1
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Kato S, Shindo A. Direct quantitative perturbations of physical parameters in vivo to elucidate vertebrate embryo morphogenesis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 90:102420. [PMID: 39182374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Physical parameters such as tissue interplay forces, luminal pressure, fluid flow, temperature, and electric fields are crucial regulators of embryonic morphogenesis. While significant attention has been given to cellular and molecular responses to these physical parameters, their roles in morphogenesis are not yet fully elucidated. This is largely due to a shortage of methods for spatiotemporal modulation and direct quantitative perturbation of physical parameters in embryos. Recent advancements addressing these challenges include microscopes equipped with devices to apply and adjust forces, direct perturbation of luminal pressure, and the application of micro-forces to targeted cells and cilia in vivo. These methods are critical for unveiling morphogenesis mechanisms, highlighting the importance of integrating molecular and physical approaches for a comprehensive understanding of morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Kato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.
| | - Asako Shindo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.
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2
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Hatzold J, Nett V, Brantsch S, Zhang JL, Armistead J, Wessendorf H, Stephens R, Humbert PO, Iden S, Hammerschmidt M. Matriptase-dependent epidermal pre-neoplasm in zebrafish embryos caused by a combination of hypotonic stress and epithelial polarity defects. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010873. [PMID: 37566613 PMCID: PMC10446194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrantly up-regulated activity of the type II transmembrane protease Matriptase-1 has been associated with the development and progression of a range of epithelial-derived carcinomas, and a variety of signaling pathways can mediate Matriptase-dependent tumorigenic events. During mammalian carcinogenesis, gain of Matriptase activity often results from imbalanced ratios between Matriptase and its cognate transmembrane inhibitor Hai1. Similarly, in zebrafish, unrestrained Matriptase activity due to loss of hai1a results in epidermal pre-neoplasms already during embryogenesis. Here, based on our former findings of a similar tumor-suppressive role for the Na+/K+-pump beta subunit ATP1b1a, we identify epithelial polarity defects and systemic hypotonic stress as another mode of aberrant Matriptase activation in the embryonic zebrafish epidermis in vivo. In this case, however, a different oncogenic pathway is activated which contains PI3K, AKT and NFkB, rather than EGFR and PLD (as in hai1a mutants). Strikingly, epidermal pre-neoplasm is only induced when epithelial polarity defects in keratinocytes (leading to disturbed Matriptase subcellular localization) occur in combination with systemic hypotonic stress (leading to increased proteolytic activity of Matriptase). A similar combinatorial effect of hypotonicity and loss of epithelial polarity was also obtained for the activity levels of Matriptase-1 in human MCF-10A epithelial breast cells. Together, this is in line with the multi-factor concept of carcinogenesis, with the notion that such factors can even branch off from one and the same initiator (here ATP1a1b) and can converge again at the level of one and the same mediator (here Matriptase). In sum, our data point to tonicity and epithelial cell polarity as evolutionarily conserved regulators of Matriptase activity that upon de-regulation can constitute an alternative mode of Matriptase-dependent carcinogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hatzold
- Institute of Zoology–Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Verena Nett
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, Faculty of Medicine, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Stephanie Brantsch
- Institute of Zoology–Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Jin-Li Zhang
- Institute of Zoology–Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Joy Armistead
- Institute of Zoology–Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heike Wessendorf
- Institute of Zoology–Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Rebecca Stephens
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick O. Humbert
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandra Iden
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, Faculty of Medicine, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Matthias Hammerschmidt
- Institute of Zoology–Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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3
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New Insights into the Identity of the DFNA58 Gene. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122274. [PMID: 36553541 PMCID: PMC9777997 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is the most common sensory deficit, affecting 466 million people worldwide. The vast and diverse genes involved reflect the complexity of auditory physiology, which requires the use of animal models in order to gain a fuller understanding. Among the loci with a yet-to-be validated gene is the DFNA58, in which ~200 Kb genomic duplication, including three protein-coding genes (PLEK, CNRIP1, and PPP3R1's exon1), was found to segregate with autosomal dominant hearing loss. Through whole genome sequencing, the duplication was found to be in tandem and inserted in an intergenic region, without the disruption of the topological domains. Reanalysis of transcriptomes data studies (zebrafish and mouse), and RT-qPCR analysis of adult zebrafish target organs, in order to access their orthologues expression, highlighted promising results with Cnrip1a, corroborated by zebrafish in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence. Mouse data also suggested Cnrip1 as the best candidate for a relevant role in auditory physiology, and its importance in hearing seems to have remained conserved but the cell type exerting its function might have changed, from hair cells to spiral ganglion neurons.
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4
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Chen C, Ni X, Yin X, Chen H, Zhou Y, Sun H, Qi C, Bu N, Wang S, Yu J, Yang J, Ao W, Zhao B, Dong W. Developmental disorders caused by cefixime in the otic vesicles of zebrafish embryos or larvae. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 255:109295. [PMID: 35134541 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To explore the developmental toxicity of cefixime (CE) in the developmental disorder and toxicity mechanism of CE on otic vesicles, zebrafish embryos were used as an animal model. The results showed that CE increased mortality in a dose-dependent manner and decreased the hatching rate of zebrafish larva at 96 hpf. Interestingly, CE significantly reduced the area of the saccule and utricle, as well as the area of otic vesicles in zebrafish larvae (p < 0.001). Fibroblast growth factor 8a (Fgf8a) inhibitors and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) inhibitors caused similar morphological changes. CE decreased the lateral hair cells of zebrafish larvae in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, CE caused the downregulation of cartilage and bone-related genes and Na+/K+-ATPase-related genes of zebrafish larvae at 72 hpf and 120 hpf according to RT-qPCR. A comparison with the control group revealed that 100 μg/mL CE also caused a decrease in Na+/K+-ATPase activity (p < 0.01). In addition, antibody staining verified that CE inhibited the expression of Na+/K+-ATPase in the otic vesicles and the nephridium of zebrafish larvae. The data obtained in this study suggested that CE has significant ototoxicity during embryonic development of zebrafish, which is closely related to Na+/K+-ATPase and the regulation of the Fgf8a/BMP signaling pathways. The effects and toxicity of CE on ear development in other animal models need to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobao Chen
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Xuan Ni
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yin
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Yini Zhou
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Huiying Sun
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Chelimuge Qi
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Nini Bu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Shuaiyu Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Jingfeng Yang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Wuliji Ao
- Inner Mongolia Research Institute of Traditional Mongolian Medicine Engineering Technology/College of Mongolian Medicine and Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Baoquan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Wu Dong
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China.
