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Mutukuri TT, Ling J, Du Y, Su Y, Zhou QT. Effect of Buffer Salts on Physical Stability of Lyophilized and Spray-Dried Protein Formulations Containing Bovine Serum Albumin and Trehalose. Pharm Res 2023; 40:1355-1371. [PMID: 35764755 PMCID: PMC9794634 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of buffer salts on the physical stability of spray-dried and lyophilized formulations of a model protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA). BSA formulations with various buffers were dried by either lyophilization or spray drying. The protein powders were then characterized using solid-state Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ssFTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), solid-state hydrogen/deuterium exchange with mass spectrometry (ssHDX-MS), and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (ssNMR). Particle characterizations such as Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, particle size distribution, and particle morphology were also performed. Results from conventional techniques such as ssFTIR did not exhibit correlations with the physical stability of studied formulations. Deconvoluted peak areas of deuterated samples from the ssHDX-MS study showed a satisfactory correlation with the loss of the monomeric peak area measured by SEC (R2 of 0.8722 for spray-dried formulations and 0.8428 for lyophilized formulations) in the 90-day accelerated stability study conducted at 40°C. mDSC and PXRD was unable to measure phase separation in the samples right after drying. In contrast, ssNMR successfully detected the occurrence of phase separation between the succinic buffer component and protein in the lyophilized formulation, which results in a distribution of microenvironmental acidity and the subsequent loss of long-term stability. Moreover, our results suggested that buffer salts have less impact on physical stability for the spray-dried formulations than the lyophilized solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Tejasvi Mutukuri
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Jing Ling
- Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Yong Du
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, 07065, USA
| | - Yongchao Su
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, 07065, USA.
| | - Qi Tony Zhou
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA.
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2
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Sharma A, Khamar D, Cullen S, Hayden A, Hughes H. Innovative Drying Technologies for Biopharmaceuticals. Int J Pharm 2021; 609:121115. [PMID: 34547393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades, biopharmaceuticals have been a breakthrough in improving the quality of lives of patients with various cancers, autoimmune, genetic disorders etc. With the growing demand of biopharmaceuticals, the need for reducing manufacturing costs is essential without compromising on the safety, quality, and efficacy of products. Batch Freeze-drying is the primary commercial means of manufacturing solid biopharmaceuticals. However, Freeze-drying is an economically unfriendly means of production with long production cycles, high energy consumption and heavy capital investment, resulting in high overall costs. This review compiles some potential, innovative drying technologies that have not gained popularity for manufacturing parenteral biopharmaceuticals. Some of these technologies such as Spin-freeze-drying, Spray-drying, Lynfinity® Technology etc. offer a paradigm shift towards continuous manufacturing, whereas PRINT® Technology and MicroglassificationTM allow controlled dry particle characteristics. Also, some of these drying technologies can be easily scaled-up with reduced requirement for different validation processes. The inclusion of Process Analytical Technology (PAT) and offline characterization techniques in tandem can provide additional information on the Critical Process Parameters (CPPs) and Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs) during biopharmaceutical processing. These processing technologies can be envisaged to increase the manufacturing capacity for biopharmaceutical products at reduced costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Sharma
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), Waterford Institute of Technology, Main Campus, Cork Road, Waterford X91K0EK, Ireland.
