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Holzem M, Boutros M, Holstein TW. The origin and evolution of Wnt signalling. Nat Rev Genet 2024; 25:500-512. [PMID: 38374446 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-024-00699-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The Wnt signal transduction pathway has essential roles in the formation of the primary body axis during development, cellular differentiation and tissue homeostasis. This animal-specific pathway has been studied extensively in contexts ranging from developmental biology to medicine for more than 40 years. Despite its physiological importance, an understanding of the evolutionary origin and primary function of Wnt signalling has begun to emerge only recently. Recent studies on very basal metazoan species have shown high levels of conservation of components of both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signalling pathways. Furthermore, some pathway proteins have been described also in non-animal species, suggesting that recruitment and functional adaptation of these factors has occurred in metazoans. In this Review, we summarize the current state of research regarding the evolutionary origin of Wnt signalling, its ancestral function and the characteristics of the primal Wnt ligand, with emphasis on the importance of genomic studies in various pre-metazoan and basal metazoan species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Holzem
- Division of Signalling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Institute for Human Genetics, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Michael Boutros
- Division of Signalling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Human Genetics, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas W Holstein
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Tophkhane SS, Fu K, Verheyen EM, Richman JM. Craniofacial studies in chicken embryos confirm the pathogenicity of human FZD2 variants associated with Robinow syndrome. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050584. [PMID: 38967226 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Robinow syndrome is a rare disease caused by variants of seven WNT pathway genes. Craniofacial features include widening of the nasal bridge and jaw hypoplasia. We used the chicken embryo to test whether two missense human FZD2 variants (1301G>T, p.Gly434Val; 425C>T, p.Pro142Lys) were sufficient to change frontonasal mass development. In vivo, the overexpression of retroviruses with wild-type or variant human FZD2 inhibited upper beak ossification. In primary cultures, wild-type and variant human FZD2 significantly inhibited chondrogenesis, with the 425C>T variant significantly decreasing activity of a SOX9 luciferase reporter compared to that for the wild type or 1301G>T. Both variants also increased nuclear shuttling of β-catenin (CTNNB1) and increased the expression of TWIST1, which are inhibitory to chondrogenesis. In canonical WNT luciferase assays using frontonasal mass cells, the variants had dominant-negative effects on wild-type FZD2. In non-canonical assays, the 425C>T variant failed to activate the reporter above control levels and was unresponsive to exogenous WNT5A. This is the first single amino acid change to selectively alter ligand binding in a FZD receptor. Therefore, FZD2 missense variants are pathogenic and could lead to the altered craniofacial morphogenesis seen in Robinow syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti S Tophkhane
- Life Sciences Institute and Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Katherine Fu
- Life Sciences Institute and Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Esther M Verheyen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Joy M Richman
- Life Sciences Institute and Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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3
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Dardas Z, Fatih JM, Jolly A, Dawood M, Du H, Grochowski CM, Jones EG, Jhangiani SN, Wehrens XHT, Liu P, Bi W, Boerwinkle E, Posey JE, Muzny DM, Gibbs RA, Lupski JR, Coban-Akdemir Z, Morris SA. NODAL variants are associated with a continuum of laterality defects from simple D-transposition of the great arteries to heterotaxy. Genome Med 2024; 16:53. [PMID: 38570875 PMCID: PMC10988827 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01312-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NODAL signaling plays a critical role in embryonic patterning and heart development in vertebrates. Genetic variants resulting in perturbations of the TGF-β/NODAL signaling pathway have reproducibly been shown to cause laterality defects in humans. To further explore this association and improve genetic diagnosis, the study aims to identify and characterize a broader range of NODAL variants in a large number of individuals with laterality defects. METHODS We re-analyzed a cohort of 321 proband-only