1
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Fu L, Wu Q, Fu J. Exploring the biological roles of DHX36, a DNA/RNA G-quadruplex helicase, highlights functions in male infertility: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131811. [PMID: 38677694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
It is estimated that 15 % of couples at reproductive age worldwide suffer from infertility, approximately 50 % of cases are caused by male factors. Significant progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility through assisted reproductive technology and molecular genetics methods. However, there is still inadequate research on the underlying mechanisms of gene regulation in the process of spermatogenesis. Guanine-quadruplexes (G4s) are a class of non-canonical secondary structures of nucleic acid commonly found in genomes and RNAs that play important roles in various biological processes. Interestingly, the DEAH-box helicase 36 (DHX36) displays high specificity for the G4s which can unwind both DNA G4s and RNA G4s enzymatically and is highly expressed in testis, thereby regulating multiple cellular functions including transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, translation, telomere maintenance, genomic stability, and RNA metabolism in development and male infertility. This review provides an overview of the roles of G4s and DHX36 in reproduction and development. We mainly focus on the potential role of DHX36 in male infertility. We also discuss possible future research directions regarding the mechanism of spermatogenesis mediated by DHX36 through G4s in spermatogenesis-related genes and provide new targets for gene therapy of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Junjiang Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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2
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Chakraborty A, Roy S, Hande MP, Banerjee B. Telomere attrition and genomic instability in unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss in humans: A preliminary study. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 886:503580. [PMID: 36868694 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Genome instability is defined as an elevated rate of DNA damage and mutations as a result of exposure to potential direct and indirect mutagens. This current investigation was designed to elucidate the genomic instability among couples experiencing unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (uRPL). A cohort of 1272 individuals with history of unexplained RPL with normal karyotype was retrospectively screened for levels of intracellular ROS production, baseline genomic instability and telomere functionality. The experimental outcome was compared with 728 fertile control individuals. In this study, it was perceived that individuals with uRPL exhibited higher intracellular oxidative stress, along with higher basal levels of genomic instability as compared with the fertile controls. This observation elucidates the role of genomic instability as well as involvement of telomeres in cases of uRPL. It was also observed that higher oxidative stress might be associated with DNA damage and telomere dysfunction resulting in genomic instability among subjects with unexplained RPL. This study highlighted the assessment of genomic instability status in individuals experiencing uRPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhik Chakraborty
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India; inDNA Center for Research and Innovations in Molecular Diagnostics, inDNA Life Sciences Private Limited, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Souvick Roy
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India; inDNA Center for Research and Innovations in Molecular Diagnostics, inDNA Life Sciences Private Limited, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Manoor Prakash Hande
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; VIT University, Vellore 632014, India; Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalore, Karnataka 574199, India
| | - Birendranath Banerjee
- inDNA Center for Research and Innovations in Molecular Diagnostics, inDNA Life Sciences Private Limited, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India.
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3
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Turner KJ, Watson EM, Skinner BM, Griffin DK. Telomere Distribution in Human Sperm Heads and Its Relation to Sperm Nuclear Morphology: A New Marker for Male Factor Infertility? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147599. [PMID: 34299219 PMCID: PMC8306796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a problem affecting an increasing number of couples worldwide. Currently, marker tests for male factor infertility are complex, highly technical and relatively subjective. Up to 40% of cases of male factor infertility are currently diagnosed as idiopathic therefore, there is a clear need for further research into better ways of diagnosing it. Changes in sperm telomere length have been associated with infertility and closely linked to DNA damage and fragmentation, which are also known to be related to infertility. However, telomere distribution is a parameter thus far underexplored as an infertility marker. Here, we assessed morphological parameters of sperm nuclei in fertile control and male factor infertile cohorts. In addition, we used 2D and 3D fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to compare telomere distribution between these two groups. Our findings indicate that the infertile cohort sperm nuclei were, on average, 2.9% larger in area and showed subtle differences in sperm head height and width. Telomeres were mainly distributed towards the periphery of the nuclei in the control cohort, with diminishing telomere signals towards the center of the nuclei. Sperm nuclei of infertile males, however, had more telomere signals towards the center of the nuclei, a finding supported by 3D imaging. We conclude that, with further development, both morphology and telomere distribution may prove useful investigative tools in the fertility clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara J. Turner
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Giles Lane, Canterbury CT2 7NH, UK;
| | - Eleanor M. Watson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK; (E.M.W.); (B.M.S.)
| | - Benjamin M. Skinner
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK; (E.M.W.); (B.M.S.)
| | - Darren K. Griffin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Giles Lane, Canterbury CT2 7NH, UK;
- Correspondence:
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4
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Wang Y, Iwamori T, Kaneko T, Iida H, Iwamori N. Comparative distributions of RSBN1 and methylated histone H4 Lysine 20 in the mouse spermatogenesis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253897. [PMID: 34185806 PMCID: PMC8241091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During spermatogenesis, nuclear architecture of male germ cells is dynamically changed and epigenetic modifications, in particular methylation of histones, highly contribute to its regulation as well as differentiation of male germ cells. Although several methyltransferases and demethylases for histone H3 are involved in the regulation of spermatogenesis, roles of either histone H4 lysine 20 (H4K20) methyltransferases or H4K20 demethylases during spermatogenesis still remain to be elucidated. Recently, RSBN1 which is a testis-specific gene expressed in round spermatids was identified as a demethylase for dimethyl H4K20. In this study, therefore, we confirm the demethylase function of RSBN1 and compare distributions between RSBN1 and methylated H4K20 in the seminiferous tubules. Unlike previous report, expression analyses for RSBN1 reveal that RSBN1 is not a testis-specific gene and is expressed not only in round spermatids but also in elongated spermatids. In addition, RSBN1 can demethylate not only dimethyl H4K20 but also trimethyl H4K20 and could convert both dimethyl H4K20 and trimethyl H4K20 into monomethyl H4K20. When distribution pattern of RSBN1 in the seminiferous tubule is compared to that of methylated H4K20, both dimethyl H4K20 and trimethyl H4K20 but not monomethyl H4K20 are disappeared from RSBN1 positive germ cells, suggesting that testis-specific distribution patterns of methylated H4K20 might be constructed by RSBN1. Thus, novel expression and function of RSBN1 could be useful to comprehend epigenetic regulation during spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youtao Wang
- Laboratory of Zoology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tokuko Iwamori
- Laboratory of Zoology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takane Kaneko
- Laboratory of Zoology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, Japan
- Laboratory of Zoology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iida
- Laboratory of Zoology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, Japan
- Laboratory of Zoology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Iwamori
- Laboratory of Zoology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, Japan
- Laboratory of Zoology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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5
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Fitzpatrick LJ, Olsson M, Pauliny A, While GM, Wapstra E. Individual telomere dynamics and their links to life history in a viviparous lizard. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20210271. [PMID: 34034513 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging patterns suggest telomere dynamics and life history are fundamentally linked in endotherms through life-history traits that mediate the processes underlying telomere attrition. Unlike endotherms, ectotherms maintain the ability to lengthen somatic telomeres throughout life and the link between life-history strategies and ectotherm telomere dynamics is unknown. In a well-characterized model system (Niveoscincus ocellatus), we used long-term longitudinal data to study telomere dynamics across climatically divergent populations. We found longer telomeres in individuals from the cool highlands than those from the warm lowlands at birth and as adults. The key determinant of adult telomere length across populations was telomere length at birth, with population-specific effects of age and growth on adult telomere length. The reproductive effort had no proximate effect on telomere length in either population. Maternal factors influenced telomere length at birth in the warm lowlands but not the cool highlands. Our results demonstrate that life-history traits can have pervasive and context-dependent effects on telomere dynamics in ectotherms both within and between populations. We argue that these telomere dynamics may reflect the populations' different life histories, with the slow-growing cool highland population investing more into telomere lengthening compared to the earlier-maturing warm lowland population.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Fitzpatrick