| | - Dikshitkumar Khamar
- Sanofi, Manufacturing Science, Analytics and Technology (MSAT), IDA Industrial Park, Waterford X91TP27, Ireland
| | - Sean Cullen
- Gilead Sciences, Commercial Manufacturing, IDA Business & Technology Park, Carrigtwohill, Co. Cork T45DP77, Ireland
| | - Ambrose Hayden
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), Waterford Institute of Technology, Main Campus, Cork Road, Waterford X91K0EK, Ireland
| | - Helen Hughes
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), Waterford Institute of Technology, Main Campus, Cork Road, Waterford X91K0EK, Ireland
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3
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Mutukuri TT, Maa YF, Gikanga B, Sakhnovsky R, Zhou QT. Electrostatic spray drying for monoclonal antibody formulation. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:120942. [PMID: 34324986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the feasibility of electrostatic spray drying for producing a monoclonal antibody (mAb) powder formulation at lower drying temperatures than conventional spray drying and its effect on protein stability. A mAb formulation was dried by either conventional spray drying or electrostatic spray drying with charge (ESD). The protein powders were then characterized using solid-state Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ssFTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and solid-state hydrogen/deuterium exchange with mass spectrometry (ssHDX-MS). Particle characterizations such as BET surface area, particle size distribution, and particle morphology were also performed. Conventional spray drying of the mAb formulation at the inlet temperature of 70 °C failed to generate dry powders due to poor drying efficiency; electrostatic spray drying at the same temperature and 5 kV charge enabled the formation of powder formulation with satisfactory moisture contents. Deconvoluted peak areas of deuterated samples from the ssHDX-MS study showed a good correlation with the loss of the monomeric peak area measured by size exclusion chromatography in the 90-day accelerated stability study conducted at 40 °C. Low-temperature (70 °C inlet temperature) drying with an electrostatic charge (5 kV) led to better protein physical stability as compared with the samples spray-dried at the high temperature (130 °C inlet temperature) without charge. This study shows that electrostatic spray drying can produce solid monoclonal antibody formulation at lower inlet temperature than traditional spray drying with better physical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Tejasvi Mutukuri
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yuh-Fun Maa
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Benson Gikanga
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Qi Tony Zhou
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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4
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Chen Y, Mutukuri TT, Wilson NE, Zhou QT. Pharmaceutical protein solids: Drying technology, solid-state characterization and stability. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 172:211-233. [PMID: 33705880 PMCID: PMC8107147 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite the boom in biologics over the past decade, the intrinsic instability of these large molecules poses significant challenges to formulation development. Almost half of all pharmaceutical protein products are formulated in the solid form to preserve protein native structure and extend product shelf-life. In this review, both traditional and emerging drying techniques for producing protein solids will be discussed. During the drying process, various stresses can impact the stability of protein solids. However, understanding the impact of stress on protein product quality can be challenging due to the lack of reliable characterization techniques for biological solids. Both conventional and advanced characterization techniques are discussed including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), solid-state Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (ssFTIR), solid-state fluorescence spectrometry, solid-state hydrogen deuterium exchange (ssHDX), solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) and solid-state photolytic labeling (ssPL). Advanced characterization tools may offer mechanistic investigations into local structural changes and interactions at higher resolutions. The continuous exploration of new drying techniques, as well as a better understanding of the effects caused by different drying techniques in solid state, would advance the formulation development of biological products with superior quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tarun Tejasvi Mutukuri
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Nathan E Wilson
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Qi Tony Zhou
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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5
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Cho E, Mayhugh BM, Srinivasan JM, Sacha GA, Nail SL, Topp EM. Stability of antibody drug conjugate formulations evaluated using solid-state hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:2379-2385. [PMID: 33711346 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) have been at the forefront in cancer therapy due to their target specificity. All the FDA approved ADCs are developed in lyophilized form to minimize instability associated with the linker that connects the cytotoxic drug and the antibody during shipping and storage. We present here solid-state hydrogen-deuterium exchange with mass spectrometric analysis (ssHDX-MS) as a tool to analyze protein structure and matrix interactions for formulations of an ADC with and without commonly used excipients. We compared results of the ssHDX-MS with accelerated stability results using size-exclusion chromatography and determined that the former technique was able to successfully identify the destabilizing effects of mannitol and polysorbate 80. In comparison, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy results were inconclusive. The agreement between ssHDX-MS and stressed stability studies supports the potential of ssHDX-MS as a method of predicting relative stability of different formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunbi Cho
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, Robert E. Heine Pharmacy Building, 575 W Stadium Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | | | | | - Gregory A Sacha
- Baxter BioPharma Solutions, Bloomington, IN 47403, United States
| | - Steven L Nail
- Baxter BioPharma Solutions, Bloomington, IN 47403, United States
| | - Elizabeth M Topp
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, Robert E. Heine Pharmacy Building, 575 W Stadium Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Dublin 6, Ireland.
