1
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Brookins E, Serrano SE, Hyder Z, Yacu GS, Finer G, Thomson BR. Non-endothelial expression of endomucin in the mouse and human choroid. Exp Eye Res 2024; 247:110054. [PMID: 39153592 PMCID: PMC11440475 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.110054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Endomucin (EMCN) is a 261 amino acid transmembrane glycoprotein that is highly expressed by venous and capillary endothelial cells where it plays a role in VEGF-mediated angiogenesis and regulation of immune cell recruitment. However, it is better known as a histological marker, where it has become widespread due to the commercial availability of high-quality antibodies that work under a wide range of conditions and in many tissues. The specificity of EMCN staining has been well-validated in retinal vessels, but while it has been used extensively as a marker in other tissues of the eye, including the choroid, the pattern of expression has not been described in detail. Here, in addition to endothelial expression in the choriocapillaris and deeper vascular layers, we characterize a population of EMCN-positive perivascular cells in the mouse choroid that did not co-localize with cells expressing other endothelial markers such as PECAM1 or PODXL. To confirm that these cells represented a new population of EMCN-expressing stromal cells, we then performed single cell RNA sequencing in choroids from adult wild-type mice. Analysis of this new dataset confirmed that, in addition to endothelial cells, Emcn mRNA expression was present in choroidal pericytes and a subset of fibroblasts, but not vascular smooth muscle cells. Besides Emcn, no known endothelial gene expression was detected in these cell populations, confirming that they did not represent endothelial-stromal doublets, a common technical artifact in single cell RNA seq datasets. Instead, choroidal Emcn-expressing fibroblasts exhibited high levels of chemokine and interferon signaling genes, while Emcn-negative fibroblasts were enriched in genes encoding extracellular matrix proteins. Emcn expressing fibroblasts were also detected in published datasets from mouse brain and human choroid, suggesting that stromal Emcn expression was not unique to the choroid and was evolutionarily conserved. Together, these findings highlight unique fibroblast and pericyte populations in the choroid and provide new context for the role of EMCN in the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elysse Brookins
- Department of Ophthalmology and Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Inst. Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sophia E Serrano
- Department of Ophthalmology and Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Inst. Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zain Hyder
- Department of Ophthalmology and Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Inst. Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - George S Yacu
- Lurie Children's Hospital Department of Nephrology and Stanley Manne Children's Research Inst., Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gal Finer
- Lurie Children's Hospital Department of Nephrology and Stanley Manne Children's Research Inst., Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Benjamin R Thomson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Inst. Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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2
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Agarwal S, Fineman J, Cornfield DN, Alvira CM, Zamanian RT, Goss K, Yuan K, Bonnet S, Boucherat O, Pullamsetti S, Alcázar MA, Goncharova E, Kudryashova TV, Nicolls MR, de Jesús Pérez V. Seeing pulmonary hypertension through a paediatric lens: a viewpoint. Eur Respir J 2024; 63:2301518. [PMID: 38575157 PMCID: PMC11187317 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01518-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life-threating condition associated with abnormally elevated pulmonary pressures and right heart failure. Current epidemiological data indicate that PH aetiologies are different between the adult and paediatric population. The most common forms of PH in adults are PH from left heart disease or chronic lung disease, followed by pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) [1]; in paediatric patients, PH is most often associated with developmental lung disorders and congenital heart disease (CHD) [2, 3]. In contrast to adults with PH, wherein patients worsen over time despite therapy, PH in children can improve with growth. For example, in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and PH morbidity and mortality are high, but with lung growth and ensuring no ongoing lung injury pulmonary vascular disease can improve as evidenced by discontinuation of vasodilator therapy in almost two-thirds of BPD-PH survivors by age 5 years [3, 4]. Paediatric pulmonary hypertension (PH) offers unique genetic and developmental insights that can help in the discovery of novel mechanisms and targets to treat adult PH https://bit.ly/3TMm6bi
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuti Agarwal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David N Cornfield
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary, Asthma, and Sleep Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Cristina M Alvira
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Roham T Zamanian
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Kara Goss
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ke Yuan
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sebastien Bonnet
- Department of Medicine, University of Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Boucherat
- Department of Medicine, University of Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Soni Pullamsetti
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Tatiana V Kudryashova
- University of Pittsburgh Heart, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark R Nicolls
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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3
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Bian F, Goda C, Wang G, Lan YW, Deng Z, Gao W, Acharya A, Reza AA, Gomez-Arroyo J, Merjaneh N, Ren X, Goveia J, Carmeliet P, Kalinichenko VV, Kalin TV. FOXF1 promotes tumor vessel normalization and prevents lung cancer progression through FZD4. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:1063-1090. [PMID: 38589650 PMCID: PMC11099127 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00064-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells re-program normal lung endothelial cells (EC) into tumor-associated endothelial cells (TEC) that form leaky vessels supporting carcinogenesis. Transcriptional regulators that control the reprogramming of EC into TEC are poorly understood. We identified Forkhead box F1 (FOXF1) as a critical regulator of EC-to-TEC transition. FOXF1 was highly expressed in normal lung vasculature but was decreased in TEC within non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Low FOXF1 correlated with poor overall survival of NSCLC patients. In mice, endothelial-specific deletion of FOXF1 decreased pericyte coverage, increased vessel permeability and hypoxia, and promoted lung tumor growth and metastasis. Endothelial-specific overexpression of FOXF1 normalized tumor vessels and inhibited the progression of lung cancer. FOXF1 deficiency decreased Wnt/β-catenin signaling in TECs through direct transcriptional activation of Fzd4. Restoring FZD4 expression in FOXF1-deficient TECs through endothelial-specific nanoparticle delivery of Fzd4 cDNA rescued Wnt/β-catenin signaling in TECs, normalized tumor vessels and inhibited the progression of lung cancer. Altogether, FOXF1 increases tumor vessel stability, and inhibits lung cancer progression by stimulating FZD4/Wnt/β-catenin signaling in TECs. Nanoparticle delivery of FZD4 cDNA has promise for future therapies in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Bian
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Chinmayee Goda
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Guolun Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Ying-Wei Lan
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Child Health, Phoenix Children's Research Institute, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, 475 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Zicheng Deng
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Child Health, Phoenix Children's Research Institute, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, 475 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Wen Gao
- Department of Child Health, Phoenix Children's Research Institute, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, 475 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Anusha Acharya
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Abid A Reza
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Jose Gomez-Arroyo
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Nawal Merjaneh
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 E Thomas Rd., Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Ren
- Division of Asthma Research of Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Jermaine Goveia
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Vladimir V Kalinichenko
- Department of Child Health, Phoenix Children's Research Institute, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, 475 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 E Thomas Rd., Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
| | - Tanya V Kalin
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Department of Child Health, Phoenix Children's Research Institute, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, 475 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 E Thomas Rd., Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, 475 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
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4
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Ostler H, Fall C, El‐Said H, Justino H, Haldeman S, Carroll J, Rao R. Early identification of SOX17 deficiency in infants to guide management of heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension using PDA stent to create reverse Potts shunt physiology. Pulm Circ 2024; 14:e12366. [PMID: 38655005 PMCID: PMC11035901 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (HPAH) is a rare progressive condition that includes patients with an identified genetic cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). HPAH and idiopathic PAH (IPAH) have an estimated combined incidence of 0.5-0.9 cases per million children-years. Several pathogenic variants have been associated with HPAH in children and adults, including genes BMPR2, TBX4, and ACVRL1, and more rarely with variants in genes such as SOX17. HPAH is often difficult to manage and has poor prognosis despite advances in medical therapy with many patients progressing to lung transplantation, right heart failure and death. Surgical and transcatheter Potts shunt creation can reduce systolic burden and has shown reduction in morbidity and mortality in children. Early genetic testing can provide both diagnostic and prognostic value in managing and counseling children with severe PAH and it can guide transcatheter or surgical management in refractory cases despite maximal medical therapies. We describe a patient with HPAH (SOX17 mutation) who underwent percutaneous patent ductus arteriosus stent for right ventricle decompression at 2 months of age with clinical management guidance by genetic testing results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Ostler
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Rady Children's HospitalUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Carolyn Fall
