1
|
Garcia-Villen F, Gallego I, Sainz-Ramos M, Ordoyo-Pascual J, Ruiz-Alonso S, Saenz-del-Burgo L, O’Mahony C, Pedraz JL. Stability of Monoclonal Antibodies as Solid Formulation for Auto-Injectors: A Pilot Study. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2049. [PMID: 37631263 PMCID: PMC10459033 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug adherence is a significant medical issue, often responsible for sub-optimal outcomes during the treatment of chronic diseases such as rheumatoid or psoriatic arthritis. Monoclonal antibodies (which are exclusively given parenterally) have been proven to be an effective treatment in these cases. The use of auto-injectors is an effective strategy to improve drug adherence in parenteral treatments since these pen-like devices offer less discomfort and increased user-friendliness over conventional syringe-based delivery. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of including a monoclonal antibody as a solid formulation inside an auto-injector pen. Specifically, the objective was to evaluate the drug stability after a concentration (to reduce the amount of solvent and space needed) and freeze-drying procedure. A preliminary screening of excipients to improve stability was also performed. The nano-DSC results showed that mannitol improved the stability of the concentrated, freeze-dried antibody in comparison to its counterpart without it. However, a small instability of the CH2 domain was still found for mannitol samples, which will warrant further investigation. The present results serve as a stepping stone towards advancing future drug delivery systems that will ultimately improve the patient experience and associated drug adherence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Garcia-Villen
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain (L.S.-d.-B.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Resarch Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Idoia Gallego
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain (L.S.-d.-B.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Resarch Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Myriam Sainz-Ramos
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain (L.S.-d.-B.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Resarch Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jorge Ordoyo-Pascual
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain (L.S.-d.-B.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Resarch Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Sandra Ruiz-Alonso
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain (L.S.-d.-B.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Resarch Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Laura Saenz-del-Burgo
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain (L.S.-d.-B.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Resarch Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Conor O’Mahony
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12 R5CP Cork, Ireland;
| | - Jose Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain (L.S.-d.-B.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Resarch Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mutukuri TT, Ling J, Du Y, Su Y, Zhou QT. Effect of Buffer Salts on Physical Stability of Lyophilized and Spray-Dried Protein Formulations Containing Bovine Serum Albumin and Trehalose. Pharm Res 2023; 40:1355-1371. [PMID: 35764755 PMCID: PMC9794634 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of buffer salts on the physical stability of spray-dried and lyophilized formulations of a model protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA). BSA formulations with various buffers were dried by either lyophilization or spray drying. The protein powders were then characterized using solid-state Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ssFTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), solid-state hydrogen/deuterium exchange with mass spectrometry (ssHDX-MS), and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (ssNMR). Particle characterizations such as Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, particle size distribution, and particle morphology were also performed. Results from conventional techniques such as ssFTIR did not exhibit correlations with the physical stability of studied formulations. Deconvoluted peak areas of deuterated samples from the ssHDX-MS study showed a satisfactory correlation with the loss of the monomeric peak area measured by SEC (R2 of 0.8722 for spray-dried formulations and 0.8428 for lyophilized formulations) in the 90-day accelerated stability study conducted at 40°C. mDSC and PXRD was unable to measure phase separation in the samples right after drying. In contrast, ssNMR successfully detected the occurrence of phase separation between the succinic buffer component and protein in the lyophilized formulation, which results in a distribution of microenvironmental acidity and the subsequent loss of long-term stability. Moreover, our results suggested that buffer salts have less impact on physical stability for the spray-dried formulations than the lyophilized solids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Tejasvi Mutukuri
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Jing Ling
- Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Yong Du
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, 07065, USA
| | - Yongchao Su
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, 07065, USA.
| | - Qi Tony Zhou
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Conte J, Parize AL, Caon T. Advanced Solid Formulations For Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. Pharm Res 2023; 40:593-610. [PMID: 36451068 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03441-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an opportunistic and endogenous infection caused by a fungus of the Candida genus, which can cause pruritus, dysuria, vulvar edema, fissures and maceration of the vulva. The treatment of vaginal candidiasis is carried out mainly by antifungal agents of azole and polyene classes; however, fungal resistance cases have been often observed. For this reason, new therapeutic agents such as essential oils, probiotics and antimicrobial peptides are being investigated, which can be combined with conventional drugs. Local administration of antimicrobials has also been considered to allow greater control of drug delivery and reduce or avoid undesirable systemic adverse effects. Conventional dosage forms such as creams and ointments result in reduced residence time in the mucosa and non-sustained and variable drug delivery. Therefore, advanced solid formulations such as intravaginal rings, vaginal films, sponges and nanofibers have been purposed. In these systems, polymers in different ratios are combined aiming to achieve a specific drug release profile and high mucoadhesion. Overall, a more porous matrix structure leads to a higher rate of drug release and mucoadhesion. The advantages, limitations and technological aspects of each dosage form are discussed in detail in this review.