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5
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Knockout of mafba Causes Inner-Ear Developmental Defects in Zebrafish via the Impairment of Proliferation and Differentiation of Ionocyte Progenitor Cells. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111699. [PMID: 34829928 PMCID: PMC8616026 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish is an excellent model for exploring the development of the inner ear. Its inner ear has similar functions to that of humans, specifically in the maintenance of hearing and balance. Mafba is a component of the Maf transcription factor family. It participates in multiple biological processes, but its role in inner-ear development remains poorly understood. In this study, we constructed a mafba knockout (mafba−/−) zebrafish model using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The mafba−/− mutant inner ear displayed severe impairments, such as enlarged otocysts, smaller or absent otoliths, and insensitivity to sound stimulation. The proliferation of p63+ epidermal stem cells and dlc+ ionocyte progenitors was inhibited in mafba−/− mutants. Moreover, the results showed that mafba deletion induces the apoptosis of differentiated K+-ATPase-rich (NR) cells and H+-ATPase-rich (HR) cells. The activation of p53 apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest resulted from DNA damage in the inner-ear region, providing a mechanism to account for the inner ear deficiencies. The loss of homeostasis resulting from disorders of ionocyte progenitors resulted in structural defects in the inner ear and, consequently, loss of hearing. In conclusion, the present study elucidated the function of ionic channel homeostasis and inner-ear development using a zebrafish Mafba model and clarified the possible physiological roles.
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6
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Mackowetzky K, Yoon KH, Mackowetzky EJ, Waskiewicz AJ. Development and evolution of the vestibular apparatuses of the inner ear. J Anat 2021; 239:801-828. [PMID: 34047378 PMCID: PMC8450482 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate inner ear is a labyrinthine sensory organ responsible for perceiving sound and body motion. While a great deal of research has been invested in understanding the auditory system, a growing body of work has begun to delineate the complex developmental program behind the apparatuses of the inner ear involved with vestibular function. These animal studies have helped identify genes involved in inner ear development and model syndromes known to include vestibular dysfunction, paving the way for generating treatments for people suffering from these disorders. This review will provide an overview of known inner ear anatomy and function and summarize the exciting discoveries behind inner ear development and the evolution of its vestibular apparatuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacey Mackowetzky
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Kevin H. Yoon
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | | | - Andrew J. Waskiewicz
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
- Women & Children’s Health Research InstituteUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
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7
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Zhao F, Cao F, Li H, Teng M, Liang Y, Qiu L. The effects of a short-term exposure to propiconazole in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:38212-38220. [PMID: 32623674 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09968-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Propiconazole (PCZ) is a widely used fungicide around the world and was frequently detected in surface waters, which would pose risk to aquatic organisms. Previous studies indicated that PCZ has high toxicity to different kinds of fish. However, most of the studies focus on the toxicity and mechanisms of PCZ to adult fish, the potential toxicity mechanism of PCZ to fish embryos is still poorly understood. The present study investigated the effects of PCZ on content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA); activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and Na+-K+-ATPase; and expression level of genes related to oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and innate immune system in zebrafish embryos after 96-h exposure. The results showed that 5.0 mg/L PCZ induced oxidative damage in zebrafish embryos, as indicated by increased ROS and MDA content and alteration of antioxidative enzyme activity. The activity of Na+-K+-ATPase in zebrafish embryos was significantly inhibited after exposure to 0.5 mg/L PCZ. The expression levels of bax, p53, casp-3, casp-9, and apaf-1 were significantly increased, indicating that cell apoptosis was caused in embryos by 5.0 mg/L PCZ. The expression level of interleukin-1b (IL-1b) and IL-8 increased after exposure to 0.5 mg/L PCZ, but that of IL-1b, IL-8, and cxcl-c1c (chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 18b) decreased in 5.0-mg/L PCZ treatment group, indicating an immunotoxicity effect. Our results suggest that oxidative damage, cell apoptosis, and immunotoxicity would be induced in zebrafish embryos after short-term exposure to PCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fangjie Cao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Miaomiao Teng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lihong Qiu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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8
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Yao Q, Wang L, Mittal R, Yan D, Richmond MT, Denyer S, Requena T, Liu K, Varshney GK, Lu Z, Liu XZ. Transcriptomic Analyses of Inner Ear Sensory Epithelia in Zebrafish. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:527-543. [PMID: 31883312 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of gene expression has the potential to assist in the understanding of multiple cellular processes including proliferation, cell-fate specification, senesence, and activity in both healthy and disease states. Zebrafish model has been increasingly used to understand the process of hearing and the development of the vertebrate auditory system. Within the zebrafish inner ear, there are three otolith organs, each containing a sensory macula of hair cells. The saccular macula is primarily involved in hearing, the utricular macula is primarily involved in balance and the function of the lagenar macula is not completely understood. The goal of this study is to understand the transcriptional differences in the sensory macula associated with different otolith organs with the intention of understanding the genetic mechanisms responsible for the distinct role each organ plays in sensory perception. The sensory maculae of the saccule, utricle, and lagena were dissected out of adult Et(krt4:GFP)sqet4 zebrafish expressing green fluorescent protein in hair cells for transcriptional analysis. The total RNAs of the maculae were isolated and analyzed by RNA GeneChip microarray. Several of the differentially expressed genes are known to be involved in deafness, otolith development and balance. Gene expression among these otolith organs was very well conserved with less than 10% of genes showing differential expression. Data from this study will help to elucidate which genes are involved in hearing and balance. Furthermore, the findings of this study will assist in the development of the zebrafish model for human hearing and balance disorders. Anat Rec, 303:527-543, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Department of Biology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Lingyu Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Denise Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Steven Denyer
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Teresa Requena
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Kaili Liu
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Gaurav K Varshney
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Zhongmin Lu
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Xue Zhong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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9
