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Rani R, Sri NS, Medishetti R, Chatti K, Sevilimedu A. Loss of FMRP affects ovarian development and behaviour through multiple pathways in a zebrafish model of fragile X syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:1391-1405. [PMID: 38710511 PMCID: PMC7616351 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is an inherited neurodevelopmental disorder and the leading genetic cause of autism spectrum disorders. FXS is caused by loss of function mutations in Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), an RNA binding protein that is known to regulate translation of its target mRNAs, predominantly in the brain and gonads. The molecular mechanisms connecting FMRP function to neurodevelopmental phenotypes are well understood. However, neither the full extent of reproductive phenotypes, nor the underlying molecular mechanisms have been as yet determined. Here, we developed new fmr1 knockout zebrafish lines and show that they mimic key aspects of FXS neuronal phenotypes across both larval and adult stages. Results from the fmr1 knockout females also showed that altered gene expression in the brain, via the neuroendocrine pathway contribute to distinct abnormal phenotypes during ovarian development and oocyte maturation. We identified at least three mechanisms underpinning these defects, including altered neuroendocrine signaling in sexually mature females resulting in accelerated ovarian development, altered expression of germ cell and meiosis promoting genes at various stages during oocyte maturation, and finally a strong mitochondrial impairment in late stage oocytes from knockout females. Our findings have implications beyond FXS in the study of reproductive function and female infertility. Dissection of the translation control pathways during ovarian development using models like the knockout lines reported here may reveal novel approaches and targets for fertility treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Rani
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana500046, India
| | - N Sushma Sri
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana500046, India
| | - Raghavender Medishetti
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana500046, India
| | - Kiranam Chatti
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana500046, India
- Center for Rare Disease Models, Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana500046, India
| | - Aarti Sevilimedu
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana500046, India
- Center for Rare Disease Models, Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana500046, India
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2
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Abbasi DA, Berry-Kravis E, Zhao X, Cologna SM. Proteomics insights into fragile X syndrome: Unraveling molecular mechanisms and therapeutic avenues. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 194:106486. [PMID: 38548140 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is a neurodevelopment disorder characterized by cognitive impairment, behavioral challenges, and synaptic abnormalities, with a genetic basis linked to a mutation in the FMR1 (Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1) gene that results in a deficiency or absence of its protein product, Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein (FMRP). In recent years, mass spectrometry (MS) - based proteomics has emerged as a powerful tool to uncover the complex molecular landscape underlying FXS. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the proteomics studies focused on FXS, summarizing key findings with an emphasis on dysregulated proteins associated with FXS. These proteins span a wide range of cellular functions including, but not limited to, synaptic plasticity, RNA translation, and mitochondrial function. The work conducted in these proteomic studies provides a more holistic understanding to the molecular pathways involved in FXS and considerably enhances our knowledge into the synaptic dysfunction seen in FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A Abbasi
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Berry-Kravis
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| | - Stephanie M Cologna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States of America.
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3
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Sun H, Wu M, Wang M, Zhang X, Zhu J. The regulatory role of endoplasmic reticulum chaperone proteins in neurodevelopment. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1032607. [DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1032607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest tubular reticular organelle spanning the cell. As the main site of protein synthesis, Ca2+ homeostasis maintenance and lipid metabolism, the ER plays a variety of essential roles in eukaryotic cells, with ER molecular chaperones participate in all these processes. In recent years, it has been reported that the abnormal expression of ER chaperones often leads to a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including abnormal neuronal migration, neuronal morphogenesis, and synaptic function. Neuronal development is a complex and precisely regulated process. Currently, the mechanism by which neural development is regulated at the ER level remains under investigation. Therefore, in this work, we reviewed the recent advances in the roles of ER chaperones in neural development and developmental disorders caused by the deficiency of these molecular chaperones.