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - M Olsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Pauliny
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - G M While
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - E Wapstra
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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6
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Morgan HL, Ampong I, Eid N, Rouillon C, Griffiths HR, Watkins AJ. Low protein diet and methyl-donor supplements modify testicular physiology in mice. Reproduction 2021; 159:627-641. [PMID: 32163913 PMCID: PMC7159163 DOI: 10.1530/rep-19-0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The link between male diet and sperm quality has received significant investigation. However, the impact diet and dietary supplements have on the testicular environment has been examined to a lesser extent. Here, we establish the impact of a sub-optimal low protein diet (LPD) on testicular morphology, apoptosis and serum fatty acid profiles. Furthermore, we define whether supplementing a LPD with specific methyl donors abrogates any detrimental effects of the LPD. Male C57BL6 mice were fed either a control normal protein diet (NPD; 18% protein; n = 8), an isocaloric LPD (LPD; 9% protein; n = 8) or an LPD supplemented with methyl donors (MD-LPD; choline chloride, betaine, methionine, folic acid, vitamin B12; n = 8) for a minimum of 7 weeks. Analysis of male serum fatty acid profiles by gas chromatography revealed elevated levels of saturated fatty acids and lower levels of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids in MD-LPD males when compared to NPD and/or LPD males. Testes of LPD males displayed larger seminiferous tubule cross section area when compared to NPD and MD-LPD males, while MD-LPD tubules displayed a larger luminal area. Furthermore, TUNNEL staining revealed LPD males possessed a reduced number of tubules positive for apoptosis, while gene expression analysis showed MD-LPD testes displayed decreased expression of the pro-apoptotic genes Bax, Csap1 and Fas when compared to NPD males. Finally, testes from MD-LPD males displayed a reduced telomere length but increased telomerase activity. These data reveal the significance of sub-optimal nutrition for paternal metabolic and reproductive physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Morgan
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Isaac Ampong
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford, UK
| | - Nader Eid
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Charlène Rouillon
- INRA, Fish Physiology and Genomics, Bat 16A, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Helen R Griffiths
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford, UK
| | - Adam J Watkins
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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7
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Kosebent EG, Ozturk S. The spatiotemporal expression of TERT and telomere repeat binding proteins in the postnatal mouse testes. Andrologia 2021; 53:e13976. [PMID: 33544428 DOI: 10.1111/and.13976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres consist of repetitive DNA sequences and telomere-associated proteins. Telomeres located at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes undergo shortening due to DNA replication, genotoxic factors and reactive oxygen species. The short telomeres are elongated by the enzyme telomerase expressed in the germ line, embryonic and stem cells. Telomerase is in the structure of ribonucleoprotein composed of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), telomerase RNA component (Terc) and other components. Among telomere-associated proteins, telomeric repeat binding factor 1 (TRF1) and 2 (TRF2) exclusively bind to the double-stranded telomeric DNA to regulate its length. However, protection of telomeres 1 (POT1) interacts with the single-stranded telomeric DNA to protect from DNA damage response. Herein, we characterised the spatial and temporal expression of the TERT, TRF1, TRF2 and POT1 proteins in the postnatal mouse testes at the ages of 6, 8, 16, 20, 29, 32 and 88 days by using immunohistochemistry. Significant differences in the spatiotemporal expression patterns and levels of these proteins were determined in the postnatal testes (p < .05). These findings indicate that TERT and telomere repeat binding proteins seem to be required for maintaining the length and structural integrity of telomeres in the spermatogenic cells from newborn to adult terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra G Kosebent
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Saffet Ozturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
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8
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Ramos-Ibeas P, Pericuesta E, Peral-Sanchez I, Heras S, Laguna-Barraza R, Pérez-Cerezales S, Gutiérrez-Adán A. Longitudinal analysis of somatic and germ-cell telomere dynamics in outbred mice. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:1033-1043. [PMID: 31209959 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Although telomere length (TL) shortens with age in most tissues, an age-related increase in length has been described in sperm through a mechanism that is not yet fully understood. Changes in TL with age in the same individual have not been explored. This longitudinal study examines TL dynamics in somatic tissue and gametes during an entire lifespan in an outbred mouse population (from 8 to up to 114 weeks of age). Our findings indicate a reduced life expectancy in males compared to females (84.75 ± 9.23 vs. 113.16 ± 0.20 weeks) and significant variability in TL dynamics between individuals. While with aging, a clear reduction in TL was produced in somatic cells and oocytes, telomeres in sperm cells significantly lengthened. Finally, we found evidence indicating that telomere elongation in sperm during aging may be dependent on different mechanisms, such as the survival of spermatogonia with longer telomeres and the alternative lengthening of telomeres mechanism in meiotic and postmeiotic spermatogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Pericuesta
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, INIA, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sonia Heras
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, INIA, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Boniewska-Bernacka E, Pańczyszyn A, Cybulska N. Telomeres as a molecular marker of male infertility. HUM FERTIL 2018; 22:78-87. [PMID: 29609488 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2018.1456682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, male infertility has become a growing social problem. Standard diagnostic procedures, based on assessing seminological parameters, are often insufficient to explain the causes of male infertility. Because of this, new markers with better clinical application are being sought. One of the promising markers seems to be an assessment of telomere length of sperm. Sperm telomeres, in contrast to somatic cells, are elongated as men age. The results of some studies suggest that telomere length may be relevant in the case of fertilization and normal embryo development. Literature reports indicate that there is a correlation between telomere length of sperm and abnormal sperm parameters. The measurement of telomere length using the method of quantitative PCR could become a new marker of spermatogenesis, which can be useful for evaluating male reproductive age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Boniewska-Bernacka
- a Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology , University of Opole , Opole , Poland
| | - Anna Pańczyszyn
- a Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology , University of Opole , Opole , Poland
| | - Natalia Cybulska
- b GMW - Center for Gynecological and Obstetric Diagnosis , Opole , Poland
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10
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Chagin V, Zalensky A, Nazarov I, Mudrak O. Preferable location of chromosomes 1, 29, and X in bovine spermatozoa. AIMS GENETICS 2018; 5:113-123. [PMID: 31435516 PMCID: PMC6698578 DOI: 10.3934/genet.2018.2.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome positioning in sperm nucleus may have a functional significance by influencing the sequence of post-fertilization events. In this study we present data on preferential locations of chromosomes 1, 29 and X in Bos taurus spermatozoa. Here we demonstrate that the position of X chromosome in the sperm nucleus is more restricted as compared to the position of chromosome 1, which is about of the same size. Our data support the concept of the functional significance of genome architecture in male germline cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Chagin
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Andrei Zalensky
- The Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Virginia, USA
| | - Igor Nazarov
- The Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Virginia, USA
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Mudrak
- The Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Virginia, USA
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
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11
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Postnatal development of bitter taste avoidance behavior in mice is associated with ACTIN-dependent localization of bitter taste receptors to the microvilli of taste cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:2579-2583. [PMID: 29278699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bitter taste avoidance behavior (BAB) plays a fundamental role in the avoidance of toxic substances with a bitter taste. However, the molecular basis underlying the development of BAB is unknown. To study critical developmental events by which taste buds turn into functional organs with BAB, we investigated the early phase development of BAB in postnatal mice in response to bitter-tasting compounds, such as quinine and thiamine. Postnatal mice started to exhibit BAB for thiamine and quinine at postnatal day 5 (PD5) and PD7, respectively. Histological analyses of taste buds revealed the formation of microvilli in the taste pores starting at PD5 and the localization of type 2 taste receptor 119 (TAS2R119) at the microvilli at PD6. Treatment of the tongue epithelium with cytochalasin D (CytD), which disturbs ACTIN polymerization in the microvilli, resulted in the loss of TAS2R119 localization at the microvilli and the loss of BAB for quinine and thiamine. The release of ATP from the circumvallate papillae tissue due to taste stimuli was also declined following CytD treatment. These results suggest that the localization of TAS2R119 at the microvilli of taste pores is critical for the initiation of BAB.
