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Zaman T, Fahad TM, Rana M, Hossain MS, Mamun A, Haque MA, Sarker A, Islam MS, Haque MMUL, Naz T, Manik MIN, Ali H, Yamasu K, Khan A. Endosulfan affects embryonic development synergistically under elevated ambient temperature. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27665-z. [PMID: 37188935 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27665-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we determined the developmental toxicity of endosulfan at an elevated ambient temperature using the zebrafish animal model. Zebrafish embryos of various developmental stages were exposed to endosulfan through E3 medium, raised under two selected temperature conditions (28.5 °C and an elevated temperature of 35 °C), and monitored under the microscope. Zebrafish embryos of very early developmental stages (cellular cleavage stages, such as the 64-cell stage) were highly sensitive to the elevated temperature as 37.5% died and 47.5% developed into amorphous type, while only 15.0% of embryos developed as normal embryos without malformation. Zebrafish embryos that were exposed concurrently to endosulfan and an elevated temperature showed stronger developmental defects (arrested epiboly progress, shortened body length, curved trunk) compared to the embryos exposed to either endosulfan or an elevated temperature. The brain structure of the embryos that concurrently were exposed to the elevated temperature and endosulfan was either incompletely developed or malformed. Furthermore, the stress-implicated genes hsp70, p16, and smp30 regulations were synergistically affected by endosulfan treatment under the elevated thermal condition. Overall, the elevated ambient temperature synergistically enhanced the developmental toxicity of endosulfan in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanjeena Zaman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
- Rajshahi Institute of Bioscience, Maskatadighi, Motihar, Rajshahi, 6212, Bangladesh
| | | | - Masud Rana
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | | | - Al Mamun
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Anwarul Haque
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Ashananda Sarker
- Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Chittaranjan Avenue, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shariful Islam
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Minhaz-U L Haque
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Tarannum Naz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Imran Nur Manik
- Department of Pharmacy, Northern University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hazrat Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Kyo Yamasu
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Alam Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
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Song S, Du B, Chung-Davidson YW, Cui W, Li Y, Chen H, Huang R, Li W, Li F, Wang C, Ren J. Disruption of T-box transcription factor eomesa results in abnormal development of median fins in Oujiang color common carp Cyprinus carpio. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281297. [PMID: 36862620 PMCID: PMC9980737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Median fins are thought to be ancestors of paired fins which in turn give rise to limbs in tetrapods. However, the developmental mechanisms of median fins remain largely unknown. Nonsense mutation of the T-box transcription factor eomesa in zebrafish results in a phenotype without dorsal fin. Compared to zebrafish, the common carp undergo an additional round of whole genome duplication, acquiring an extra copy of protein-coding genes. To verify the function of eomesa genes in common carp, we established a biallelic gene editing technology in this tetraploidy fish through simultaneous disruption of two homologous genes, eomesa1 and eomesa2. We targeted four sites located upstream or within the sequences encoding the T-box domain. Sanger sequencing data indicated the average knockout efficiency was around 40% at T1-T3 sites and 10% at T4 site in embryos at 24 hours post fertilization. The individual editing efficiency was high to about 80% at T1-T3 sites and low to 13.3% at T4 site in larvae at 7 days post fertilization. Among 145 mosaic F0 examined at four months old, three individuals (Mutant 1-3) showed varying degrees of maldevelopment in the dorsal fin and loss of anal fin. Genotyping showed the genomes of all three mutants were disrupted at T3 sites. The null mutation rates on the eomesa1 and eomesa2 loci were 0% and 60% in Mutant 1, 66.7% and 100% in Mutant 2, and 90% and 77.8% in Mutant 3, respectively. In conclusion, we demonstrated a role of eomesa in the formation and development of median fins in Oujiang color common carp and established an method that simultaneously disrupt two homologous genes with one gRNA, which would be useful in genome editing in other polyploidy fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Song
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Certificated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Guizhou Institute of Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Bobo Du
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Certificated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Wen Chung-Davidson
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Wenyao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Certificated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaru Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Certificated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Honglin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Certificated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Guangdong Aquarium Association, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture Genetic and Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, China
| | - Chenghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Certificated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Certificated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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Shen W, Gong B, Xing C, Zhang L, Sun J, Chen Y, Yang C, Yan L, Chen L, Yao L, Li G, Deng H, Wu X, Meng A. Comprehensive maturity of nuclear pore complexes regulates zygotic genome activation. Cell 2022; 185:4954-4970.e20. [PMID: 36493774 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are channels for nucleocytoplasmic transport of proteins and RNAs. However, it remains unclear whether composition, structure, and permeability of NPCs dynamically change during the cleavage period of vertebrate embryos and affect embryonic development. Here, we report that the comprehensive NPC maturity (CNM) controls the onset of zygotic genome activation (ZGA) during zebrafish early embryogenesis. We show that more nucleoporin proteins are recruited to and assembled into NPCs with development, resulting in progressive increase of NPCs in size and complexity. Maternal transcription factors (TFs) transport into nuclei more efficiently with increasing CNM. Deficiency or dysfunction of Nup133 or Ahctf1/Elys impairs NPC assembly, maternal TFs nuclear transport, and ZGA onset, while nup133 overexpression promotes these processes. Therefore, CNM may act as a molecular timer for ZGA by controlling nuclear transport of maternal TFs that reach nuclear concentration thresholds at a given time to initiate ZGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bo Gong
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Cencan Xing
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiawei Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuling Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Changmei Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lu Yan
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Luxi Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Likun Yao
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangyuan Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaotong Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Anming Meng
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Developmental Diseases and Cancer Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510320, China.