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Rady Children's HospitalUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Howaida El‐Said
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Rady Children's HospitalUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Henri Justino
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Rady Children's HospitalUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Shylah Haldeman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric CardiologyRady Children's HospitalSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jeanne Carroll
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Rady Children's HospitalUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rohit Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Rady Children's HospitalUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
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5
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Brookins E, Serrano SE, Yacu GS, Finer G, Thomson BR. Non-endothelial expression of Endomucin in the mouse and human choroid. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.08.584133. [PMID: 38559191 PMCID: PMC10979916 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.08.584133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Endomucin (EMCN) is a 261 AA transmembrane glycoprotein that is highly expressed by venous and capillary endothelial cells where it plays a role in VEGF-mediated angiogenesis and regulation of immune cell recruitment. However, it is better known as a histological marker, where it has become widespread due to the commercial availability of high-quality antibodies that work under a wide range of conditions and in many tissues. The specificity of EMCN staining has been well-validated in retinal vessels, but while it has been used extensively as a marker in other tissues of the eye, including the choroid, the pattern of expression has not been described in detail. Here, in addition to endothelial expression in the choriocapillaris and deeper vascular layers, we characterize a population of EMCN-positive perivascular cells in the mouse choroid that did not co-localize with cells expressing other endothelial markers such as PECAM1 or PODXL. To confirm that these cells represented a new population of EMCN-expressing stromal cells, we then performed single cell RNA sequencing in choroids from adult wild-type mice. Analysis of this new dataset confirmed that, in addition to endothelial cells, Emcn mRNA expression was present in choroidal pericytes and a subset of fibroblasts, but not vascular smooth muscle cells. Besides Emcn , no known endothelial gene expression was detected in these cell populations, confirming that they did not represent endothelial-stromal doublets, a common technical artifact in single cell RNA seq datasets. Instead, choroidal Emcn -expressing fibroblasts exhibited high levels of chemokine and interferon signaling genes, while Emcn -negative fibroblasts were enriched in genes encoding extracellular matrix proteins. Emcn expressing fibroblasts were also detected in published datasets from mouse brain and human choroid, suggesting that stromal Emcn expression was not unique to the choroid and was evolutionarily conserved. Together, these findings highlight unique fibroblast and pericyte populations in the choroid and provide new context for the role of EMCN in angiogenesis and immune cell recruitment.
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6
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Simmons Beck R, Liang OD, Klinger JR. Light at the ENDothelium-role of Sox17 and Runx1 in endothelial dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1274033. [PMID: 38028440 PMCID: PMC10656768 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1274033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease that is characterized by an obliterative vasculopathy of the distal pulmonary circulation. Despite significant progress in our understanding of the pathophysiology, currently approved medical therapies for PAH act primarily as pulmonary vasodilators and fail to address the underlying processes that lead to the development and progression of the disease. Endothelial dysregulation in response to stress, injury or physiologic stimuli followed by perivascular infiltration of immune cells plays a prominent role in the pulmonary vascular remodeling of PAH. Over the last few decades, our understanding of endothelial cell dysregulation has evolved and brought to light a number of transcription factors that play important roles in vascular homeostasis and angiogenesis. In this review, we examine two such factors, SOX17 and one of its downstream targets, RUNX1 and the emerging data that implicate their roles in the pathogenesis of PAH. We review their discovery and discuss their function in angiogenesis and lung vascular development including their roles in endothelial to hematopoietic transition (EHT) and their ability to drive progenitor stem cells toward an endothelial or myeloid fate. We also summarize the data from studies that link mutations in Sox17 with an increased risk of developing PAH and studies that implicate Sox17 and Runx1 in the pathogenesis of PAH. Finally, we review the results of recent studies from our lab demonstrating the efficacy of preventing and reversing pulmonary hypertension in animal models of PAH by deleting RUNX1 expression in endothelial or myeloid cells or by the use of RUNX1 inhibitors. By investigating PAH through the lens of SOX17 and RUNX1 we hope to shed light on the role of these transcription factors in vascular homeostasis and endothelial dysregulation, their contribution to pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH, and their potential as novel therapeutic targets for treating this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Simmons Beck
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Olin D. Liang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - James R. Klinger
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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7
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Yi D, Liu B, Ding H, Li S, Li R, Pan J, Ramirez K, Xia X, Kala M, Ye Q, Lee WH, Frye RE, Wang T, Zhao Y, Knox KS, Glembotski CC, Fallon MB, Dai Z. E2F1 Mediates SOX17 Deficiency-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension. Hypertension 2023; 80:2357-2371. [PMID: 37737027 PMCID: PMC10591929 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rare genetic variants and genetic variation at loci in an enhancer in SOX17 (SRY-box transcription factor 17) are identified in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and PAH with congenital heart disease. However, the exact role of genetic variants or mutations in SOX17 in PAH pathogenesis has not been reported. METHODS SOX17 expression was evaluated in the lungs and pulmonary endothelial cells (ECs) of patients with idiopathic PAH. Mice with Tie2Cre-mediated Sox17 knockdown and EC-specific Sox17 deletion were generated to determine the role of SOX17 deficiency in the pathogenesis of PAH. Human pulmonary ECs were cultured to understand the role of SOX17 deficiency. Single-cell RNA sequencing, RNA-sequencing analysis, and luciferase assay were performed to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of SOX17 deficiency-induced PAH. E2F1 (E2F transcription factor 1) inhibitor HLM006474 was used in EC-specific Sox17 mice. RESULTS SOX17 expression was downregulated in the lung and pulmonary ECs from patients with idiopathic PAH. Mice with Tie2Cre-mediated Sox17 knockdown and EC-specific Sox17 deletion induced spontaneously mild pulmonary hypertension. Loss of endothelial Sox17 in EC exacerbated hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in mice. Loss of SOX17 in lung ECs induced endothelial dysfunctions including upregulation of cell cycle programming, proliferative and antiapoptotic phenotypes, augmentation of paracrine effect on pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells, impaired cellular junction, and BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) signaling. E2F1 signaling was shown to mediate the SOX17 deficiency-induced EC dysfunction. Pharmacological inhibition of E2F1 in Sox17 EC-deficient mice attenuated pulmonary hypertension development. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that endothelial SOX17 deficiency induces pulmonary hypertension through E2F1. Thus, targeting E2F1 signaling represents a promising approach in patients with PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Hongxu Ding
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Shuai Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Rebecca Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Jiakai Pan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Karina Ramirez
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Xiaomei Xia
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Mrinalini Kala
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Qinmao Ye
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Won Hee Lee
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Ting Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Center of Translational Science, Florida International University, Port Saint Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kenneth S. Knox
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Christopher C. Glembotski
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Michael B. Fallon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Zhiyu Dai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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8
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Gallego-Zazo N, Miranda-Alcaraz L, Cruz-Utrilla A, del Cerro Marín MJ, Álvarez-Fuente M, del Mar Rodríguez Vázquez del Rey M, Guillén Rodríguez I, Becerra-Munoz VM, Moya-Bonora A, Ochoa Parra N, Parra A, Pascual P, Cazalla M, Silván C, Arias P, Valverde D, de Jesús-Pérez V, Lapunzina P, Escribano-Subías P, Tenorio-Castano J. Seven Additional Patients with SOX17 Related Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Review of the Literature. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1965. [PMID: 37895315 PMCID: PMC10606077 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an infrequent disorder characterized by high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries. It may lead to premature death or the requirement for lung and/or heart transplantation. Genetics plays an important and increasing role in the diagnosis of PAH. Here, we report seven additional patients with variants in SOX17 and a review of sixty previously described patients in the literature. Patients described in this study suffered with additional conditions including large septal defects, as described by other groups. Collectively, sixty-seven PAH patients have been reported so far with variants in SOX17, including missense and loss-of-function (LoF) variants. The majority of the loss-of-function variants found in SOX17 were detected in the last exon of the gene. Meanwhile, most missense variants were located within exon one, suggesting a probable tolerated change at the amino terminal part of the protein. In addition, we reported two idiopathic PAH patients presenting with the same variant previously detected in five patients by other studies, suggesting a possible hot spot. Research conducted on PAH associated with congenital heart disease (CHD) indicated that variants in SOX17 might be particularly prevalent in this subgroup, as two out of our seven additional patients presented with CHD. Further research is still necessary to clarify the precise association between the biological pathway of SOX17 and the development of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gallego-Zazo
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (A.P.); (P.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.); (P.A.); (P.L.)