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Mosaliganti KR, Swinburne IA, Chan CU, Obholzer ND, Green AA, Tanksale S, Mahadevan L, Megason SG. Size control of the inner ear via hydraulic feedback. eLife 2019; 8:39596. [PMID: 31571582 PMCID: PMC6773445 DOI: 10.7554/elife.39596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals make organs of precise size, shape, and symmetry but how developing embryos do this is largely unknown. Here, we combine quantitative imaging, physical theory, and physiological measurement of hydrostatic pressure and fluid transport in zebrafish to study size control of the developing inner ear. We find that fluid accumulation creates hydrostatic pressure in the lumen leading to stress in the epithelium and expansion of the otic vesicle. Pressure, in turn, inhibits fluid transport into the lumen. This negative feedback loop between pressure and transport allows the otic vesicle to change growth rate to control natural or experimentally-induced size variation. Spatiotemporal patterning of contractility modulates pressure-driven strain for regional tissue thinning. Our work connects molecular-driven mechanisms, such as osmotic pressure driven strain and actomyosin tension, to the regulation of tissue morphogenesis via hydraulic feedback to ensure robust control of organ size. Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian A Swinburne
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Chon U Chan
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Nikolaus D Obholzer
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Amelia A Green
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Shreyas Tanksale
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - L Mahadevan
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States.,Kavli Institute for NanoBio Science and Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Sean G Megason
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
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10
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Girotto G, Morgan A, Krishnamoorthy N, Cocca M, Brumat M, Bassani S, La Bianca M, Di Stazio M, Gasparini P. Next Generation Sequencing and Animal Models Reveal SLC9A3R1 as a New Gene Involved in Human Age-Related Hearing Loss. Front Genet 2019; 10:142. [PMID: 30863428 PMCID: PMC6399162 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is the most common sensory impairment in the elderly affecting millions of people worldwide. To shed light on the genetics of ARHL, a large cohort of 464 Italian patients has been deeply characterized at clinical and molecular level. In particular, 46 candidate genes, selected on the basis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), animal models and literature updates, were analyzed by targeted re-sequencing. After filtering and prioritization steps, SLC9A3R1 has been identified as a strong candidate and then validated by "in vitro" and "in vivo" studies. Briefly, a rare (MAF: 2.886e-5) missense variant c.539G > A, p.(R180Q) was detected in two unrelated male patients affected by ARHL characterized by a severe to profound high-frequency hearing loss. The variant, predicted as damaging, was not present in healthy matched controls. Protein modeling confirmed the pathogenic effect of p.(R180Q) variant on protein's structure leading to a change in the total number of hydrogen bonds. In situ hybridization showed slc9a3r1 expression in zebrafish inner ear. A zebrafish knock-in model, generated by CRISPR-Cas9 technology, revealed a reduced auditory response at all frequencies in slc9a3r1 R180Q/R180Q mutants compared to slc9a3r1 +/+ and slc9a3r1 +/R180Q animals. Moreover, a significant reduction (5.8%) in the total volume of the saccular otolith (which is responsible for sound detection) was observed in slc9a3r1 R180Q/R180Q compared to slc9a3r1 +/+ (P = 0.0014), while the utricular otolith, necessary for balance, was not affected in agreement with the human phenotype. Overall, these data strongly support the role of SLC9A3R1 gene in the pathogenesis of ARHL opening new perspectives in terms of diagnosis, prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Girotto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Anna Morgan
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Navaneethakrishnan Krishnamoorthy
- Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar.,Heart Science Centre, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Massimiliano Cocca
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Brumat
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Sissy Bassani
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Martina La Bianca
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Di Stazio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Gasparini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
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11
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Thomas ORB, Swearer SE, Kapp EA, Peng P, Tonkin‐Hill GQ, Papenfuss A, Roberts A, Bernard P, Roberts BR. The inner ear proteome of fish. FEBS J 2018; 286:66-81. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen E. Swearer
- School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia
| | - Eugene A. Kapp
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health The University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville Vic. Australia
| | - Po Peng
- School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia
| | - Gerry Q. Tonkin‐Hill
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville Vic. Australia
| | - Anthony Papenfuss
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville Vic. Australia
| | - Anne Roberts
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health The University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia
| | - Pascal Bernard
- School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia
| | - Blaine R. Roberts
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health The University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia
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12
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Li X, Song G, Zhao Y, Zhao F, Liu C, Liu D, Li Q, Cui Z. Claudin7b is required for the formation and function of inner ear in zebrafish. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3195-3206. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology; Institute of Hydrobiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Guili Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology; Institute of Hydrobiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan China
| | - Yasong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology; Institute of Hydrobiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Biology; Southern University of Science and Technology; Shenzhen China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology; Institute of Hydrobiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Biology; Southern University of Science and Technology; Shenzhen China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology; Institute of Hydrobiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan China
| | - Zongbin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology; Institute of Hydrobiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan China
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13
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Hatzold J, Beleggia F, Herzig H, Altmüller J, Nürnberg P, Bloch W, Wollnik B, Hammerschmidt M. Tumor suppression in basal keratinocytes via dual non-cell-autonomous functions of a Na,K-ATPase beta subunit. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27240166 PMCID: PMC4973367 DOI: 10.7554/elife.14277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular pathways underlying tumor suppression are incompletely understood. Here, we identify cooperative non-cell-autonomous functions of a single gene that together provide a novel mechanism of tumor suppression in basal keratinocytes of zebrafish embryos. A loss-of-function mutation in atp1b1a, encoding the beta subunit of a Na,K-ATPase pump, causes edema and epidermal malignancy. Strikingly, basal cell carcinogenesis only occurs when Atp1b1a function is compromised in both the overlying periderm (resulting in compromised epithelial polarity and adhesiveness) and in kidney and heart (resulting in hypotonic stress). Blockade of the ensuing PI3K-AKT-mTORC1-NFκB-MMP9 pathway activation in basal cells, as well as systemic isotonicity, prevents malignant transformation. Our results identify hypotonic stress as a (previously unrecognized) contributor to tumor development and establish a novel paradigm of tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hatzold
- Institute for Zoology, Developmental Biology Unit, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Filippo Beleggia
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hannah Herzig
- Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd Wollnik
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Hammerschmidt
- Institute for Zoology, Developmental Biology Unit, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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14