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4
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Talbot CD, Walsh MD, Cutty SJ, Elsayed R, Vlachaki E, Bruce AEE, Wardle FC, Nelson AC. Eomes function is conserved between zebrafish and mouse and controls left-right organiser progenitor gene expression via interlocking feedforward loops. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:982477. [PMID: 36133924 PMCID: PMC9483813 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.982477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The T-box family transcription factor Eomesodermin (Eomes) is present in all vertebrates, with many key roles in the developing mammalian embryo and immune system. Homozygous Eomes mutant mouse embryos exhibit early lethality due to defects in both the embryonic mesendoderm and the extraembryonic trophoblast cell lineage. In contrast, zebrafish lacking the predominant Eomes homologue A (Eomesa) do not suffer complete lethality and can be maintained. This suggests fundamental differences in either the molecular function of Eomes orthologues or the molecular configuration of processes in which they participate. To explore these hypotheses we initially analysed the expression of distinct Eomes isoforms in various mouse cell types. Next we compared the functional capabilities of these murine isoforms to zebrafish Eomesa. These experiments provided no evidence for functional divergence. Next we examined the functions of zebrafish Eomesa and other T-box family members expressed in early development, as well as its paralogue Eomesb. Though Eomes is a member of the Tbr1 subfamily we found evidence for functional redundancy with the Tbx6 subfamily member Tbx16, known to be absent from eutherians. However, Tbx16 does not appear to synergise with Eomesa cofactors Mixl1 and Gata5. Finally, we analysed the ability of Eomesa and other T-box factors to induce zebrafish left-right organiser progenitors (known as dorsal forerunner cells) known to be positively regulated by vgll4l, a gene we had previously shown to be repressed by Eomesa. Here we demonstrate that Eomesa indirectly upregulates vgll4l expression via interlocking feedforward loops, suggesting a role in establishment of left-right asymmetry. Conversely, other T-box factors could not similarly induce left-right organiser progenitors. Overall these findings demonstrate conservation of Eomes molecular function and participation in similar processes, but differential requirements across evolution due to additional co-expressed T-box factors in teleosts, albeit with markedly different molecular capabilities. Our analyses also provide insights into the role of Eomesa in left-right organiser formation in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor D. Talbot
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Mark D. Walsh
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Cutty
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt’s House, Guy’s Campus, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Randa Elsayed
- Warwick Medical School, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Eirini Vlachaki
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley E. E. Bruce
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fiona C. Wardle
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt’s House, Guy’s Campus, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew C. Nelson
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Xing C, Shen W, Gong B, Li Y, Yan L, Meng A. Maternal Factors and Nodal Autoregulation Orchestrate Nodal Gene Expression for Embryonic Mesendoderm Induction in the Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:887987. [PMID: 35693948 PMCID: PMC9178097 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.887987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nodal proteins provide crucial signals for mesoderm and endoderm induction. In zebrafish embryos, the nodal genes ndr1/squint and ndr2/cyclops are implicated in mesendoderm induction. It remains elusive how ndr1 and ndr2 expression is regulated spatiotemporally. Here we investigated regulation of ndr1 and ndr2 expression using Mhwa mutants that lack the maternal dorsal determinant Hwa with deficiency in β-catenin signaling, Meomesa mutants that lack maternal Eomesodermin A (Eomesa), Meomesa;Mhwa double mutants, and the Nodal signaling inhibitor SB431542. We show that ndr1 and ndr2 expression is completely abolished in Meomesa;Mhwa mutant embryos, indicating an essential role of maternal eomesa and hwa. Hwa-activated β-catenin signaling plays a major role in activation of ndr1 expression in the dorsal blastodermal margin, while eomesa is mostly responsible for ndr1 expression in the lateroventral margin and Nodal signaling contributes to ventral expansion of the ndr1 expression domain. However, ndr2 expression mainly depends on maternal eomesa with minor or negligible contribution of maternal hwa and Nodal autoregulation. These mechanisms may help understand regulation of Nodal expression in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cencan Xing
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Weimin Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Gong
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqi Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Yan
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Anming Meng
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Anming Meng,
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6
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Luo H, Zhang Y, Deng Y, Li L, Sheng Z, Yu Y, Lin Y, Chen X, Feng P. Nxhl Controls Angiogenesis by Targeting VE-PTP Through Interaction With Nucleolin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:728821. [PMID: 34733844 PMCID: PMC8558974 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.728821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise regulation of angiogenesis is required for organ development, wound repair, and tumor progression. Here, we identified a novel gene, nxhl (New XingHuo light), that is conserved in vertebrates and that plays a crucial role in vascular integrity and angiogenesis. Bioinformatic analysis uncovered its essential roles in development based on co-expression with several key developmental genes. Knockdown of nxhl in zebrafish causes global and pericardial edema, loss of blood circulation, and vascular defects characterized by both reduced vascularization in intersegmental vessels and decreased sprouting in the caudal vein plexus. The nxhl gene also affects human endothelial cell behavior in vitro. We found that nxhl functions in part by targeting VE-PTP through interaction with NCL (nucleolin). Loss of ptprb (a VE-PTP ortholo) in zebrafish resulted in defects similar to nxhl knockdown. Moreover, nxhl deficiency attenuates tumor invasion and proteins (including VE-PTP and NCL) associated with angiogenesis and EMT. These findings illustrate that nxhl can regulate angiogenesis via a novel nxhl-NCL-VE-PTP axis, providing a new therapeutic target for modulating vascular formation and function, especially for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yongde Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yanfei Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Lequn Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhaoan Sheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanling Yu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yong Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaohan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Pengfei Feng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