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12
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Tardat M, Déjardin J. Telomere chromatin establishment and its maintenance during mammalian development. Chromosoma 2017; 127:3-18. [PMID: 29250704 PMCID: PMC5818603 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-017-0656-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres are specialized structures that evolved to protect the end of linear chromosomes from the action of the cell DNA damage machinery. They are composed of tandem arrays of repeated DNA sequences with a specific heterochromatic organization. The length of telomeric repeats is dynamically regulated and can be affected by changes in the telomere chromatin structure. When telomeres are not properly controlled, the resulting chromosomal alterations can induce genomic instability and ultimately the development of human diseases, such as cancer. Therefore, proper establishment, regulation, and maintenance of the telomere chromatin structure are required for cell homeostasis. Here, we review the current knowledge on telomeric chromatin dynamics during cell division and early development in mammals, and how its proper regulation safeguards genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Tardat
- Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS UMR 9002, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34396, Montpellier, France.
| | - Jérôme Déjardin
- Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS UMR 9002, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34396, Montpellier, France.
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13
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Olsson M, Wapstra E, Friesen CR. Evolutionary ecology of telomeres: a review. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1422:5-28. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mats Olsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Wollongong Wollongong New South Wales Australia
| | - Erik Wapstra
- School of Biological Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Christopher R. Friesen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
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14
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Oblette A, Rives N, Dumont L, Rives A, Verhaeghe F, Jumeau F, Rondanino C. Assessment of sperm nuclear quality after in vitro maturation of fresh or frozen/thawed mouse pre-pubertal testes. Mol Hum Reprod 2017; 23:674-684. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gax048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Oblette
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 ‘Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality’, Rouen University Hospital, Department of Reproductive Biology—CECOS, F 76000 Rouen, France
| | - N Rives
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 ‘Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality’, Rouen University Hospital, Department of Reproductive Biology—CECOS, F 76000 Rouen, France
| | - L Dumont
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 ‘Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality’, Rouen University Hospital, Department of Reproductive Biology—CECOS, F 76000 Rouen, France
| | - A Rives
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 ‘Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality’, Rouen University Hospital, Department of Reproductive Biology—CECOS, F 76000 Rouen, France
| | - F Verhaeghe
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 ‘Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality’, Rouen University Hospital, Department of Reproductive Biology—CECOS, F 76000 Rouen, France
| | - F Jumeau
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 ‘Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality’, Rouen University Hospital, Department of Reproductive Biology—CECOS, F 76000 Rouen, France
| | - C Rondanino
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 ‘Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality’, Rouen University Hospital, Department of Reproductive Biology—CECOS, F 76000 Rouen, France
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15
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Liu S, Liu H, Qin R, Shu Y, Liu Z, Zhang P, Duan C, Hong D, Yu J, Zou L. The cellular senescence of leukemia-initiating cells from acute lymphoblastic leukemia is postponed by β-Arrestin1 binding with P300-Sp1 to regulate hTERT transcription. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2756. [PMID: 28425985 PMCID: PMC5603829 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Although we previously reported that the self-renewal of leukemia-initiating cells of B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL LICs) was regulated by β-Arrestin1, a multiple-function protein, the cellular senescence is critical for LICs fate and leukemia progress, and worthy for further investigation. Here we found that depletion of β-Arrestin1 extended the population doubling time and the percentage of senile cells, the signatures of cellular senescence, of B-ALL LICs. Moreover, lack of β-Arrestin1 enhanced the expression of proteins (CBX, HIRA) and genes (P53, P16) related to senescence in leukemic Reh cells and B-ALL-LICs-derived leukemic mice. Further results showed that loss of β-Arrestin1 induced senescence of Reh cells through mediating hTERT-telomerase-telomere axis, which was reversed by BIBR1532, the telomerase activity inhibitor. Importantly, depletion of β-Arrestin1 decreased the binding of Sp1 to hTERT promoter at the region of −28 to −36 bp. The anti-sense oligonucleotide of this key region downregulated the transcription of hTERT and aggravated the senescence of Reh cells. Further data demonstrated that the depleted β-Arrestin1 reduced the interaction of P300 with Sp1, thus to reduce Sp1 binding to hTERT promoter, downregulate hTERT transcription, decrease telomerase activity, shorten telomere length, and promote Reh cell senescence. Interestingly, the percentage of senile cells in B-ALL LICs was decreased, which was negatively correlated to good prognosis and β-Arrestin1 mRNA expression in childhood B-ALL patients. Our study shed a light on the senescence of B-ALL LICs and is regulated by β-Arrestin1, providing the potential therapeutic target of leukemia by promoting cellular senescence with a key region of hTERT promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical Universtiy, Chongqing 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical Universtiy, Chongqing 400014, China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing 400014, China.,Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Ru Qin
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical Universtiy, Chongqing 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing 400014, China.,Center for Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical Universtiy, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Yi Shu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical Universtiy, Chongqing 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Zhidai Liu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical Universtiy, Chongqing 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Penghui Zhang
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical Universtiy, Chongqing 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China.,Center for Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical Universtiy, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Caiwen Duan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Dengli Hong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing 400014, China.,Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Lin Zou
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical Universtiy, Chongqing 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing 400014, China.,Chongqing Stem Cell Therapy Engineering Technical Research Center, Chongqing 400014, China
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16