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Buddika K, Xu J, Ariyapala IS, Sokol NS. I-KCKT allows dissection-free RNA profiling of adult Drosophila intestinal progenitor cells. Development 2021; 148:dev196568. [PMID: 33246929 PMCID: PMC7803463 DOI: 10.1242/dev.196568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The adult Drosophila intestinal epithelium is a model system for stem cell biology, but its utility is limited by current biochemical methods that lack cell type resolution. Here, we describe a new proximity-based profiling method that relies upon a GAL4 driver, termed intestinal-kickout-GAL4 (I-KCKT-GAL4), that is exclusively expressed in intestinal progenitor cells. This method uses UV crosslinked whole animal frozen powder as its starting material to immunoprecipitate the RNA cargoes of transgenic epitope-tagged RNA binding proteins driven by I-KCKT-GAL4 When applied to the general mRNA-binder, poly(A)-binding protein, the RNA profile obtained by this method identifies 98.8% of transcripts found after progenitor cell sorting, and has low background noise despite being derived from whole animal lysate. We also mapped the targets of the more selective RNA binder, Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), using enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (eCLIP), and report for the first time its binding motif in Drosophila cells. This method will therefore enable the RNA profiling of wild-type and mutant intestinal progenitor cells from intact flies exposed to normal and altered environments, as well as the identification of RNA-protein interactions crucial for stem cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasun Buddika
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | | | - Nicholas S Sokol
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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5
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Nobile V, Palumbo F, Lanni S, Ghisio V, Vitali A, Castagnola M, Marzano V, Maulucci G, De Angelis C, De Spirito M, Pacini L, D'Andrea L, Ragno R, Stazi G, Valente S, Mai A, Chiurazzi P, Genuardi M, Neri G, Tabolacci E. Altered mitochondrial function in cells carrying a premutation or unmethylated full mutation of the FMR1 gene. Hum Genet 2020; 139:227-245. [PMID: 31919630 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fragile X-related disorders are due to a dynamic mutation of the CGG repeat at the 5' UTR of the FMR1 gene, coding for the RNA-binding protein FMRP. As the CGG sequence expands from premutation (PM, 56-200 CGGs) to full mutation (> 200 CGGs), FMRP synthesis decreases until it is practically abolished in fragile X syndrome (FXS) patients, mainly due to FMR1 methylation. Cells from rare individuals with no intellectual disability and carriers of an unmethylated full mutation (UFM) produce slightly elevated levels of FMR1-mRNA and relatively low levels of FMRP, like in PM carriers. With the aim of clarifying how UFM cells differ from CTRL and FXS cells, a comparative proteomic approach was undertaken, from which emerged an overexpression of SOD2 in UFM cells, also confirmed in PM but not in FXS. The SOD2-mRNA bound to FMRP in UFM more than in the other cell types. The high SOD2 levels in UFM and PM cells correlated with lower levels of superoxide and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and with morphological anomalies and depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane detected through confocal microscopy. The same effect was observed in CTRL and FXS after treatment with MC2791, causing SOD2 overexpression. These mitochondrial phenotypes reverted after knock-down with siRNA against SOD2-mRNA and FMR1-mRNA in UFM and PM. Overall, these data suggest that in PM and UFM carriers, which have high levels of FMR1 transcription and may develop FXTAS, SOD2 overexpression helps to maintain low levels of both superoxide and ROS with signs of mitochondrial degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Nobile
- Istituto di Medicina Genomica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Roma, Italy
| | - Federica Palumbo
- Istituto di Medicina Genomica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Roma, Italy
| | - Stella Lanni
- Program of Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Valentina Ghisio
- UOC Genetica Medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Alberto Vitali
- Institute of Chemistry of Molecular Recognition, CNR, Roma, Italy
- Istituto di Biochimica e Chimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Istituto di Biochimica e Chimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Valeria Marzano
- Istituto di Biochimica e Chimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Human Microbiome Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maulucci
- Istituto di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Claudio De Angelis
- Istituto di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Istituto di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Laura Pacini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- UniCamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura D'Andrea
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Rino Ragno
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Stazi
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Chiurazzi
- Istituto di Medicina Genomica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Roma, Italy
- UOC Genetica Medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Maurizio Genuardi
- Istituto di Medicina Genomica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Roma, Italy
- UOC Genetica Medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Neri
- Istituto di Medicina Genomica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Roma, Italy
- Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - Elisabetta Tabolacci
- Istituto di Medicina Genomica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Roma, Italy.
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6
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Abstract
The eukaryotic group II chaperonin TRiC/CCT assists the folding of 10% of cytosolic proteins including many key structural and regulatory proteins. TRiC plays an essential role in maintaining protein homeostasis, and dysfunction of TRiC is closely related to human diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. TRiC consists of eight paralogous subunits, each of which plays a specific role in the assembly, allosteric cooperativity, and substrate recognition and folding of this complex macromolecular machine. TRiC-mediated substrate folding is regulated through its ATP-driven conformational changes. In recent years, progresses have been made on the structure, subunit arrangement, conformational cycle, and substrate folding of TRiC. Additionally, accumulating evidences also demonstrate the linkage between TRiC oligomer or monomer and diseases. In this review, we focus on the TRiC structure itself, TRiC assisted substrate folding, TRiC and disease, and the potential therapeutic application of TRiC in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Jin
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixuan Liu
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyu Han
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Cong
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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7
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The structure and evolution of eukaryotic chaperonin-containing TCP-1 and its mechanism that folds actin into a protein spring. Biochem J 2018; 475:3009-3034. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Actin is folded to its native state in eukaryotic cytosol by the sequential allosteric mechanism of the chaperonin-containing TCP-1 (CCT). The CCT machine is a double-ring ATPase built from eight related subunits, CCT1–CCT8. Non-native actin interacts with specific subunits and is annealed slowly through sequential binding and hydrolysis of ATP around and across the ring system. CCT releases a folded but soft ATP-G-actin monomer which is trapped 80 kJ/mol uphill on the folding energy surface by its ATP-Mg2+/Ca2+ clasp. The energy landscape can be re-explored in the actin filament, F-actin, because ATP hydrolysis produces dehydrated and more compact ADP-actin monomers which, upon application of force and strain, are opened and closed like the elements of a spring. Actin-based myosin motor systems underpin a multitude of force generation processes in cells and muscles. We propose that the water surface of F-actin acts as a low-binding energy, directional waveguide which is recognized specifically by the myosin lever-arm domain before the system engages to form the tight-binding actomyosin complex. Such a water-mediated recognition process between actin and myosin would enable symmetry breaking through fast, low energy initial binding events. The origin of chaperonins and the subsequent emergence of the CCT–actin system in LECA (last eukaryotic common ancestor) point to the critical role of CCT in facilitating phagocytosis during early eukaryotic evolution and the transition from the bacterial world. The coupling of CCT-folding fluxes to the cell cycle, cell size control networks and cancer are discussed together with directions for further research.
