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D'Angelo D, Quarta E, Glieca S, Varacca G, Flammini L, Bertoni S, Brandolini M, Sambri V, Grumiro L, Gatti G, Dirani G, Taddei F, Bianchera A, Sonvico F, Bettini R, Buttini F. An Enhanced Dissolving Cyclosporin-A Inhalable Powder Efficiently Reduces SARS-CoV-2 Infection In Vitro. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15031023. [PMID: 36986883 PMCID: PMC10055879 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15031023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This work illustrates the development of a dry inhalation powder of cyclosporine-A for the prevention of rejection after lung transplantation and for the treatment of COVID-19. The influence of excipients on the spray-dried powder's critical quality attributes was explored. The best-performing powder in terms of dissolution time and respirability was obtained starting from a concentration of ethanol of 45% (v/v) in the feedstock solution and 20% (w/w) of mannitol. This powder showed a faster dissolution profile (Weibull dissolution time of 59.5 min) than the poorly soluble raw material (169.0 min). The powder exhibited a fine particle fraction of 66.5% and an MMAD of 2.97 µm. The inhalable powder, when tested on A549 and THP-1, did not show cytotoxic effects up to a concentration of 10 µg/mL. Furthermore, the CsA inhalation powder showed efficiency in reducing IL-6 when tested on A549/THP-1 co-culture. A reduction in the replication of SARS-CoV-2 on Vero E6 cells was observed when the CsA powder was tested adopting the post-infection or simultaneous treatment. This formulation could represent a therapeutic strategy for the prevention of lung rejection, but is also a viable approach for the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication and the COVID-19 pulmonary inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide D'Angelo
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Eride Quarta
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Stefania Glieca
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Giada Varacca
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Lisa Flammini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Simona Bertoni
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Martina Brandolini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Microbiology Unit, The Great Romagna Area Hub Laboratory, Piazza della Liberazione 60, Pievesestina, 47522 Cesena, Italy
| | - Vittorio Sambri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Microbiology Unit, The Great Romagna Area Hub Laboratory, Piazza della Liberazione 60, Pievesestina, 47522 Cesena, Italy
| | - Laura Grumiro
- Microbiology Unit, The Great Romagna Area Hub Laboratory, Piazza della Liberazione 60, Pievesestina, 47522 Cesena, Italy
| | - Giulia Gatti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Dirani
- Microbiology Unit, The Great Romagna Area Hub Laboratory, Piazza della Liberazione 60, Pievesestina, 47522 Cesena, Italy
| | - Francesca Taddei
- Microbiology Unit, The Great Romagna Area Hub Laboratory, Piazza della Liberazione 60, Pievesestina, 47522 Cesena, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bianchera
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Sonvico
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Buttini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27a, 43124 Parma, Italy
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Advances in culture methods for acute myeloid leukemia research. Oncoscience 2021; 8:82-90. [PMID: 34368398 PMCID: PMC8336936 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional suspension cultures have been used in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) research to study its biology as well as to screen any drug molecules, since its inception. Co-culture models of AML cells and other stromal cells as well as 3 dimensional (3D) culture models have gained much attention recently. These culture models try to recapitulate the tumour microenvironment and are found to be more suitable than suspension cultures. Though animal models are being used, they require more time, effort and facilities and hence, it is essential to develop cell culture models for high-throughput screening of drugs. Here, we discuss a new co-culture model developed by our research group involving acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and stimulated macrophages. Other studies on co-culture systems and relevance of 3D culture in leukemic research in understanding the pathology and treatment of leukemia are also reviewed.
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