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Molecular and functional characterization of seven Na+/K+-ATPase β subunit paralogs in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 182:14-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Lundberg YW, Xu Y, Thiessen KD, Kramer KL. Mechanisms of otoconia and otolith development. Dev Dyn 2014; 244:239-53. [PMID: 25255879 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Otoconia are bio-crystals that couple mechanic forces to the sensory hair cells in the utricle and saccule, a process essential for us to sense linear acceleration and gravity for the purpose of maintaining bodily balance. In fish, structurally similar bio-crystals called otoliths mediate both balance and hearing. Otoconia abnormalities are common and can cause vertigo and imbalance in humans. However, the molecular etiology of these illnesses is unknown, as investigators have only begun to identify genes important for otoconia formation in recent years. RESULTS To date, in-depth studies of selected mouse otoconial proteins have been performed, and about 75 zebrafish genes have been identified to be important for otolith development. CONCLUSIONS This review will summarize recent findings as well as compare otoconia and otolith development. It will provide an updated brief review of otoconial proteins along with an overview of the cells and cellular processes involved. While continued efforts are needed to thoroughly understand the molecular mechanisms underlying otoconia and otolith development, it is clear that the process involves a series of temporally and spatially specific events that are tightly coordinated by numerous proteins. Such knowledge will serve as the foundation to uncover the molecular causes of human otoconia-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Wang Lundberg
- Vestibular Genetics Laboratory, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, Nebraska
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16
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Lundberg YW, Xu Y, Thiessen KD, Kramer KL. Mechanisms of otoconia and otolith development. Dev Dyn 2014. [PMID: 25255879 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24195(2014)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Otoconia are bio-crystals that couple mechanic forces to the sensory hair cells in the utricle and saccule, a process essential for us to sense linear acceleration and gravity for the purpose of maintaining bodily balance. In fish, structurally similar bio-crystals called otoliths mediate both balance and hearing. Otoconia abnormalities are common and can cause vertigo and imbalance in humans. However, the molecular etiology of these illnesses is unknown, as investigators have only begun to identify genes important for otoconia formation in recent years. RESULTS To date, in-depth studies of selected mouse otoconial proteins have been performed, and about 75 zebrafish genes have been identified to be important for otolith development. CONCLUSIONS This review will summarize recent findings as well as compare otoconia and otolith development. It will provide an updated brief review of otoconial proteins along with an overview of the cells and cellular processes involved. While continued efforts are needed to thoroughly understand the molecular mechanisms underlying otoconia and otolith development, it is clear that the process involves a series of temporally and spatially specific events that are tightly coordinated by numerous proteins. Such knowledge will serve as the foundation to uncover the molecular causes of human otoconia-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Wang Lundberg
- Vestibular Genetics Laboratory, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, Nebraska
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17
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Sang Q, Zhang J, Feng R, Wang X, Li Q, Zhao X, Xing Q, Chen W, Du J, Sun S, Chai R, Liu D, Jin L, He L, Li H, Wang L. Ildr1b is essential for semicircular canal development, migration of the posterior lateral line primordium and hearing ability in zebrafish: implications for a role in the recessive hearing impairment DFNB42. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:6201-11. [PMID: 24990150 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin-like domain containing receptor 1 (ILDR1) is a poorly characterized gene that was first identified in lymphoma cells. Recently, ILDR1 has been found to be responsible for autosomal recessive hearing impairment DFNB42. Patients with ILDR1 mutations cause bilateral non-progressive moderate-to-profound sensorineural hearing impairment. However, the etiology and mechanism of ILDR1-related hearing loss remains to be elucidated. In order to uncover the pathology of DFNB42 deafness, we used the morpholino injection technique to establish an ildr1b-morphant zebrafish model. Ildr1b-morphant zebrafish displayed defective hearing and imbalanced swimming, and developmental delays were seen in the semicircular canals of the inner ear. The gene expression profile and real-time PCR revealed down-regulation of atp1b2b (encoding Na(+)/K(+) transporting, beta 2b polypeptide) in ildr1b-morphant zebrafish. We found that injection of atp1b2b mRNA into ildr1b-knockdown zebrafish could rescue the phenotype of developmental delay of the semicircular canals. Moreover, ildr1b-morphant zebrafish had reduced numbers of lateral line neuromasts due to the disruption of lateral line primordium migration. In situ hybridization showed the involvement of attenuated FGF signaling and the chemokine receptor 4b (cxcr4b) and chemokine receptor 7b (cxcr7b) in posterior lateral line primordium of ildr1b-morphant zebrafish. We concluded that Ildr1b is crucial for the development of the inner ear and the lateral line system. This study provides the first evidence for the mechanism of Ildr1b on hearing in vivo and sheds light on the pathology of DFNB42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, No 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Junyu Zhang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, No 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Ruizhi Feng
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, No 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Xu Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiaoli Li
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, No 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Xinzhi Zhao
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, No 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Qinghe Xing
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, No 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Weiyu Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Jiulin Du
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Shan Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China and
| | - Dong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Lin He
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, No 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China, Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Huawei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai 200031, PR China,
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, No 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China,
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18
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Annotation of loci from genome-wide association studies using tissue-specific quantitative interaction proteomics. Nat Methods 2014; 11:868-74. [PMID: 24952909 PMCID: PMC4117722 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified thousands of loci associated wtih complex traits, but it is challenging to pinpoint causal genes in these loci and to exploit subtle association signals. We used tissue-specific quantitative interaction proteomics to map a network of five genes involved in the Mendelian disorder long QT syndrome (LQTS). We integrated the LQTS network with GWAS loci from the corresponding common complex trait, QT interval variation, to identify candidate genes that were subsequently confirmed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and zebrafish. We used the LQTS protein network to filter weak GWAS signals by identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in proximity to genes in the network supported by strong proteomic evidence. Three SNPs passing this filter reached genome-wide significance after replication genotyping. Overall, we present a general strategy to propose candidates in GWAS loci for functional studies and to systematically filter subtle association signals using tissue-specific quantitative interaction proteomics.
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19