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Raras en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ERN-ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Malformations Syndromes, Intellectual and Other Neuro-Developmental Disorders, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Lucía Miranda-Alcaraz
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (A.P.); (P.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.); (P.A.); (P.L.)
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Raras en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ERN-ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Malformations Syndromes, Intellectual and Other Neuro-Developmental Disorders, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Alejandro Cruz-Utrilla
- Unidad Multidisciplinar de Hipertensión Pulmonar, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-U.); (N.O.P.); (P.E.-S.)
- ERN-LUNG, European Reference Network on Rare Lung Diseases (Pulmonary Hypertension), 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- CIBERCV, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Jesús del Cerro Marín
- Unidad de Hipertensión Pulmonar Pediátrica, Servicio de Cardiología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (Irycis), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.J.d.C.M.); (M.Á.-F.)
| | - María Álvarez-Fuente
- Unidad de Hipertensión Pulmonar Pediátrica, Servicio de Cardiología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (Irycis), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.J.d.C.M.); (M.Á.-F.)
| | | | | | - Victor Manuel Becerra-Munoz
- CIBERCV, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Área del Corazón, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Amparo Moya-Bonora
- Unidad de Cardiología Pediátrica, Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Nuria Ochoa Parra
- Unidad Multidisciplinar de Hipertensión Pulmonar, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-U.); (N.O.P.); (P.E.-S.)
- ERN-LUNG, European Reference Network on Rare Lung Diseases (Pulmonary Hypertension), 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- CIBERCV, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Parra
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (A.P.); (P.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.); (P.A.); (P.L.)
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Raras en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ERN-ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Malformations Syndromes, Intellectual and Other Neuro-Developmental Disorders, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Patricia Pascual
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (A.P.); (P.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.); (P.A.); (P.L.)
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Raras en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ERN-ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Malformations Syndromes, Intellectual and Other Neuro-Developmental Disorders, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Mario Cazalla
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (A.P.); (P.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.); (P.A.); (P.L.)
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Raras en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ERN-ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Malformations Syndromes, Intellectual and Other Neuro-Developmental Disorders, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Cristina Silván
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (A.P.); (P.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.); (P.A.); (P.L.)
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Raras en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ERN-ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Malformations Syndromes, Intellectual and Other Neuro-Developmental Disorders, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Pedro Arias
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (A.P.); (P.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.); (P.A.); (P.L.)
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Raras en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ERN-ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Malformations Syndromes, Intellectual and Other Neuro-Developmental Disorders, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Diana Valverde
- Centro de Investigación en Nonomateriais e Biomedicina (CINBIO), Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CINBIO), 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Vinicio de Jesús-Pérez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (A.P.); (P.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.); (P.A.); (P.L.)
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Raras en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ERN-ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Malformations Syndromes, Intellectual and Other Neuro-Developmental Disorders, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Pilar Escribano-Subías
- Unidad Multidisciplinar de Hipertensión Pulmonar, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-U.); (N.O.P.); (P.E.-S.)
- ERN-LUNG, European Reference Network on Rare Lung Diseases (Pulmonary Hypertension), 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- CIBERCV, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jair Tenorio-Castano
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (A.P.); (P.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.); (P.A.); (P.L.)
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Raras en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ERN-ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Malformations Syndromes, Intellectual and Other Neuro-Developmental Disorders, 75019 Paris, France
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9
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Xu LI, Bai Y, Cheng Y, Sheng X, Sun D. Pan-cancer Analysis Reveals Cancer-dependent Expression of SOX17 and Associated Clinical Outcomes. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2023; 20:433-447. [PMID: 37643784 PMCID: PMC10464944 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM SRY-box containing gene 17 (SOX17) plays a pivotal role in cancer onset and progression and is considered a potential target for cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, the expression pattern of SOX17 in cancer and its clinical relevance remains unknown. Here, we explored the relationship between the expression of SOX17 and drug response by examining SOX17 expression patterns across multiple cancer types. MATERIALS AND METHODS Single-cell and bulk RNA-seq analyses were used to explore the expression profile of SOX17. Analysis results were verified with qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Survival, drug response, and co-expression analyses were performed to illustrate its correlation with clinical outcomes. RESULTS The results revealed that abnormal expression of SOX17 is highly heterogenous across multiple cancer types, indicating that SOX17 manifests as a cancer type-dependent feature. Furthermore, the expression pattern of SOX17 is also associated with cancer prognosis in certain cancer types. Strong SOX17 expression correlates with the potency of small molecule drugs that affect PI3K/mTOR signaling. FGF18, a gene highly relevant to SOX17, is involved in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that SOX17 is mainly expressed in endothelial cells and barely expressed in other cells but spreads to other cell types during the development of ovarian cancer. CONCLUSION Our study revealed the expression pattern of SOX17 in pan-cancer through bulk and single-cell RNA-seq analyses and determined that SOX17 is related to the diagnosis, staging, and prognosis of some tumors. These findings have clinical implications and may help identify mechanistic pathways amenable to pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I Xu
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Youhuang Bai
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yihang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiujie Sheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology Research Office, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Deqiang Sun
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, P.R. China;
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10
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Strekalova T, Moskvin O, Jain AY, Gorbunov N, Gorlova A, Sadovnik D, Umriukhin A, Cespuglio R, Yu WS, Tse ACK, Kalueff AV, Lesch KP, Lim LW. Molecular signature of excessive female aggression: study of stressed mice with genetic inactivation of neuronal serotonin synthesis. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:1113-1132. [PMID: 37542675 PMCID: PMC10460733 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02677-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Aggression is a complex social behavior, critically involving brain serotonin (5-HT) function. The neurobiology of female aggression remains elusive, while the incidence of its manifestations has been increasing. Yet, animal models of female aggression are scarce. We previously proposed a paradigm of female aggression in the context of gene x environment interaction where mice with partial genetic inactivation of tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (Tph2+/- mice), a key enzyme of neuronal 5-HT synthesis, are subjected to predation stress resulting in pathological aggression. Using deep sequencing and the EBSeq method, we studied the transcriptomic signature of excessive aggression in the prefrontal cortex of female Tph2+/- mice subjected to rat exposure stress and food deprivation. Challenged mutants, but not other groups, displayed marked aggressive behaviors. We found 26 genes with altered expression in the opposite direction between stressed groups of both Tph2 genotypes. We identified several molecular markers, including Dgkh, Arfgef3, Kcnh7, Grin2a, Tenm1 and Epha6, implicated in neurodevelopmental deficits and psychiatric conditions featuring impaired cognition and emotional dysregulation. Moreover, while 17 regulons, including several relevant to neural plasticity and function, were significantly altered in stressed mutants, no alteration in regulons was detected in stressed wildtype mice. An interplay of the uncovered pathways likely mediates partial Tph2 inactivation in interaction with severe stress experience, thus resulting in excessive female aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Strekalova