Collapse
|
4
|
Kiyota T, Ando Y, Kambayashi A. Dynamic Changes in Gastrointestinal Fluid Characteristics after Food Ingestion Are Important for Quantitatively Predicting the In Vivo Performance of Oral Solid Dosage Forms in Humans in the Fed State. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:357-369. [PMID: 36373973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a simulation model to predict the in vivo performance of solid oral dosage forms in humans in the fed state. We focused on investigating the effect of dynamic changes in gastrointestinal (GI) fluid characteristics in the fed state on the in vivo performance of solid dosage forms. We used six solid dosage forms containing weak base drugs as model formulations, two with positive food effects in humans, two with negative food effects, and two which are not affected by food ingestion. These model drug formulations were used to perform biorelevant dissolution tests in the stomach and small intestine under both prandial states. The in vitro properties of the drug products obtained from these tests were then coupled with in silico models (fasted or fed) to predict food effects in humans. We successfully incorporated the dynamic changes in GI fluid characteristics and their effects on the in vivo dissolution of drugs into the prediction model for the fed state. This newly designed physiologically based biopharmaceutics modeling approach provided the precise and quantitative prediction of food effects (i.e., changes in Cmax and AUC after food ingestion) in humans while considering the dynamic changes in fluid characteristics in the fed state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Kiyota
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., 180 Ozumi, Yaizu, Shizuoka425-0072, Japan
| | - Yuki Ando
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., 180 Ozumi, Yaizu, Shizuoka425-0072, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kambayashi
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., 180 Ozumi, Yaizu, Shizuoka425-0072, Japan.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka422-8526, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Brun T, Rabuske JE, Luft L, Confortin TC, Todero I, Aita BC, Zabot GL, Mazutti MA. Powder containing biomolecules from Diaporthe schini for weed control. Environ Technol 2022; 43:2135-2144. [PMID: 33346723 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1867651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the use of spray drying technology to obtain a powder containing biomolecules with herbicidal activity produced by submerged fermentation using Diaporthe schini. The efficiency of the bioherbicide was tested for the post-emergence control of Bidens pilosa L., Amaranthus viridis L., Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., and Lolium multiflorum Lam. In the first step, different additives were used and lactose was the most suitable one because it resulted in high herbicidal activity and weed suppression. In the second step, process variables were investigated, including inlet air temperature, drying air flow rate, and feed flow rate. The highest herbicidal activity was obtained with an inlet air temperature of 100°C, and air and feed flow rates of 1.4 m3/min and 0.22 L/h, respectively. Maximum herbicidal activities were 38, 45, 21 and 18%, while weed heights reduction were 69.0, 74.3, 20.4 and 24.8% for B. pilosa, A. viridis, E. crusgalli and L. multiflorum, respectively. The bioherbicide was effective to suppress weed growth and spray drying is a promising technology for the production of solid formulations of bioherbicides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiarles Brun
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Jéssica E Rabuske
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Luciana Luft
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Tássia C Confortin
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Izelmar Todero
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Bruno C Aita
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Giovani L Zabot
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Cachoeira do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcio A Mazutti
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Terban MW, Russo L, Pham TN, Barich DH, Sun YT, Burke MD, Brum J, Billinge SJL. Local Structural Effects Due to Micronization and Amorphization on an HIV Treatment Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2370-2389. [PMID: 32293895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Processing procedures for inducing domain size reduction and/or amorphous phase generation can be crucial for enhancing the bioavailability of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). It is important to quantify these reduced coherence phases and to detect and characterize associated structural changes, to ensure that no deleterious effects on safety, function, or stability occur. Here, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), total scattering pair distribution function (TSPDF) analysis, and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (SSNMR) have been performed on samples of GSK2838232B, an investigational drug for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Preparations were obtained through different mechanical treatments resulting in varying extents of domain size reduction and amorphous phase generation. Completely amorphous formulations could be prepared by milling and microfluidic injection processes. Microfluidic injection was shown to result in a different local structure due to dispersion with dichloromethane (DCM). Implications of combined TSPDF and SSNMR studies to characterize molecular compounds are also discussed, in particular, the possibility to obtain a thorough structural understanding of disordered samples from different processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell W Terban
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Luca Russo
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Tran N Pham
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Dewey H Barich