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8
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Lee H, Cho DY, Whitworth C, Eisman R, Phelps M, Roote J, Kaufman T, Cook K, Russell S, Przytycka T, Oliver B. Effects of Gene Dose, Chromatin, and Network Topology on Expression in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006295. [PMID: 27599372 PMCID: PMC5012587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletions, commonly referred to as deficiencies by Drosophila geneticists, are valuable tools for mapping genes and for genetic pathway discovery via dose-dependent suppressor and enhancer screens. More recently, it has become clear that deviations from normal gene dosage are associated with multiple disorders in a range of species including humans. While we are beginning to understand some of the transcriptional effects brought about by gene dosage changes and the chromosome rearrangement breakpoints associated with them, much of this work relies on isolated examples. We have systematically examined deficiencies of the left arm of chromosome 2 and characterize gene-by-gene dosage responses that vary from collapsed expression through modest partial dosage compensation to full or even over compensation. We found negligible long-range effects of creating novel chromosome domains at deletion breakpoints, suggesting that cases of gene regulation due to altered nuclear architecture are rare. These rare cases include trans de-repression when deficiencies delete chromatin characterized as repressive in other studies. Generally, effects of breakpoints on expression are promoter proximal (~100bp) or in the gene body. Effects of deficiencies genome-wide are in genes with regulatory relationships to genes within the deleted segments, highlighting the subtle expression network defects in these sensitized genetic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangnoh Lee
- Section of Developmental Genomics, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Kidney and Digestive Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dong-Yeon Cho
- Computational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cale Whitworth
- Section of Developmental Genomics, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Kidney and Digestive Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Robert Eisman
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Melissa Phelps
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - John Roote
- Department of Genetics and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Kaufman
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Kevin Cook
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Steven Russell
- Department of Genetics and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Przytycka
- Computational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brian Oliver
- Section of Developmental Genomics, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Kidney and Digestive Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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9
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Fmr1 deficiency promotes age-dependent alterations in the cortical synaptic proteome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E4697-706. [PMID: 26307763 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1502258112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe intellectual disability and other symptoms including autism. Although caused by the silencing of a single gene, Fmr1 (fragile X mental retardation 1), the complexity of FXS pathogenesis is amplified because the encoded protein, FMRP, regulates the activity-dependent translation of numerous mRNAs. Although the mRNAs that associate with FMRP have been extensively studied, little is known regarding the proteins whose expression levels are altered, directly or indirectly, by loss of FMRP during brain development. Here we systematically measured protein expression in neocortical synaptic fractions from Fmr1 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice at both adolescent and adult stages. Although hundreds of proteins are up-regulated in the absence of FMRP in young mice, this up-regulation is largely diminished in adulthood. Up-regulated proteins included previously unidentified as well as known targets involved in synapse formation and function and brain development and others linked to intellectual disability and autism. Comparison with putative FMRP target mRNAs and autism susceptibility genes revealed substantial overlap, consistent with the idea that the autism endophenotype of FXS is due to a "multiple hit" effect of FMRP loss, particularly within the PSD95 interactome. Through studies of de novo protein synthesis in primary cortical neurons from KO and WT mice, we found that neurons lacking FMRP produce nascent proteins at higher rates, many of which are synaptic proteins and encoded by FMRP target mRNAs. Our results provide a greatly expanded view of protein changes in FXS and identify age-dependent effects of FMRP in shaping the neuronal proteome.