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7
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Figiel DM, Elsayed R, Nelson AC. Investigating the molecular guts of endoderm formation using zebrafish. Brief Funct Genomics 2021:elab013. [PMID: 33754635 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate endoderm makes major contributions to the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts and all associated organs. Zebrafish and humans share a high degree of genetic homology and strikingly similar endodermal organ systems. Combined with a multitude of experimental advantages, zebrafish are an attractive model organism to study endoderm development and disease. Recent functional genomics studies have shed considerable light on the gene regulatory programs governing early zebrafish endoderm development, while advances in biological and technological approaches stand to further revolutionize our ability to investigate endoderm formation, function and disease. Here, we discuss the present understanding of endoderm specification in zebrafish compared to other vertebrates, how current and emerging methods will allow refined and enhanced analysis of endoderm formation, and how integration with human data will allow modeling of the link between non-coding sequence variants and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Figiel
- Medical Research Council Doctoral Training Partnership in Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research at Warwick Medical School
| | - Randa Elsayed
- Medical Research Council Doctoral Training Partnership in Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research at Warwick Medical School
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8
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Differences in postembryonic dorsal fin development resulted in phenotypic divergence in two goldfish strains, Red Cap Oranda and Ranchu. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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9
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Fuentes R, Tajer B, Kobayashi M, Pelliccia JL, Langdon Y, Abrams EW, Mullins MC. The maternal coordinate system: Molecular-genetics of embryonic axis formation and patterning in the zebrafish. Curr Top Dev Biol 2020; 140:341-389. [PMID: 32591080 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Axis specification of the zebrafish embryo begins during oogenesis and relies on proper formation of well-defined cytoplasmic domains within the oocyte. Upon fertilization, maternally-regulated cytoplasmic flow and repositioning of dorsal determinants establish the coordinate system that will build the structure and developmental body plan of the embryo. Failure of specific genes that regulate the embryonic coordinate system leads to catastrophic loss of body structures. Here, we review the genetic principles of axis formation and discuss how maternal factors orchestrate axis patterning during zebrafish early embryogenesis. We focus on the molecular identity and functional contribution of genes controlling critical aspects of oogenesis, egg activation, blastula, and gastrula stages. We examine how polarized cytoplasmic domains form in the oocyte, which set off downstream events such as animal-vegetal polarity and germ line development. After gametes interact and form the zygote, cytoplasmic segregation drives the animal-directed reorganization of maternal determinants through calcium- and cell cycle-dependent signals. We also summarize how maternal genes control dorsoventral, anterior-posterior, mesendodermal, and left-right cell fate specification and how signaling pathways pattern these axes and tissues during early development to instruct the three-dimensional body plan. Advances in reverse genetics and phenotyping approaches in the zebrafish model are revealing positional patterning signatures at the single-cell level, thus enhancing our understanding of genotype-phenotype interactions in axis formation. Our emphasis is on the genetic interrogation of novel and specific maternal regulatory mechanisms of axis specification in the zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Fuentes
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Benjamin Tajer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Manami Kobayashi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jose L Pelliccia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Elliott W Abrams
- Department of Biology, Purchase College, State University of New York, Harrison, NY, United States
| | - Mary C Mullins
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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10
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Abstract
Soon after fertilization the zebrafish embryo generates the pool of cells that will give rise to the germline and the three somatic germ layers of the embryo (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm). As the basic body plan of the vertebrate embryo emerges, evolutionarily conserved developmental signaling pathways, including Bmp, Nodal, Wnt, and Fgf, direct the nearly totipotent cells of the early embryo to adopt gene expression profiles and patterns of cell behavior specific to their eventual fates. Several decades of molecular genetics research in zebrafish has yielded significant insight into the maternal and zygotic contributions and mechanisms that pattern this vertebrate embryo. This new understanding is the product of advances in genetic manipulations and imaging technologies that have allowed the field to probe the cellular, molecular and biophysical aspects underlying early patterning. The current state of the field indicates that patterning is governed by the integration of key signaling pathways and physical interactions between cells, rather than a patterning system in which distinct pathways are deployed to specify a particular cell fate. This chapter focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the genetic and molecular control of the events that impart cell identity and initiate the patterning of tissues that are prerequisites for or concurrent with movements of gastrulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence L Marlow
- Icahn School of Medicine Mount Sinai Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, New York, NY, United States.
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11
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Abstract
Epiboly is a conserved gastrulation movement describing the thinning and spreading of a sheet or multi-layer of cells. The zebrafish embryo has emerged as a vital model system to address the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive epiboly. In the zebrafish embryo, the blastoderm, consisting of a simple squamous epithelium (the enveloping layer) and an underlying mass of deep cells, as well as a yolk nuclear syncytium (the yolk syncytial layer) undergo epiboly to internalize the yolk cell during gastrulation. The major events during zebrafish epiboly are: expansion of the enveloping layer and the internal yolk syncytial layer, reduction and removal of the yolk membrane ahead of the advancing blastoderm margin and deep cell rearrangements between the enveloping layer and yolk syncytial layer to thin the blastoderm. Here, work addressing the cellular and molecular mechanisms as well as the sources of the mechanical forces that underlie these events is reviewed. The contribution of recent findings to the current model of epiboly as well as open questions and future prospects are also discussed.