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Oleg Moskvin
- Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Singapore Medical School, BluMaiden Biosciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aayushi Y Jain
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nikita Gorbunov
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Gorlova
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Normal Physiology, Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Sadovnik
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Normal Physiology, Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksei Umriukhin
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Normal Physiology, Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Raymond Cespuglio
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Normal Physiology, Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Neuroscience Research Center of Lyon, Beliv Plateau, Claude-Bernard Lyon-1 University, Bron, France
| | - Wing Shan Yu
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anna Chung Kwan Tse
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Lee Wei Lim
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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11
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Ishida H, Maeda J, Uchida K, Yamagishi H. Unique Pulmonary Hypertensive Vascular Diseases Associated with Heart and Lung Developmental Defects. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:333. [PMID: 37623346 PMCID: PMC10455332 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10080333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although pediatric pulmonary hypertension (PH) shares features and mechanisms with adult PH, there are also some significant differences between the two conditions. Segmental PH is a unique pediatric subtype of PH with unclear and/or multifactorial pathophysiological mechanisms, and is often associated with complex congenital heart disease (CHD), pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect, and aortopulmonary collateral arteries. Some cases of complex CHD, associated with a single ventricle after Fontan operation, show pathological changes in the small peripheral pulmonary arteries and pulmonary vascular resistance similar to those observed in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This condition is termed as the pediatric pulmonary hypertensive vascular disease (PPHVD). Recent advances in genetics have identified the genes responsible for PAH associated with developmental defects of the heart and lungs, such as TBX4 and SOX17. Targeted therapies for PAH have been developed; however, their effects on PH associated with developmental heart and lung defects remain to be established. Real-world data analyses on the anatomy, pathophysiology, genetics, and molecular biology of unique PPHVD cases associated with developmental defects of the heart and lungs, using nationwide and/or international registries, should be conducted in order to improve the treatments and prognosis of patients with these types of pediatric PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Ishida
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Jun Maeda
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center, 2-8-29 Musashidai, Fuchu 183-8561, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - Keiko Uchida
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan;
- Keio University Health Center, 4-1-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8521, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamagishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan;
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12
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Walters R, Vasilaki E, Aman J, Chen CN, Wu Y, Liang OD, Ashek A, Dubois O, Zhao L, Sabrin F, Cebola I, Ferrer J, Morrell NW, Klinger JR, Wilkins MR, Zhao L, Rhodes CJ. SOX17 Enhancer Variants Disrupt Transcription Factor Binding And Enhancer Inactivity Drives Pulmonary Hypertension. Circulation 2023; 147:1606-1621. [PMID: 37066790 PMCID: PMC7614572 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.061940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease characterized by remodeling of the pulmonary arteries, increased vascular resistance, and right-sided heart failure. Genome-wide association studies of idiopathic/heritable PAH established novel genetic risk variants, including conserved enhancers upstream of transcription factor (TF) SOX17 containing 2 independent signals. SOX17 is an important TF in embryonic development and in the homeostasis of pulmonary artery endothelial cells (hPAEC) in the adult. Rare pathogenic mutations in SOX17 cause heritable PAH. We hypothesized that PAH risk alleles in an enhancer region impair TF-binding upstream of SOX17, which in turn reduces SOX17 expression and contributes to disturbed endothelial cell function and PAH development. METHODS CRISPR manipulation and siRNA were used to modulate SOX17 expression. Electromobility shift assays were used to confirm in silico-predicted TF differential binding to the SOX17 variants. Functional assays in hPAECs were used to establish the biological consequences of SOX17 loss. In silico analysis with the connectivity map was used to predict compounds that rescue disturbed SOX17 signaling. Mice with deletion of the SOX17-signal 1 enhancer region (SOX17-4593/enhKO) were phenotyped in response to chronic hypoxia and SU5416/hypoxia. RESULTS CRISPR inhibition of SOX17-signal 2 and deletion of SOX17-signal 1 specifically decreased SOX17 expression. Electromobility shift assays demonstrated differential binding of hPAEC nuclear proteins to the risk and nonrisk alleles from both SOX17 signals. Candidate TFs HOXA5 and ROR-α were identified through in silico analysis and antibody electromobility shift assays. Analysis of the hPAEC transcriptomes revealed alteration of PAH-relevant pathways on SOX17 silencing, including extracellular matrix regulation. SOX17 silencing in hPAECs resulted in increased apoptosis, proliferation, and disturbance of barrier function. With the use of the connectivity map, compounds were identified that reversed the SOX17-dysfunction transcriptomic signatures in hPAECs. SOX17 enhancer knockout in mice reduced lung SOX17 expression, resulting in more severe pulmonary vascular leak and hypoxia or SU5416/hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Common PAH risk variants upstream of the SOX17 promoter reduce endothelial SOX17 expression, at least in part, through differential binding of HOXA5 and ROR-α. Reduced SOX17 expression results in disturbed hPAEC function and PAH. Existing drug compounds can reverse the disturbed SOX17 pulmonary endothelial transcriptomic signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Walters
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Eleni Vasilaki
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Jurjan Aman
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.A.)
| | - Chien-Nien Chen
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Yukyee Wu
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Olin D Liang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine (O.D.L.), Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence
| | - Ali Ashek
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Olivier Dubois
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Lin Zhao
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Farah Sabrin
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Inês Cebola
- Section of Genetics & Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (I.C., J.F.)
| | - Jorge Ferrer
- Section of Genetics & Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (I.C., J.F.)
- Computational Biology and Health Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain (J.F.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Spain (J.F.)
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.W.M.)
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.W.M.)
- On Behalf of the British Heart Foundation/Medical Research Council UK PAH Cohort Consortium (N.W.M., M.R.W., C.J.R.)
| | - James R Klinger
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (J.R.K.), Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence
| | - Martin R Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
- On Behalf of the British Heart Foundation/Medical Research Council UK PAH Cohort Consortium (N.W.M., M.R.W., C.J.R.)
| | - Lan Zhao
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (R.W., E.V., J.A., C.-N.C., Y.W., A.A., O.D., L.Z., F.S., M.R.W., L.Z., C.J.R.)
- On Behalf of the British Heart Foundation/Medical Research Council UK PAH Cohort Consortium (N.W.M., M.R.W., C.J.R.)