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Geng FS, Abbas L, Baxendale S, Holdsworth CJ, Swanson AG, Slanchev K, Hammerschmidt M, Topczewski J, Whitfield TT. Semicircular canal morphogenesis in the zebrafish inner ear requires the function of gpr126 (lauscher), an adhesion class G protein-coupled receptor gene. Development 2013; 140:4362-74. [PMID: 24067352 PMCID: PMC4007713 DOI: 10.1242/dev.098061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Morphogenesis of the semicircular canal ducts in the vertebrate inner ear is a dramatic example of epithelial remodelling in the embryo, and failure of normal canal development results in vestibular dysfunction. In zebrafish and Xenopus, semicircular canal ducts develop when projections of epithelium, driven by extracellular matrix production, push into the otic vesicle and fuse to form pillars. We show that in the zebrafish, extracellular matrix gene expression is high during projection outgrowth and then rapidly downregulated after fusion. Enzymatic disruption of hyaluronan in the projections leads to their collapse and a failure to form pillars: as a result, the ears swell. We have cloned a zebrafish mutant, lauscher (lau), identified by its swollen ear phenotype. The primary defect in the ear is abnormal projection outgrowth and a failure of fusion to form the semicircular canal pillars. Otic expression of extracellular matrix components is highly disrupted: several genes fail to become downregulated and remain expressed at abnormally high levels into late larval stages. The lau mutations disrupt gpr126, an adhesion class G protein-coupled receptor gene. Expression of gpr126 is similar to that of sox10, an ear and neural crest marker, and is partially dependent on sox10 activity. Fusion of canal projections and downregulation of otic versican expression in a hypomorphic lau allele can be restored by cAMP agonists. We propose that Gpr126 acts through a cAMP-mediated pathway to control the outgrowth and adhesion of canal projections in the zebrafish ear via the regulation of extracellular matrix gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Suo Geng
- MRC Centre for Developmental and Biomedical Genetics and Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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20
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Rothschild SC, Lahvic J, Francescatto L, McLeod JJA, Burgess SM, Tombes RM. CaMK-II activation is essential for zebrafish inner ear development and acts through Delta-Notch signaling. Dev Biol 2013; 381:179-88. [PMID: 23747599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish inner ear development is characterized by the crystallization of otoliths onto immotile kinocilia that protrude from sensory "hair" cells. The stereotypical formation of these sensory structures is dependent on the expression of key patterning genes and on Ca2+ signals. One potential target of Ca2+ signaling in the inner ear is the type II Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK-II), which is preferentially activated in hair cells, with intense activation at the base of kinocilia. In zebrafish, CaMK-II is encoded by seven genes; the expression of one of these genes (camk2g1) is enriched in hair cells. The suppression of camk2g1 expression by antisense morpholino oligonucleotides or inhibition of CaMK-II activation by the pharmacological antagonist, KN-93, results in aberrant otolith formation without preventing cilia formation. In fact, CaMK-II suppression results in additional ciliated hair cells and altered levels of Delta-Notch signaling members. DeltaA and deltaD transcripts are increased and DeltaD protein accumulates in hair cells of CaMK-II morphants, indicative of defective recycling and/or exocytosis. Our findings indicate that CaMK-II plays a critical role in the developing ear, influencing cell differentiation through extranuclear effects on Delta-Notch signaling. Continued expression and activation of CaMK-II in maculae and cristae in older embryos suggests continued roles in auditory sensory maturation and transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Rothschild
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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21
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Horn ER, El-Yamany NA, Gradl D. The vestibuloocular reflex of tadpoles (Xenopus laevis) after knock-down of the isthmus related transcription factor XTcf-4. J Exp Biol 2012; 216:733-41. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.079319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Development of the amphibian vestibular organ is regulated by molecular and neuronal mechanisms and by environmental input. The molecular component includes inductive signals derived from neural tissue of the hindbrain and from the surrounding mesoderm. The integrity of hindbrain patterning, on the other hand, depends on instructive signals from the isthmus organizer of the midbrain including the transcription factor XTcf-4. If the development of the vestibular system depends on the integrity of the isthmus as organizing centre, suppression of isthmus maintenance should modify vestibular morphology and function. We tested this hypothesis by down-regulation of the transcription factor XTcf-4. 10 pMol XTcf-4-specific antisense morpholino oligonucleotide were injected in one blastomere of 2-cell stage embryos of Xenopus laevis. For reconstitution experiments, 500 pg mRNA of the repressing XTcf-4A isoform or the activating XTcf-4C isoform were co-injected. Over-expression experiments were included using the same isoforms. Otoconia formation and vestibular controlled behaviour such as the roll-induced vestibuloocular reflex (rVOR) and swimming were recorded two weeks later. In 50% of tadpoles, down-regulation of XTcf-4 induced (1) a depression of otoconia formation accompanied by a reduction of the rVOR, (2) abnormal tail development, and (3) loop swimming behaviour. (4) All effects were rescued by co-injection of XTcf-4C but not or only partially by XTcf-4A. (5) Over-expression of XTcf-4A caused similar morphological and rVOR modifications as XTcf-4 depletion while over-expression of XTcf-4C had no effect. Because XTcf-4C has been described as essential factor for isthmus development, we postulate that the isthmus is strongly involved in vestibular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eberhard R. Horn
- Zoological Institute, Cell and Developmental Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
| | | | - Dietmar Gradl
- Zoological Institute, Cell and Developmental Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
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22
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Langenbacher AD, Huang J, Chen Y, Chen JN. Sodium pump activity in the yolk syncytial layer regulates zebrafish heart tube morphogenesis. Dev Biol 2011; 362:263-70. [PMID: 22182522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2011] [Revised: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Na(+),K(+) ATPase pumps Na(+) out of and K(+) into the cytosol, maintaining a resting potential that is essential for the function of excitable tissues like cardiac muscle. In addition to its well-characterized physiological role in the heart, Na(+),K(+) ATPase also regulates the morphogenesis of the embryonic zebrafish heart via an as yet unknown mechanism. Here, we describe a novel non-cell autonomous function of Na(+),K(+) ATPase/Atp1a1 in the elongation of the zebrafish heart tube. Embryos lacking Atp1a1 function exhibit abnormal migration behavior of cardiac precursors, defects in the elongation of the heart tube, and a severe reduction in ECM/Fibronectin deposition around the myocardium, despite the presence of normal cell polarity and junctions in the myocardial epithelium prior to the timeframe of heart tube elongation. Interestingly, we found that Atp1a1 is not present in the myocardium at the time when cardiac morphogenesis defects first become apparent, but is expressed in an extra-embryonic tissue, the yolk syncytial layer (YSL), at earlier stages. Knockdown of Atp1a1 activity specifically in the YSL using morpholino oligonucleotides produced heart tube elongation defects like those found in atp1a1 mutants, indicating that Atp1a1 function in the YSL is necessary for heart tube elongation. Furthermore, atp1a1 expression in the YSL was regulated by the homeobox transcription factor mxtx1. Together, these data reveal a new non-cell autonomous role for Atp1a1 in cardiac morphogenesis and establish Na(+),K(+) ATPase as a major player in the genetic pathway by which the YSL regulates embryonic ECM deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Langenbacher
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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23