exomes of individuals with clinically diagnosed laterality congenital heart disease (CHD) using family-based, rare variant genomic analyses. To this cohort we added 12 affected subjects with known NODAL variants and CHD from institutional research and clinical cohorts to investigate an allelic series. For those with candidate contributory variants, variant allele confirmation and segregation analysis were studied by Sanger sequencing in available family members. Array comparative genomic hybridization and droplet digital PCR were utilized for copy number variants (CNV) validation and characterization. We performed Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO)-based quantitative phenotypic analyses to dissect allele-specific phenotypic differences. RESULTS Missense, nonsense, splice site, indels, and/or structural variants of NODAL were identified as potential causes of heterotaxy and other laterality defects in 33 CHD cases. We describe a recurrent complex indel variant for which the nucleic acid secondary structure predictions implicate secondary structure mutagenesis as a possible mechanism for formation. We identified two CNV deletion alleles spanning NODAL in two unrelated CHD cases. Furthermore, 17 CHD individuals were found (16/17 with known Hispanic ancestry) to have the c.778G > A:p.G260R NODAL missense variant which we propose reclassification from variant of uncertain significance (VUS) to likely pathogenic. Quantitative HPO-based analyses of the observed clinical phenotype for all cases with p.G260R variation, including heterozygous, homozygous, and compound heterozygous cases, reveal clustering of individuals with biallelic variation. This finding provides evidence for a genotypic-phenotypic correlation and an allele-specific gene dosage model. CONCLUSION Our data further support a role for rare deleterious variants in NODAL as a cause for sporadic human laterality defects, expand the repertoire of observed anatomical complexity of potential cardiovascular anomalies, and implicate an allele specific gene dosage model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Dardas
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jawid M Fatih
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Angad Jolly
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Moez Dawood
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Haowei Du
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Edward G Jones
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shalini N Jhangiani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX, 77021, USA
| | - Weimin Bi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX, 77021, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Donna M Muzny
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zeynep Coban-Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Shaine A Morris
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Yao Y, Wang X, Lin L, Zhang X, Wang Y. ROR2-Related Skeletal Dysplasia Reveals Disrupted Chondrocyte Polarity through Modulation of BMP/TGF-β Signaling. Aging Dis 2024; 15:282-294. [PMID: 37307827 PMCID: PMC10796094 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies have shown that Robinow syndrome (RS), a rare skeletal dysplasia, is caused by ROR2 mutation. However, the cell origin and molecular mechanisms underlying this disease remain elusive. We established a conditional knockout system by crossing Prx1cre and Osxcre with Ror2 flox/flox mice. and conducted histological and immunofluorescence analyses to investigate the phenotypes during skeletal development. In the Prx1cre line, we observed RS-like skeletal abnormities, including short stature and an arched skull. Additionally, we found inhibition of chondrocyte differentiation and proliferation. In the Osxcre line, loss of ROR2 in osteoblast lineage cells led to reduced osteoblast differentiation during both embryonic and postnatal stages. Furthermore, ROR2 mutant mice exhibited increased adipogenesis in the bone marrow compared to their littermate controls. To further explore the underlying mechanisms, bulk RNA-seq analysis of Prx1cre; Ror2 flox/flox embryos was performed, results revealed decreased BMP/TGF-β signaling. Immunofluorescence analysis further confirmed the decreased expression of p-smad1/5/8, accompanied by disrupted cell polarity in the developing growth plate. Pharmacological treatment using FK506 partially rescued the skeletal dysplasia and resulted in increased mineralization and osteoblast differentiation. By modeling the phenotype of RS in mice, our findings provide evidence for the involvement of mesenchymal progenitors as the cell origin and highlight the molecular mechanism of BMP/TGF-β signaling in skeletal dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Yao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Lichieh Lin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shen Zhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.
