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Brooks PM, Lewis P, Million-Perez S, Yandulskaya AS, Khalil M, Janes M, Porco J, Walker E, Meyers JR. Pharmacological reprogramming of zebrafish lateral line supporting cells to a migratory progenitor state. Dev Biol 2024; 512:70-88. [PMID: 38729405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
In the zebrafish lateral line, non-sensory supporting cells readily re-enter the cell cycle to generate new hair cells and supporting cells during homeostatic maintenance and following damage to hair cells. This contrasts with supporting cells from mammalian vestibular and auditory sensory epithelia which rarely re-enter the cell cycle, and hence loss of hair cells results in permanent sensory deficit. Lateral line supporting cells are derived from multipotent progenitor cells that migrate down the trunk midline as a primordium and are deposited to differentiate into a neuromast. We have found that we can revert zebrafish support cells back to a migratory progenitor state by pharmacologically altering the signaling environment to mimic that of the migratory primordium, with active Wnt signaling and repressed FGF signaling. The reverted supporting cells migrate anteriorly and posteriorly along the horizontal myoseptum and will re-epithelialize to form an increased number of neuromasts along the midline when the pharmacological agents are removed. These data demonstrate that supporting cells can be readily reprogrammed to a migratory multipotent progenitor state that can form new sensory neuromasts, which has important implications for our understanding of how the lateral line system matures and expands in fish and also suggest avenues for returning mammalian supporting cells back to a proliferative state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige M Brooks
- Dept. of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY, 13346, USA
| | - Parker Lewis
- Dept. of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY, 13346, USA
| | - Sara Million-Perez
- Dept. of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY, 13346, USA
| | - Anastasia S Yandulskaya
- Dept. of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY, 13346, USA
| | - Mahmoud Khalil
- Dept. of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY, 13346, USA
| | - Meredith Janes
- Dept. of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY, 13346, USA
| | - Joseph Porco
- Dept. of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY, 13346, USA
| | - Eleanor Walker
- Dept. of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY, 13346, USA
| | - Jason R Meyers
- Dept. of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY, 13346, USA.
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2
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Olson HM, Maxfield A, Calistri NL, Heiser LM, Qian W, Knaut H, Nechiporuk AV. RhoA GEF Mcf2lb regulates rosette integrity during collective cell migration. Development 2024; 151:dev201898. [PMID: 38165177 PMCID: PMC10820872 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Multicellular rosettes are transient epithelial structures that serve as important cellular intermediates in the formation of diverse organs. Using the zebrafish posterior lateral line primordium (pLLP) as a model system, we investigated the role of the RhoA GEF Mcf2lb in rosette morphogenesis. The pLLP is a group of ∼150 cells that migrates along the zebrafish trunk and is organized into epithelial rosettes; these are deposited along the trunk and will differentiate into sensory organs called neuromasts (NMs). Using single-cell RNA-sequencing and whole-mount in situ hybridization, we showed that mcf2lb is expressed in the pLLP during migration. Live imaging and subsequent 3D analysis of mcf2lb mutant pLLP cells showed disrupted apical constriction and subsequent rosette organization. This resulted in an excess number of deposited NMs along the trunk of the zebrafish. Cell polarity markers ZO-1 and Par-3 were apically localized, indicating that pLLP cells are properly polarized. In contrast, RhoA activity, as well as signaling components downstream of RhoA, Rock2a and non-muscle Myosin II, were diminished apically. Thus, Mcf2lb-dependent RhoA activation maintains the integrity of epithelial rosettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M. Olson
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, The Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Amanda Maxfield
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, The Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Nicholas L. Calistri
- Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Laura M. Heiser
- Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Weiyi Qian
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Holger Knaut
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Alex V. Nechiporuk
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, The Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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3
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Dordoe C, Huang W, Bwalya C, Wang X, Shen B, Wang H, Wang J, Ye S, Wang P, Xiaoyan B, Li X, Lin L. The role of microglial activation on ischemic stroke: Modulation by fibroblast growth factors. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 74:122-133. [PMID: 37573252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the devastating clinical conditions that causes death and permanent disability. Its occurrence causes the reduction of oxygen and glucose supply, resulting in events such as inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the brain. Microglia are brain-resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that exert diverse roles and respond to pathological process after an ischemic insult. The discovery of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) in mammals, resulted to the findings that they can treat experimental models of stroke in animals effectively. FGFs function as homeostatic factors that control cells and hormones involved in metabolism, and they also regulate the secretion of proinflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) cytokines after stroke. In this review, we outline current evidence of microglia activation in experimental models of stroke focusing on its ability to exacerbate damage or repair tissue. Also, our review sheds light on the pharmacological actions of FGFs on multiple targets to regulate microglial modulation and highlighted their theoretical molecular mechanisms to provide possible therapeutic targets, as well as their limitations for the treatment of stroke. DATA AVAILABILITY: Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Confidence Dordoe
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Wenting Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Canol Bwalya
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Bixin Shen
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Shasha Ye
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Bao Xiaoyan
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Research Units of Clinical Translation of Cell Growth Factors and Diseases Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Li Lin
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Research Units of Clinical Translation of Cell Growth Factors and Diseases Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
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4
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Tang D, Lu Y, Zuo N, Yan R, Wu C, Wu L, Liu S, He Y. The H3K27 demethylase controls the lateral line embryogenesis of zebrafish. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:1137-1152. [PMID: 34716527 PMCID: PMC10406677 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kdm6b, a specific histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27) demethylase, has been reported to be implicated in a variety of developmental processes including cell differentiation and cell fate determination and multiple organogenesis. Here, we regulated the transcript level of kdm6bb to study the potential role in controlling the hearing organ development of zebrafish. METHODS A morpholino antisense oligonucleotide (MO) strategy was used to induce Kdm6b deficiency; immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization analysis were conducted to figure out the morphologic alterations and embryonic mechanisms. RESULTS Kdm6bb is expressed in the primordium and neuromasts at the early stage of zebrafish embryogenesis, suggesting a potential function of Kdm6b in the development of mechanosensory organs. Knockdown of kdm6bb severely influences the cell migration and proliferation in posterior lateral line primordium, abates the number of neuromasts along the trunk, and mRNA-mediated rescue test can partially renew the neuromasts. Loss of kdm6bb might be related to aberrant expressions of chemokine genes encompassing cxcl12a and cxcr4b/cxcr7b in the migrating primordium. Moreover, inhibition of kdm6bb reduces the expression of genes in Fgf signaling pathway, while it increases the axin2 and lef1 expression level of Wnt/β-catenin signaling during the migrating stage. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results revealed that Kdm6b plays an essential role in guiding the migration of primordium and in regulating the deposition of zebrafish neuromasts by mediating the gene expression of chemokines and Wnt and Fgf signaling pathway. Since histone methylation and demethylation are reversible, targeting Kdm6b may present as a novel therapeutic regimen for hearing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Tang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yitong Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 2 Zheshanwest Road, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Na Zuo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 2 Zheshanwest Road, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Renchun Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 2 Zheshanwest Road, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Cheng Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 2 Zheshanwest Road, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 2 Zheshanwest Road, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Shaofeng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 2 Zheshanwest Road, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China.