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10
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Woods AG, Wormwood KL, Wetie AGN, Aslebagh R, Crimmins BS, Holsen TM, Darie CC. Autism spectrum disorder: an omics perspective. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 9:159-68. [PMID: 25311756 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Current directions in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) research may require moving beyond genetic analysis alone, based on the complexity of the disorder, heterogeneity and convergence of genetic alterations at the cellular/functional level. Mass spectrometry (MS) has been increasingly used to study CNS disorders, including ASDs. Proteomic research using MS is directed at understanding endogenous protein changes that occur in ASD. This review focuses on how MS has been used to study ASDs, with particular focus on proteomic analysis. Other neurodevelopmental disorders have been investigated using MS, including fragile X syndrome (FXS) and Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome (SLOS), genetic syndromes highly associated with ASD comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa G Woods
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA; SUNY Plattsburgh Neuropsychology Clinic and Psychoeducation Services, Plattsburgh, NY, USA
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11
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Mass spectrometry for the study of autism and neurodevelopmental disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 806:525-44. [PMID: 24952201 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-06068-2_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has been increasingly used to study central nervous system disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The first studies of ASD using MS focused on the identification of external toxins, but current research is more directed at understanding endogenous protein changes that occur in ASD (ASD proteomics). This chapter focuses on how MS has been used to study ASDs, with particular focus on proteomic analysis. Other neurodevelopmental disorders have been investigated using this technique, including genetic syndromes associated with autism such as fragile X syndrome and Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome.
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12
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Molecular and genetic analysis of the Drosophila model of fragile X syndrome. Results Probl Cell Differ 2012; 54:119-56. [PMID: 22009350 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-21649-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The Drosophila genome contains most genes known to be involved in heritable disease. The extraordinary genetic malleability of Drosophila, coupled to sophisticated imaging, electrophysiology, and behavioral paradigms, has paved the way for insightful mechanistic studies on the causes of developmental and neurological disease as well as many possible interventions. Here, we focus on one of the most advanced examples of Drosophila genetic disease modeling, the Drosophila model of Fragile X Syndrome, which for the past decade has provided key advances into the molecular, cellular, and behavioral defects underlying this devastating disorder. We discuss the multitude of RNAs and proteins that interact with the disease-causing FMR1 gene product, whose function is conserved from Drosophila to human. In turn, we consider FMR1 mechanistic relationships in non-neuronal tissues (germ cells and embryos), peripheral motor and sensory circuits, and central brain circuits involved in circadian clock activity and learning/memory.
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13
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Gatto CL, Broadie K. Drosophila modeling of heritable neurodevelopmental disorders. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2011; 21:834-41. [PMID: 21596554 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heritable neurodevelopmental disorders are multifaceted disease conditions encompassing a wide range of symptoms including intellectual disability, cognitive dysfunction, autism and myriad other behavioral impairments. In cases where single, causative genetic defects have been identified, such as Angelman syndrome, Rett syndrome, Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and Fragile X syndrome, the classical Drosophila genetic system has provided fruitful disease models. Recent Drosophila studies have advanced our understanding of UBE3A, MECP2, NF1 and FMR1 function, respectively, in genetic, biochemical, anatomical, physiological and behavioral contexts. Investigations in Drosophila continue to provide the essential mechanistic understanding required to facilitate the conception of rational therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L Gatto
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Cell and Developmental Biology, Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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14
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Müller H, Schmidt D, Steinbrink S, Mirgorodskaya E, Lehmann V, Habermann K, Dreher F, Gustavsson N, Kessler T, Lehrach H, Herwig R, Gobom J, Ploubidou A, Boutros M, Lange BMH. Proteomic and functional analysis of the mitotic Drosophila centrosome. EMBO J 2010; 29:3344-57. [PMID: 20818332 PMCID: PMC2957212 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2010.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of centrosome structure, duplication and segregation is integrated into cellular pathways that control cell cycle progression and growth. As part of these pathways, numerous proteins with well-established non-centrosomal localization and function associate with the centrosome to fulfill regulatory functions. In turn, classical centrosomal components take up functional and structural roles as part of other cellular organelles and compartments. Thus, although a comprehensive inventory of centrosome components is missing, emerging evidence indicates that its molecular composition reflects the complexity of its functions. We analysed the Drosophila embryonic centrosomal proteome using immunoisolation in combination with mass spectrometry. The 251 identified components were functionally characterized by RNA interference. Among those, a core group of 11 proteins was critical for centrosome structure maintenance. Depletion of any of these proteins in Drosophila SL2 cells resulted in centrosome disintegration, revealing a molecular dependency of centrosome structure on components of the protein translation machinery, actin- and RNA-binding proteins. In total, we assigned novel centrosome-related functions to 24 proteins and confirmed 13 of these in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Müller
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Schmidt
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research—Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Sandra Steinbrink
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics and University of Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Mirgorodskaya
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Verena Lehmann
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin Habermann
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Dreher
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Niklas Gustavsson
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Kessler
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Lehrach
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Herwig
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johan Gobom
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aspasia Ploubidou
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research—Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Boutros
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics and University of Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bodo M H Lange
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
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