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Jolly A, Du H, Borel C, Chen N, Zhao S, Grochowski CM, Duan R, Fatih JM, Dawood M, Salvi S, Jhangiani SN, Muzny DM, Koch A, Rouskas K, Glentis S, Deligeoroglou E, Bacopoulou F, Wise CA, Dietrich JE, Van den Veyver IB, Dimas AS, Brucker S, Sutton VR, Gibbs RA, Antonarakis SE, Wu N, Coban-Akdemir ZH, Zhu L, Posey JE, Lupski JR. Rare variant enrichment analysis supports GREB1L as a contributory driver gene in the etiology of Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome. HGG ADVANCES 2023; 4:100188. [PMID: 37124138 PMCID: PMC10130500 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is characterized by aplasia of the female reproductive tract; the syndrome can include renal anomalies, absence or dysgenesis, and skeletal anomalies. While functional models have elucidated several candidate genes, only WNT4 (MIM: 603490) variants have been definitively associated with a subtype of MRKH with hyperandrogenism (MIM: 158330). DNA from 148 clinically diagnosed MRKH probands across 144 unrelated families and available family members from North America, Europe, and South America were exome sequenced (ES) and by family-based genomics analyzed for rare likely deleterious variants. A replication cohort consisting of 442 Han Chinese individuals with MRKH was used to further reproduce GREB1L findings in diverse genetic backgrounds. Proband and OMIM phenotypes annotated using the Human Phenotype Ontology were analyzed to quantitatively delineate the phenotypic spectrum associated with GREB1L variant alleles found in our MRKH cohort and those previously published. This study reports 18 novel GREB1L variant alleles, 16 within a multiethnic MRKH cohort and two within a congenital scoliosis cohort. Cohort-wide analyses for a burden of rare variants within a single gene identified likely damaging variants in GREB1L (MIM: 617782), a known disease gene for renal hypoplasia and uterine abnormalities (MIM: 617805), in 16 of 590 MRKH probands. GREB1L variant alleles, including a CNV null allele, were found in 8 MRKH type 1 probands and 8 MRKH type II probands. This study used quantitative phenotypic analyses in a worldwide multiethnic cohort to identify and strengthen the association of GREB1L to isolated uterine agenesis (MRKH type I) and syndromic MRKH type II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angad Jolly
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Haowei Du
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Na Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Sen Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases and Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | | | - Ruizhi Duan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jawid M. Fatih
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Moez Dawood
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sejal Salvi
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shalini N. Jhangiani
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Donna M. Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
| | - André Koch
- University of Tübingen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Rouskas
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Al. Fleming, Vari, Athens 16672, Greece
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stavros Glentis
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Al. Fleming, Vari, Athens 16672, Greece
| | - Efthymios Deligeoroglou
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Carol A. Wise
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Dietrich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, BCM, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ignatia B. Van den Veyver
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antigone S. Dimas
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Al. Fleming, Vari, Athens 16672, Greece
| | - Sara Brucker
- University of Tübingen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - V. Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stylianos E. Antonarakis
- University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Medigenome, the Swiss Institute of Genomic Medicine, 1207 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases and Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zeynep H. Coban-Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jennifer E. Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
| | - James R. Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, BCM, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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Zhu X, Xu M, Leu NA, Morrisey EE, Millar SE. FZD2 regulates limb development by mediating β-catenin-dependent and -independent Wnt signaling pathways. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049876. [PMID: 36867021 PMCID: PMC10073008 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Robinow syndrome (RS) and dominant omodysplasia type 2 (OMOD2), characterized by skeletal limb and craniofacial defects, are associated with heterozygous mutations in the Wnt receptor FZD2. However, as FZD2 can activate both canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways, its precise functions and mechanisms of action in limb development are unclear. To address these questions, we generated mice harboring a single-nucleotide insertion in Fzd2 (Fzd2em1Smill), causing a frameshift mutation in the final Dishevelled-interacting domain. Fzd2em1Smill mutant mice had shortened limbs, resembling those of RS and OMOD2 patients, indicating that FZD2 mutations are causative. Fzd2em1Smill mutant embryos displayed decreased canonical Wnt signaling in developing limb mesenchyme and disruption of digit chondrocyte elongation and orientation, which is controlled by the β-catenin-independent WNT5A/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway. In line with these observations, we found that disruption of FZD function in limb mesenchyme caused formation of shortened bone elements and defects in Wnt/β-catenin and WNT5A/PCP signaling. These findings indicate that FZD2 controls limb development by mediating both canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways and reveal causality of pathogenic FZD2 mutations in RS and OMOD2 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuming Zhu