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Yan T Sun
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Matthew D Burke
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Jeffrey Brum
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Simon J L Billinge
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States.,Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Carbó A, Torres R, Usall J, Marín A, Chiralt A, Teixidó N. Novel film-forming formulations of the biocontrol agent Candida sake CPA-1: biocontrol efficacy and performance at field conditions in organic wine grapes. Pest Manag Sci 2019; 75:959-968. [PMID: 30192050 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biocontrol agent (BCA) Candida sake CPA-1 has previously effectively reduced Botrytis bunch rot (BBR) and it was also suggested as a promising strategy to control sour rot in grapes under field conditions. However, biocontrol efficacy of solid formulations of CPA-1 has never been tested in field trials. The present study aims to confirm the efficacy against BBR and sour rot in grapes under field conditions of two novel formulations recently developed by the addition of biodegradable coatings using a fluidized-bed spray-drying system. RESULTS Novel film-forming formulations of the BCA C. sake CPA-1 controlled B. cinerea as well as liquid formulation. Sour rot control resulted better in the second season and severity reductions were more satisfactory than incidence control. Visual and cryoSEM observations revealed that film-forming treatments were uniformly distributed on plant surfaces. CPA-1 coating could be observed on grapes at harvest time. CONCLUSION The results of this work suggest that solid formulations would be a competitive alternative to conventional fungicides because they were easy to package and transport, and cell viability could be maintained for a long period of time. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carbó
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Rosario Torres
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Josep Usall
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Anna Marín
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Ingeniería de Alimentos para el Desarrollo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Chiralt
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Ingeniería de Alimentos para el Desarrollo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Neus Teixidó
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Higashi K, Ueda K, Moribe K. [Design Features in the Molecular-level Development of Solid Pharmaceutical Formulations Based on Supramolecular Structures]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2019; 139:157-164. [PMID: 30713224 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.18-00168-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We focused on the crystal structure of cyclodextrin (CD) to develop new solid CD complexes. There are two large spaces in the columnar structure of CD crystals: one inside a CD cavity and another between CD columns. New solid CD complexes can be designed by incorporating guest drugs between the CD columns. We succeeded in preparing a solid drug/[polyethylene glycol (PEG)/γ-CD-polypseudoraxane (PPRX)] complex by a sealed-heating method via the gas phase. A drug/(PEG/γ-CD-PPRX) complex has a structure in which PEGs are included in a γ-CD cavity, and guest drugs are incorporated between the γ-CD columns. Screening by a sealed-heating method determined that a variety of guest drugs with varying molecular size and log P could be incorporated into the spaces between γ-CD columns, following a stoichiometric rule. Another method, via solid phase using cogrinding and subsequent heating, was developed to prepare drug/(PEG/γ-CD-PPRX) complex. This method enabled us to prepare the complex with a thermally unstable drug, as well as a drug/(PEG/α-CD-PPRX) complex not formed using the sealed-heating method. Both the structure and molecular state of each drug in the complexes were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and solid-state NMR measurements. The dissolution character and thermal stability of the drug incorporated in the complex could be improved by the specific complex formation. The solid CD complexes thus developed have potential for drug-encapsulation and as drug-release carriers, owing to their unique structural and pharmaceutical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Keisuke Ueda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| | - Kunikazu Moribe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ezzat K, Zaghloul EM, El Andaloussi S, Lehto T, El-Sayed R, Magdy T, Smith CIE, Langel U. Solid formulation of cell-penetrating peptide nanocomplexes with siRNA and their stability in simulated gastric conditions. J Control Release 2012; 162:1-8. [PMID: 22698942 PMCID: PMC7126485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short cationic peptides that have been extensively studied as drug delivery vehicles for proteins, nucleic acids and nanoparticles. However, the formulation of CPP-based therapeutics into different pharmaceutical formulations and their stability in relevant biological environments have not been given the same attention. Here, we show that a newly developed CPP, PepFect 14 (PF14), forms non-covalent nanocomplexes with short interfering RNA (siRNA), which are able to elicit efficient RNA-interference (RNAi) response in different cell-lines. RNAi effect is obtained at low siRNA doses with a unique kinetic profile. Furthermore, the solid dispersion technique is utilized to formulate PF14/siRNA nanocomplexes into solid formulations that are as active as the freshly prepared nanocomplexes in solution. Importantly, the nanocomplexes are stable and active in mediating RNAi response after incubation with simulated gastric fluid (SGF) that is highly acidic. These results demonstrate the activity of PF14 in delivering and protecting siRNA in different pharmaceutical forms and biological environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kariem Ezzat
- Stockholm University, Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|