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12
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Zhang W, Zhang Y, Li S, Wu Z, Yan Y, Li Y. Prmt7 regulates epiboly and gastrulation cell movements by facilitating syntenin. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:1280-1287. [PMID: 30383201 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epiboly spreads and thins the blastoderm over the yolk cell during zebrafish gastrulation. Despite of its fundamental function, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that control this coordinated cell movement. In this study, we investigated protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (Prmt7) morphants with an epibolic delay defect in zebrafish. The ratio of morphants with epiboly delay phenotypes increased as the dose of the injected morpholino (MO) increased. Here, syntenin transcripts are maternally deposited and ubiquitously expressed from the oocyte period to the early larva stage. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Prmt7 modulates epibolic movements of the enveloping layer by regulating F-actin organization. These defects can be partially rescued by re-expression of Prmt7 or syntenin protein. Analysis of the earliest cellular defects suggested a role of Prmt7 in the autonomous vegetal expansion of the yolk syncytial layer and the rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton in extra-embryonic tissues. By a combination of knockdown studies and rescue experiments in zebrafish, we showed that epiboly relies on the molecular networking of Prmt7 by facilitating syntenin, which acts as a regulator for cytoskeleton. This study identifies the important function of the Prmt7 for the progression of zebrafish epiboly and establishes its key role in directional cell movements during early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuwen Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Center, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhili Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanchang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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13
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Dasgupta S, Cheng V, Vliet SMF, Mitchell CA, Volz DC. Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) Phosphate Exposure During the Early-Blastula Stage Alters the Normal Trajectory of Zebrafish Embryogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:10820-10828. [PMID: 30157643 PMCID: PMC6169527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) is an organophosphate flame retardant used around the world. Within zebrafish, we previously showed that initiation of TDCIPP exposure during cleavage (0.75 h post-fertilization, hpf) results in epiboly disruption at 6 hpf, leading to dorsalized embryos by 24 hpf, a phenotype that mimics the effects of dorsomorphin (DMP), a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist that dorsalizes embryos in the absence of epiboly defects. The objective of this study was to (1) investigate the role of BMP signaling in TDCIPP-induced toxicity during early embryogenesis, (2) identify other pathways and processes targeted by TDCIPP, and (3) characterize the downstream impacts of early developmental defects. Using zebrafish as a model, we first identified a sensitive window for TDCIPP-induced effects following exposure initiation at 0.75 hpf. We then investigated the effects of TDCIPP on the transcriptome during the first 24 h of development using mRNA sequencing and amplicon sequencing. Finally, we relied on whole-mount immunohistochemistry, dye-based labeling, and morphological assessments to study abnormalities later in embryonic development. Overall, our data suggest that the initiation of TDCIPP exposure during early blastula alters the normal trajectory of early embryogenesis by inducing gastrulation defects and aberrant germ-layer formation, leading to abnormal tissue and organ development within the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subham Dasgupta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Vanessa Cheng
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Sara M. F. Vliet
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Constance A. Mitchell
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - David C. Volz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Phone: (951) 827-4450; Fax: (951) 827 3993;
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14
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Nelson AC, Cutty SJ, Gasiunas SN, Deplae I, Stemple DL, Wardle FC. In Vivo Regulation of the Zebrafish Endoderm Progenitor Niche by T-Box Transcription Factors. Cell Rep 2018; 19:2782-2795. [PMID: 28658625 PMCID: PMC5494305 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
T-box transcription factors T/Brachyury homolog A (Ta) and Tbx16 are essential for correct mesoderm development in zebrafish. The downstream transcriptional networks guiding their functional activities are poorly understood. Additionally, important contributions elsewhere are likely masked due to redundancy. Here, we exploit functional genomic strategies to identify Ta and Tbx16 targets in early embryogenesis. Surprisingly, we discovered they not only activate mesodermal gene expression but also redundantly regulate key endodermal determinants, leading to substantial loss of endoderm in double mutants. To further explore the gene regulatory networks (GRNs) governing endoderm formation, we identified targets of Ta/Tbx16-regulated homeodomain transcription factor Mixl1, which is absolutely required in zebrafish for endoderm formation. Interestingly, we find many endodermal determinants coordinately regulated through common genomic occupancy by Mixl1, Eomesa, Smad2, Nanog, Mxtx2, and Pou5f3. Collectively, these findings augment the endoderm GRN and reveal a panel of target genes underlying the Ta, Tbx16, and Mixl1 mutant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Nelson
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK; School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Stephen J Cutty
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Saule N Gasiunas
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Isabella Deplae
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Derek L Stemple
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Fiona C Wardle
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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15