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Leelatanawit R, Uawisetwathana U, Klanchui A, Khudet J, Phomklad S, Wongtriphop S, Jiravanichpaisal P, Karoonuthaisiri N. Transcriptomic Analysis of Male Black Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) After Polychaete Feeding to Enhance Testicular Maturation. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 19:125-135. [PMID: 28246982 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-017-9738-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To reveal molecular mechanism of how polychaetes enhanced reproductive maturation in the male black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), transcriptomic profiles of male reproductive organs (testes and vas deferens) between polychaete-fed and commercial pellet-fed male brooders were compared using cDNA microarray. The overall profiles were distinguishingly different between the two feed groups as well as between testes and vas deferens. Additionally, six of 11 differentially expressed gene identified by the microarray (HNRPUL1 and GCP4 in testes, MAT2B, CDC16, and CSN5 in vas deferens, and SLD5 in both organs) were validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and found to exhibit significantly higher expression levels in polychaete-fed shrimp than those in commercial pellet-fed shrimp. From microarray and qPCR results, the differentially expressed transcripts in both testes and vas deferens between different feeds belonged to DNA replication and microtubule nucleation pathways. Interestingly, while the transcripts involved in nutrient uptake and nucleotide biosynthesis were increased only in testes, those involved in protein refolding and apoptosis were increased only in vas deferens. These findings suggest that polychaetes may enhance spermatogenesis by increasing spermatogonia proliferation in testes and by regulating mature spermatozoa in vas deferens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungnapa Leelatanawit
- Microarray Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
| | - Umaporn Uawisetwathana
- Microarray Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Amornpan Klanchui
- Microarray Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Jutatip Khudet
- Shrimp Genetic Improvement Center (SGIC), National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Surat Thani, Thailand
| | - Suwanchai Phomklad
- Shrimp Genetic Improvement Center (SGIC), National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Surat Thani, Thailand
| | - Somjai Wongtriphop
- Shrimp Genetic Improvement Center (SGIC), National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Surat Thani, Thailand
| | - Pikul Jiravanichpaisal
- Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Nitsara Karoonuthaisiri
- Microarray Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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17
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Gu Y, Xu W, Nie D, Zhang D, Dai J, Zhao X, Zhang M, Wang Z, Chen Z, Qiao Z. Nicotine induces Nme2-mediated apoptosis in mouse testes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 472:573-9. [PMID: 26972251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In mouse testes, germ cell apoptosis can be caused by cigarette smoke and lead to declining quality of semen, but the exact molecular mechanisms remain unclear. To evaluate the effects of nicotine exposure on apoptosis during spermatogenesis, we first constructed a nicotine-treated mouse model and detected germ cell apoptosis activity in the testes using the TUNEL method. Then we analyzed the variation of telomere length and telomerase activity by real-time PCR and TRAP-real-time PCR, respectively. Further, we investigated a highly expressed gene, Nme2, in mouse testes after nicotine treatment from our previous results, which has close correlation with the apoptosis activity predicted by bioinformatics. We performed NME2 overexpression in Hela cells to confirm whether telomere length and telomerase activity were regulated by the Nme2 gene. Finally, we examined methylation of CpG islands in the Nme2 promoter with the Bisulfite Sequencing (BSP) method. The results showed that apoptosis had increased significantly, and then telomerase activity became weak. Further, telomere length was shortened in the germ cells among the nicotine-treated group. In Hela cells, both overexpression of the Nme2 gene and nicotine exposure can suppress the activity of telomerase activity and shorten telomere length. BSP results revealed that the Nme2 promoter appeared with low methylation in mouse testes after nicotine treatment. We assume that nicotine-induced apoptosis may be caused by telomerase activity decline, which is inhibited by the up expression of Nme2 because of its hypomethylation in mouse germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Gu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Wangjie Xu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Nie
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Dong Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Jingbo Dai
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Xianglong Zhao
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Meixing Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, PR China.
| | - Zhongdong Qiao
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
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18
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Hong F, Zhao X, Si W, Ze Y, Wang L, Zhou Y, Hong J, Yu X, Sheng L, Liu D, Xu B, Zhang J. Decreased spermatogenesis led to alterations of testis-specific gene expression in male mice following nano-TiO2 exposure. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 300:718-728. [PMID: 26296075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Although TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) exposure has been demonstrated to cross blood-testis barrier and accumulate in the testis resulting in the reduction of sperm numbers, limited data with respect to the molecular mechanism of decreased spermatogenesis caused by TiO2 NP exposure. In this research, testicular damage, sperm number and alterations in testis-specific gene expressions in male mice induced by intragastric administration with TiO2 NPs for six months were investigated. It was found out that TiO2 NPs could migrate to cells, deposit in the testis and epididymis and thus cause damages to relevant organs, which are, to be more specific, the reductions of total sperm concentrations and sperm motility and an enhancement in the number of abnormal sperms in the cauda epididymis. Furthermore, the individual expression regarding to the mRNAs and proteins of testis-specific genes, including Cdc2, Cyclin B1, Dmcl, TERT, Tesmin, TESP-1, XPD and XRCCI, were significantly declined, whereas Gsk3-β and PGAM4 expressions were greatly elevated in mouse testis due to the exposures, which in fact implied that the reduced spermatogenesis may be involved in the alternated testis-specific gene expressions in those exposed male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fashui Hong
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China; School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China.
| | - Xiaoyang Zhao
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wenhui Si
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, Suzhou 215008, China
| | - Yuguan Ze
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Library of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yingjun Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China; School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Jie Hong
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaohong Yu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lei Sheng
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bingqing Xu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jianhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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19
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E-type cyclins modulate telomere integrity in mammalian male meiosis. Chromosoma 2015; 125:253-64. [PMID: 26712234 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-015-0564-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We have shown that E-type cyclins are key regulators of mammalian male meiosis. Depletion of cyclin E2 reduced fertility in male mice due to meiotic defects, involving abnormal pairing and synapsis, unrepaired DNA, and loss of telomere structure. These defects were exacerbated by additional loss of cyclin E1, and complete absence of both E-type cyclins produces a meiotic catastrophe. Here, we investigated the involvement of E-type cyclins in maintaining telomere integrity in male meiosis. Spermatocytes lacking cyclin E2 and one E1 allele (E1+/-E2-/-) displayed a high rate of telomere abnormalities but can progress to pachytene and diplotene stages. We show that their telomeres exhibited an aberrant DNA damage repair response during pachynema and that the shelterin complex proteins TRF2 and RAP2 were significantly decreased in the proximal telomeres. Moreover, the insufficient level of these proteins correlated with an increase of γ-H2AX foci in the affected telomeres and resulted in telomere associations involving TRF1 and telomere detachment in later prophase-I stages. These results suggest that E-type cyclins are key modulators of telomere integrity during meiosis by, at least in part, maintaining the balance of shelterin complex proteins, and uncover a novel role of E-type cyclins in regulating chromosome structure during male meiosis.