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13
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Zou X, Liu T, Huang Z, Zhou W, Yuan M, Zhao H, Pan Z, Chen P, Shao Y, Hu X, Zhang S, Zheng S, Zhang Y, Huang P. SOX17 is a Critical Factor in Maintaining Endothelial Function in Pulmonary Hypertension by an Exosome-Mediated Autocrine Manner. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206139. [PMID: 36919784 PMCID: PMC10190640 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is considered a predominant driver for pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension (PH). SOX17, a key regulator of vascular homoeostasis, has been found to harbor mutations in PH patients, which are associated with PH susceptibility. Here, this study explores whether SOX17 mediates the autocrine activity of pulmonary artery ECs to maintain endothelial function and vascular homeostasis in PH and its underlying mechanism. It is found that SOX17 expression is downregulated in the endothelium of remodeled pulmonary arteries in IPH patients and SU5416/hypoxia (Su/hypo)-induced PH mice as well as dysfunctional HPAECs. Endothelial knockdown of SOX17 accelerates the progression of Su/hypo-induced PH in mice. SOX17 overexpression in the pulmonary endothelium of mice attenuates Su/hypo-induced PH. SOX17-associated exosomes block the proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation of HPAECs, preventing pulmonary arterial remodeling and Su/hypo-induced PH. Mechanistic analyses demonstrates that overexpressing SOX17 promotes the exosome-mediated release of miR-224-5p and miR-361-3p, which are internalized by injured HPAECs in an autocrine manner, ultimately repressing the upregulation of NR4A3 and PCSK9 genes and improving endothelial function. These results suggest that SOX17 is a key gene in maintaining endothelial function and vascular homeostasis in PH through regulating exosomal miRNAs in an autocrine manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Zou
- Center for Clinical PharmacyCancer CenterDepartment of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalAffiliated People's HospitalHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310014P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310014P. R. China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of PharmacyAffiliated Hangzhou First People's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310006P. R. China
- Department of Clinical PharmacyKey Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang ProvinceAffiliated Hangzhou First People's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310006P. R. China
| | - Zhongjie Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou310014P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityInstitute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan UniversityTransplant Center of Wuhan UniversityHubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on TransplantationWuhan430000P. R. China
| | - Mengnan Yuan
- Center for Clinical PharmacyCancer CenterDepartment of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalAffiliated People's HospitalHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310014P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310014P. R. China
| | - Hongying Zhao
- Center for Clinical PharmacyCancer CenterDepartment of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalAffiliated People's HospitalHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310014P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310014P. R. China
| | - Zongfu Pan
- Center for Clinical PharmacyCancer CenterDepartment of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalAffiliated People's HospitalHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310014P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310014P. R. China
| | - Pengcheng Chen
- Center for Clinical PharmacyCancer CenterDepartment of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalAffiliated People's HospitalHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310014P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310014P. R. China
| | - Yanfei Shao
- Center for Clinical PharmacyCancer CenterDepartment of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalAffiliated People's HospitalHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310014P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310014P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- Center for Clinical PharmacyCancer CenterDepartment of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalAffiliated People's HospitalHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310014P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310014P. R. China
| | - Su Zhang
- Center for Clinical PharmacyCancer CenterDepartment of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalAffiliated People's HospitalHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310014P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310014P. R. China
| | - Shuilian Zheng
- Center for Clinical PharmacyCancer CenterDepartment of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalAffiliated People's HospitalHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310014P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310014P. R. China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Center for Clinical PharmacyCancer CenterDepartment of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalAffiliated People's HospitalHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310014P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310014P. R. China
| | - Ping Huang
- Center for Clinical PharmacyCancer CenterDepartment of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalAffiliated People's HospitalHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310014P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310014P. R. China
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14
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Yi D, Liu B, Ding H, Li S, Li R, Pan J, Ramirez K, Xia X, Kala M, Singh I, Ye Q, Lee WH, Frye RE, Wang T, Zhao Y, Knox KS, Glembotski CC, Fallon MB, Dai Z. E2F1 Mediates SOX17 Deficiency-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.15.528740. [PMID: 36824855 PMCID: PMC9949178 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.15.528740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Rationale Rare genetic variants and genetic variation at loci in an enhancer in SRY-Box Transcription Factor 17 (SOX17) are identified in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and PAH with congenital heart disease. However, the exact role of genetic variants or mutation in SOX17 in PAH pathogenesis has not been reported. Objectives To investigate the role of SOX17 deficiency in pulmonary hypertension (PH) development. Methods Human lung tissue and endothelial cells (ECs) from IPAH patients were used to determine the expression of SOX17. Tie2Cre-mediated and EC-specific deletion of Sox17 mice were assessed for PH development. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis, human lung ECs, and smooth muscle cell culture were performed to determine the role and mechanisms of SOX17 deficiency. A pharmacological approach was used in Sox17 deficiency mice for therapeutic implication. Measurement and Main Results SOX17 expression was downregulated in the lungs and pulmonary ECs of IPAH patients. Mice with Tie2Cre mediated Sox17 knockdown and EC-specific Sox17 deletion developed spontaneously mild PH. Loss of endothelial Sox17 in EC exacerbated hypoxia-induced PH in mice. Loss of SOX17 in lung ECs induced endothelial dysfunctions including upregulation of cell cycle programming, proliferative and anti-apoptotic phenotypes, augmentation of paracrine effect on pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells, impaired cellular junction, and BMP signaling. E2F Transcription Factor 1 (E2F1) signaling was shown to mediate the SOX17 deficiency-induced EC dysfunction and PH development. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that endothelial SOX17 deficiency induces PH through E2F1 and targeting E2F1 signaling represents a promising approach in PAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Hongxu Ding
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Shuai Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Rebecca Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Jiakai Pan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Karina Ramirez
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Xiaomei Xia
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Mrinalini Kala
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Indrapal Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Qinmao Ye
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Won Hee Lee
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Ting Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Center of Translational Science, Florida International University, Port Saint Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kenneth S. Knox
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Christopher C. Glembotski
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Michael B. Fallon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Zhiyu Dai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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15
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Montani D, Lechartier B, Girerd B, Eyries M, Ghigna MR, Savale L, Jaïs X, Seferian A, Jevnikar M, Boucly A, Riou M, Traclet J, Chaouat A, Levy M, Le Pavec J, Fadel E, Perros F, Soubrier F, Remy-Jardin M, Sitbon O, Bonnet D, Humbert M. An emerging phenotype of pulmonary arterial hypertension patients carrying SOX17 variants. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:2200656. [PMID: 35618278 PMCID: PMC10436756 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00656-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phenotype of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients carrying SOX17 pathogenic variants remains mostly unknown. METHODS We report the genetic analysis findings, characteristics and outcomes of patients with heritable PAH carrying SOX17 variants from the French Pulmonary Hypertension Network. RESULTS 20 patients and eight unaffected relatives were identified. The median (range) age at diagnosis was 17 (2-53) years, with a female:male ratio of 1.5. At diagnosis, most of the patients (74%) were in New York Heart Association Functional Class III or IV with severe haemodynamic compromise, including a median pulmonary vascular resistance of 14.0 (4.2-31.5) WU. An associated congenital heart disease (CHD) was found in seven PAH patients (35%). Patients with CHD-associated PAH were significantly younger at diagnosis than PAH patients without CHD. Four patients (20%) suffered from recurrent haemoptysis requiring repeated arterial embolisations. 13 out of 16 patients (81%) for whom imaging was available displayed chest computed tomography abnormalities, including dilated, tortuous pulmonary vessels, ground-glass opacities as well as anomalies of the bronchial and nonbronchial arteries. After a median (range) follow-up of 47 (1-591) months, 10 patients underwent lung transplantation and one patient benefited from a heart-lung transplantation due to associated CHD. Histopathological analysis of lung explants showed a congested lung architecture with severe pulmonary arterial remodelling, subpleural vessel dilation and numerous haemorrhagic foci. CONCLUSIONS PAH due to SOX17 pathogenic variants is a severe phenotype, frequently associated with CHD, haemoptysis and radiological abnormalities. Pathological assessment reveals severe pulmonary arterial remodelling and malformations affecting pulmonary vessels and thoracic systemic arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Montani