| | - Yingzi He
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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5
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Olson HM, Maxfield A, Calistri NL, Heiser LM, Nechiporuk AV. RhoA GEF Mcf2lb regulates rosette integrity during collective cell migration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.19.537573. [PMID: 37131612 PMCID: PMC10153259 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.19.537573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
During development, multicellular rosettes serve as important cellular intermediates in the formation of diverse organ systems. Multicellular rosettes are transient epithelial structures that are defined by the apical constriction of cells towards the rosette center. Due to the important role these structures play during development, understanding the molecular mechanisms by which rosettes are formed and maintained is of high interest. Utilizing the zebrafish posterior lateral line primordium (pLLP) as a model system, we identify the RhoA GEF Mcf2lb as a regulator of rosette integrity. The pLLP is a group of ~150 cells that migrates along the zebrafish trunk and is organized into epithelial rosettes; these are deposited along the trunk and will differentiate into sensory organs called neuromasts (NMs). Using single-cell RNA sequencing and whole-mount in situ hybridization, we showed that mcf2lb is expressed in the pLLP during migration. Given the known role of RhoA in rosette formation, we asked whether Mcf2lb plays a role in regulating apical constriction of cells within rosettes. Live imaging and subsequent 3D analysis of mcf2lb mutant pLLP cells showed disrupted apical constriction and subsequent rosette organization. This in turn resulted in a unique posterior Lateral Line phenotype: an excess number of deposited NMs along the trunk of the zebrafish. Cell polarity markers ZO-1 and Par-3 were apically localized, indicating that pLLP cells are normally polarized. In contrast, signaling components that mediate apical constriction downstream of RhoA, Rock-2a and non-muscle Myosin II were diminished apically. Altogether our results suggest a model whereby Mcf2lb activates RhoA, which in turn activates downstream signaling machinery to induce and maintain apical constriction in cells incorporated into rosettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M. Olson
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, The Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Amanda Maxfield
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, The Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Nicholas L. Calistri
- Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Laura M. Heiser
- Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Alex V. Nechiporuk
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, The Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
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6
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Haws W, England S, Grieb G, Susana G, Hernandez S, Mirer H, Lewis K. Analyses of binding partners and functional domains for the developmentally essential protein Hmx3a/HMX3. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1151. [PMID: 36670152 PMCID: PMC9859826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27878-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
HMX3 is a homeodomain protein with essential roles in CNS and ear development. Homeodomains are DNA-binding domains and hence homeodomain-containing proteins are usually assumed to be transcription factors. However, intriguingly, our recent data suggest that zebrafish Hmx3a may not require its homeodomain to function, raising the important question of what molecular interactions mediate its effects. To investigate this, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen and identified 539 potential binding partners of mouse HMX3. Using co-immunoprecipitation, we tested whether a prioritized subset of these interactions are conserved in zebrafish and found that Tle3b, Azin1b, Prmt2, Hmgb1a, and Hmgn3 bind Hmx3a. Next, we tested whether these proteins bind the products of four distinct hmx3a mutant alleles that all lack the homeodomain. Embryos homozygous for two of these alleles develop abnormally and die, whereas zebrafish homozygous for the other two alleles are viable. We found that all four mutations abrogate binding to Prmt2 and Tle3b, whereas Azin1b binding was preserved in all cases. Interestingly, Hmgb1a and Hmgn3 had more affinity for products of the viable mutant alleles. These data shed light on how HMX3/Hmx3a might function at a molecular level and identify new targets for future study in these vital developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Haws
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Samantha England
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Ginny Grieb
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Gabriela Susana
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Sophie Hernandez
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Hunter Mirer
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Katharine Lewis
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.
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Zhou Z, Liang S, Zhou Z, Liu J, Meng X, Zou F, Yu C, Cai S. Avasimibe Alleviates Disruption of the Airway Epithelial Barrier by Suppressing the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:795934. [PMID: 35222024 PMCID: PMC8874122 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.795934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Avasimibe (Ava) is an acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) specific inhibitor and an established medicine for atherosclerosis, owing to its excellent and safe anti-inflammation effects in humans. However, its efficacy in asthma has not yet been reported. We first administered varying concentrations of avasimibe to house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthmatic mice; results showed that 20 mg/kg avasimibe most significantly reduced IL-4 and IL-5 production in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and total IgE in serum, and the avasimibe treatment also exhibited lower mucus secretion, decreased goblet and basal cells but increased ciliated cells compared to the HDM group. And the redistribution of adherens junction (AJ) proteins induced by HDM was far more less upon avasimibe administration. However, avasimibe did not reduce the cholesterol ester ratio in lung tissues or intracellular cholesterol ester, which is avasimibe’s main effect. Further analysis confirmed that avasimibe impaired epithelial basal cell proliferation independent of regulating cholesterol metabolism and we analyzed datasets using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and then found that the KRT5 gene (basal cell marker) expression is correlated with the β-catenin gene. Moreover, we found that β-catenin localized in cytomembrane upon avasimibe treatment. Avasimibe also reduced β-catenin phosphorylation in the cytoplasm and inactivated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway induced by HDMs, thereby alleviating the airway epithelial barrier disruption. Taken together, these findings indicated that avasimibe has potential as a new therapeutic option for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicong Zhou
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shixiu Liang
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zili Zhou
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieyi Liu
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Meng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changhui Yu
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shaoxi Cai, ; Changhui Yu,
| | - Shaoxi Cai
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shaoxi Cai, ; Changhui Yu,
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Sheets L, Holmgren M, Kindt KS. How Zebrafish Can Drive the Future of Genetic-based Hearing and Balance Research. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2021; 22:215-235. [PMID: 33909162 PMCID: PMC8110678 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-021-00798-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last several decades, studies in humans and animal models have successfully identified numerous molecules required for hearing and balance. Many of these studies relied on unbiased forward genetic screens based on behavior or morphology to identify these molecules. Alongside forward genetic screens, reverse genetics has further driven the exploration of candidate molecules. This review provides an overview of the genetic studies that have established zebrafish as a genetic model for hearing and balance research. Further, we discuss how the unique advantages of zebrafish can be leveraged in future genetic studies. We explore strategies to design novel forward genetic screens based on morphological alterations using transgenic lines or behavioral changes following mechanical or acoustic damage. We also outline how recent advances in CRISPR-Cas9 can be applied to perform reverse genetic screens to validate large sequencing datasets. Overall, this review describes how future genetic studies in zebrafish can continue to advance our understanding of inherited and acquired hearing and balance disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Sheets
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Melanie Holmgren
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Katie S Kindt
- Section On Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institutes On Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA.
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9
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Dries R, Lange A, Heiny S, Berghaus KI, Bastmeyer M, Bentrop J. Cell Proliferation and Collective Cell Migration During Zebrafish Lateral Line System Development Are Regulated by Ncam/Fgf-Receptor Interactions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:591011. [PMID: 33520983 PMCID: PMC7841142 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.591011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The posterior lateral line system (pLLS) of aquatic animals comprises small clustered mechanosensory organs along the side of the animal. They develop from proneuromasts, which are deposited from a migratory primordium on its way to the tip of the tail. We here show, that the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule Ncam1b is an integral part of the pathways initiating and regulating the development of the pLLS in zebrafish. We find that morpholino-knockdowns of ncam1b (i) reduce cell proliferation within the primordium, (ii) reduce the expression of Fgf target gene erm, (iii) severely affect proneuromast formation, and (iv) affect primordium migration. Ncam1b directly interacts with Fgf receptor Fgfr1a, and a knockdown of fgfr1a causes similar phenotypic changes as observed in ncam1b-morphants. We conclude that Ncam1b is involved in activating proliferation by triggering the expression of erm. In addition, we demonstrate that Ncam1b is required for the expression of chemokine receptor Cxcr7b, which is crucial for directed primordial migration. Finally, we show that the knockdown of ncam1b destabilizes proneuromasts, suggesting a further function of Ncam1b in strengthening the cohesion of proneuromast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Dries
- Zoological Institute, Cell- and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Annemarie Lange
- Zoological Institute, Cell- and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sebastian Heiny
- Zoological Institute, Cell- and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Katja I Berghaus
- Zoological Institute, Cell- and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Martin Bastmeyer
- Zoological Institute, Cell- and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Joachim Bentrop
- Zoological Institute, Cell- and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
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10
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Dalle Nogare DE, Natesh N, Vishwasrao HD, Shroff H, Chitnis AB. Zebrafish Posterior Lateral Line primordium migration requires interactions between a superficial sheath of motile cells and the skin. eLife 2020; 9:58251. [PMID: 33237853 PMCID: PMC7688310 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Zebrafish Posterior Lateral Line primordium migrates in a channel between the skin and somites. Its migration depends on the coordinated movement of its mesenchymal-like leading cells and trailing cells, which form epithelial rosettes, or protoneuromasts. We describe a superficial population of flat primordium cells that wrap around deeper epithelialized cells and extend polarized lamellipodia to migrate apposed to the overlying skin. Polarization of lamellipodia extended by both superficial and deeper protoneuromast-forming cells depends on Fgf signaling. Removal of the overlying skin has similar effects on superficial and deep cells: lamellipodia are lost, blebs appear instead, and collective migration fails. When skinned embryos are embedded in Matrigel, basal and superficial lamellipodia are recovered; however, only the directionality of basal protrusions is recovered, and migration is not rescued. These observations support a key role played by superficial primordium cells and the skin in directed migration of the Posterior Lateral Line primordium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian E Dalle Nogare
- Section on Neural Developmental Dynamics, Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Naveen Natesh
- Section on Neural Developmental Dynamics, Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Harshad D Vishwasrao
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Hari Shroff
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States.,Laboratory of High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Ajay B Chitnis
- Section on Neural Developmental Dynamics, Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
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11
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Wnt/β-catenin Signaling in Tissue Self-Organization. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11080939. [PMID: 32823838 PMCID: PMC7464740 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Across metazoans, animal body structures and tissues exist in robust patterns that arise seemingly out of stochasticity of a few early cells in the embryo. These patterns ensure proper tissue form and function during early embryogenesis, development, homeostasis, and regeneration. Fundamental questions are how these patterns are generated and maintained during tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Though fascinating scientists for generations, these ideas remain poorly understood. Today, it is apparent that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a central role in tissue patterning. Wnt proteins are small diffusible morphogens which are essential for cell type specification and patterning of tissues. In this review, we highlight several mechanisms described where the spatial properties of Wnt/β-catenin signaling are controlled, allowing them to work in combination with other diffusible molecules to control tissue patterning. We discuss examples of this self-patterning behavior during development and adult tissues' maintenance. The combination of new physiological culture systems, mathematical approaches, and synthetic biology will continue to fuel discoveries about how tissues are patterned. These insights are critical for understanding the intricate interplay of core patterning signals and how they become disrupted in disease.