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Vandenberg LN, Morrie RD, Adams DS. V-ATPase-dependent ectodermal voltage and pH regionalization are required for craniofacial morphogenesis. Dev Dyn 2011; 240:1889-904. [PMID: 21761475 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Using voltage and pH reporter dyes, we have discovered a never-before-seen regionalization of the Xenopus ectoderm, with cell subpopulations delimited by different membrane voltage and pH. We distinguished three courses of bioelectrical activity. Course I is a wave of hyperpolarization that travels across the gastrula. Course II comprises the appearance of patterns that match shape changes and gene expression domains of the developing face; hyperpolarization marks folding epithelium and both hyperpolarized and depolarized regions overlap domains of head patterning genes. In Course III, localized regions of hyperpolarization form at various positions, expand, and disappear. Inhibiting H(+) -transport by the H(+) -V-ATPase causes abnormalities in: (1) the morphology of craniofacial structures; (2) Course II voltage patterns; and (3) patterns of sox9, pax8, slug, mitf, xfz3, otx2, and pax6. We conclude that this bioelectric signal has a role in development of the face. Thus, it exemplifies an important, under-studied mechanism of developmental regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Vandenberg
- The Tufts Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, and Biology Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
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24
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Han Y, Mu Y, Li X, Xu P, Tong J, Liu Z, Ma T, Zeng G, Yang S, Du J, Meng A. Grhl2 deficiency impairs otic development and hearing ability in a zebrafish model of the progressive dominant hearing loss DFNA28. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:3213-26. [PMID: 21610158 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital and progressive hearing impairment is a common distressing disease. The progressive dominant hearing loss DFNA28 in human is associated with a frameshift mutation of Grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2) but its etiology and mechanism remain unknown. Here we report a zebrafish grhl2b(T086) mutant line in which grhl2b expression is interrupted by an insertion of a Tol2 transposon element. The mutants exhibit enlarged otocysts, smaller or eliminated otoliths, malformed semicircular canals, insensitiveness to sound stimulation and imbalanced swimming motion. Since grainyhead-like family members can regulate epithelial adhesion, we examined the expression of some genes encoding junction proteins in mutants. We show that the expression of claudin b (cldnb) and epcam is abolished or dramatically reduced and apical junctional complexes are abnormal in otic epithelial cells of mutant embryos. Co-injection of cldnb and epcam mRNA could largely rescue the mutant phenotype. Injection of human wild-type GRHL2 mRNA but not the mutant GRHL2 mRNA derived from DFNA28 patients into grhl2b(T086) mutant embryos could rescue the inner-ear defects. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Grhl2b directly binds to the enhancers and promotes the expression of cldnb and epcam. Thus, this work reveals an evolutionarily conserved function of Grhl2 in otic development and provides a fish model for further studying mechanisms of Grhl2-related hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Han
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory of Tsinghua University, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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25
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Wu D, Freund JB, Fraser SE, Vermot J. Mechanistic basis of otolith formation during teleost inner ear development. Dev Cell 2011; 20:271-8. [PMID: 21316594 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Otoliths, which are connected to stereociliary bundles in the inner ear, serve as inertial sensors for balance. In teleostei, otolith development is critically dependent on flow forces generated by beating cilia; however, the mechanism by which flow controls otolith formation remains unclear. Here, we have developed a noninvasive flow probe using optical tweezers and a viscous flow model in order to demonstrate how the observed hydrodynamics influence otolith assembly. We show that rotational flow stirs and suppresses precursor agglomeration in the core of the cilia-driven vortex. The velocity field correlates with the shape of the otolith and we provide evidence that hydrodynamics is actively involved in controlling otolith morphogenesis. An implication of this hydrodynamic effect is that otolith self-assembly is mediated by the balance between Brownian motion and cilia-driven flow. More generally, this flow feature highlights an alternative biological strategy for controlling particle localization in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wu
- Biological Imaging Center, Beckman Institute, Option in Bioengineering, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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26
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Gibert Y, Sassi-Messai S, Fini JB, Bernard L, Zalko D, Cravedi JP, Balaguer P, Andersson-Lendahl M, Demeneix B, Laudet V. Bisphenol A induces otolith malformations during vertebrate embryogenesis. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2011; 11:4. [PMID: 21269433 PMCID: PMC3040707 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-11-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background The plastic monomer and plasticizer bisphenol A (BPA), used for manufacturing polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins, is produced at over 2.5 million metric tons per year. Concerns have been raised that BPA acts as an endocrine disruptor on both developmental and reproductive processes and a large body of evidence suggests that BPA interferes with estrogen and thyroid hormone signaling. Here, we investigated BPA effects during embryonic development using the zebrafish and Xenopus models. Results We report that BPA exposure leads to severe malformations of the otic vesicle. In zebrafish and in Xenopus embryos, exposure to BPA during the first developmental day resulted in dose-dependent defects in otolith formation. Defects included aggregation, multiplication and occasionally failure to form otoliths. As no effects on otolith development were seen with exposure to micromolar concentrations of thyroid hormone, 17-ß-estradiol or of the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780 we conclude that the effects of BPA are independent of estrogen receptors or thyroid-hormone receptors. Na+/K+ ATPases are crucial for otolith formation in zebrafish. Pharmacological inhibition of the major Na+/K+ ATPase with ouabain can rescue the BPA-induced otolith phenotype. Conclusions The data suggest that the spectrum of BPA action is wider than previously expected and argue for a systematic survey of the developmental effects of this endocrine disruptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Gibert
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon; Université de Lyon; Université Lyon 1; CNRS; INRA; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
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Goodyear RJ, Legan PK, Christiansen JR, Xia B, Korchagina J, Gale JE, Warchol ME, Corwin JT, Richardson GP. Identification of the hair cell soma-1 antigen, HCS-1, as otoferlin. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2010; 11:573-86. [PMID: 20809368 PMCID: PMC2975885 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-010-0231-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair cells, the mechanosensitive receptor cells of the inner ear, are critical for our senses of hearing and balance. The small number of these receptor cells in the inner ear has impeded the identification and characterization of proteins important for hair cell function. The binding specificity of monoclonal antibodies provides a means for identifying hair cell-specific proteins and isolating them for further study. We have generated a monoclonal antibody, termed hair cell soma-1 (HCS-1), which specifically immunolabels hair cells in at least five vertebrate classes, including sharks and rays, bony fish, amphibians, birds, and mammals. We used HCS-1 to immunoprecipitate the cognate antigen and identified it as otoferlin, a member of the ferlin protein family. Mutations in otoferlin underlie DFNB9, a recessive, nonsyndromic form of prelingual deafness characterized as an auditory neuropathy. Using immunocytochemistry, we find that otoferlin is associated with the entire basolateral membrane of the hair cells and with vesicular structures distributed throughout most of the hair cell cytoplasm. Biochemical assays indicate that otoferlin is tightly associated with membranes, as it is not solubilized by alterations in calcium or salt concentrations. HCS-1 immunolabeling does not co-localize with ribeye, a constituent of synaptic ribbons, suggesting that otoferlin may, in addition to its proposed function in synaptic vesicle release, play additional roles in hair cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Goodyear
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK.