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20
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Telomere homeostasis in mammalian germ cells: a review. Chromosoma 2015; 125:337-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00412-015-0555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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21
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Haji Ebrahim Zargar H, Mohseni Meybodi A, Sabbaghian M, Shahhoseini M, Asadpor U, Sadighi Gilani MA, Chehrazi M, Farhangniya M, Shahzadeh Fazeli SA. Association of Two Polymorphisms in H2B.W Gene with Azoospermia and Severe Oligozoospermia in An Iranian Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2015; 9:205-14. [PMID: 26246879 PMCID: PMC4518489 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2015.4241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During spermatogenesis, the H2B family, member W (H2B.W) gene, en- codes a testis specific histone that is co-localized with telomeric sequences and has the potential role to mediate the sperm-specific chromatin remodeling. Previously H2B.W genetic variants were reported to be involved in susceptibility to spermatogenesis im- pairment. In the present study, two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 5΄UTR and exon 1 of H2B.W gene were examined to investigate possible association of these polymorphisms with male infertility in Iranian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS This case control study was conducted in Royan institute during four-year period (2010-2013). Genetic alteration of two SNPs loci, -9C>T and 368A>G, in H2B.W gene were indicated in 92 infertile men who were divided into two main groups includ- ing azoospermia (n=46) and sever oligozoospermia (n=46), while there was 60 fertile men as control group. Azoosperima was also divided into three sub-groups including sertoli cell only syndrome (SCOS, n=21), complete maturation arrest (CMA, n=17) and hypo spermatogenesis (n=8) according to testicular biopsy. For analysis, polymerase chain reaction-restriction frag- ment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique was applied. RESULTS The frequency of allele -9T was significantly higher in CMA group than in patients with SCOS (P<0.05). The haplotype TA (corresponding to simultaneous occur- rence of -9T and 368A) compared with haplotype CA (corresponding to simultaneous occurrence of -9C and 368A) in patients suffering from CMA significantly increased, compared with patients had SCOS (P<0.05). However, statistical studies indicated that in general, the distribution frequencies of -9C>T and 368A>G had no significant difference between the infertile groups and control (P=0.859 and P=0.812, respectively). CONCLUSION This investigation showed that SNP -9C>T might be contribute to CMA in azoo- spermic patients and SNP 368A>G had no correlation with male infertility in Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleh Haji Ebrahim Zargar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Genetics at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahita Mohseni Meybodi
- Department of Genetics at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Sabbaghian
- Department of Andrology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shahhoseini
- Department of Genetics at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ummulbanin Asadpor
- Department of Genetics at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sadighi Gilani
- Department of Andrology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Chehrazi
- Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health at Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Farhangniya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran ; Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Abolhassan Shahzadeh Fazeli
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Genetics at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran ; Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Alibardi L. Immunolocalization of the telomerase‐1 component in cells of the regenerating tail, testis, and intestine of lizards. J Morphol 2015; 276:748-58. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Alibardi
- Comparative Histolab and Dipartimento of BigeaUniversity of Bologna Bologna Italy
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23
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24
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Reig-Viader R, Capilla L, Vila-Cejudo M, Garcia F, Anguita B, Garcia-Caldés M, Ruiz-Herrera A. Telomere homeostasis is compromised in spermatocytes from patients with idiopathic infertility. Fertil Steril 2014; 102:728-738.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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25
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Saito K, Sakai C, Kawasaki T, Sakai N. Telomere distribution pattern and synapsis initiation during spermatogenesis in zebrafish. Dev Dyn 2014; 243:1448-56. [PMID: 25044979 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomeres are located at ends of eukaryotic chromosomes and can affect proper chromosomal positioning. During spermatogenesis, the appropriate dynamics and behavior of chromosomes is crucial to generate haploid cells through meiosis. Here, we describe telomere distribution patterns during spermatogenesis in zebrafish, especially during meiotic prophase I, using fluorescence in situ hybridization. This was combined with synaptonemal complex protein 3 immunostaining, which allows the staging of spermatocytes. RESULTS During spermatogonial proliferation and the preleptotene stage, telomeres were dispersed throughout the nucleus. During the leptotene stage, telomeres temporarily moved to one pole of the nucleus at which γ-tubulin was located, forming the telomere bouquet. The cluster lasted until the onset of zygotene where it coincided with terminal synapsis initiation. They then spread around the periphery of the nucleus during the zygotene to pachytene stages. During postmeiotic stages, telomeres in spermatids and sperm were again dispersed throughout the nuclei. Application of this procedure in meiotic mutants confirmed that meiotic telomere clustering is independent of axial element formation of the synaptonemal complex. CONCLUSIONS These data clearly showed the clustering and distributions of telomeres throughout spermatogenesis in zebrafish. This procedure could be used to screen for mutants that have primary defects in telomere clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Saito
- Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
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Reig-Viader R, Vila-Cejudo M, Vitelli V, Buscà R, Sabaté M, Giulotto E, Caldés MG, Ruiz-Herrera A. Telomeric Repeat-Containing RNA (TERRA) and Telomerase Are Components of Telomeres During Mammalian Gametogenesis1. Biol Reprod 2014; 90:103. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.116954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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27
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Kondo T, Isono K, Kondo K, Endo T, Itohara S, Vidal M, Koseki H. Polycomb Potentiates Meis2 Activation in Midbrain by Mediating Interaction of the Promoter with a Tissue-Specific Enhancer. Dev Cell 2014; 28:94-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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28
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Kappei D, Butter F, Benda C, Scheibe M, Draškovič I, Stevense M, Novo CL, Basquin C, Araki M, Araki K, Krastev DB, Kittler R, Jessberger R, Londoño-Vallejo JA, Mann M, Buchholz F. HOT1 is a mammalian direct telomere repeat-binding protein contributing to telomerase recruitment. EMBO J 2013; 32:1681-701. [PMID: 23685356 PMCID: PMC3680732 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2013.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are repetitive DNA structures that, together with the shelterin and the CST complex, protect the ends of chromosomes. Telomere shortening is mitigated in stem and cancer cells through the de novo addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase. Telomere elongation requires the delivery of the telomerase complex to telomeres through a not yet fully understood mechanism. Factors promoting telomerase-telomere interaction are expected to directly bind telomeres and physically interact with the telomerase complex. In search for such a factor we carried out a SILAC-based DNA-protein interaction screen and identified HMBOX1, hereafter referred to as homeobox telomere-binding protein 1 (HOT1). HOT1 directly and specifically binds double-stranded telomere repeats, with the in vivo association correlating with binding to actively processed telomeres. Depletion and overexpression experiments classify HOT1 as a positive regulator of telomere length. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation and cell fractionation analyses show that HOT1 associates with the active telomerase complex and promotes chromatin association of telomerase. Collectively, these findings suggest that HOT1 supports telomerase-dependent telomere elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Kappei
- Medical Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, University Cancer Center, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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29
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Turner S, Hartshorne GM. Telomere lengths in human pronuclei, oocytes and spermatozoa. Mol Hum Reprod 2013; 19:510-8. [PMID: 23519357 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gat021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are chromosome ends that control functions related to cell division. Short telomeres are proposed to underlie infertility, female reproductive ageing and abnormal embryogenesis, but there is little direct evidence on telomere length in gametes and embryos. The aim of this study was to measure telomere lengths in individual human oocytes, spermatozoa, male and female pronuclei, in order to compare parental contributions to telomere lengths in the human zygote. Quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to measure average telomere length in pronuclei of oocytes fertilized for research using a known fertile sperm sample. Pronuclei derived from male and female gametes were distinguished by 5-methylcytosine staining. Results were compared with those for unfertilized mature and immature oocytes and individual spermatozoa decondensed in vitro. Fifty unselected men and one sperm donor provided semen samples and 32 women donated oocytes surplus to IVF treatment. Telomeres in mature oocytes and female pronuclei were significantly longer than those in individual spermatozoa and male pronuclei (P < 0.0001). Telomeres were longer in immature oocytes than in mature oocytes (P < 0.04). Sperm telomere length increased with male age (P < 0.05). Neither sperm nor oocyte telomere lengths were significantly associated with clinical parameters or outcome of treatment. In conclusion, telomere length measurements directly comparing human pronuclei under identical conditions show that male-derived telomeres are shorter on average than female-derived telomeres at fertilization. We propose that from this starting point, telomere lengths are probably modified by recombination events in the oocyte until telomerase increases at the blastocyst stage. Our findings do not support the use of gamete telomere lengths as a fertility diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Turner