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12
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Colombi A, Scianna M, Preziosi L. Collective migration and patterning during early development of zebrafish posterior lateral line. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190385. [PMID: 32713304 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphogenesis of zebrafish posterior lateral line (PLL) is a good predictive model largely used in biology to study cell coordinated reorganization and collective migration regulating pathologies and human embryonic processes. PLL development involves the formation of a placode formed by epithelial cells with mesenchymal characteristics which migrates within the animal myoseptum while cyclically assembling and depositing rosette-like clusters (progenitors of neuromast structures). The overall process mainly relies on the activity of specific diffusive chemicals, which trigger collective directional migration and patterning. Cell proliferation and cascade of phenotypic transitions play a fundamental role as well. The investigation on the mechanisms regulating such a complex morphogenesis has become a research topic, in the last decades, also for the mathematical community. In this respect, we present a multiscale hybrid model integrating a discrete approach for the cellular level and a continuous description for the molecular scale. The resulting numerical simulations are then able to reproduce both the evolution of wild-type (i.e. normal) embryos and the pathological behaviour resulting form experimental manipulations involving laser ablation. A qualitative analysis of the dependence of these model outcomes from cell-cell mutual interactions, cell chemical sensitivity and internalization rates is included. The aim is first to validate the model, as well as the estimated parameter values, and then to predict what happens in situations not tested yet experimentally. This article is part of the theme issue 'Multi-scale analysis and modelling of collective migration in biological systems'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annachiara Colombi
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Scianna
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Luigi Preziosi
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
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13
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Zhu Z, Bai X, Wang H, Li X, Sun G, Zhang P. A study on the mechanism of Wnt inhibitory factor 1 in osteoarthritis. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:898-906. [PMID: 32542093 PMCID: PMC7286342 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.95667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In our study we aimed to investigate the mechanism of Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1) on regulating chondrocyte proliferation and apoptosis via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the Wnt/βcatenin signaling pathway in osteoarthritis (OA). MATERIAL AND METHODS Osteoarthritis chondrocytes were treated with interleukin 1β (IL-1β) to simulate an inflammatory condition. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot were applied for detecting WIF1 expression in OA chondrocytes. MTT assay and flow cytometry were carried out to analyze the cell proliferation and apoptosis. Content of ROS was detected using flow cytometry, and activity of the Wnt/βcatenin signaling pathway was detected using immunofluorescence, western blot and luciferase reporter assay. Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). RESULTS WIF1 expression in OA chondrocytes was significantly lower than in normal chondrocytes. After WIF1 cDNA transfection, the aberrantly high ROS level in OA chondrocytes was down-regulated, which led to the increase of proliferation and reduction of apoptosis. The Wnt/βcatenin signaling pathway was suppressed by WIF1 overexpression and the secretion of MMPs was therefore reduced. CONCLUSIONS Up-regulation of WIF1 would promote proliferation and suppress apoptosis of OA chondrocytes through eliminating ROS production and reduce secretion of MMPs via blocking the Wnt/βcatenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xizhuang Bai
- Corresponding author: Xizhuang Bai MD, Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, The People’s Hospital of China Medical University, 33 Wenyi Road Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016 Liaoning, China, Phone: +86 024 24016114, E-mail:
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14
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Dalle Nogare D, Chitnis AB. NetLogo agent-based models as tools for understanding the self-organization of cell fate, morphogenesis and collective migration of the zebrafish posterior Lateral Line primordium. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 100:186-198. [PMID: 31901312 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between primordium cells and their environment determines the self-organization of the zebrafish posterior Lateral Line primordium as it migrates under the skin from the ear to the tip of the tail forming and depositing neuromasts to spearhead formation of the posterior Lateral Line sensory system. In this review we describe how the NetLogo agent-based programming environment has been used in our lab to visualize and explore how self-generated chemokine gradients determine collective migration, how the dynamics of Wnt signaling can be used to predict patterns of neuromast deposition, and how previously defined interactions between Wnt and Fgf signaling systems have the potential to determine the periodic formation of center-biased Fgf signaling centers in the wake of a shrinking Wnt system. We also describe how NetLogo was used as a database for storing and visualizing the results of in toto lineage analysis of all cells in the migrating primordium. Together, the models illustrate how this programming environment can be used in diverse ways to integrate what has been learnt from biological experiments about the nature of interactions between cells and their environment, and explore how these interactions could potentially determine emergent patterns of cell fate specification, morphogenesis and collective migration of the zebrafish posterior Lateral Line primordium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Dalle Nogare
- Section on Neural Developmental Dynamics, Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Ajay B Chitnis
- Section on Neural Developmental Dynamics, Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD USA.
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15
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Characterization of biklf/klf17-deficient zebrafish in posterior lateral line neuromast and hatching gland development. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13680. [PMID: 31558744 PMCID: PMC6763433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50149-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüpple-like factors (Klfs) are highly conserved zinc-finger transcription factors that regulate various developmental processes, such as haematopoiesis and cardiovascular development. In zebrafish, transient knockdown analysis of biklf/klf17 using antisense morpholino suggests the involvement of biklf/klf17 in primitive erythropoiesis and hatching gland development; however, the continuous physiological importance of klf17 remains uncharacterized under the genetic ablation of the klf17 gene among vertebrates. We established the klf17-disrupted zebrafish lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology and performed phenotypic analysis throughout early embryogenesis. We found that the klf17-deficient embryos exhibited abnormal lateral line neuromast deposition, whereas the production of primitive erythrocytes and haemoglobin production were observed in the klf17-deficient embryos. The expression of lateral line neuromast genes, klf17 and s100t, in the klf17-deficient embryos was detected in posterior lateral line neuromasts abnormally positioned at short intervals. Furthermore, the klf17-deficient embryos failed to hatch and died without hatching around 15 days post-fertilization (dpf), whereas the dechorionated klf17-deficient embryos and wild-type embryos were alive at 15 dpf. The klf17-deficient embryos abolished hatching gland cells and Ctsl1b protein expression, and eliminated the expression of polster and hatching gland marker genes, he1.1, ctsl1b and cd63. Thus, the klf17 gene plays important roles in posterior lateral line neuromast and hatching gland development.
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16
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Urasaki A, Morishita S, Naka K, Uozumi M, Abe K, Huang L, Watase E, Nakagawa O, Kawakami K, Matsui T, Bessho Y, Inagaki N. Shootins mediate collective cell migration and organogenesis of the zebrafish posterior lateral line system. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12156. [PMID: 31434971 PMCID: PMC6704158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48585-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish sensory posterior lateral line is an excellent model system to study collective cell migration and organogenesis. Shootin1 is a cytoplasmic protein involved in neuronal polarization and axon guidance. Previous studies have shown that shootin1 couples actin filament retrograde flow with extracellular adhesive substrates at the leading edge of axonal growth cones, thereby producing mechanical force for the migration and guidance of axonal growth cones. However, the functions of shootin in peripheral cells remain unknown. Here we identified two novel shootin family members, shootin2 and shootin3. In zebrafish, shootin1 and shootin3 are expressed in the posterior lateral line primordium (PLLP) and neuromasts during embryonic development. A shootin1 mutant displayed a reduced speed of PLLP migration, while shootin1;shootin3 double mutation inhibited cell proliferation in the PLLP. Furthermore, our results suggest that shootin1 and shootin3 positively regulate the number of neuromasts and the number of cells in deposited neuromasts. Our study demonstrates that shootins mediate collective cell migration of the posterior lateral line primordium and formation of neuromasts in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Urasaki
- Laboratory of Systems Neurobiology and Medicine, Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.,Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-Shinmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Seiya Morishita
- Laboratory of Systems Neurobiology and Medicine, Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kosuke Naka
- Laboratory of Systems Neurobiology and Medicine, Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Minato Uozumi
- Laboratory of Systems Neurobiology and Medicine, Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kouki Abe
- Laboratory of Systems Neurobiology and Medicine, Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Liguo Huang
- Laboratory of Systems Neurobiology and Medicine, Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Emiko Watase
- Laboratory of Systems Neurobiology and Medicine, Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Osamu Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-Shinmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Koichi Kawakami
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, and Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Takaaki Matsui
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Bessho
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Inagaki
- Laboratory of Systems Neurobiology and Medicine, Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.