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28
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Huss D, Navaluri R, Faulkner KF, Dickman JD. Development of otolith receptors in Japanese quail. Dev Neurobiol 2010; 70:436-55. [PMID: 20155736 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.20787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the morphological development of the otolith vestibular receptors in quail. Here, we describe epithelial growth, hair cell density, stereocilia polarization, and afferent nerve innervation during development. The otolith maculae epithelial areas increased exponentially throughout embryonic development reaching asymptotic values near posthatch day P7. Increases in hair cell density were dependent upon macular location; striolar hair cells developed first followed by hair cells in extrastriola regions. Stereocilia polarization was initiated early, with defining reversal zones forming at E8. Less than half of all immature hair cells observed had nonpolarized internal kinocilia with the remaining exhibiting planar polarity. Immunohistochemistry and neural tracing techniques were employed to examine the shape and location of the striolar regions. Initial innervation of the maculae was by small fibers with terminal growth cones at E6, followed by collateral branches with apparent bouton terminals at E8. Calyceal terminal formation began at E10; however, no mature calyces were observed until E12, when all fibers appeared to be dimorphs. Calyx afferents innervating only Type I hair cells did not develop until E14. Finally, the topographic organization of afferent macular innervation in the adult quail utricle was quantified. Calyx and dimorph afferents were primarily confined to the striolar regions, while bouton fibers were located in the extrastriola and Type II band. Calyx fibers were the least complex, followed by dimorph units. Bouton fibers had large innervation fields, with arborous branches and many terminal boutons.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Huss
- Department of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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29
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Liu J, Xie ZJ. The sodium pump and cardiotonic steroids-induced signal transduction protein kinases and calcium-signaling microdomain in regulation of transporter trafficking. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2010; 1802:1237-45. [PMID: 20144708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Na/K-ATPase was discovered as an energy transducing ion pump. A major difference between the Na/K-ATPase and other P-type ATPases is its ability to bind a group of chemicals called cardiotonic steroids (CTS). The plant-derived CTS such as digoxin are valuable drugs for the management of cardiac diseases, whereas ouabain and marinobufagenin (MBG) have been identified as a new class of endogenous hormones. Recent studies have demonstrated that the endogenous CTS are important regulators of renal Na(+) excretion and blood pressure. The Na/K-ATPase is not only an ion pump, but also an important receptor that can transduce the ligand-like effect of CTS on intracellular protein kinases and Ca(2+) signaling. Significantly, these CTS-provoked signaling events are capable of reducing the surface expression of apical NHE3 (Na/H exchanger isoform 3) and basolateral Na/K-ATPase in renal proximal tubular cells. These findings suggest that endogenous CTS may play an important role in regulation of tubular Na(+) excretion under physiological conditions; conversely, a defect at either the receptor level (Na/K-ATPase) or receptor-effector coupling would reduce the ability of renal proximal tubular cells to excrete Na(+), thus culminating/resulting in salt-sensitive hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
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30
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Abbas L, Whitfield TT. The zebrafish inner ear. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1546-5098(10)02904-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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Clendenon SG, Shah B, Miller CA, Schmeisser G, Walter A, Gattone VH, Barald KF, Liu Q, Marrs JA. Cadherin-11 controls otolith assembly: evidence for extracellular cadherin activity. Dev Dyn 2009; 238:1909-22. [PMID: 19582870 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadherin-11/Cdh11 is expressed through early development and strongly during inner ear development (otic placode and vesicle). Here we show that antisense knockdown of Cdh11 during early zebrafish development interferes with otolith formation. Immunofluorescence labeling showed that Cdh11 expression was concentrated on and within the otolith. Cdh11 was faintly detected at the lateral surface (sites of cell-cell contact) of otic epithelial cells and in the cytoplasm. Strongly labeled Cdh11 containing puncta were detected within the otolymph (the fluid within the otic vesicle) and associated with the otolith surface. BODIPY-ceramine-labeled vesicular structures detected in the otolymph were larger and more numerous in Cdh11 knockdown embryos. We present evidence supporting a working model that vesicular structures containing Cdh11 (perhaps containing biomineralization components) are exported from the otic epithelium into the otolymph, adhere to one another and to the surface of the growing otolith, facilitating otolith growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry G Clendenon
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-5130, USA
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Abbas L, Whitfield TT. Nkcc1 (Slc12a2) is required for the regulation of endolymph volume in the otic vesicle and swim bladder volume in the zebrafish larva. Development 2009; 136:2837-48. [PMID: 19633174 DOI: 10.1242/dev.034215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Endolymph is the specialised extracellular fluid present inside the inner ear. In mammals, disruptions to endolymph homeostasis can result in either collapse or distension of the endolymphatic compartment in the cochlea, with concomitant hearing loss. The zebrafish little ears (lte) mutant shows a collapse of the otic vesicle in the larva, apparently owing to a loss of endolymphatic fluid in the ear, together with an over-inflation of the swim bladder. Mutant larvae display signs of abnormal vestibular function by circling and swimming upside down. The two available alleles of lte are homozygous lethal: mutant larvae fail to thrive beyond 6 days post-fertilisation. Patterning of the otic vesicle is apparently normal. However, the expression of several genes thought to play a role in endolymph production is downregulated, including the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter gene nkcc1 (slc12a2) and several Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase channel subunit genes. We show here that lte mutations correspond to lesions in nkcc1. Each allele has a point mutation that disrupts splicing, leading to frame shifts in the coding region that predict the generation of truncated products. Endolymph collapse in the lte/nkcc1 mutant shows distinct parallels to that seen in mouse Nkcc1 mutants, validating zebrafish as a model for the study of endolymph disorders. The collapse in ear volume can be ameliorated in the to27d allele of lte by injection of a morpholino that blocks splicing at an ectopic site introduced by the mutation. This exemplifies the use of morpholinos as potential therapeutic agents for genetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Abbas
- MRC Centre for Developmental and Biomedical Genetics and Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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33
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Krupinski T, Beitel GJ. Unexpected roles of the Na-K-ATPase and other ion transporters in cell junctions and tubulogenesis. Physiology (Bethesda) 2009; 24:192-201. [PMID: 19509129 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00008.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work shows that transport-independent as well as transport-dependent functions of ion transporters, and in particular the Na-K-ATPase, are required for formation and maintenance of several intercellular junctions. Furthermore, these junctional and other nonjunctional functions of ion transporters contribute to development of epithelial tubes. Here, we consider what has been learned about the roles of ion pumps in formation of junctions and epithelial tubes in mammals, zebrafish, Drosophila, and C. elegans. We propose that asymmetric association of the Na-K-ATPase with cell junctions early in metazoan evolution enabled vectorial transcellular ion transport and control of intraorganismal environment. Ion transport-independent functions of the Na-K-ATPase arose as junctional complexes evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Krupinski
- Department of Biochemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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34
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Petko JA, Kabbani N, Frey C, Woll M, Hickey K, Craig M, Canfield VA, Levenson R. Proteomic and functional analysis of NCS-1 binding proteins reveals novel signaling pathways required for inner ear development in zebrafish. BMC Neurosci 2009; 10:27. [PMID: 19320994 PMCID: PMC2679751 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-10-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The semicircular canals, a subdivision of the vestibular system of the vertebrate inner ear, function as sensors of angular acceleration. Little is currently known, however, regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms that govern the development of this intricate structure. Zebrafish represent a particularly tractable model system for the study of inner ear development. This is because the ear can be easily visualized during early embryogenesis, and both forward and reverse genetic techniques are available that can be applied to the discovery of novel genes that contribute to proper ear development. We have previously shown that in zebrafish, the calcium sensing molecule neuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS-1) is required for semicircular canal formation. The function of NCS-1 in regulating semicircular canal formation has not yet been elucidated. RESULTS We initiated a multistep functional proteomic strategy to identify neuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS-1) binding partners (NBPs) that contribute to inner ear development in zebrafish. By performing a Y2H screen in combination with literature and database searches, we identified 10 human NBPs. BLAST searches of the zebrafish EST and genomic databases allowed us to clone zebrafish orthologs of each of the human NBPs. By investigating the expression profiles of zebrafish NBP mRNAs, we identified seven that were expressed in the developing inner ear and overlapped with the ncs-1a expression profile. GST pulldown experiments confirmed that selected NBPs interacted with NCS-1, while morpholino-mediated knockdown experiments demonstrated an essential role for arf1, pi4kbeta, dan, and pink1 in semicircular canal formation. CONCLUSION Based on their functional profiles, the hypothesis is presented that Ncs-1a/Pi4kbeta/Arf1 form a signaling pathway that regulates secretion of molecular components, including Dan and Bmp4, that are required for development of the vestibular apparatus. A second set of NBPs, consisting of Pink1, Hint2, and Slc25a25, are destined for localization in mitochondria. Our findings reveal a novel signalling pathway involved in development of the semicircular canal system, and suggest a previously unrecognized role for NCS-1 in mitochondrial function via its association with several mitochondrial proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Petko
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey PA 17033, USA.