- AP-HP, Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Centre, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- D. Montani and B. Lechartier contributed equally to this work
| | - Benoit Lechartier
- AP-HP, Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Centre, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- D. Montani and B. Lechartier contributed equally to this work
| | - Barbara Girerd
- AP-HP, Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Centre, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Mélanie Eyries
- Dépt de Génétique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP and UMR_S 1166 Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Maria-Rosa Ghigna
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Service d'Anatomopathologie, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Laurent Savale
- AP-HP, Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Centre, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Xavier Jaïs
- AP-HP, Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Centre, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Andrei Seferian
- AP-HP, Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Centre, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Mitja Jevnikar
- AP-HP, Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Centre, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Athénais Boucly
- AP-HP, Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Centre, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Marianne Riou
- Dépt de Pneumologie, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Traclet
- Université Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, Centre de Compétences de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France
| | - Ari Chaouat
- Université de Lorraine, CHU de Nancy, Pôle des Spécialités Médicales, Dépt de Pneumologie, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Maryline Levy
- Service de Cardiologie Congénitale et Pédiatrique, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jerome Le Pavec
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Service de Pneumologie et Transplantation Pulmonaire, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Elie Fadel
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Frédéric Perros
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Florent Soubrier
- Dépt de Génétique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP and UMR_S 1166 Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Martine Remy-Jardin
- CHU de Lille, Service d'Imagerie Thoracique, Hôpital Albert Calmette, Lille, France
| | - Olivier Sitbon
- AP-HP, Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Centre, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Damien Bonnet
- Service de Cardiologie Congénitale et Pédiatrique, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- AP-HP, Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Centre, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
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16
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Dai L, Du L. Genes in pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension and the most promising BMPR2 gene therapy. Front Genet 2022; 13:961848. [PMID: 36506323 PMCID: PMC9730536 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.961848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare but progressive and lethal vascular disease of diverse etiologies, mainly caused by proliferation of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells in the pulmonary artery, and fibroblasts, which ultimately leads to right-heart hypertrophy and cardiac failure. Recent genetic studies of childhood-onset PAH report that there is a greater genetic burden in children than in adults. Since the first-identified pathogenic gene of PAH, BMPR2, which encodes bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2, a receptor in the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, was discovered, novel causal genes have been identified and substantially sharpened our insights into the molecular genetics of childhood-onset PAH. Currently, some newly identified deleterious genetic variants in additional genes implicated in childhood-onset PAH, such as potassium channels (KCNK3) and transcription factors (TBX4 and SOX17), have been reported and have greatly updated our understanding of the disease mechanism. In this review, we summarized and discussed the advances of genetic variants underlying childhood-onset PAH susceptibility and potential mechanism, and the most promising BMPR2 gene therapy and gene delivery approaches to treat childhood-onset PAH in the future.
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17
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Tang X, Wei W, Snowball JM, Nakayasu ES, Bell SM, Ansong C, Lin X, Whitsett JA. EMC3 regulates mesenchymal cell survival via control of the mitotic spindle assembly. iScience 2022; 26:105667. [PMID: 36624844 PMCID: PMC9823123 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells transit through the cell cycle to produce two daughter cells. Dysregulation of the cell cycle leads to cell death or tumorigenesis. Herein, we found a subunit of the ER membrane complex, EMC3, as a key regulator of cell cycle. Conditional deletion of Emc3 in mouse embryonic mesoderm led to reduced size and patterning defects of multiple organs. Emc3 deficiency impaired cell proliferation, causing spindle assembly defects, chromosome mis-segregation, cell cycle arrest at G2/M, and apoptosis. Upon entry into mitosis, mesenchymal cells upregulate EMC3 protein levels and localize EMC3 to the mitotic centrosomes. Further analysis indicated that EMC3 works together with VCP to tightly regulate the levels and activity of Aurora A, an essential factor for centrosome function and mitotic spindle assembly: while overexpression of EMC3 or VCP degraded Aurora A, their loss led to increased Aurora A stability but reduced Aurora A phosphorylation in mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Tang
- Perinatal Institute, Divisions of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7029, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA,Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Fudan University, 2nd Nanjiang Rd, Nansha District, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 2005 Songhu Rd, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - John M. Snowball
- Perinatal Institute, Divisions of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7029, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ernesto S. Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Sheila M. Bell
- Perinatal Institute, Divisions of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7029, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Charles Ansong
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Xinhua Lin
- Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Fudan University, 2nd Nanjiang Rd, Nansha District, Guangzhou 511458, China,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 2005 Songhu Rd, Shanghai 200438, China,Corresponding author
| | - Jeffrey A. Whitsett
- Perinatal Institute, Divisions of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7029, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA,Corresponding author
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18
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Park CS, Kim SH, Yang HY, Kim JH, Schermuly RT, Cho YS, Kang H, Park JH, Lee E, Park H, Yang JM, Noh TW, Lee SP, Bae SS, Han J, Ju YS, Park JB, Kim I. Sox17 Deficiency Promotes Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension via HGF/c-Met Signaling. Circ Res 2022; 131:792-806. [PMID: 36205124 PMCID: PMC9612711 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.320845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In large-scale genomic studies, Sox17, an endothelial-specific transcription factor, has been suggested as a putative causal gene of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH); however, its role and molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We investigated the functional impacts and acting mechanisms of impaired Sox17 (SRY-related HMG-box17) pathway in PAH and explored its potential as a therapeutic target. METHODS In adult mice, Sox17 deletion in pulmonary endothelial cells (ECs) induced PAH under hypoxia with high penetrance and severity, but not under normoxia. RESULTS Key features of PAH, such as hypermuscularization, EC hyperplasia, and inflammation in lung arterioles, right ventricular hypertrophy, and elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, persisted even after long rest in normoxia. Mechanistically, transcriptomic profiling predicted that the combination of Sox17 deficiency and hypoxia activated c-Met signaling in lung ECs. HGF (hepatocyte grow factor), a ligand of c-Met, was upregulated in Sox17-deficient lung ECs. Pharmacologic inhibition of HGF/c-Met signaling attenuated and reversed the features of PAH in both preventive and therapeutic settings. Similar to findings in animal models, Sox17 levels in lung ECs were repressed in 26.7% of PAH patients (4 of 15), while those were robust in all 14 non-PAH controls. HGF levels in pulmonary arterioles were increased in 86.7% of patients with PAH (13 of 15), but none of the controls showed that pattern. CONCLUSIONS The downregulation of Sox17 levels in pulmonary arterioles increases the susceptibility to PAH, particularly when exposed to hypoxia. Our findings suggest the reactive upregulation of HGF/c-Met signaling as a novel druggable target for PAH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Soon Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (C.S.P., S.H.K., H.Y.Y., J.-H.K., E.L., H.P., J.M.Y., T.W.N., J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.).,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.S.P., Y.S.C., H.K., S.-P.L., J.-B.P.)