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17
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Tang D, He Y, Li W, Li H. Wnt/β-catenin interacts with the FGF pathway to promote proliferation and regenerative cell proliferation in the zebrafish lateral line neuromast. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-16. [PMID: 31123246 PMCID: PMC6533250 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0247-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt and FGF are highly conserved signaling pathways found in various organs and have been identified as important regulators of auditory organ development. In this study, we used the zebrafish lateral line system to study the cooperative roles of the Wnt and FGF pathways in regulating progenitor cell proliferation and regenerative cell proliferation. We found that activation of Wnt signaling induced cell proliferation and increased the number of hair cells in both developing and regenerating neuromasts. We further demonstrated that FGF signaling was critically involved in Wnt-regulated proliferation, and inhibition of FGF abolished the Wnt stimulation-mediated effects on cell proliferation, while activating FGF signaling with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) led to a partial rescue of the proliferative failure and hair cell defects in the absence of Wnt activity. Whole-mount in situ hybridization analysis showed that the expression of several FGF pathway genes, including pea3 and fgfr1, was increased in neuromasts after treatment with the Wnt pathway inducer BIO. Interestingly, when SU5402 was used to inhibit FGF signaling, neuromast cells expressed much lower levels of the FGF receptor gene, fgfr1, but produced increased levels of Wnt target genes, including ctnnb1, ctnnb2, and tcf7l2, while bFGF treatment produced no alterations in the expression of those genes, suggesting that fgfr1 might restrict Wnt signaling in neuromasts during proliferation. In summary, our analysis demonstrates that both the Wnt and FGF pathways are tightly integrated to modulate the proliferation of progenitor cells during early neuromast development and regenerative cell proliferation after neomycin-induced injury in the zebrafish neuromast. Studying sensory organs on the skin of zebrafish is revealing details of molecular signaling pathways that may be relevant to our own sensory systems, especially the hair cells of the ear. These cells have fine hair-like structures that move in response to sound waves and help generate electrical signals to the brain that result in perception of sound. Huawei Li and colleagues at Fudan University, Shanghai, China, studied the roles of two well-known cellular signaling pathways in regulating the proliferation of similar sensory hair cells in zebrafish, a commonly used model organism. These pathways involve cell surface proteins that interact with small extracellular molecules to stimulate molecular changes within cells. Learning how the pathways control hair cell generation and multiplication may assist modification of similar systems in humans to study and treat hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Tang
- ENT institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yingzi He
- ENT institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- ENT institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Huawei Li
- ENT institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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18
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Wang Y, Han Y, Xu P, Ding S, Li G, Jin H, Meng Y, Meng A, Jia S. prpf4 is essential for cell survival and posterior lateral line primordium migration in zebrafish. J Genet Genomics 2018; 45:443-453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Wang X, Hou H, Song K, Zhang Z, Zhang S, Cao Y, Chen L, Sang Q, Lin F, Xu H. Lpar2b Controls Lateral Line Tissue Size by Regulating Yap1 Activity in Zebrafish. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:34. [PMID: 29479307 PMCID: PMC5812253 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
LPA signaling plays important roles during cell migration and proliferation in normal and pathological conditions. However, its role during sensory organ development remains unknown. Here we show a LPA receptor Lpar2b is expressed in the posterior lateral line primordium (pLLP) and mechanosensory organs called neuromasts (NMs) in zebrafish embryos. Lpar2b loss-of-function significantly reduces the number of NMs and hair cells in the posterior lateral line (pLL). Further analysis reveals that Lpar2b regulates the patterning and tissue size of the pLLP. Interestingly, we show that knocking down a Hippo effector Yap1 phenocopies the result of Lpar2b depletion, and Lpar2b regulates the phosphorylation and activity of Yap1 in the pLLP. Importantly, a phosphorylation-resistant Yap1 rescues pLLP size and NM number in Lpar2b-depleted embryos. Our results indicate Lpar2b controls primordium size and NM number by regulating Yap1 activity in the lateral line system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haitao Hou
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Kaida Song
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shuqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ying Cao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Chen
- Biochemistry and Biological Product Institute, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Sang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Lin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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20
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Dalle Nogare D, Chitnis AB. A framework for understanding morphogenesis and migration of the zebrafish posterior Lateral Line primordium. Mech Dev 2017; 148:69-78. [PMID: 28460893 PMCID: PMC10993927 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A description of zebrafish posterior Lateral Line (pLL) primordium development at single cell resolution together with the dynamics of Wnt, FGF, Notch and chemokine signaling in this system has allowed us to develop a framework to understand the self-organization of cell fate, morphogenesis and migration during its early development. The pLL primordium migrates under the skin, from near the ear to the tip of the tail, periodically depositing neuromasts. Nascent neuromasts, or protoneuromasts, form sequentially within the migrating primordium, mature, and are deposited from its trailing end. Initially broad Wnt signaling inhibits protoneuromast formation. However, protoneuromasts form sequentially in response to FGF signaling, starting from the trailing end, in the wake of a progressively shrinking Wnt system. While proliferation adds to the number of cells, the migrating primordium progressively shrinks as its trailing cells stop moving and are deposited. As it shrinks, the length of the migrating primordium correlates with the length of the leading Wnt system. Based on these observations we show how measuring the rate at which the Wnt system shrinks, the proliferation rate, the initial size of the primordium, its speed, and a few additional parameters allows us to predict the pattern of neuromast formation and deposition by the migrating primordium in both wild-type and mutant contexts. While the mechanism that links the length of the leading Wnt system to that of the primordium remains unclear, we discuss how it might be determined by access to factors produced in the leading Wnt active zone that are required for collective migration of trailing cells. We conclude by reviewing how FGFs, produced in response to Wnt signaling in leading cells, help determine collective migration of trailing cells, while a polarized response to a self-generated chemokine gradient serves as an efficient mechanism to steer primordium migration along its relatively long journey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Dalle Nogare
- Section on Neural Developmental Dynamics, Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ajay B Chitnis
- Section on Neural Developmental Dynamics, Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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21
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Zheng W, Lin P, Ma Y, Shao X, Chen H, Chen D, Liu X, Li X, Ye H. Psoralen promotes the expression of cyclin D1 in chondrocytes via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1377-1384. [PMID: 28949389 PMCID: PMC5627873 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoralen (PSO), the active ingredient of Fructus Psoraleae (FP) the dried ripe fruit of Psoralea corylifolia L., has been commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). We found that PSO activates cartilaginous cellular functions of rat chondrocytes in vitro. However, the effect of PSO on chondrocyte proliferation and the precise mechanisms involved remain to be elucidated. We investigated the effects of PSO on chondrocytes isolated from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and evaluated involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The viability of chondrocytes treated with PSO was increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner, as assessed by MTT assay. We found that the gene expression and protein levels of Wnt-4, Frizzled-2, β-catenin and cyclin D1 in the PSO-treated chondrocytes were significantly upregulated, while the gene expression and protein level of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) were downregulated, compared with the untreated chondrocytes. By immunofluorescence, we also found that PSO induced β-catenin nuclear translocation. Importantly, the expression of β-catenin and cyclin D1 was partly inhibited by Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), an inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Additionally, Col-II expression in chondrocytes was increased after treatment with PSO. Taken together, these results indicate that PSO promotes chondrocyte proliferation by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and it may play an important role in the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Pingdong Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Yuhuan Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Shao
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Houhuang Chen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Da Chen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Xianxiang Liu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Xihai Li
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhi Ye
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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22
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Nikaido M, Navajas Acedo J, Hatta K, Piotrowski T. Retinoic acid is required and Fgf, Wnt, and Bmp signaling inhibit posterior lateral line placode induction in zebrafish. Dev Biol 2017; 431:215-225. [PMID: 28923486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The lateral line system is a mechanosensory systems present in aquatic animals. The anterior and posterior lateral lines develop from anterior and posterior lateral line placodes (aLLp and pLLp), respectively. Although signaling molecules required for the induction of other cranial placodes have been well studied, the molecular mechanisms underlying formation of the lateral line placodes are unknown. In this study we tested the requirement of multiple signaling pathways, such as Wnt, Bmp Fgf, and Retinoic Acid for aLLp and pLLp induction. We determined that aLLp specification requires Fgf signaling, whilst pLLp specification requires retinoic acid which inhibits Fgf signaling. pLLp induction is also independent of Wnt and Bmp activities, even though these pathways limit the boundaries of the pLLp. This is the first report that the aLLp and pLLp depend on different inductive mechanisms and that pLLp induction requires the inhibition of Fgf, Wnt and Bmp signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Nikaido
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Graduate School of Life Sciences, University of Hyogo, Hyogo Pref. 678-1297, Japan
| | | | - Kohei Hatta
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, University of Hyogo, Hyogo Pref. 678-1297, Japan
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23
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He Y, Lu X, Qian F, Liu D, Chai R, Li H. Insm1a Is Required for Zebrafish Posterior Lateral Line Development. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:241. [PMID: 28824372 PMCID: PMC5539400 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulinoma-associated 1 (Insm1), a zinc-finger transcription factor, is widely expressed in the developing nervous system and plays important roles in cell cycle progression and cell fate specification. However, the functions of Insm1 in the embryonic development of the sensory system and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Here, through whole-mount in situ hybridization, we found that the zebrafish insm1a gene was expressed in the posterior lateral line (pLL) system, including both the migrating pLL primordium and the deposited neuromast cells. In order to decipher the specific roles of insm1a in zebrafish pLL development, we inhibited insm1a expression by using a morpholino knockdown strategy. The insm1a morphants exhibited primordium migration defects that resulted in reduced numbers of neuromasts. The inactivation of insm1a reduced the numbers of hair cells in neuromasts, and this defect could be a secondary consequence of disrupting rosette formation in the pLL primordium. Additionally, we showed that insm1a knockdown decreased the proliferation of pLL primordium cells, which likely contributed to these pLL defects. Furthermore, we showed that loss of insm1a resulted in elevated Wnt/β-catenin signaling and downregulation of Fgf target genes in the primordium. Insm1a knockdown also perturbed the expression patterns of chemokine signaling genes. Taken together, this study reveals a pivotal role for Insm1a in regulating pLL development during zebrafish embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi He
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPCShanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Lu
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Fuping Qian
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantong, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantong, China.,Research Institute of OtolaryngologyNanjing, China