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35
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Cruz S, Shiao JC, Liao BK, Huang CJ, Hwang PP. Plasma membrane calcium ATPase required for semicircular canal formation and otolith growth in the zebrafish inner ear. J Exp Biol 2009; 212:639-47. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.022798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Fish otoliths consist of >90% calcium carbonate, the accretion of which depends on acellular endolymph. This study confirms the presence of plasma membrane calcium ATPase 1a isoform (Atp2b1a) in the auditory and vestibular system of a teleost fish. As shown by in situ hybridization,zebrafish atp2b1a is expressed mainly in larval otic placode and lateral-line neuromast as well as in the hair cells within the adult zebrafish inner ear chamber. Zebrafish atp2b1a knockdown by antisense morpholinos reduced the number of hair cells and produced malformation of semicircular canals and smaller otoliths. These defects coincide with unbalanced body orientation. The formation of smaller otoliths in atp2b1a morphants may stem from an impairment of calcium supply in the endolymph. However, otolith formation persists in most morphants,suggesting that other zebrafish Atp2b isoforms or paracellular pathways may also transport calcium into the endolymph. These results suggest that Atp2b1a plays an important role for normal development of the auditory and vestibular system as well as calcium transport in the inner ear of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Cruz
- Institute of Fisheries Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chieh Shiao
- Institute of Oceanography, College of Science, National Taiwan University,Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Kai Liao
- Institute of Fisheries Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Jen Huang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei,Taiwan
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang,Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pung-Pung Hwang
- Institute of Fisheries Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang,Taipei, Taiwan
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Wang L, Sewell WF, Kim SD, Shin JT, MacRae CA, Zon LI, Seidman JG, Seidman CE. Eya4 regulation of Na+/K+-ATPase is required for sensory system development in zebrafish. Development 2008; 135:3425-34. [PMID: 18799547 DOI: 10.1242/dev.012237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the mechanisms by which mutations in the human transcriptional co-activator EYA4 gene cause sensorineural hearing loss that can occur in association with dilated cardiomyopathy, we studied eya4 expression during zebrafish development and characterized eya4 deficiency. eya4 morphant fish embryos had reduced numbers of hair cells in the otic vesicle and lateral line neuromasts with impaired sensory responses. Analyses of candidate genes that are known to be expressed in a temporal and spatial pattern comparable to eya4 focused our analyses on atp1b2b, which encodes the beta2b subunit of the zebrafish Na+/K+-ATPase. We demonstrate atp1b2b levels are reduced in eya4 morphant fish and that morpholino oligonucleotides targeting the atp1b2b gene recapitulated the eya4 deficiency phenotypes, including heart failure, decreased sensory hair cell numbers in the otic vesicle and neuromasts, and abnormal sensory responses. Furthermore, atp1b2b overexpression rescued these phenotypes in eya4 morphant fish. We conclude that eya4 regulation of Na+/K+-ATPase is crucial for the development of mechanosensory cells and the maintenance of cardiac function in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Wang
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Genetics, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Petko JA, Millimaki BB, Canfield VA, Riley BB, Levenson R. Otoc1: a novel otoconin-90 ortholog required for otolith mineralization in zebrafish. Dev Neurobiol 2008; 68:209-22. [PMID: 18000829 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.20587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Within the vestibular system of virtually all vertebrate species, gravity and linear acceleration are detected via coupling of calcified masses to the cilia of mechanosensory hair cells. The mammalian ear contains thousands of minute biomineralized particles called otoconia, whereas the inner ear of teleost fish contains three large ear stones called otoliths that serve a similar function. Otoconia and otoliths are composed of calcium carbonate crystals condensed on a core protein lattice. Otoconin-90 (Oc90) is the major matrix protein of mammalian and avian otoconia, while otolith matrix protein (OMP) is the most abundant matrix protein found in the otoliths of teleost fish. We have identified a novel gene, otoc1, which encodes the zebrafish ortholog of Oc90. Expression of otoc1 was detected in the ear between 15 hpf and 72 hpf, and was restricted primarily to the macula and the developing epithelial pillars of the semicircular canals. Expression of otoc1 was also detected in epiphysis, optic stalk, midbrain, diencephalon, flexural organ, and spinal cord. During embryogenesis, expression of otoc1 mRNA preceded the appearance of omp-1 transcripts. Knockdown of otoc1 mRNA translation with antisense morpholinos produced a variety of aberrant otolith phenotypes. Our results suggest that Otoc1 may serve to nucleate calcium carbonate mineralization of aragonitic otoliths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Petko
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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McWhorter ML, Boon KL, Horan ES, Burghes AH, Beattie CE. The SMN binding protein gemin2 is not involved in motor axon outgrowth. Dev Neurobiol 2008; 68:182-94. [DOI: 10.1002/dneu.20582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zhao X, Yang H, Yamoah EN, Lundberg YW. Gene targeting reveals the role of Oc90 as the essential organizer of the otoconial organic matrix. Dev Biol 2007; 304:508-24. [PMID: 17300776 PMCID: PMC1950278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2006] [Revised: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 01/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A critical part of the functional development of our peripheral balance system is the embryonic formation of otoconia, composite crystals that overlie and provide optimal stimulus input to the sensory epithelium of the gravity receptor in the inner ear. To date neither the functions of otoconial proteins nor the processes of crystal formation are clearly defined. Using gene targeting and protein analysis strategies, we demonstrate that the predominant mammalian otoconin, otoconin-90/95 (Oc90), is essential for formation of the organic matrix of otoconia by specifically recruiting other matrix components, which includes otolin, a novel mammalian otoconin that we identified to be in wildtype murine otoconia. We show that this matrix controls otoconia growth and morphology by embedding the crystallites during seeding and growth. During otoconia development, the organic matrix forms prior to CaCO3 deposition and provides optimal calcification efficiency. Histological and ultrastructural examinations show normal inner ear epithelial morphology but reduced acellular matrices, including otoconial, cupular and tectorial membranes, in Oc90 null mice, likely due to an absence of Oc90 and a profound reduction of otolin. Our data demonstrate the critical roles of otoconins in otoconia seeding, growth and anchoring and suggest mechanistic similarities and differences between otoconia and bone calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhao
- Genetics Department, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE68131, USA
| | - Hua Yang
- Genetics Department, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE68131, USA
| | - Ebenezer N Yamoah
- Center for Neuroscience, Communication Science Program, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Yunxia Wang Lundberg
- Genetics Department, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE68131, USA
- Corresponding author: Yunxia Wang Lundberg, Ph. D., Genetics Department, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE 68131, Ph : 1-402-498-6735, Fax : 1-402-498-6351,
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