- Division of Reproductive Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
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Jiang J, Lv W, Ye X, Wang L, Zhang M, Yang H, Okuka M, Zhou C, Zhang X, Liu L, Li J. Zscan4 promotes genomic stability during reprogramming and dramatically improves the quality of iPS cells as demonstrated by tetraploid complementation. Cell Res 2012; 23:92-106. [PMID: 23147797 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2012.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells generated using Yamanaka factors have great potential for use in autologous cell therapy. However, genomic abnormalities exist in human iPS cells, and most mouse iPS cells are not fully pluripotent, as evaluated by the tetraploid complementation assay (TCA); this is most likely associated with the DNA damage response (DDR) occurred in early reprogramming induced by Yamanaka factors. In contrast, nuclear transfer can faithfully reprogram somatic cells into embryonic stem (ES) cells that satisfy the TCA. We thus hypothesized that factors involved in oocyte-induced reprogramming may stabilize the somatic genome during reprogramming, and improve the quality of the resultant iPS cells. To test this hypothesis, we screened for factors that could decrease DDR signals during iPS cell induction. We determined that Zscan4, in combination with the Yamanaka factors, not only remarkably reduced the DDR but also markedly promoted the efficiency of iPS cell generation. The inclusion of Zscan4 stabilized the genomic DNA, resulting in p53 downregulation. Furthermore, Zscan4 also enhanced telomere lengthening as early as 3 days post-infection through a telomere recombination-based mechanism. As a result, iPS cells generated with addition of Zscan4 exhibited longer telomeres than classical iPS cells. Strikingly, more than 50% of iPS cell lines (11/19) produced via this "Zscan4 protocol" gave rise to live-borne all-iPS cell mice as determined by TCA, compared to 1/12 for lines produced using the classical Yamanaka factors. Our findings provide the first demonstration that maintaining genomic stability during reprogramming promotes the generation of high quality iPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jiang
- Group of Epigenetic Reprogramming, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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Choi YH, Lim JK, Jeong MW, Kim KT. HnRNP A1 phosphorylated by VRK1 stimulates telomerase and its binding to telomeric DNA sequence. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 40:8499-518. [PMID: 22740652 PMCID: PMC3458570 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The telomere integrity is maintained via replication machinery, telomere associated proteins and telomerase. Many telomere associated proteins are regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1), a single-stranded oligonucleotide binding protein, is thought to play a pivotal role in telomere maintenance. Here, we identified hnRNP A1 as a novel substrate for vaccinia-related kinase 1 (VRK1), a cell cycle regulating kinase. Phosphorylation by VRK1 potentiates the binding of hnRNP A1 to telomeric ssDNA and telomerase RNA in vitro and enhances its function for telomerase reaction. VRK1 deficiency induces a shortening of telomeres with an abnormal telomere arrangement and activation of DNA-damage signaling in mouse male germ cells. Together, our data suggest that VRK1 is required for telomere maintenance via phosphorylation of hnRNP A1, which regulates proteins associated with the telomere and telomerase RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Ha Choi
- Department of Life Science, Division of Molecular and Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San-31, Hyoja-Dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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Barboni B, Russo V, Cecconi S, Curini V, Colosimo A, Garofalo MLA, Capacchietti G, Di Giacinto O, Mattioli M. In vitro grown sheep preantral follicles yield oocytes with normal nuclear-epigenetic maturation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27550. [PMID: 22132111 PMCID: PMC3221676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Assisted reproductive technologies allow to utilize a limited number of fully grown oocytes despite the presence in the ovary of a large pool of meiotically incompetent gametes potentially able to produce live births. In vitro folliculogenesis could be useful to recruit these oocytes by promoting their growth and differentiation. Methodology/Principal Findings In vitro folliculogenesis was performed starting from sheep preantral (PA) follicles to evaluate oocyte nuclear/epigenetic maturation. Chromatin configuration, quantification of global DNA methylation, and epigenetic remodelling enzymes were evaluated with immunocytochemistry, telomere elongation was assessed with the Q-FISH technique, while the DNA methylation status at the DMRs of maternally IGF2R and BEGAIN, and paternally H19 methylated imprinted genes was determined by bisulfite sequencing and COBRA. Specifically, 70% of PA underwent early antrum (EA) differentiation and supported in culture oocyte global DNA methylation, telomere elongation, TERT and Dnmt3a redistribution thus mimicking the physiological events that involve the oocyte during the transition from secondary to tertiary follicle. Dnmt1 anticipated cytoplasmic translocation in in vitro grown oocytes did not impair global and single gene DNA methylation. Indeed, the in vitro grown oocytes acquired a methylation profile of IGF2R and BEGAIN compatible with the follicle/oocyte stage reached, and maintained an unmethylated status of H19. In addition, the percentage of oocytes displaying a condensed chromatin configuration resulted lower in in vitro grown oocytes, however, their ability to undergo meiosis and early embryo development after IVF and parthenogenetic activation was similar to that recorded in EA follicle in vivo grown oocytes. Conclusions/Significance In conclusion, the in vitro folliculogenesis was able to support the intracellular/nuclear mechanisms leading the oocytes to acquire a meiotic and developmental competence. Thus, the in vitro culture may increase the availability of fertilizable oocytes in sheep, and become an in vitro translational model to investigate the mechanisms governing nuclear/epigenetic oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Barboni
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Valentina Russo
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Sandra Cecconi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Valentina Curini
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Alessia Colosimo
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Capacchietti
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Oriana Di Giacinto
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Mauro Mattioli
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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Jia W, Wang S, Horner JW, Wang N, Wang H, Gunther EJ, DePinho RA, Zhu J. A BAC transgenic reporter recapitulates in vivo regulation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase in development and tumorigenesis. FASEB J 2010; 25:979-89. [PMID: 21135040 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-173989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Telomerase is tightly regulated in humans relative to mice, owing to the differential regulation of TERT genes. To explore hTERT regulation in vivo, we engineered mice with a 160-kb transgenic bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) spanning the hTERT locus with a Renilla luciferase (Rluc) cassette downstream of its promoter. Analysis of multiple founder lines revealed that the Rluc expression profile from the transgenic hTERT reporter locus reproduced that of the native hTERT gene in all tissues and organs examined, demonstrating that genetic sequence determined the species-specific developmental regulation of the hTERT gene and that mouse epigenetic and transcription machineries faithfully regulated hTERT transcription. Thus, these mice allowed detailed analyses of developmental hTERT regulation. Both the transgenic hTERT reporter and the endogenous mTERT locus were expressed in early embryonic stages, and their mRNA levels progressively decreased throughout embryonic and postnatal development. Whereas hTERT transcription was much lower than mTERT expression in most organs, it increased significantly during postnatal development of thymus, testis, and ovary. In testis, the Rluc mRNA was enriched in elongating spermatids of seminiferous tubules. In addition, the transcription of transgenic hTERT reporter, but surprisingly not the endogenous mTERT gene, was activated during Wnt1-induced mammary tumorigenesis, allowing the monitoring of tumor development via noninvasive bioluminescent imaging. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the hTERT transgenic reporter system recapitulates the developmental regulation of the hTERT gene in a chromosomal position-independent manner and serves as a legitimate model to explore telomerase regulation in the development of normal and neoplastic tissues in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Jia
- Shaanxi Center for Stem Cell Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, China
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Green tea extracts attenuate doxorubicin-induced spermatogenic disorders in conjunction with higher telomerase activity in mice. J Assist Reprod Genet 2010; 27:501-8. [PMID: 20505988 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-010-9438-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of green tea extracts against doxorubicin-induced damage in the mouse testes correlating with telomerase activity. METHODS Green tea extracts were administered orally. Doxorubicin was coadministered intraperitoneally. These testes were evaluated histologically and the telomerase activity was analyzed. Additional immunostaining was carried out. RESULTS Both the sperm density and sperm motility were significantly increased in green tea extracts coadministration groups as compared to the doxorubicin-treated groups. By histological analysis, germ cell damage was greatly attenuated by green tea extracts coadministration. Telomerase activity significantly increased in association with the coadministration of green tea extracts as compared to that of doxorubicin-only groups. In all groups, human telomerase reverse transcriptase signals were mainly observed in the spermatocytes and spermatids. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that green tea extracts exert protective effects against doxorubicin-induced spermatogenic disorders in conjunction with higher telomerase activity levels.