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Eckerle S, Ringler M, Lecaudey V, Nitschke R, Driever W. Progesterone modulates microtubule dynamics and epiboly progression during zebrafish gastrulation. Dev Biol 2018; 434:249-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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van Boxtel AL, Economou AD, Heliot C, Hill CS. Long-Range Signaling Activation and Local Inhibition Separate the Mesoderm and Endoderm Lineages. Dev Cell 2018; 44:179-191.e5. [PMID: 29275993 PMCID: PMC5791662 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Specification of the three germ layers by graded Nodal signaling has long been seen as a paradigm for patterning through a single morphogen gradient. However, by exploiting the unique properties of the zebrafish embryo to capture the dynamics of signaling and cell fate allocation, we now demonstrate that Nodal functions in an incoherent feedforward loop, together with Fgf, to determine the pattern of endoderm and mesoderm specification. We show that Nodal induces long-range Fgf signaling while simultaneously inducing the cell-autonomous Fgf signaling inhibitor Dusp4 within the first two cell tiers from the margin. The consequent attenuation of Fgf signaling in these cells allows specification of endoderm progenitors, while the cells further from the margin, which receive Nodal and/or Fgf signaling, are specified as mesoderm. This elegant model demonstrates the necessity of feedforward and feedback interactions between multiple signaling pathways for providing cells with temporal and positional information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonius L van Boxtel
- Developmental Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Andrew D Economou
- Developmental Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Claire Heliot
- Developmental Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Caroline S Hill
- Developmental Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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17
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Veil M, Schaechtle MA, Gao M, Kirner V, Buryanova L, Grethen R, Onichtchouk D. Maternal Nanog is required for zebrafish embryo architecture and for cell viability during gastrulation. Development 2018; 145:dev.155366. [PMID: 29180568 DOI: 10.1242/dev.155366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanog has been implicated in establishment of pluripotency in mammals and in zygotic genome activation in zebrafish. In this study, we characterize the development of MZnanog (maternal and zygotic null) mutant zebrafish embryos. Without functional Nanog, epiboly is severely affected, embryo axes do not form and massive cell death starts at the end of gastrulation. We show that three independent defects in MZnanog mutants contribute to epiboly failure: yolk microtubule organization required for epiboly is abnormal, maternal mRNA fails to degrade owing to the absence of miR-430, and actin structure of the yolk syncytial layer does not form properly. We further demonstrate that the cell death in MZnanog embryos is cell-autonomous. Nanog is necessary for correct spatial expression of the ventral-specifying genes bmp2b, vox and vent, and the neural transcription factor her3 It is also required for the correctly timed activation of endoderm genes and for the degradation of maternal eomesa mRNA via miR-430. Our findings suggest that maternal Nanog coordinates several gene regulatory networks that shape the embryo during gastrulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Veil
- Developmental Biology, Institute Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Anna Schaechtle
- Developmental Biology, Institute Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Meijiang Gao
- Developmental Biology, Institute Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Viola Kirner
- Developmental Biology, Institute Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lenka Buryanova
- Developmental Biology, Institute Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rachel Grethen
- Developmental Biology, Institute Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daria Onichtchouk
- Developmental Biology, Institute Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany .,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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18
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Cooperation Between T-Box Factors Regulates the Continuous Segregation of Germ Layers During Vertebrate Embryogenesis. Curr Top Dev Biol 2017; 122:117-159. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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19
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20
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Localization in Oogenesis of Maternal Regulators of Embryonic Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 953:173-207. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-46095-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Bruce AE. Zebrafish epiboly: Spreading thin over the yolk. Dev Dyn 2015; 245:244-58. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E.E. Bruce
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
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22
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Zebrafish Rnf111 is encoded by multiple transcripts and is required for epiboly progression and prechordal plate development. Differentiation 2015; 89:22-30. [PMID: 25619648 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Arkadia (also known as RING finger 111) encodes a nuclear E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets intracellular effectors and modulators of TGFβ/Nodal-related signaling for polyubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation. In the mouse, loss of Arkadia results in early embryonic lethality, with defects attributed to compromised Nodal signaling. Here, we report the isolation of zebrafish arkadia/rnf111, which is represented by 5 transcript variants. arkadia/rnf111 is broadly expressed during the blastula and gastrula stages, with eventual enrichment in the anterior mesendoderm, including the prechordal plate. Morpholino knockdown experiments reveal an unexpected role for Arkadia/Rnf111 in both early blastula organization and epiboly progression. Using a splice junction morpholino, we present additional evidence that arkadia/rnf111 transcript variants containing a 3' alternative exon are specifically required for epiboly progression in the late gastrula. This result suggests that arkadia/rnf111 transcript variants encode functionally relevant protein isoforms that provide additional intracellular flexibility and regulation to the Nodal signaling pathway.