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6
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Tukra R, Gardner S, Topp EM. Effects of temperature and relative humidity in D 2O on solid-state hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (ssHDX-MS). Int J Pharm 2021; 596:120263. [PMID: 33486024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Lyophilized powders containing myoglobin and various excipients were subjected to ssHDX-MS at different temperatures and D2O vapor activity (RH). Deuterium incorporation was fitted to a bi-exponential association model for each formulation and the dependence of regression parameters on temperature and RH was evaluated. Data fitted best to a simplified model in which the slow exponential term was considered invariant with temperature and RH while the fast exponential term retained its temperature and RH dependence. This suggests that rapid rate processes such as water vapor sorption and initial deuterium labeling may be more dependent on temperature and RH than slower processes such as sequential exchange and transport in the solid matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Tukra
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Sam Gardner
- Wildstat Consulting LLC, Lafayette, IN 47905, United States
| | - Elizabeth M Topp
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Belfield, Blackrock, Co., Dublin A94 X099, Ireland.
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7
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Mutukuri TT, Wilson NE, Taylor LS, Topp EM, Zhou QT. Effects of drying method and excipient on the structure and physical stability of protein solids: Freeze drying vs. spray freeze drying. Int J Pharm 2020; 594:120169. [PMID: 33333176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to determine the impacts of drying method and excipient on changes in protein structure and physical stability of model protein solids. Protein solids containing one of two model proteins (lysozyme or myoglobin) were produced with or without excipients (sucrose or mannitol) using freeze drying or spray freeze drying (SFD). The protein powders were then characterized using solid-state Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ssFTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), circular dichroism spectrometry (CD), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), BET surface area measurements and solid-state hydrogen deuterium exchange with mass spectrometry (ssHDX-MS). ssFTIR and CD could identify little to no difference in structure of the proteins in the formulation. ssHDX-MS was able to identify the population heterogeneity, which was undetectable by conventional characterization techniques of ssFTIR and CD. ssHDX-MS metrics such as Dmax and peak area showed a good correlation with the protein physical instability (loss of the monomeric peak area by size exclusion chromatography) in 90-day stability studies conducted at 40 °C for lysozyme. Higher specific surface area was associated with greater loss in monomer content for myoglobin-mannitol formulations as compared to myoglobin-only formulations. Spray freeze drying seems a viable manufacturing technique for protein solids with appropriate optimization of formulations. The differences observed within the formulations and between the processes using ssHDX-MS, BET surface area measurements and SEC in this study provide an insight into the influence of drying methods and excipients on protein physical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Tejasvi Mutukuri
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Nathan E Wilson
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Topp
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Belfield, Blackrock, Co. Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
| | - Qi Tony Zhou
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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8
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Digital Twin for Lyophilization by Process Modeling in Manufacturing of Biologics. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8101325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lyophilization stabilizes formulated biologics for storage, transport and application to patients. In process design and operation it is the link between downstream processing and with final formulation to fill and finish. Recent activities in Quality by Design (QbD) have resulted in approaches by regulatory authorities and the need to include Process Analytical Technology (PAT) tools. An approach is outlined to validate a predictive physical-chemical (rigorous) lyophilization process model to act quantitatively as a digital twin in order to allow accelerated process design by modeling and to further-on develop autonomous process optimization and control towards real time release testing. Antibody manufacturing is chosen as a typical example for actual biologics needs. Literature is reviewed and the presented procedure is exemplified to quantitatively and consistently validate the physical-chemical process model with aid of an experimental statistical DOE (design of experiments) in pilot scale.