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Adelfalk C, Janschek J, Revenkova E, Blei C, Liebe B, Göb E, Alsheimer M, Benavente R, de Boer E, Novak I, Höög C, Scherthan H, Jessberger R. Cohesin SMC1beta protects telomeres in meiocytes. J Cell Biol 2009; 187:185-99. [PMID: 19841137 PMCID: PMC2768837 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200808016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiosis-specific mammalian cohesin SMC1beta is required for complete sister chromatid cohesion and proper axes/loop structure of axial elements (AEs) and synaptonemal complexes (SCs). During prophase I, telomeres attach to the nuclear envelope (NE), but in Smc1beta(-/-) meiocytes, one fifth of their telomeres fail to attach. This study reveals that SMC1beta serves a specific role at telomeres, which is independent of its role in determining AE/SC length and loop extension. SMC1beta is necessary to prevent telomere shortening, and SMC3, present in all known cohesin complexes, properly localizes to telomeres only if SMC1beta is present. Very prominently, telomeres in Smc1beta(-/-) spermatocytes and oocytes loose their structural integrity and suffer a range of abnormalities. These include disconnection from SCs and formation of large telomeric protein-DNA extensions, extended telomere bridges between SCs, ring-like chromosomes, intrachromosomal telomeric repeats, and a reduction of SUN1 foci in the NE. We suggest that a telomere structure protected from DNA rearrangements depends on SMC1beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Adelfalk
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Janschek
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Revenkova
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Cornelia Blei
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bodo Liebe
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Genetics, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Göb
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Alsheimer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ricardo Benavente
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Esther de Boer
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10044
| | - Ivana Novak
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Höög
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Genetics, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
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Ota MS, Kaneko Y, Kondo K, Ogishima S, Tanaka H, Eto K, Kondo T. Combined in silico and in vivo analyses reveal role of Hes1 in taste cell differentiation. PLoS Genet 2009; 5:e1000443. [PMID: 19343206 PMCID: PMC2655725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The sense of taste is of critical importance to animal survival. Although studies of taste signal transduction mechanisms have provided detailed information regarding taste receptor calcium signaling molecules (TRCSMs, required for sweet/bitter/umami taste signal transduction), the ontogeny of taste cells is still largely unknown. We used a novel approach to investigate the molecular regulation of taste system development in mice by combining in silico and in vivo analyses. After discovering that TRCSMs colocalized within developing circumvallate papillae (CVP), we used computational analysis of the upstream regulatory regions of TRCSMs to investigate the possibility of a common regulatory network for TRCSM transcription. Based on this analysis, we identified Hes1 as a likely common regulatory factor, and examined its function in vivo. Expression profile analyses revealed that decreased expression of nuclear HES1 correlated with expression of type II taste cell markers. After stage E18, the CVP of Hes1(-/) (-) mutants displayed over 5-fold more TRCSM-immunoreactive cells than did the CVP of their wild-type littermates. Thus, according to our composite analyses, Hes1 is likely to play a role in orchestrating taste cell differentiation in developing taste buds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato S. Ota
- Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Kondo Research Unit, Neuro-Developmental Disorder Research Group, Brain Science Institute, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kaneko
- Department of Bioinformatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Kondo
- Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Kondo Research Unit, Neuro-Developmental Disorder Research Group, Brain Science Institute, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Soichi Ogishima
- Department of Bioinformatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Bioinformatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Eto
- Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kondo
- Kondo Research Unit, Neuro-Developmental Disorder Research Group, Brain Science Institute, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako, Saitama, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Weise J, GüneŞ Ç. Differential regulation of human and mousetelomerase reverse transcriptase(TERT) promoter activity during testis development. Mol Reprod Dev 2009; 76:309-17. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Tanemura K, Igarashi K, Matsugami TR, Aisaki KI, Kitajima S, Kanno J. Intrauterine environment-genome interaction and Children's development (2): Brain structure impairment and behavioral disturbance induced in male mice offspring by a single intraperitoneal administration of domoic acid (DA) to their dams. J Toxicol Sci 2009; 34 Suppl 2:SP279-86. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.34.sp279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Tanemura
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Toxicology, Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Katsuhide Igarashi
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Toxicology, Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Toshiko-R Matsugami
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Toxicology, Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Ken-ichi Aisaki
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Toxicology, Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Satoshi Kitajima
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Toxicology, Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Jun Kanno
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Toxicology, Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences
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Evolution of "determinants" in sex-determination: a novel hypothesis for the origin of environmental contingencies in avian sex-bias. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2008; 20:304-12. [PMID: 19073270 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2008.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Revised: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sex-determination is commonly categorized as either "genetic" or "environmental"-a classification that obscures the origin of this dichotomy and the evolution of sex-determining factors. The current focus on static outcomes of sex-determination provides little insight into the dynamic developmental processes by which some mechanisms acquire the role of sex determinants. Systems that combine "genetic" pathways of sex-determination (i.e., sex chromosomes) with "environmental" pathways (e.g., epigenetically induced segregation distortion) provide an opportunity to examine the evolutionary relationships between the two classes of processes and, ultimately, illuminate the evolution of sex-determining systems. Taxa with sex chromosomes typically undergo an evolutionary reduction in size of one of the sex chromosomes due to suppressed recombination, resulting in pronounced dimorphism of the sex chromosomes, and setting the stage for emergence of epigenetic compensatory mechanisms regulating meiotic segregation of heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Here we propose that these dispersed and redundant regulatory mechanisms enable environmental contingency in genetic sex-determination in birds and account for frequently documented context-dependence in avian sex-determination. We examine the evolution of directionality in such sex-determination as a result of exposure of epigenetic regulators of meiosis to natural selection and identify a central role of hormones in integrating female reproductive homeostasis, resource allocation to oocytes, and offspring sex. This approach clarifies the evolutionary relationship between sex-specific molecular genetic mechanisms of sex-determination and non-sex-specific epigenetic regulators of meiosis and demonstrates that both can determine sex. Our perspective shows how non-sex-specific mechanisms can acquire sex-determining function and, by establishing the explicit link between physiological integration of oogenesis and sex-determination, opens new avenues to the studies of adaptive sex-bias and sex-specific resource allocation in species with genetic sex-determination.