| | - Huawei Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPCShanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear ImplantShanghai, China.,The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
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24
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Knutsdottir H, Zmurchok C, Bhaskar D, Palsson E, Dalle Nogare D, Chitnis AB, Edelstein-Keshet L. Polarization and migration in the zebrafish posterior lateral line system. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005451. [PMID: 28369079 PMCID: PMC5393887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Collective cell migration plays an important role in development. Here, we study the posterior lateral line primordium (PLLP) a group of about 100 cells, destined to form sensory structures, that migrates from head to tail in the zebrafish embryo. We model mutually inhibitory FGF-Wnt signalling network in the PLLP and link tissue subdivision (Wnt receptor and FGF receptor activity domains) to receptor-ligand parameters. We then use a 3D cell-based simulation with realistic cell-cell adhesion, interaction forces, and chemotaxis. Our model is able to reproduce experimentally observed motility with leading cells migrating up a gradient of CXCL12a, and trailing (FGF receptor active) cells moving actively by chemotaxis towards FGF ligand secreted by the leading cells. The 3D simulation framework, combined with experiments, allows an investigation of the role of cell division, chemotaxis, adhesion, and other parameters on the shape and speed of the PLLP. The 3D model demonstrates reasonable behaviour of control as well as mutant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hildur Knutsdottir
- Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Cole Zmurchok
- Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dhananjay Bhaskar
- Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eirikur Palsson
- Department of Biology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Damian Dalle Nogare
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ajay B. Chitnis
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Leah Edelstein-Keshet
- Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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25
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In toto imaging of the migrating Zebrafish lateral line primordium at single cell resolution. Dev Biol 2017; 422:14-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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26
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Kozlovskaja-Gumbrienė A, Yi R, Alexander R, Aman A, Jiskra R, Nagelberg D, Knaut H, McClain M, Piotrowski T. Proliferation-independent regulation of organ size by Fgf/Notch signaling. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28085667 PMCID: PMC5235355 DOI: 10.7554/elife.21049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ morphogenesis depends on the precise orchestration of cell migration, cell shape changes and cell adhesion. We demonstrate that Notch signaling is an integral part of the Wnt and Fgf signaling feedback loop coordinating cell migration and the self-organization of rosette-shaped sensory organs in the zebrafish lateral line system. We show that Notch signaling acts downstream of Fgf signaling to not only inhibit hair cell differentiation but also to induce and maintain stable epithelial rosettes. Ectopic Notch expression causes a significant increase in organ size independently of proliferation and the Hippo pathway. Transplantation and RNASeq analyses revealed that Notch signaling induces apical junctional complex genes that regulate cell adhesion and apical constriction. Our analysis also demonstrates that in the absence of patterning cues normally provided by a Wnt/Fgf signaling system, rosettes still self-organize in the presence of Notch signaling. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.21049.001
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ren Yi
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, United States
| | | | - Andy Aman
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, United States
| | - Ryan Jiskra
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, United States
| | - Danielle Nagelberg
- Developmental Genetics Program and Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Holger Knaut
- Developmental Genetics Program and Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Melainia McClain
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, United States
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27
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Venero Galanternik M, Lush ME, Piotrowski T. Glypican4 modulates lateral line collective cell migration non cell-autonomously. Dev Biol 2016; 419:321-335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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28
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Smith ME, Monroe JD. Causes and Consequences of Sensory Hair Cell Damage and Recovery in Fishes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 877:393-417. [PMID: 26515323 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-21059-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Sensory hair cells are the mechanotransductive receptors that detect gravity, sound, and vibration in all vertebrates. Damage to these sensitive receptors often results in deficits in vestibular function and hearing. There are currently two main reasons for studying the process of hair cell loss in fishes. First, fishes, like other non-mammalian vertebrates, have the ability to regenerate hair cells that have been damaged or lost via exposure to ototoxic chemicals or acoustic overstimulation. Thus, they are used as a biomedical model to understand the process of hair cell death and regeneration and find therapeutics that treat or prevent human hearing loss. Secondly, scientists and governmental natural resource managers are concerned about the potential effects of intense anthropogenic sounds on aquatic organisms, including fishes. Dr. Arthur N. Popper and his students, postdocs and research associates have performed pioneering experiments in both of these lines of fish hearing research. This review will discuss the current knowledge regarding the causes and consequences of both lateral line and inner ear hair cell damage in teleost fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Smith
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, 42101, USA.
| | - J David Monroe
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, 42101, USA.
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29
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Venero Galanternik M, Nikaido M, Yu Z, McKinney SA, Piotrowski T. Localized Gene Induction by Infrared-Mediated Heat Shock. Zebrafish 2016; 13:537-540. [PMID: 27057799 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2015.1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic manipulations are a vital instrument for the study of embryonic development where to understand how genes work, it is necessary to provoke a loss or gain of function of a particular gene in a spatial and temporal manner. In the zebrafish embryo, the Hsp70 promoter is the most commonly used tool to induce a transient global gene expression of a desired gene, in a temporal manner. However, Hsp70-driven global gene induction presents caveats when studying gene function in a tissue of interest as gene induction in the whole embryo can lead to cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous phenotypes. In the current article, we describe an innovative and cost effective protocol to activate Hsp70-dependent expression in a small subset of cells in the zebrafish embryo, by utilizing a localized infrared (IR) laser. Our IR laser set up can be incorporated to any microscope platform without the requirement for expensive equipment. Furthermore, our protocol allows for controlled localized induction of specific proteins under the control of the hsp70 promoter in small subsets of cells. We use the migrating zebrafish sensory lateral line primordium as a model, because of its relative simplicity and experimental accessibility; however, this technique can be applied to any tissue in the zebrafish embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Venero Galanternik
- 1 Stowers Institute for Medical Research , Kansas City, Missouri.,2 Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Masataka Nikaido
- 1 Stowers Institute for Medical Research , Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Zulin Yu
- 1 Stowers Institute for Medical Research , Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Sean A McKinney
- 1 Stowers Institute for Medical Research , Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Tatjana Piotrowski
- 1 Stowers Institute for Medical Research , Kansas City, Missouri.,2 Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
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30
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Venero Galanternik M, Navajas Acedo J, Romero-Carvajal A, Piotrowski T. Imaging collective cell migration and hair cell regeneration in the sensory lateral line. Methods Cell Biol 2016; 134:211-56. [PMID: 27312495 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The accessibility of the lateral line system and its amenability to long-term in vivo imaging transformed the developing lateral line into a powerful model system to study fundamental morphogenetic events, such as guided migration, proliferation, cell shape changes, organ formation, organ deposition, cell specification and differentiation. In addition, the lateral line is not only amenable to live imaging during migration stages but also during postembryonic events such as sensory organ tissue homeostasis and regeneration. The robust regenerative capabilities of the mature, mechanosensory lateral line hair cells, which are homologous to inner ear hair cells and the ease with which they can be imaged, have brought zebrafish into the spotlight as a model to develop tools to treat human deafness. In this chapter, we describe protocols for long-term in vivo confocal imaging of the developing and regenerating lateral line.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Venero Galanternik
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, United States; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - J Navajas Acedo
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - A Romero-Carvajal
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, United States; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - T Piotrowski
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, United States; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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31
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Abstract
Several signaling pathways work together, via a protein called Amotl2a, to establish the size and shape of a zebrafish sense organ primordium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Dalle Nogare
- Section on Neural Developmental Dynamics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, United States
| | - Ajay B Chitnis
- Section on Neural Developmental Dynamics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, United States
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32
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He Y, Wang Z, Sun S, Tang D, Li W, Chai R, Li H. HDAC3 Is Required for Posterior Lateral Line Development in Zebrafish. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:5103-17. [PMID: 26395281 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are involved in multiple developmental processes, but their functions in the development of mechanosensory organs are largely unknown. In the present study, we report the presence of HDAC3 in the zebrafish posterior lateral line primordium and newly deposited neuromasts. We used morpholinos to show that HDAC3 knockdown severely disrupts the development of the posterior lateral line and reduces the numbers of neuromasts and sensory hair cells within these organs. In HDAC3 morphants, we also observed decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis, which might lead to these defects. Finally, we show that HDAC3 deficiency results in attenuated Fgf signaling in the migrating primordium. In situ hybridizations indicate aberrant expression patterns of Notch signaling pathway genes in HDAC3 morphants. In addition, inhibition of HDAC3 function diminishes cxcr7b and alters cxcl12a expression in the migrating primordium. Our results indicate that HDAC3 plays a crucial role in regulating posterior lateral line (PLL) formation and provide evidence for epigenetic regulation in auditory organ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi He
- Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengmin Wang
- Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shaoyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Tang
- Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Huawei Li
- Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China. .,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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33
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Solute Carrier Family 26 Member a2 (slc26a2) Regulates Otic Development and Hair Cell Survival in Zebrafish. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136832. [PMID: 26375458 PMCID: PMC4573323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is one of the most prevalent human birth defects. Genetic factors contribute to the pathogenesis of deafness. It is estimated that one-third of deafness genes have already been identified. The current work is an attempt to find novel genes relevant to hearing loss using guilt-by-profiling and guilt-by-association bioinformatics analyses of approximately 80 known non-syndromic hereditary hearing loss (NSHL) genes. Among the 300 newly identified candidate deafness genes, slc26a2 were selected for functional studies in zebrafish. The slc26a2 gene was knocked down using an antisense morpholino (MO), and significant defects were observed in otolith patterns, semicircular canal morphology, and lateral neuromast distributions in morphants. Loss-of-function defects are caused primarily by apoptosis, and morphants are insensitive to sound stimulation and imbalanced swimming behaviours. Morphant defects were found to be partially rescued by co-injection of human SLC26A2 mRNA. All the results suggest that bioinformatics is capable of predicting new deafness genes and this showed slc26a2 is to be a critical otic gene whose dysfunction may induce hearing impairment.