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23
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Nelson AC, Cutty SJ, Niini M, Stemple DL, Flicek P, Houart C, Bruce AEE, Wardle FC. Global identification of Smad2 and Eomesodermin targets in zebrafish identifies a conserved transcriptional network in mesendoderm and a novel role for Eomesodermin in repression of ectodermal gene expression. BMC Biol 2014; 12:81. [PMID: 25277163 PMCID: PMC4206766 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-014-0081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nodal signalling is an absolute requirement for normal mesoderm and endoderm formation in vertebrate embryos, yet the transcriptional networks acting directly downstream of Nodal and the extent to which they are conserved is largely unexplored, particularly in vivo. Eomesodermin also plays a role in patterning mesoderm and endoderm in vertebrates, but its mechanisms of action and how it interacts with the Nodal signalling pathway are still unclear. Results Using a combination of expression analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation with deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) we identify direct targets of Smad2, the effector of Nodal signalling in blastula stage zebrafish embryos, including many novel target genes. Through comparison of these data with published ChIP-seq data in human, mouse and Xenopus we show that the transcriptional network driven by Smad2 in mesoderm and endoderm is conserved in these vertebrate species. We also show that Smad2 and zebrafish Eomesodermin a (Eomesa) bind common genomic regions proximal to genes involved in mesoderm and endoderm formation, suggesting Eomesa forms a general component of the Smad2 signalling complex in zebrafish. Combinatorial perturbation of Eomesa and Smad2-interacting factor Foxh1 results in loss of both mesoderm and endoderm markers, confirming the role of Eomesa in endoderm formation and its functional interaction with Foxh1 for correct Nodal signalling. Finally, we uncover a novel role for Eomesa in repressing ectodermal genes in the early blastula. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that evolutionarily conserved developmental functions of Nodal signalling occur through maintenance of the transcriptional network directed by Smad2. This network is modulated by Eomesa in zebrafish which acts to promote mesoderm and endoderm formation in combination with Nodal signalling, whilst Eomesa also opposes ectoderm gene expression. Eomesa, therefore, regulates the formation of all three germ layers in the early zebrafish embryo. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-014-0081-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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24
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Lee SJ. Dynamic regulation of the microtubule and actin cytoskeleton in zebrafish epiboly. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:1-7. [PMID: 25117442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gastrulation is a key developmental stage with striking changes in morphology. Coordinated cell movements occur to bring cells to their correct positions in a timely manner. Cell movements and morphological changes are accomplished by precisely controlling dynamic changes in cytoskeletal proteins, microtubules, and actin filaments. Among those cellular movements, epiboly produces the first distinct morphological changes in teleosts. In this review, I describe epiboly and its mechanics, and the dynamic changes in microtubule networks and actin structures, mainly in zebrafish embryos. The factors regulating those cytoskeletal changes will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyh-Jye Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Rd., Sec., 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Rd., Sec., 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Rd., Sec., 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC; Center for System Biology, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Rd., Sec., 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC.
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25
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Xiao Q, Xia JH, Zhang XJ, Li Z, Wang Y, Zhou L, Gui JF. Type-IV antifreeze proteins are essential for epiboly and convergence in gastrulation of zebrafish embryos. Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10:715-32. [PMID: 25013380 PMCID: PMC4081606 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.9126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many organisms in extremely cold environments such as the Antarctic Pole have evolved antifreeze molecules to prevent ice formation. There are four types of antifreeze proteins (AFPs). Type-IV antifreeze proteins (AFP4s) are present also in certain temperate and even tropical fish, which has raised a question as to whether these AFP4s have important functions in addition to antifreeze activity. Here we report the identification and functional analyses of AFP4s in cyprinid fish. Two genes, namely afp4a and afp4b coding for AFP4s, were identified in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) and zebrafish (Danio rerio). In both species, afp4a and afp4b display a head-to-tail tandem arrangement and share a common 4-exonic gene structure. In zebrafish, both afp4a and afp4b were found to express specifically in the yolk syncytial layer (YSL). Interestingly, afp4a expression continues in YSL and digestive system from early embryos to adults, whereas afp4b expression is restricted to embryogenesis. Importantly, we have shown by using afp4a-specific and afp4b-specifc morpholino knockdown and cell lineage tracing approaches that AFP4a participates in epiboly progression by stabilizing yolk cytoplasmic layer microtubules, and AFP4b is primarily related to convergence movement. Therefore, both AFP4 proteins are essential for gastrulation of zebrafish embryos. Our current results provide first evidence that AFP such as AFP4 has important roles in regulating developmental processes besides its well-known function as antifreeze factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jian-Hong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jian-Fang Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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26
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Xu P, Zhu G, Wang Y, Sun J, Liu X, Chen YG, Meng A. Maternal Eomesodermin regulates zygotic nodal gene expression for mesendoderm induction in zebrafish embryos. J Mol Cell Biol 2014; 6:272-85. [DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mju028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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27