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mingang Xu
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - N. Adrian Leu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward E. Morrisey
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sarah E. Millar
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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7
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Liegel RP, Michalski MN, Vaidya S, Bittermann E, Finnerty E, Menke CA, Diegel CR, Zhong ZA, Williams BO, Stottmann RW. Successful therapeutic intervention in new mouse models of frizzled 2-associated congenital malformations. Development 2023; 150:dev201038. [PMID: 36789910 PMCID: PMC10112907 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Frizzled 2 (FZD2) is a transmembrane Wnt receptor. We previously identified a pathogenic human FZD2 variant in individuals with FZD2-associated autosomal dominant Robinow syndrome. The variant encoded a protein with a premature stop and loss of 17 amino acids, including a region of the consensus dishevelled-binding sequence. To model this variant, we used zygote microinjection and i-GONAD-based CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing to generate a mouse allelic series. Embryos mosaic for humanized Fzd2W553* knock-in exhibited cleft palate and shortened limbs, consistent with patient phenotypes. We also generated two germline mouse alleles with small deletions: Fzd2D3 and Fzd2D4. Homozygotes for each allele exhibit a highly penetrant cleft palate phenotype, shortened limbs compared with wild type and perinatal lethality. Fzd2D4 craniofacial tissues indicated decreased canonical Wnt signaling. In utero treatment with IIIC3a (a DKK inhibitor) normalized the limb lengths in Fzd2D4 homozygotes. The in vivo replication represents an approach for further investigating the mechanism of FZD2 phenotypes and demonstrates the utility of CRISPR knock-in mice as a tool for investigating the pathogenicity of human genetic variants. We also present evidence for a potential therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. Liegel
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45215, USA
| | - Megan N. Michalski
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Sanika Vaidya
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45215, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bittermann
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45215, USA
| | - Erin Finnerty
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45215, USA
| | - Chelsea A. Menke
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45215, USA
| | - Cassandra R. Diegel
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Zhendong A. Zhong
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Bart O. Williams
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Rolf W. Stottmann
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45215, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45215, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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8
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Du H, Jolly A, Grochowski CM, Yuan B, Dawood M, Jhangiani SN, Li H, Muzny D, Fatih JM, Coban-Akdemir Z, Carlin ME, Scheuerle AE, Witzl K, Posey JE, Pendleton M, Harrington E, Juul S, Hastings PJ, Bi W, Gibbs RA, Sedlazeck FJ, Lupski JR, Carvalho CMB, Liu P. The multiple de novo copy number variant (MdnCNV) phenomenon presents with peri-zygotic DNA mutational signatures and multilocus pathogenic variation. Genome Med 2022; 14:122. [PMID: 36303224 PMCID: PMC9609164 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01123-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The multiple de novo copy number variant (MdnCNV) phenotype is described by having four or more constitutional de novo CNVs (dnCNVs) arising independently throughout the human genome within one generation. It is a rare peri-zygotic mutational event, previously reported to be seen once in every 12,000 individuals referred for genome-wide chromosomal microarray analysis due to congenital abnormalities. These rare families provide a unique opportunity to understand the genetic factors of peri-zygotic genome instability and the impact of dnCNV on human diseases. METHODS Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), array-based comparative genomic hybridization, short- and long-read genome sequencing (GS) were performed on the newly identified MdnCNV family to identify de novo mutations including dnCNVs, de novo single-nucleotide variants (dnSNVs), and indels. Short-read GS was performed on four previously published MdnCNV families for dnSNV analysis. Trio-based rare variant analysis was performed on the newly identified individual and four previously published MdnCNV families to identify potential genetic etiologies contributing to the peri-zygotic genomic instability. Lin semantic similarity scores informed quantitative human phenotype ontology analysis on three MdnCNV families to identify gene(s) driving or contributing to the clinical phenotype. RESULTS In the newly identified MdnCNV case, we revealed eight de novo tandem duplications, each ~ 1 Mb, with microhomology at 6/8 breakpoint junctions. Enrichment of de novo single-nucleotide variants (SNV; 6/79) and de novo indels (1/12) was found within 4 Mb of the dnCNV genomic regions. An elevated post-zygotic SNV mutation rate was observed in MdnCNV families. Maternal rare variant analyses identified three genes in distinct families that may contribute to the MdnCNV phenomenon. Phenotype analysis suggests that gene(s) within