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (C.S.P., S.H.K., H.Y.Y., J.-H.K., E.L., H.P., J.M.Y., T.W.N., J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.)
| | - Hae Young Yang
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (C.S.P., S.H.K., H.Y.Y., J.-H.K., E.L., H.P., J.M.Y., T.W.N., J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.)
| | - Ju-Hee Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (C.S.P., S.H.K., H.Y.Y., J.-H.K., E.L., H.P., J.M.Y., T.W.N., J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.)
| | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany (R.T.S.)
| | - Ye Seul Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.S.P., Y.S.C., H.K., S.-P.L., J.-B.P.)
| | - Hyejeong Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.S.P., Y.S.C., H.K., S.-P.L., J.-B.P.).,Center for Precision Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea (H.K., S.-P.L.)
| | - Jae-Hyeong Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.-H.P.)
| | - Eunhyeong Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (C.S.P., S.H.K., H.Y.Y., J.-H.K., E.L., H.P., J.M.Y., T.W.N., J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.)
| | - HyeonJin Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (C.S.P., S.H.K., H.Y.Y., J.-H.K., E.L., H.P., J.M.Y., T.W.N., J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.)
| | - Jee Myung Yang
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (C.S.P., S.H.K., H.Y.Y., J.-H.K., E.L., H.P., J.M.Y., T.W.N., J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.).,Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea (J.MY.)
| | - Tae Wook Noh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (C.S.P., S.H.K., H.Y.Y., J.-H.K., E.L., H.P., J.M.Y., T.W.N., J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.)
| | - Seung-Pyo Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.S.P., Y.S.C., H.K., S.-P.L., J.-B.P.).,Center for Precision Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea (H.K., S.-P.L.).,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-P.L.)
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (S.S.B.)
| | - Jinju Han
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (C.S.P., S.H.K., H.Y.Y., J.-H.K., E.L., H.P., J.M.Y., T.W.N., J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.).,Biomedical Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.)
| | - Young Seok Ju
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (C.S.P., S.H.K., H.Y.Y., J.-H.K., E.L., H.P., J.M.Y., T.W.N., J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.).,Biomedical Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.)
| | - Jun-Bean Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.S.P., Y.S.C., H.K., S.-P.L., J.-B.P.)
| | - Injune Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (C.S.P., S.H.K., H.Y.Y., J.-H.K., E.L., H.P., J.M.Y., T.W.N., J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.).,Biomedical Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.H., Y.S.J., I.K.)
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19
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Trinh LT, Osipovich AB, Sampson L, Wong J, Wright CV, Magnuson MA. Differential regulation of alternate promoter regions in Sox17 during endodermal and vascular endothelial development. iScience 2022; 25:104905. [PMID: 36046192 PMCID: PMC9421400 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sox17 gene expression is essential for both endothelial and endodermal cell differentiation. To better understand the genetic basis for the expression of multiple Sox17 mRNA forms, we identified and performed CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis of two evolutionarily conserved promoter regions (CRs). The deletion of the upstream and endothelial cell-specific CR1 caused only a modest increase in lympho-vasculogenesis likely via reduced Notch signaling downstream of SOX17. In contrast, the deletion of the downstream CR2 region, which functions in both endothelial and endodermal cells, impairs both vascular and endodermal development causing death by embryonic day 12.5. Analyses of 3D chromatin looping, transcription factor binding, histone modification, and chromatin accessibility data at the Sox17 locus and surrounding region further support differential regulation of the two promoters during the development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh T. Trinh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Anna B. Osipovich
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Leesa Sampson
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jonathan Wong
- College of Arts and Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Chris V.E. Wright
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mark A. Magnuson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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20
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Li D, Liu Z, Deng M, Liu L, Lu J, Wang F, Wan Y. The function of the m6A methyltransferase METTL3 in goat early embryo development under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. Theriogenology 2022; 177:140-150. [PMID: 34700071 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) plays an important role in zygote genome activation during embryonic development, but the effects of METTL3 under oxidative stress in the early development of goat embryos remain largely unknown. In this study, zygotes were monitored at 72 and 168 h after fertilization, and they developed to the 8-cell stage and blastocyst stage under hypoxic conditions and normoxic conditions. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing was performed at the 8-cell stage and the blastocyst stage in the goat embryos, the differentially expressed METTL3 was screened from the sequencing results. We found that microinjection of small interfering RNA (siRNA) against METTL3 caused developmental arrest, both 8-cell rates (37.45 ± 2.21% vs. 47.09 ± 1.38%; P < 0.01) and blastocyst rates of Si-METTL3 (12.17% ± 2.84 vs. 20.83 ± 3.61%; P < 0.01) in Si-METTL3 group were significantly decreased compared with that of control under hypoxic conditions, significant changes were found in the m6A-related genes and the expression levels of critical transcription factors, such as, NANOG, GATA3, CDX2 and SOX17, were decreased. This study revealed the key role of METTL3 in the regulation of embryonic development under oxidative stress, and laid the foundation for further study of the crucial mechanism of oxidative stress during the early embryonic development of goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Li
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zifei Liu
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mingtian Deng
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiawei Lu
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yongjie Wan
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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21
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Wang J, Liu C, Chen Y, Wang W. Taiji-reprogram: a framework to uncover cell-type specific regulators and predict cellular reprogramming cocktails. NAR Genom Bioinform 2021; 3:lqab100. [PMID: 34761218 PMCID: PMC8573821 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqab100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular reprogramming is a promising technology to develop disease models and cell-based therapies. Identification of the key regulators defining the cell type specificity is pivotal to devising reprogramming cocktails for successful cell conversion but remains a great challenge. Here, we present a systems biology approach called Taiji-reprogram to efficiently uncover transcription factor (TF) combinations for conversion between 154 diverse cell types or tissues. This method integrates the transcriptomic and epigenomic data to construct cell-type specific genetic networks and assess the global importance of TFs in the network. Comparative analysis across cell types revealed TFs that are specifically important in a particular cell type and often tightly associated with cell-type specific functions. A systematic search of TFs with differential importance in the source and target cell types uncovered TF combinations for desired cell conversion. We have shown that Taiji-reprogram outperformed the existing methods to better recover the TFs in the experimentally validated reprogramming cocktails. This work not only provides a comprehensive catalog of TFs defining cell specialization but also suggests TF combinations for direct cell conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0359, USA
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0359, USA
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0359, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0359, USA
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22
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Jin G, Floy ME, Simmons AD, Arthur MM, Palecek SP. Spatial Stem Cell Fate Engineering via Facile Morphogen Localization. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100995. [PMID: 34459150 PMCID: PMC8568665 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Spatiotemporally controlled presentation of morphogens and elaborate modulation of signaling pathways elicit pattern formation during development. Though this process is critical for proper organogenesis, unraveling the mechanisms of developmental biology have been restricted by challenges associated with studying human embryos. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have been used to model development in vitro, however difficulties in precise spatiotemporal control of the cellular microenvironment have limited the utility of this model in exploring mechanisms of pattern formation. Here, a simple and versatile method is presented to spatially pattern hPSC differentiation in 2-dimensional culture via localized morphogen adsorption on substrates. Morphogens including bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), activin A, and WNT3a are patterned to induce localized mesendoderm, endoderm, cardiomyocyte (CM), and epicardial cell (EpiC) differentiation from hPSCs and hPSC-derived progenitors. Patterned CM and EpiC co-differentiation allows investigation of intercellular interactions in a spatially controlled manner and demonstrate improved alignment of CMs in proximity to EpiCs. This approach provides a platform for the controlled and systematic study of early pattern formation. Moreover, this study provides a facile approach to generate 2D patterned hPSC-derived tissue structures for modeling disease and drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyuhyung Jin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Martha E Floy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Aaron D Simmons