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34
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Agarwala S, Duquesne S, Liu K, Boehm A, Grimm L, Link S, König S, Eimer S, Ronneberger O, Lecaudey V. Amotl2a interacts with the Hippo effector Yap1 and the Wnt/β-catenin effector Lef1 to control tissue size in zebrafish. eLife 2015; 4:e08201. [PMID: 26335201 PMCID: PMC4596637 DOI: 10.7554/elife.08201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During development, proliferation must be tightly controlled for organs to reach their appropriate size. While the Hippo signaling pathway plays a major role in organ growth control, how it senses and responds to increased cell density is still unclear. In this study, we use the zebrafish lateral line primordium (LLP), a group of migrating epithelial cells that form sensory organs, to understand how tissue growth is controlled during organ formation. Loss of the cell junction-associated Motin protein Amotl2a leads to overproliferation and bigger LLP, affecting the final pattern of sensory organs. Amotl2a function in the LLP is mediated together by the Hippo pathway effector Yap1 and the Wnt/β-catenin effector Lef1. Our results implicate for the first time the Hippo pathway in size regulation in the LL system. We further provide evidence that the Hippo/Motin interaction is essential to limit tissue size during development. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08201.001 How do organs and tissues know when to stop growing? A cell communication pathway known as Hippo signaling plays a central role as it can tell cells to stop dividing. It is activated when cells in developing tissues come into contact with each other and causes a protein called Yap1 to be modified, which prevents it from entering the cell nucleus to activate genes that are involved in cell division. In a zebrafish embryo, an organ called the lateral line forms from a cluster of cells that migrate along the embryo's length. At regular intervals, the cluster deposits small bunches of cells from its trailing end. The resulting loss of cells from the cluster is balanced by cell division at the front of the cluster, which is triggered by another signaling pathway called Wnt signaling. A protein of the ‘Motin’ family called Amotl2a is present in this migrating cluster. Motin proteins form junctions between cells and inhibit the activity of Yap1, but it is not known whether they are involved in regulating the size of organs. Here, Agarwala et al. used the lateral line as a model to study the control of organ size in zebrafish embryos. The experiments show that when Amotl2a is absent, the migrating cell cluster becomes larger, with the highest levels of cell division occurring at its trailing end. Yap1 and a protein involved in Wnt signaling called Lef1 are also present in the cluster and are required for it to be normal in size. In zebrafish that lack Amotl2a, the additional loss of Yap1 prevents this cluster from becoming too large. From these and other results, it appears that Amotl2a regulates the size of the lateral line cell cluster by restricting the ability of Yap1 and Lef1 to promote cell division. Agarwala et al.'s findings demonstrate a role for Amotl2a in controlling the size of organs. A future challenge is to understand the details of how it restricts the activities of Yap1 and Lef1. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08201.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobhika Agarwala
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Developmental Biology, Institute for Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Sandra Duquesne
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Developmental Biology, Institute for Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Kun Liu
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Image Analysis Lab, Institute for Computer Science, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Anton Boehm
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Image Analysis Lab, Institute for Computer Science, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Lin Grimm
- Developmental Biology, Institute for Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Sandra Link
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Developmental Biology, Institute for Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Sabine König
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Stefan Eimer
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,ZBSA Center for Biological Systems Analysis, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Olaf Ronneberger
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Image Analysis Lab, Institute for Computer Science, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Virginie Lecaudey
- Developmental Biology, Institute for Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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35
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Zhang J, Yuan S, Vasilyev A, Amin Arnaout M. The transcriptional coactivator Taz regulates proximodistal patterning of the pronephric tubule in zebrafish. Mech Dev 2015; 138 Pt 3:328-35. [PMID: 26248207 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish pronephric tubule consists of proximal and distal segments and a collecting duct. The proximal segment is subdivided into the neck, proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and proximal straight tubule (PST) segments. The distal segment consists of the distal-early (DE) and distal-late (DL) segments. How the proximal and distal segments develop along the anteroposterior axis is poorly understood. Here we show that knockdown of taz in zebrafish caused shortening and a significant reduction in the number of principal cells of the PST-DE segment, and proximalization of the pronephric tubule in 24 hpf embryos. RA treatment expanded the pronephric proximal domain in normal embryos as in taz morphants, an effect that was further enhanced upon exposure of taz morphants to RA. The early pronephric defects in 24 hpf taz morphants led to the failure of anterior pronephric tubule migration and convolution, and to PCT dilation and cyst formation in older embryos. In situ hybridization showed weak and transient expression of taz at the bud stage in the intermediate mesoderm, the source of pronephric progenitors. The present findings show that Taz is required in the anteroposterior patterning of the pronephric progenitor domain in the intermediate mesoderm, acting in part by regulating RA signaling in the pronephric progenitor field in the intermediate mesoderm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Zhang
- Leukocyte Biology & Inflammation Program, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States
| | - Shipeng Yuan
- Leukocyte Biology & Inflammation Program, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States
| | - Aleksandr Vasilyev
- Leukocyte Biology & Inflammation Program, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States
| | - M Amin Arnaout
- Leukocyte Biology & Inflammation Program, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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36
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He Y, Tang D, Cai C, Chai R, Li H. LSD1 is Required for Hair Cell Regeneration in Zebrafish. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:2421-34. [PMID: 26008620 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A) plays an important role in complex cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression. It has recently been demonstrated that during development, downregulation of LSD1 inhibits cell proliferation, modulates the expression of cell cycle regulators, and reduces hair cell formation in the zebrafish lateral line, which suggests that LSD1-mediated epigenetic regulation plays a key role in the development of hair cells. However, the role of LSD1 in hair cell regeneration after hair cell loss remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate the effect of LSD1 on hair cell regeneration following neomycin-induced hair cell loss. We show that the LSD1 inhibitor trans-2-phenylcyclopropylamine (2-PCPA) significantly decreases the regeneration of hair cells in zebrafish after neomycin damage. In addition, immunofluorescent staining demonstrates that 2-PCPA administration suppresses supporting cell proliferation and alters cell cycle progression. Finally, in situ hybridization shows that 2-PCPA significantly downregulates the expression of genes related to Wnt/β-catenin and Fgf activation. Altogether, our data suggest that downregulation of LSD1 significantly decreases hair cell regeneration after neomycin-induced hair cell loss through inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin and Fgf signaling pathways. Thus, LSD1 plays a critical role in hair cell regeneration and might represent a novel biomarker and potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengfu Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Huawei Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Hearing Science, Ministry of Health, EENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Jansson L, Kim GS, Cheng AG. Making sense of Wnt signaling-linking hair cell regeneration to development. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:66. [PMID: 25814927 PMCID: PMC4356074 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling is a highly conserved pathway crucial for development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. Secreted Wnt ligands bind Frizzled receptors to regulate diverse processes such as axis patterning, cell division, and cell fate specification. They also serve to govern self-renewal of somatic stem cells in several adult tissues. The complexity of the pathway can be attributed to the myriad of Wnt and Frizzled combinations as well as its diverse context-dependent functions. In the developing mouse inner ear, Wnt signaling plays diverse roles, including specification of the otic placode and patterning of the otic vesicle. At later stages, its activity governs sensory hair cell specification, cell cycle regulation, and hair cell orientation. In regenerating sensory organs from non-mammalian species, Wnt signaling can also regulate the extent of proliferative hair cell regeneration. This review describes the current knowledge of the roles of Wnt signaling and Wnt-responsive cells in hair cell development and regeneration. We also discuss possible future directions and the potential application and limitation of Wnt signaling in augmenting hair cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Jansson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Grace S Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alan G Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA
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Venero Galanternik M, Kramer KL, Piotrowski T. Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans Regulate Fgf Signaling and Cell Polarity during Collective Cell Migration. Cell Rep 2015; 10:414-428. [PMID: 25600875 PMCID: PMC4531098 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Collective cell migration is a highly regulated morphogenetic movement during embryonic development and cancer invasion that involves the precise orchestration and integration of cell-autonomous mechanisms and environmental signals. Coordinated lateral line primordium migration is controlled by the regulation of chemokine receptors via compartmentalized Wnt/β-catenin and fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) signaling. Analysis of mutations in two exostosin glycosyltransferase genes (extl3 and ext2) revealed that loss of heparan sulfate (HS) chains results in a failure of collective cell migration due to enhanced Fgf ligand diffusion and loss of Fgf signal transduction. Consequently, Wnt/β-catenin signaling is activated ectopically, resulting in the subsequent loss of the chemokine receptor cxcr7b. Disruption of HS proteoglycan (HSPG) function induces extensive, random filopodia formation, demonstrating that HSPGs are involved in maintaining cell polarity in collectively migrating cells. The HSPGs themselves are regulated by the Wnt/β-catenin and Fgf pathways and thus are integral components of the regulatory network that coordinates collective cell migration with organ specification and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Venero Galanternik
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kenneth L Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Tatjana Piotrowski
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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Attia L, Schneider J, Yelin R, Schultheiss TM. Collective cell migration of the nephric duct requires FGF signaling. Dev Dyn 2014; 244:157-67. [PMID: 25516335 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the course of development, the vertebrate nephric duct (ND) extends and migrates from the place of its initial formation, adjacent to the anterior somites, until it inserts into the bladder or cloaca in the posterior region of the embryo. The molecular mechanisms that guide ND migration are poorly understood. RESULTS A novel Gata3-enhancer-Gfp-based chick embryo live imaging system was developed that permits documentation of ND migration at the individual cell level for the first time. FGF Receptors and FGF response genes are expressed in the ND, and FGF ligands are expressed in surrounding tissues. FGF receptor inhibition blocked nephric duct migration. Individual inhibitors of the Erk, p38, or Jnk pathways did not affect duct migration, but inhibition of all three pathways together did inhibit migration of the duct. A localized source of FGF8 placed adjacent to the nephric duct did not affect the duct migration path. CONCLUSIONS FGF signaling acts as a "motor" that is required for duct migration, but other signals are needed to determine the directionality of the duct migration pathway. Developmental Dynamics 244:157-167, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lital Attia
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Reverse genetic screening reveals poor correlation between morpholino-induced and mutant phenotypes in zebrafish. Dev Cell 2014; 32:97-108. [PMID: 25533206 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 544] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The widespread availability of programmable site-specific nucleases now enables targeted gene disruption in the zebrafish. In this study, we applied site-specific nucleases to generate zebrafish lines bearing individual mutations in more than 20 genes. We found that mutations in only a small proportion of genes caused defects in embryogenesis. Moreover, mutants for ten different genes failed to recapitulate published Morpholino-induced phenotypes (morphants). The absence of phenotypes in mutant embryos was not likely due to maternal effects or failure to eliminate gene function. Consistently, a comparison of published morphant defects with the Sanger Zebrafish Mutation Project revealed that approximately 80% of morphant phenotypes were not observed in mutant embryos, similar to our mutant collection. Based on these results, we suggest that mutant phenotypes become the standard metric to define gene function in zebrafish, after which Morpholinos that recapitulate respective phenotypes could be reliably applied for ancillary analyses.
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Itch is required for lateral line development in zebrafish. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111799. [PMID: 25369329 PMCID: PMC4219781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish posterior lateral line is formed during early development by the deposition of neuromasts from a migrating primordium. The molecular mechanisms regulating the regional organization and migration of the primordium involve interactions between Fgf and Wnt/β-catenin signaling and the establishment of specific cxcr4b and cxcr7b cytokine receptor expression domains. Itch has been identified as a regulator in several different signaling pathways, including Wnt and Cxcr4 signaling. We identified two homologous itch genes in zebrafish, itcha and itchb, with generalized expression patterns. By reducing itchb expression in particular upon morpholino knockdown, we demonstrated the importance of Itch in regulating lateral line development by perturbing the patterns of cxcr4b and cxcr7b expression. Itch knockdown results in a failure to down-regulate Wnt signaling and overexpression of cxcr4b in the primordium, slowing migration of the posterior lateral line primordium and resulting in abnormal development of the lateral line.
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Thomas ED, Cruz IA, Hailey DW, Raible DW. There and back again: development and regeneration of the zebrafish lateral line system. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2014; 4:1-16. [PMID: 25330982 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish lateral line is a sensory system used to detect changes in water flow. It is comprised of clusters of mechanosensory hair cells called neuromasts. The lateral line is initially established by a migratory group of cells, called a primordium, that deposits neuromasts at stereotyped locations along the surface of the fish. Wnt, FGF, and Notch signaling are all important regulators of various aspects of lateral line development, from primordium migration to hair cell specification. As zebrafish age, the organization of the lateral line becomes more complex in order to accommodate the fish's increased size. This expansion is regulated by many of the same factors involved in the initial development. Furthermore, unlike mammalian hair cells, lateral line hair cells have the capacity to regenerate after damage. New hair cells arise from the proliferation and differentiation of surrounding support cells, and the molecular and cellular pathways regulating this are beginning to be elucidated. All in all, the zebrafish lateral line has proven to be an excellent model in which to study a diverse array of processes, including collective cell migration, cell polarity, cell fate, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Thomas
- Graduate Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Lush ME, Piotrowski T. Sensory hair cell regeneration in the zebrafish lateral line. Dev Dyn 2014; 243:1187-202. [PMID: 25045019 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Damage or destruction of sensory hair cells in the inner ear leads to hearing or balance deficits that can be debilitating, especially in older adults. Unfortunately, the damage is permanent, as regeneration of the inner ear sensory epithelia does not occur in mammals. RESULTS Zebrafish and other non-mammalian vertebrates have the remarkable ability to regenerate sensory hair cells and understanding the molecular and cellular basis for this regenerative ability will hopefully aid us in designing therapies to induce regeneration in mammals. Zebrafish not only possess hair cells in the ear but also in the sensory lateral line system. Hair cells in both organs are functionally analogous to hair cells in the inner ear of mammals. The lateral line is a mechanosensory system found in most aquatic vertebrates that detects water motion and aids in predator avoidance, prey capture, schooling, and mating. Although hair cell regeneration occurs in both the ear and lateral line, most research to date has focused on the lateral line due to its relatively simple structure and accessibility. CONCLUSIONS Here we review the recent discoveries made during the characterization of hair cell regeneration in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Lush
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri
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WENG XIAPING, LIN PINGDONG, LIU FAYUAN, CHEN JIASHOU, LI HUITING, HUANG LICHAN, ZHEN CHUNSONG, XU HUIFENG, LIU XIANXIANG, YE HONGZHI, LI XIHAI. Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to promote chondrocyte proliferation. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:1045-50. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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McGraw HF, Culbertson MD, Nechiporuk AV. Kremen1 restricts Dkk activity during posterior lateral line development in zebrafish. Development 2014; 141:3212-21. [PMID: 25038040 DOI: 10.1242/dev.102541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Canonical Wnt signaling plays crucial roles during development and disease. How Wnt signaling is modulated in different in vivo contexts is currently not well understood. Here, we investigate the modulation of Wnt signaling in the posterior lateral line primordium (pLLP), a cohort of ~100 cells that collectively migrate along the trunk of the zebrafish embryo. The pLLP comprises proliferative progenitor cells and organized epithelial cells that will form the mechanosensory organs of the posterior lateral line. Wnt signaling is active in the leading progenitor zone of the pLLP and restricted from the trailing zone through expression of the secreted Wnt inhibitors dkk1b and dkk2. We have identified a zebrafish strain, krm1(nl10), which carries a mutation in the kremen1 gene, a non-obligate co-receptor for the Dkk family of proteins. Previous studies have shown that Kremen1 inhibits Wnt signaling by facilitating internalization of the Kremen1-Dkk-Lrp5/6 complex. Surprisingly, we found that disruption of Kremen1 in the pLLP exhibited molecular and cellular phenotypes associated with a decrease rather than overactivation of Wnt signaling. Transplantation of wild-type cells into the mutant primordia failed to rescue the krm1(nl10) phenotype, thus revealing that the effects of Kremen1 loss are non-cell-autonomous. Finally, ectopic expression of Dkk1b-mTangerine protein revealed larger spread of the fusion protein in the mutant primordia compared with the wild type. Based on our data, we propose a novel mechanism in which Kremen1 modulates Wnt activity by restricting the range of secreted Dkk proteins during collective cell migration in the pLLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary F McGraw