dnCNV regions contribute to the observed proband phenotype in 3/3 cases. CNVs in two cases, a contiguous gene duplication encompassing PMP22 and RAI1 and another duplication affecting NSD1 and SMARCC2, contribute to the clinically observed phenotypic manifestations. CONCLUSIONS Characteristic features of dnCNVs reported here are consistent with a microhomology-mediated break-induced replication (MMBIR)-driven mechanism during the peri-zygotic period. Maternal genetic variants in DNA repair genes potentially contribute to peri-zygotic genomic instability. Variable phenotypic features were observed across a cohort of three MdnCNV probands, and computational quantitative phenotyping revealed that two out of three had evidence for the contribution of more than one genetic locus to the proband's phenotype supporting the hypothesis of de novo multilocus pathogenic variation (MPV) in those families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowei Du
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Angad Jolly
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Christopher M Grochowski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Baylor Genetics Laboratory, Houston, TX, 77021, USA
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Moez Dawood
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shalini N Jhangiani
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - He Li
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Donna Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jawid M Fatih
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zeynep Coban-Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mary Esther Carlin
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Angela E Scheuerle
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Division of Genetics Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Karin Witzl
- Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | | | - Sissel Juul
- Oxford Nanopore Technologies Inc, New York, NY, 10013, USA
| | - P J Hastings
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, BCM, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Weimin Bi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Baylor Genetics Laboratory, Houston, TX, 77021, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fritz J Sedlazeck
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Claudia M B Carvalho
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, 720 Broadway, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA.
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Baylor Genetics Laboratory, Houston, TX, 77021, USA.
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9
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Obstetrical Challenges in Robinow Syndrome. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol 2022; 2022:6481517. [PMID: 35909981 PMCID: PMC9337944 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6481517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Robinow syndrome is a genetically heterogenous syndrome that exhibits great pleiotropy, involving skeletal genital, cardiac, and craniofacial developmental anomalies. Fertility is not always compromised, and many individuals may be able to have a healthy pregnancy. Similar to other more common skeletal dysplasias and growth disorders such as achondroplasia, there are several challenges to be addressed in managing physiologic differences that occur in the context of pregnancy, and published literature centers on pregnant people with achondroplasia. We present a patient with Robinow syndrome (ROR2 variant), follow her clinical course through three of her pregnancies (one 20-week loss followed by two preterm cesarean deliveries at 36-week gestation), and highlight the major obstetrical considerations in her individualized care.
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10
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Lima AR, Ferreira BM, Zhang C, Jolly A, Du H, White JJ, Dawood M, Lins TC, Chiabai MA, van Beusekom E, Cordoba MS, Caldas Rosa ECC, Kayserili H, Kimonis V, Wu E, Mellado C, Aggarwal V, Richieri-Costa A, Brunoni D, Canó TM, Jorge AAL, Kim CA, Honjo R, Bertola DR, Dandalo-Girardi RM, Bayram Y, Gezdirici A, Yilmaz-Gulec E, Gumus E, Yilmaz GC, Okamoto N, Ohashi H, Coban-Akdemir Z, Mitani T, Jhangiani SN, Muzny DM, Regattieri NAP, Pogue R, Pereira RW, Otto PA, Gibbs RA, Ali BR, van Bokhoven H, Brunner HG, Reid Sutton V, Lupski JR, Vianna-Morgante AM, Carvalho CMB, Mazzeu JF. Phenotypic and mutational spectrum of ROR2-related Robinow syndrome. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:900-918. [PMID: 35344616 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Robinow syndrome is characterized by a triad of craniofacial dysmorphisms, disproportionate-limb short stature and genital hypoplasia. A significant degree of phenotypic variability seems to correlate with different genes/loci. Disturbances of the non-canonical WNT-pathway have been identified as the main cause of the syndrome. Biallelic variants in ROR2 cause an autosomal recessive form of the syndrome with distinctive skeletal findings. Twenty-two patients with a clinical diagnosis of autosomal recessive Robinow syndrome were screened for variants in ROR2 using multiple molecular approaches. We identified 25 putatively pathogenic ROR2 variants, 16 novel, including single nucleotide variants and exonic deletions. Detailed phenotypic analyses revealed that all subjects presented with a prominent forehead, hypertelorism, short nose, abnormality of the nasal tip, brachydactyly, mesomelic limb shortening, short stature and genital hypoplasia in male patients. A total of 19 clinical features were present in more than 75% of the subjects, thus pointing to an overall uniformity of the phenotype. Disease-causing variants in ROR2, contribute to a clinically recognizable AR trait phenotype with multiple skeletal defects. A comprehensive quantitative clinical evaluation this cohort delineated the phenotypic spectrum of ROR2-related Robinow syndrome. The identification of exonic deletion variant alleles further supports the contention of a loss-of-function mechanism in the etiology of the syndrome. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadne R Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Barbara M Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Chaofan Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Angad Jolly