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Fontenille L, Rouquier S, Lutfalla G, Giorgi D. Microtubule-associated protein 9 (Map9/Asap) is required for the early steps of zebrafish development. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:1101-14. [PMID: 24553125 PMCID: PMC4013161 DOI: 10.4161/cc.27944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are structural components of the cell cytoskeleton and key factors for mitosis and ciliogenesis in eukaryotes. The regulation of MT dynamics requires non-motor MAPs. We previously showed that, in human cells in culture, MAP9 (also named ASAP) is involved in MT dynamics and is essential for mitotic spindle formation and mitosis progression. Indeed, misexpression of MAP9 leads to severe mitotic defects and cell death. Here, we investigated the in vivo role of map9 during zebrafish development. Map9 is expressed mainly as a maternal gene. Within cells, Map9 is associated with the MT network of the mitotic spindle and with centrosomes. Morpholino-mediated depletion of map9 leads to early development arrest before completion of epiboly. Map9 localizes to the MT array of the YSL. This MT network is destroyed in Map9-depleted embryos, and injection of anti-map9 morpholinos directly in the nascent YSL leads to arrest of epiboly/gastrulation. Finally, map9 knockdown deregulates the expression of genes involved in endodermal differentiation, dorso-ventral and left-right patterning, and other MT-based functions. At low morpholino doses, the surviving embryos show dramatic developmental defects, spindle and mitotic defects, and increased apoptosis. Our findings suggest that map9 is a crucial factor in early zebrafish development by regulating different MT-based processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fontenille
- Institute of Human Genetics; UPR 1142; CNRS; Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier 1; Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Rouquier
- Institute of Human Genetics; UPR 1142; CNRS; Montpellier, France
| | - Georges Lutfalla
- Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques; UMR 5235; CNRS; Universités de Montpellier 1&2; Montpellier, France
| | - Dominique Giorgi
- Institute of Human Genetics; UPR 1142; CNRS; Montpellier, France
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28
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Takizawa F, Araki K, Ohtani M, Toda H, Saito Y, Lampe VS, Dijkstra JM, Ototake M, Moritomo T, Nakanishi T, Fischer U. Transcription analysis of two Eomesodermin genes in lymphocyte subsets of two teleost species. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 36:215-222. [PMID: 24239596 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Eomesodermin (Eomes), a T-box transcription factor, is a key molecule associated with function and differentiation of CD8(+) T cells and NK cells. Previously, two teleost Eomes genes (Eomes-a and -b), which are located on different chromosomes, were identified and shown to be expressed in zebrafish lymphocytes. For the present study, we identified these genes in rainbow trout and ginbuna crucian carp. Deduced Eomes-a and -b amino acid sequences in both fish species contain a highly conserved T-box DNA binding domain. In RT-PCR, both Eomes transcripts were readily detectable in a variety of tissues in rainbow trout and ginbuna. The high expression of Eomes-a and -b in brain and ovary suggests involvement in neurogenesis and oogenesis, respectively, while their expression in lymphoid tissues presumably is associated with immune functions. Investigation of separated lymphocyte populations from pronephros indicated that both Eomes-a and -b transcripts were few or absent in IgM(+) lymphocytes, while relatively abundant in IgM(-)/CD8α(+) and IgM(-)/CD8α(-) populations. Moreover, we sorted trout CD8α(+) lymphocytes from mucosal and non-mucosal lymphoid tissues and compared the expression profiles of Eomes-a and -b with those of other T cell-related transcription factor genes (GATA-3, T-bet and Runx3), a Th1 cytokine gene (IFN-γ) and a Th2 cytokine gene (IL-4/13A). Interestingly, the tissue distribution of Eomes-a/b, T-bet, and Runx3 versus IFN-γ transcripts did not reveal simple correlations, suggesting tissue-specific properties of CD8α(+) lymphocytes and/or multiple modes that drive IFN-γ expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Takizawa
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute for Infectiology, Insel Riems, Germany; Laboratory of Fish Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Araki
- Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Shimoarata, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
| | - Maki Ohtani
- Laboratory of Fish Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideaki Toda
- Laboratory of Fish Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Saito
- Laboratory of Fish Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Veronica Soto Lampe
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute for Infectiology, Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | - Mitsuru Ototake
- Aquatic Animal Health Division, National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency, 422-1 Minami-Ise, Mie 516-0193, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Moritomo
- Laboratory of Fish Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Nakanishi
- Laboratory of Fish Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Uwe Fischer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute for Infectiology, Insel Riems, Germany.
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29
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Kumari P, Gilligan PC, Lim S, Tran LD, Winkler S, Philp R, Sampath K. An essential role for maternal control of Nodal signaling. eLife 2013; 2:e00683. [PMID: 24040511 PMCID: PMC3771576 DOI: 10.7554/elife.00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth factor signaling is essential for pattern formation, growth, differentiation, and maintenance of stem cell pluripotency. Nodal-related signaling factors are required for axis formation and germ layer specification from sea urchins to mammals. Maternal transcripts of the zebrafish Nodal factor, Squint (Sqt), are localized to future embryonic dorsal. The mechanisms by which maternal sqt/nodal RNA is localized and regulated have been unclear. Here, we show that maternal control of Nodal signaling via the conserved Y box-binding protein 1 (Ybx1) is essential. We identified Ybx1 via a proteomic screen. Ybx1 recognizes the 3’ untranslated region (UTR) of sqt RNA and prevents premature translation and Sqt/Nodal signaling. Maternal-effect mutations in zebrafish ybx1 lead to deregulated Nodal signaling, gastrulation failure, and embryonic lethality. Implanted Nodal-coated beads phenocopy ybx1 mutant defects. Thus, Ybx1 prevents ectopic Nodal activity, revealing a new paradigm in the regulation of Nodal signaling, which is likely to be conserved. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00683.001 In many organisms, embryonic development is controlled in part by RNAs that are deposited into the egg as it forms inside the mother. These ‘maternal RNAs’ may localize to particular regions of the egg or embryo, where they are then exclusively translated into protein and carry out their specific function. This helps to establish asymmetry in the developing organism—that is, to produce tissues that will eventually become the top or bottom, front or back, and left or right of the organism. One such maternal RNA encodes Nodal, a key signaling molecule that is conserved across vertebrate and some invertebrate organisms. In zebrafish, the equivalent RNA is called squint, and plays an important role in embryonic development. The squint RNA deposited by the mother localizes to the dorsal region—the embryo’s back—and signals that region to make dorsal tissues, but how squint is regulated is not well understood. Now, Kumari et al. identify a protein that controls the positioning of squint RNA, and find that it can also prevent this RNA from being translated into protein. The squint RNA contains a ‘dorsal localization element’ that recruits it to the dorsal cells of the embryo by the 4-cell stage (i.e., within two cell divisions after the egg is fertilized). Kumari et al. identified a protein called Ybx1 that could bind to this element: this protein may help to correctly position RNAs in many other organisms, including fruit flies and mammals. Strikingly, embryos formed abnormally when their maternally derived Ybx1 protein was mutant, and these mutations also prevented the squint RNA from localizing properly. This suggests that maternally derived Ybx1 protein directly regulates the squint RNA. As well as positioning the squint RNA correctly, the embryo must translate this RNA into protein at the right time. In embryos with mutant maternal Ybx1 protein, the Squint protein could be detected at the 16-cell stage, whereas in wild-type embryos this protein is not translated until the 256-cell stage; this indicates that Ybx1 protein might normally repress the translation of the squint RNA. Indeed, Kumari et al. found that Ybx1 binds to another protein—eIF4E—that recruits mRNAs to the ribosome (the cell’s translational machinery). Ybx1 might therefore prevent eIF4E from associating with other components of the ribosomal complex, and initiating the translation of the squint RNA, until additional signals have been received. It will be interesting to determine how widespread this regulatory mechanism is in other organisms. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00683.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Kumari
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory , National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore ; Department of Biological Sciences , National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
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Tran LD, Hino H, Quach H, Lim S, Shindo A, Mimori-Kiyosue Y, Mione M, Ueno N, Winkler C, Hibi M, Sampath K. Dynamic microtubules at the vegetal cortex predict the embryonic axis in zebrafish. Development 2012; 139:3644-52. [PMID: 22949618 DOI: 10.1242/dev.082362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In zebrafish, as in many animals, maternal dorsal determinants are vegetally localized in the egg and are transported after fertilization in a microtubule-dependent manner. However, the organization of early microtubules, their dynamics and their contribution to axis formation are not fully understood. Using live imaging, we identified two populations of microtubules, perpendicular bundles and parallel arrays, which are directionally oriented and detected exclusively at the vegetal cortex before the first cell division. Perpendicular bundles emanate from the vegetal cortex, extend towards the blastoderm, and orient along the animal-vegetal axis. Parallel arrays become asymmetric on the vegetal cortex, and orient towards dorsal. We show that the orientation of microtubules at 20 minutes post-fertilization can predict where the embryonic dorsal structures in zebrafish will form. Furthermore, we find that parallel microtubule arrays colocalize with wnt8a RNA, the candidate maternal dorsal factor. Vegetal cytoplasmic granules are displaced with parallel arrays by ~20°, providing in vivo evidence of a cortical rotation-like process in zebrafish. Cortical displacement requires parallel microtubule arrays, and probably contributes to asymmetric transport of maternal determinants. Formation of parallel arrays depends on Ca(2+) signaling. Thus, microtubule polarity and organization predicts the zebrafish embryonic axis. In addition, our results suggest that cortical rotation-like processes might be more common in early development than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Duc Tran
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, 117604 Singapore
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31
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Schepis A, Nelson WJ. Adherens junction function and regulation during zebrafish gastrulation. Cell Adh Migr 2012; 6:173-8. [PMID: 22568981 PMCID: PMC3427231 DOI: 10.4161/cam.20583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The adherens junction (AJ) comprises multi-protein complexes required for cell-cell adhesion in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Mutations in key proteins and mis-regulation of AJ adhesive properties can lead to pathologies such as cancer. In recent years, the zebrafish has become an excellent model organism to integrate cell biology in the context of a multicellular organization. The combination of classical genetic approaches with new tools for live imaging and biophysical approaches has revealed new aspects of AJ biology, particularly during zebrafish gastrulation. These studies have resulted in progress in understanding the relationship between cell-cell adhesion, cell migration and plasma membrane blebbing.
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Cadwalader EL, Condic ML, Yost HJ. 2-O-sulfotransferase regulates Wnt signaling, cell adhesion and cell cycle during zebrafish epiboly. Development 2012; 139:1296-305. [PMID: 22357927 DOI: 10.1242/dev.078238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
O-sulfotransferases modify heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) by catalyzing the transfer of a sulfate to a specific position on heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains. Although the roles of specific HSPG modifications have been described in cell culture and invertebrates, little is known about their functions or abilities to modulate specific cell signaling pathways in vertebrate development. Here, we report that 2-O-sulfotransferase (2-OST) is an essential component of canonical Wnt signaling in zebrafish development. 2-OST-deficient embryos have reduced GAG chain sulfation and are refractory to exogenous Wnt8 overexpression. Embryos in which maternally encoded 2-OST is knocked down have normal activation of several zygotic mesoderm, endoderm and ectoderm patterning genes, but have decreased deep cell adhesion and fail to initiate epiboly, which can be rescued by re-expression of 2-OST protein. Reduced cell adhesion and altered cell cycle regulation in 2-OST-deficient embryos are associated with decreased β-catenin and E-cadherin protein levels at cell junctions, and these defects can be rescued by reactivation of the intracellular Wnt pathway, utilizing stabilized β-catenin or dominant-negative Gsk3, but not by overexpression of Wnt8 ligand. Together, these results indicate that 2-OST functions within the Wnt pathway, downstream of Wnt ligand signaling and upstream of Gsk3β and β-catenin intracellular localization and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Cadwalader
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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