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9
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Vetráková Ľ, Neděla V, Runštuk J, Tihlaříková E, Heger D, Shalaev E. Dynamical in-situ observation of the lyophilization and vacuum-drying processes of a model biopharmaceutical system by an environmental scanning electron microscope. Int J Pharm 2020; 585:119448. [PMID: 32461002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The paper discusses the real-time monitoring of the changing sample morphology during the entire lyophilization (freeze-drying) and vacuum-drying processes of model biopharmaceutical solutions by using an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM); the device's micromanipulators were used to study the interior of the samples in-situ without exposing the samples to atmospheric water vapor. The individual collapse temperatures (Tc) of the formulations, pure bovine serum albumin (BSA) and BSA/sucrose mixtures, ranged from -5 to -29 °C. We evaluated the impact of the freezing method (spontaneous freezing, controlled ice nucleation, and spray freezing) on the morphologies of the lyophiles at the constant drying temperature of -20 °C. The formulations with Tc above -20 °C resulted in the lyophiles' morphologies significantly dependent on the freezing method. We interpret the observations as an interplay of the freezing rates and directionalities, both of which markedly influence the morphologies of the frozen formulations, and, subsequently, the drying process and the mechanical stability of the freeze-dried cake. The formulation with Tc below -20 °C yielded a collapsed cake with features independent of the freezing method. The vacuum-drying produced a material with a smooth and pore-free surface, where deep cracks developed at the end of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ľubica Vetráková
- Environmental Electron Microscopy Group, Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Vilém Neděla
- Environmental Electron Microscopy Group, Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Runštuk
- Environmental Electron Microscopy Group, Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tihlaříková
- Environmental Electron Microscopy Group, Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dominik Heger
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Evgenyi Shalaev
- Pharmaceutical Development, Allergan plc, Irvine, CA, United States.
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10
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Kumar L, Chandrababu KB, Balakrishnan SM, Allmendinger A, Walters B, Zarraga IE, Chang DP, Nayak P, Topp EM. Optimizing the Formulation and Lyophilization Process for a Fragment Antigen Binding (Fab) Protein Using Solid-State Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry (ssHDX-MS). Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4485-4495. [PMID: 31568722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state hydrogen-deuterium exchange with mass spectrometry (ssHDX-MS) was evaluated as an analytical method to rapidly screen and select an optimal lyophilized fragment antigen binding protein (Fab) formulation and the optimal lyophilization cycle. ssHDX-MS in lyophilized Fab formulations, varying in stabilizer type and stabilizer/protein ratio, was conducted under controlled humidity and temperature. The extent of deuterium incorporation was measured using mass spectrometry and correlated with solid-state stress degradation at 50 °C as measured by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and ion-exchange chromatography (IEC). ssHDX-MS was also used to evaluate the impact of three different types of lyophilization processing on storage stability: controlled ice nucleation (CN), uncontrolled ice nucleation (UCN), and annealing (AN). The extent of deuterium incorporation for different Fab formulations agreed with the order of solid-state stress degradation, with formulations having lower deuterium incorporation showing lower stress-induced degradation (aggregation and charge modifications). For lyophilization processing, no significant effect of ice nucleation was observed in either solid-state stress degradation or in the extent of deuterium incorporation for high concentration Fab formulations (25 mg/mL). In contrast, for low concentration Fab formulations (2.5 mg/mL), solid-state stability from different lyophilization processes correlated with the extent of deuterium incorporation. The order of solid-state degradation (AN < CN < UCN) was the same as the extent of deuterium incorporation on ssHDX-MS (AN < CN < UCN). The extent of deuterium incorporation on ssHDX-MS correlated well with the solid-state stress degradation for different Fab formulations and lyophilization processing methods. Thus, ssHDX-MS can be used to rapidly screen and optimize the formulation and lyophilization process for a lyophilized Fab, reducing the need for time-consuming stress degradation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc. , San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | | | | | - Andrea Allmendinger
- Late Stage Pharmaceutical and Processing Development, Pharmaceutical Development and Supplies, Biologics, Europe, Hoffmann-La Roche , Basel 4070 , Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Walters
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc. , San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Isidro E Zarraga
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc. , San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Debby P Chang