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Morelli MA, Werling U, Edelmann W, Roberson MS, Cohen PE. Analysis of meiotic prophase I in live mouse spermatocytes. Chromosome Res 2008; 16:743-60. [PMID: 18516692 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-008-1224-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Revised: 04/21/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Events occurring during meiotic prophase I are critical for the successful production of haploid gametes. Many prophase I events are mediated by a meiosis-specific structure called the synaptonemal complex. To date, the limited knowledge we have about the dynamics of these prophase I events in mice comes from fixed, two-dimensional preparations of meiotic cells making it impossible to study the three-dimensional (3D) arrangement of meiotic chromosomes. The current study involves the development of an imaging system to view prophase I events in live mammalian spermatocytes by generating a transgenic mouse, Sycp3-Eyfp ( 21HC ), expressing a fluorescently tagged synaptonemal complex protein, SYCP3. Using this live imaging system, the 3D structural arrangement of chromosomes in the different prophase I substages has been characterized in live spermatocytes, and aspects of the 3D architecture of spermatocytes have been observed that would not be possible with existing techniques. Additionally, chromosome movement in prophase I spermatocytes and meiotic progression from pachynema to diplonema were observed following treatment with the phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid (OA), which accelerates the progression of cells through late prophase I. These studies demonstrate that the Sycp3-Eyfp ( 21HC ) live imaging system is a useful tool for the study of mammalian prophase I dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisha A Morelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Reproductive Genomics, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Yamagishi T, Hirose S, Kondo T. Secondary DNA structure formation for Hoxb9 promoter and identification of its specific binding protein. Nucleic Acids Res 2008; 36:1965-75. [PMID: 18276649 PMCID: PMC2330229 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkm1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hox genes determine anterior–posterior specificity of an animal body. In mammals, these genes map onto four chromosomal loci in a clustered manner, and their expression is regulated in a coordinated manner according to their chromosomal structure. In the present study, we analysed the Hoxb9 promoter and found that promoter activity in cultured cells is linked to secondary structure formation of promoter DNA. In nuclear extracts, we also detected binding activity specific for secondary-structured DNA. We successfully isolated a candidate gene encoding this specific DNA-binding protein, FBXL10, and demonstrated the effects of the gene product on Hoxb9 promoter activity. Our results suggest that DNA can regulate gene expression by other, non-sequence-specific modes of genetic coding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Yamagishi
- Kondo Research Unit, Brain Development Research Group, Brain Science Institute, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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42
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Telomere lengthening early in development. Nat Cell Biol 2007; 9:1436-41. [PMID: 17982445 DOI: 10.1038/ncb1664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2007] [Accepted: 09/24/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells and cancer cells maintain telomere length mostly through telomerase. Telomerase activity is high in male germ line and stem cells, but is low or absent in mature oocytes and cleavage stage embryos, and then high again in blastocysts. How early embryos reset telomere length remains poorly understood. Here, we show that oocytes actually have shorter telomeres than somatic cells, but their telomeres lengthen remarkably during early cleavage development. Moreover, parthenogenetically activated oocytes also lengthen their telomeres, thus the capacity to elongate telomeres must reside within oocytes themselves. Notably, telomeres also elongate in the early cleavage embryos of telomerase-null mice, demonstrating that telomerase is unlikely to be responsible for the abrupt lengthening of telomeres in these cells. Coincident with telomere lengthening, extensive telomere sister-chromatid exchange (T-SCE) and colocalization of the DNA recombination proteins Rad50 and TRF1 were observed in early cleavage embryos. Both T-SCE and DNA recombination proteins decrease in blastocyst stage embryos, whereas telomerase activity increases and telomeres elongate only slowly. We suggest that telomeres lengthen during the early cleavage cycles following fertilization through a recombination-based mechanism, and that from the blastocyst stage onwards, telomerase only maintains the telomere length established by this alternative mechanism.
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Abstract
Telomeres are essential for genomic stability and their dysfunction has been implicated in cancer and ageing. The most prominent function of the telomeres is to protect chromosome ends against degradation and fusion, which, in turn, requires maintenance of telomere DNA to a critical length that allows assembly of end-capping structures. During early meiosis, telomeres play the distinctive function of anchoring chromosomes to the inner nuclear membrane. Subsequently, as a consequence of the nuclear membrane polarization, telomeres cluster together into a bouquet configuration, which facilitates pairing and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. Here we review how the two fundamental aspects of telomere maintenance, elongation and protection, contribute to the essential functions performed by telomeres during meiosis.
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Russo V, Martelli A, Berardinelli P, Di Giacinto O, Bernabò N, Fantasia D, Mattioli M, Barboni B. Modifications in chromatin morphology and organization during sheep oogenesis. Microsc Res Tech 2007; 70:733-44. [PMID: 17394198 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This research has been designed to study the major events of nuclear remodeling that characterize sheep oocytes during the early stage of folliculogenesis (transition from preantral to antral stage). In particular, the modifications in large-scale chromatin configuration, the global DNA methylation, and the process of telomere elongation have been investigated as crucial events of oocyte nuclear maturity. In addition, the spatio-temporal distribution of the major enzymes involved in DNA methylation, the DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1), and in telomere elongation, telomerase catalytic subunit (TERT), have been described. To these aims, the nuclei of isolated oocytes were investigated using immunocytochemistry and Q-FISH analyses. In absence of preliminary information, these nuclear determinants were compared with those of fully competent germ cells obtained from medium and preovulatory antral follicles. The nuclei of sheep oocytes acquired a condensed chromatin configuration, stable high levels of global DNA methylation, and a definitive telomere length already in the majority of late growing stage oocytes (110 microm) derived from early antral follicles. In addition, while the process of methylation resulted strictly related to oocyte diameter, the telomeric program appeared to be highly chromatin configuration-dependent. The translocation of Dnmt1 and TERT from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in the oocytes derived from early antral follicles seems to confirm the definitive chromatin asset of these germ cells. In conclusion, changes in large-scale chromatin structure, epigenesis, and telomere size in the sheep are established prior to oocyte acquires the ability to resume meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Comparate, Università degli Studi di Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
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Yamada M, Tanemura K, Okada S, Iwanami A, Nakamura M, Mizuno H, Ozawa M, Ohyama-Goto R, Kitamura N, Kawano M, Tan-Takeuchi K, Ohtsuka C, Miyawaki A, Takashima A, Ogawa M, Toyama Y, Okano H, Kondo T. Electrical stimulation modulates fate determination of differentiating embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 2006; 25:562-70. [PMID: 17110622 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A clear understanding of cell fate regulation during differentiation is key in successfully using stem cells for therapeutic applications. Here, we report that mild electrical stimulation strongly influences embryonic stem cells to assume a neuronal fate. Although the resulting neuronal cells showed no sign of specific terminal differentiation in culture, they showed potential to differentiate into various types of neurons in vivo, and, in adult mice, contributed to the injured spinal cord as neuronal cells. Induction of calcium ion influx is significant in this differentiation system. This phenomenon opens up possibilities for understanding novel mechanisms underlying cellular differentiation and early development, and, perhaps more importantly, suggests possibilities for treatments in medical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahisa Yamada
- Laboratory for Cell Culture Development, Yamada Research Unit, Molecular Neuropathology Group, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Russo V, Berardinelli P, Martelli A, Di Giacinto O, Nardinocchi D, Fantasia D, Barboni B. Expression of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Subunit (TERT) and Telomere Sizing in Pig Ovarian Follicles. J Histochem Cytochem 2006; 54:443-55. [PMID: 16400001 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.4a6603.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase is crucial for chromosome stability because it maintains telomere length. Little is known about telomerase in ovarian follicles, where an intense cell division is crucial to sustain estrous cycle and to drive oocyte development. The present research was performed to detect, by immunohistochemistry, the distribution of telomerase catalytic subunit (TERT) during folliculogenesis and to study the effect of TERT expression on telomeres. To this aim, telomere length has been measured on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)-processed sections either in follicular or in germ cells. In primary and preantral follicles, TERT was observed in granulosa and in germ cells, with a typical nuclear location. During antral differentiation, only somatic cells close to the antrum (antral layer) and cumulus cells maintained TERT expression. The relative oocytes located TERT in the ooplasm independent from the process of meiotic maturation. FISH results indicate that a correlation exists between TERT expression and telomere size. In fact, progressively bigger telomeres were observed from preantral to antral follicles where longer structures were recorded in cells of the cumulus oophorus and of the antral layer than those of the basal one. Stable and elongated telomeres were detected in fully grown oocytes that lost the functional TERT distribution within the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Comparate, Università degli Studi di Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
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