays. Those who made bi+ visibility attempts differed from those who did not on variables related to identity (e.g., centrality, self-affirmation, community connection) and internalized binegativity. Implications for understanding the reasons for and for not making bi+ visibility attempts, as well as the potential consequences of doing so, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Davila
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-2500, USA.
| | - Jeremy Jabbour
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-2500, USA
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, USA
| | - Christina Dyar
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Brian A Feinstein
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
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Hayfield N, Wood M. Looking heteronormatively good! Combining story completion with Bitstrips to explore understandings of sexuality and appearance. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14780887.2018.1536390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Wood
- University of West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
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15
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Schimanski ID, Treharne GJ. “Extra marginalisation within the community”: queer individuals’ perspectives on suicidality, discrimination and gay pride events. PSYCHOLOGY & SEXUALITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2018.1524394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Speciale M, Gess J, Speedlin S. You Don't Look Like a Lesbian: A Coautoethnography of Intersectional Identities in Counselor Education. JOURNAL OF LGBT ISSUES IN COUNSELING 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15538605.2015.1103678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Hayfield N, Huxley C. Insider and Outsider Perspectives: Reflections on Researcher Identities in Research with Lesbian and Bisexual Women. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/14780887.2014.918224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Eliason MJ, Fogel SC. An ecological framework for sexual minority women's health: factors associated with greater body mass. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2015; 62:845-882. [PMID: 25569747 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2014.1003007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, many studies have focused on the body of sexual minority women, particularly emphasizing their larger size. These studies rarely offer theoretically based explanations for the increased weight, nor study the potential consequences (or lack thereof) of being heavier. This article provides a brief overview of the multitude of factors that might cause or contribute to larger size of sexual minority women, using an ecological framework that elucidates upstream social determinants of health as well as individual risk factors. This model is infused with a minority stress model, which hypothesizes excess strain resulting from the stigma associated with oppressed minority identities such as woman, lesbian, bisexual, woman of color, and others. We argue that lack of attention to the upstream social determinants of health may result in individual-level victim blaming and interventions that do not address the root causes of minority stress or increased weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele J Eliason
- a Department of Health Education , San Francisco State University , San Francisco , California , USA
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Hayfield N, Clarke V, Halliwell E. Bisexual women’s understandings of social marginalisation: ‘The heterosexuals don’t understand us but nor do the lesbians’. FEMINISM & PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0959353514539651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Drawing on interviews with 20 self-identified bisexual women, this paper contributes to the limited psychological literature on bisexual women by exploring their experiences of social marginalisation. These (mainly white and middle class) British bisexual women reported that they did not feel at home in either lesbian or lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender communities, nor in the wider (heteronormative) society. They identified a number of understandings – bisexuality as a temporary phase on the path to a fully realised lesbian or heterosexual identity and bisexuals as immature, confused, greedy, untrustworthy, highly sexual and incapable of monogamy – which they reported as arising from lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender communities and the wider society. The women refuted these accounts which they stated did not reflect their experiences of bisexual identity and which positioned bisexuality as invisible and invalid.
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Blair KL, Hoskin RA. Experiences of femme identity: coming out, invisibility and femmephobia. PSYCHOLOGY & SEXUALITY 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2014.921860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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