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Maya D Culbertson
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Alex V Nechiporuk
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Ariza-Cosano A, Bensimon-Brito A, Gómez-Skarmeta JL, Bessa J. sox21a directs lateral line patterning by modulating FGF signaling. Dev Neurobiol 2014; 75:80-92. [PMID: 25044975 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of organs composed by repeated functional units is, in many cases, accomplished by the transition of cells from a progenitor to a differentiation domain, triggering a reiterated developmental program. Yet, how these discrete fields are formed during development is still a largely unresolved question. The posterior lateral line (pLL), a sensory organ present in fish and amphibians, develops from a primordium that migrates along the flanks of the animal periodically depositing neuromasts, the pLL functional units. In zebrafish (Danio rerio), the developmental program of the pLL is triggered by the transit of progenitor cells from a Wnt to a Fgf signaling domain. It has been proposed that these two fields are defined by the antagonistic activity of these two signaling pathways, but how they are formed and maintained is still an open question in the development of the pLL. In this work, we show that sox21a, an HMG -box transcription factor, is expressed within the Fgf domain. We demonstrate that, while the Fgf signaling pathway do not control sox21a, knockdown of sox21a causes impairment of Fgf signaling, expansion of the Wnt signaling domain and disruption of neuromast development. These results suggest that sox21a is a key player in the pLL primordium patterning, fine-tuning the border of the Fgf and Wnt signaling domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ariza-Cosano
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Ctra. Utrera Km 1, Seville, 41013, Spain
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Noda M, Takii K, Parajuli B, Kawanokuchi J, Sonobe Y, Takeuchi H, Mizuno T, Suzumura A. FGF-2 released from degenerating neurons exerts microglial-induced neuroprotection via FGFR3-ERK signaling pathway. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:76. [PMID: 24735639 PMCID: PMC4022102 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The accumulation of activated microglia is a hallmark of various neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia may have both protective and toxic effects on neurons through the production of various soluble factors, such as chemokines. Indeed, various chemokines mediate the rapid and accurate migration of microglia to lesions. In the zebra fish, another well-known cellular migrating factor is fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). Although FGF-2 does exist in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), it is unclear whether FGF-2 influences microglial function. Methods The extent of FGF-2 release was determined by ELISA, and the expression of its receptors was examined by immunocytochemistry. The effect of several drug treatments on a neuron and microglia co-culture system was estimated by immunocytochemistry, and the neuronal survival rate was quantified. Microglial phagocytosis was evaluated by immunocytochemistry and quantification, and microglial migration was estimated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Molecular biological analyses, such as Western blotting and promoter assay, were performed to clarify the FGF-2 downstream signaling pathway in microglia. Results Fibroblast growth factor-2 is secreted by neurons when damaged by glutamate or oligomeric amyloid β 1-42. FGF-2 enhances microglial migration and phagocytosis of neuronal debris, and is neuroprotective against glutamate toxicity through FGFR3-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway, which is directly controlled by Wnt signaling in microglia. Conclusions FGF-2 secreted from degenerating neurons may act as a ‘help-me’ signal toward microglia by inducing migration and phagocytosis of unwanted debris.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tetsuya Mizuno
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
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Lush ME, Piotrowski T. ErbB expressing Schwann cells control lateral line progenitor cells via non-cell-autonomous regulation of Wnt/β-catenin. eLife 2014; 3:e01832. [PMID: 24642408 PMCID: PMC3957165 DOI: 10.7554/elife.01832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper orchestration of quiescence and activation of progenitor cells is crucial during embryonic development and adult homeostasis. We took advantage of the zebrafish sensory lateral line to define niche-progenitor interactions to understand how integration of diverse signaling pathways spatially and temporally regulates the coordination of these processes. Our previous studies demonstrated that Schwann cells play a crucial role in negatively regulating lateral line progenitor proliferation. Here we demonstrate that ErbB/Neuregulin signaling is not only required for Schwann cell migration but that it plays a continued role in postmigratory Schwann cells. ErbB expressing Schwann cells inhibit lateral line progenitor proliferation and differentiation through non-cell-autonomous inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Subsequent activation of Fgf signaling controls sensory organ differentiation, but not progenitor proliferation. In addition to the lateral line, these findings have important implications for understanding how niche-progenitor cells segregate interactions during development, and how they may go wrong in disease states. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01832.001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Lush
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, United States
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Piotrowski T, Baker CVH. The development of lateral line placodes: taking a broader view. Dev Biol 2014; 389:68-81. [PMID: 24582732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The lateral line system of anamniote vertebrates enables the detection of local water movement and weak bioelectric fields. Ancestrally, it comprises neuromasts - small sense organs containing mechanosensory hair cells - distributed in characteristic lines over the head and trunk, flanked on the head by fields of electroreceptive ampullary organs, innervated by afferent neurons projecting respectively to the medial and dorsal octavolateral nuclei in the hindbrain. Given the independent loss of the electrosensory system in multiple lineages, the development and evolution of the mechanosensory and electrosensory components of the lateral line must be dissociable. Nevertheless, the entire system arises from a series of cranial lateral line placodes, which exhibit two modes of sensory organ formation: elongation to form sensory ridges that fragment (with neuromasts differentiating in the center of the ridge, and ampullary organs on the flanks), or migration as collectives of cells, depositing sense organs in their wake. Intensive study of the migrating posterior lateral line placode in zebrafish has yielded a wealth of information concerning the molecular control of migration and neuromast formation in this migrating placode, in this cypriniform teleost species. However, our mechanistic understanding of neuromast and ampullary organ formation by elongating lateral line placodes, and even of other zebrafish lateral line placodes, is sparse or non-existent. Here, we attempt to highlight the diversity of lateral line development and the limits of the current research focus on the zebrafish posterior lateral line placode. We hope this will stimulate a broader approach to this fascinating sensory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Piotrowski
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA.
| | - Clare V H Baker
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
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He Y, Wu J, Mei H, Yu H, Sun S, Shou J, Li H. Histone deacetylase activity is required for embryonic posterior lateral line development. Cell Prolif 2013; 47:91-104. [PMID: 24267956 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The posterior lateral line (PLL) system in zebrafish has recently become a model for investigating tissue morphogenesis. PLL primordium periodically deposits neuromasts as it migrates along the horizontal myoseptum from head to tail of the embryonic fish, and this migration requires activity of various molecular mechanisms. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been implicated in numerous biological processes of development, by regulating gene transcription, but their roles in regulating PLL during embryonic development have up to now remained unexplored. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, we used HDAC inhibitors to investigate the role of HDACs in early development of the zebrafish PLL sensory system. We further investigated development of the PLL by cell-specific immunostaining and in situ hybridization. RESULTS Our analysis showed that HDACs were involved in zebrafish PLL development as pharmacological inhibition of HDACs resulted in its defective formation. We observed that migration of PLL primordium was altered and accompanied by disrupted development of PLL neuromasts in HDAC inhibitor-treated embryos. In these, positions of PLL neuromasts were affected. In particular, the first PLL neuromast was displaced posteriorly in a treatment dose-dependent manner. Primordium cell proliferation was reduced upon HDAC inhibition. Finally, we showed that inhibition of HDAC function reduced numbers of hair cells in PLL neuromasts of HDAC inhibitor-treated embryos. CONCLUSION Here, we have revealed a novel role for HDACs in orchestrating PLL morphogenesis. Our results suggest that HDAC activity is necessary for control of cell proliferation and migration of PLL primordium and hair cell differentiation during early stages of PLL development in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y He
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
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