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc. , San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Purnendu Nayak
- Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories Inc. , Lancaster , Pennsylvania 17605 , United States
| | - Elizabeth M Topp
- Late Stage Pharmaceutical and Processing Development, Pharmaceutical Development and Supplies, Biologics, Europe, Hoffmann-La Roche , Basel 4070 , Switzerland
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11
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Wilson NE, Topp EM, Zhou QT. Effects of drying method and excipient on structure and stability of protein solids using solid-state hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (ssHDX-MS). Int J Pharm 2019; 567:118470. [PMID: 31252148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Powders containing one of four model proteins (myoglobin, bovine serum albumin, lysozyme, β-lactoglobulin) were formulated with either sucrose, trehalose, or mannitol and dried using lyophilization or spray-drying. The powders were characterized using solid-state Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ssFTIR), solid-state fluorescence spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and solid-state hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (ssHDX-MS). ssFTIR and fluorescence spectroscopy identified minor structural differences among powders with different excipients and drying methods for some proteins. Using ssHDX-MS, differences in protein structure were observed among protein formulations containing sucrose or trehalose and mannitol, and/or with varying processing conditions, including proteins like β-lactoglobulin, for which standard characterization techniques showed no differences. Proteins processed by spray-drying typically showed greater heterogeneity by ssHDX-MS than those lyophilized; these differences were not detected by ssFTIR or solid-state fluorescence spectroscopy. The ssHDX-MS metrics were better correlated with protein physical instability measured by size-exclusion chromatography in 90-day stability studies (40 °C, 33% RH) than with the results of DSC, ssFTIR, or fluorescence spectroscopy. Thus, ssHDX-MS detected subtle changes in conformation and/or matrix interactions for these proteins that were correlated with storage stability, suggesting that the method can be used to design robust solid-state pharmaceutical protein products more rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan E Wilson
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Topp
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Qi Tony Zhou
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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12
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Kammari R, Topp EM. Solid-State Hydrogen–Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry (ssHDX-MS) of Lyophilized Poly-d,l-Alanine. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2935-2946. [PMID: 31244225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajashekar Kammari
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Topp
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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13
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A Novel Photoreactive Excipient to Probe Peptide-Matrix Interactions in Lyophilized Solids. J Pharm Sci 2019; 109:709-718. [PMID: 31034909 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Excipients used in lyophilized protein drug products are often selected by a trial-and-error method, in part, because the analytical methods used to detect protein-excipient interactions in lyophilized solids are limited. In this study, photolytic labeling was used to probe interactions between salmon calcitonin (sCT) and excipients in lyophilized solids. Two diazirine-derived photo-excipients, photo-leucine (pLeu) and photo-glucosamine (pGlcN), were incorporated into lyophilized solids containing sCT, together with an unlabeled excipient (sucrose or histidine) at prelyophilization pH values from 6 to 9.9. Commercially available pLeu was selected as an ionizable photo-excipient and amino acid analog, while pGlcN was synthesized as an analog of sugar-based excipients. Photolytic labeling was induced by exposing the solids to UV light (365 nm, 30-60 min), and the resulting products were identified and quantified with liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry. The distribution of photo-reaction products was affected by the photoreactive reagent used, the type of unlabeled excipient, and the solution pH before lyophilization. When other components of the solid were identical, the extent and sites of labeling on sCT were different for pGlcN and pLeu. The results suggest that ionizable and nonionizable excipients interact differently with sCT in lyophilized solids and that photo-excipients can be used to map these interactions.
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14
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Moussa EM, Wilson NE, Zhou QT, Singh SK, Nema S, Topp EM. Effects of Drying Process on an IgG1 Monoclonal Antibody Using Solid-State Hydrogen Deuterium Exchange with Mass Spectrometric Analysis (ssHDX-MS). Pharm Res 2018; 35:12. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Izutsu KI. Applications of Freezing and Freeze-Drying in Pharmaceutical Formulations. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1081:371-383. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1244-1_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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