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Haowei Du
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Janson J White
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Moez Dawood
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tulio C Lins
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Marcela A Chiabai
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | | | - Mara S Cordoba
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil.,Hospital Universitário de Brasília, Brasília, Brasil
| | - Erica C C Caldas Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Hulya Kayserili
- Koç University, School of Medicine (KUSoM), Medical Genetics Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Virginia Kimonis
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Dept. of Pediatrics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Erica Wu
- Stanford University, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cecilia Mellado
- Unidad de Genética, División de Pediatría, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vineet Aggarwal
- Department of Orthopedics, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Snowdon, Shimla-1, India
| | | | - Décio Brunoni
- Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie - UPM, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Talyta M Canó
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil.,Núcleo de Genética - SESDF, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Alexander A L Jorge
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Chong A Kim
- Unidade de Genética, Instituto da Criança - Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Rachel Honjo
- Unidade de Genética, Instituto da Criança - Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Débora R Bertola
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Raissa M Dandalo-Girardi
- Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Aconselhamento Genético e Genômica Humana, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Yavuz Bayram
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alper Gezdirici
- Department of Medical Genetics, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Evren Gumus
- Medical Genetics Department, Medicine Faculty, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Gülay C Yilmaz
- Medical Genetics Department, Medicine Faculty, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Ohashi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, 330-8777, Japan
| | - Zeynep Coban-Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, UT Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tadahiro Mitani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shalini N Jhangiani
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Donna M Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Robert Pogue
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rinaldo W Pereira
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paulo A Otto
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bassam R Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hans van Bokhoven
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Han G Brunner
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - V Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Angela M Vianna-Morgante
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Claudia M B Carvalho
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Juliana F Mazzeu
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil.,Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Robinow Syndrome Foundation, Anoka, MN, USA
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11
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Lupski JR. Clan genomics: From OMIM phenotypic traits to genes and biology. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:3294-3313. [PMID: 34405553 PMCID: PMC8530976 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Clinical characterization of a patient phenotype has been the quintessential approach for elucidating a differential diagnosis and a hypothesis to explore a potential clinical diagnosis. This has resulted in a language of medicine and a semantic ontology, with both specialty- and subspecialty-specific lexicons, that can be challenging to translate and interpret. There is no 'Rosetta Stone' of clinical medicine such as the genetic code that can assist translation and interpretation of the language of genetics. Nevertheless, the information content embodied within a clinical diagnosis can guide management, therapeutic intervention, and potentially prognostic outlook of disease enabling anticipatory guidance for patients and families. Clinical genomics is now established firmly in medical practice. The granularity and informative content of a personal genome is immense. Yet, we are limited in our utility of much of that personal genome information by the lack of functional characterization of the overwhelming majority of computationally annotated genes in the haploid human reference genome sequence. Whereas DNA and the genetic code have provided a 'Rosetta Stone' to translate genetic variant information, clinical medicine, and clinical genomics provide the context to understand human biology and disease. A path forward will integrate deep phenotyping, such as available in a clinical synopsis in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) entries, with personal genome analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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