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Madeline M Arthur
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
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23
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Wang TM, Wang SS, Xu YJ, Zhao CM, Qiao XH, Yang CX, Liu XY, Yang YQ. SOX17 Loss-of-Function Mutation Underlying Familial Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Int Heart J 2021; 62:566-574. [PMID: 33952808 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.20-711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) refers to a rare, progressive disorder that is characterized by occlusive pulmonary vascular remodeling, resulting in increased pulmonary arterial pressure, right-sided heart failure, and eventual death. Emerging evidence from genetic investigations of pediatric-onset PAH highlights the strong genetic basis underpinning PAH, and deleterious variants in multiple genes have been found to cause PAH. Nevertheless, PAH is of substantial genetic heterogeneity, and the genetic defects underlying PAH in the overwhelming majority of cases remain elusive. In this investigation, a consanguineous family suffering from PAH transmitted as an autosomal-dominant trait was identified. Through whole-exome sequencing and bioinformatic analyses as well as Sanger sequencing analyses of the PAH family, a novel heterozygous SOX17 mutation, NM_022454.4: c.379C>T; p. (Gln127*), was found to co-segregate with the disease in the family, with complete penetrance. The nonsense mutation was neither observed in 612 unrelated healthy volunteers nor retrieved in the population genetic databases encompassing the Genome Aggregation Database, the Exome Aggregation Consortium database, and the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism database. Biological analyses using a dual-luciferase reporter assay system revealed that the Gln127*-mutant SOX17 protein lost the ability to transcriptionally activate its target gene NOTCH1. Moreover, the Gln127*-mutant SOX17 protein exhibited no inhibitory effect on the function of CTNNB1-encode β-catenin, which is a key player in vascular morphogenesis. This research firstly links SOX17 loss-of-function mutation to familial PAH, which provides novel insight into the molecular pathogenesis of PAH, suggesting potential implications for genetic and prognostic risk evaluation as well as personalized prophylaxis of the family members affected with PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ming Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Shan-Shan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Ying-Jia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Cui-Mei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Xiao-Hui Qiao
- Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, Ningbo Women & Children's Hospital
| | - Chen-Xi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Xing-Yuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University.,Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University.,Central Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University
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24
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Zhao L, Jiang WF, Yang CX, Qiao Q, Xu YJ, Shi HY, Qiu XB, Wu SH, Yang YQ. SOX17 loss-of-function variation underlying familial congenital heart disease. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104211. [PMID: 33794346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As the most prevalent form of human birth defect, congenital heart disease (CHD) contributes to substantial morbidity, mortality and socioeconomic burden worldwide. Aggregating evidence has convincingly demonstrated that genetic defects exert a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of CHD, and causative mutations in multiple genes have been causally linked to CHD. Nevertheless, CHD is of pronounced genetic heterogeneity, and the genetic components underpinning CHD in the overwhelming majority of patients remain obscure. In this research, a four-generation consanguineous family suffering from CHD transmitted in an autosomal dominant mode was recruited. By whole-exome sequencing and bioinformatics analyses as well as Sanger sequencing analyses of the family members, a new heterozygous SOX17 variation, NM_022454.4: c.553G > T; p.(Glu185*), was identified to co-segregate with CHD in the family, with complete penetrance. The nonsense variation was neither detected in 310 unrelated healthy volunteers used as controls nor retrieved in such population genetics databases as the Exome Aggregation Consortium database, Genome Aggregation Database, and the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism database. Functional assays by utilizing a dual-luciferase reporter assay system unveiled that the Glu185*-mutant SOX17 protein had no transcriptional activity on its two target genes NOTCH1 and GATA4, which have been reported to cause CHD. Furthermore, the mutation abrogated the synergistic transactivation between SOX17 and NKX2.5, another established CHD-causing transcription factor. These findings firstly indicate SOX17 loss-of-function mutation predisposes to familial CHD, which adds novel insight to the molecular mechanism of CHD, implying potential implications for genetic risk appraisal and individualized prophylaxis of the family members affected with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, 264003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei-Feng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Chen-Xi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Jia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Yu Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xing-Biao Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Shao-Hui Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Central Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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25
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Fazal S, Bisserier M, Hadri L. Molecular and Genetic Profiling for Precision Medicines in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030638. [PMID: 33805595 PMCID: PMC7999465 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and chronic lung disease characterized by progressive occlusion of the small pulmonary arteries, which is associated with structural and functional alteration of the smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells within the pulmonary vasculature. Excessive vascular remodeling is, in part, responsible for high pulmonary vascular resistance and the mean pulmonary arterial pressure, increasing the transpulmonary gradient and the right ventricular “pressure overload”, which may result in right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and failure. Current technological advances in multi-omics approaches, high-throughput sequencing, and computational methods have provided valuable tools in molecular profiling and led to the identification of numerous genetic variants in PAH patients. In this review, we summarized the pathogenesis, classification, and current treatments of the PAH disease. Additionally, we outlined the latest next-generation sequencing technologies and the consequences of common genetic variants underlying PAH susceptibility and disease progression. Finally, we discuss the importance of molecular genetic testing for precision medicine in PAH and the future of genomic medicines, including gene-editing technologies and gene therapies, as emerging alternative approaches to overcome genetic disorders in PAH.
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26
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Welch CL, Austin ED, Chung WK. Genes that drive the pathobiology of pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56:614-620. [PMID: 31917901 PMCID: PMC7343584 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Emerging data from studies of pediatric-onset pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) indicate that the genomics of pediatric PAH is different than that of adults. There is a greater genetic burden in children, with rare genetic factors contributing to at least 35% of pediatric-onset idiopathic PAH (IPAH) compared with ~11% of adult-onset IPAH. De novo variants are the most frequent genetic cause of PAH in children, likely contributing to ~15% of all cases. Rare deleterious variants in bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) contribute to pediatric-onset familial PAH and IPAH with similar frequency as adult-onset. While likely gene-disrupting (LGD) variants in BMPR2 contribute across the lifespan, damaging missense variants are more frequent in early-onset PAH. Rare deleterious variants in T-box 4-containing protein (TBX4) are more common in pediatric-compared with adult-onset PAH, explaining ~8% of pediatric IPAH. PAH associated with congenital heart disease (APAH-CHD) and other developmental disorders account for a large proportion of pediatric PAH. SRY-related HMG box transcription factor (SOX17) was recently identified as an APAH-CHD risk gene, contributing less frequently to IPAH, with a greater prevalence of rare deleterious variants in children compared with adults. The differences in genetic burden and genes underlying pediatric- vs adult-onset PAH indicate that genetic information relevant to pediatric PAH cannot be extrapolated from adult studies. Large cohorts of pediatric-onset PAH are necessary to identify the unique etiological differences of PAH in children, as well as the natural history and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie L Welch
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Eric D Austin
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
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27
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Wu Y, Wharton J, Walters R, Vasilaki E, Aman J, Zhao L, Wilkins MR, Rhodes CJ. The pathophysiological role of novel pulmonary arterial hypertension gene SOX17. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:13993003.04172-2020. [PMID: 33632800 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.04172-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease predominantly targeting pre-capillary blood vessels. Adverse structural remodelling and increased pulmonary vascular resistance result in cardiac hypertrophy and ultimately failure of the right ventricle. Recent whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing studies have identified SOX17 as a novel risk gene in PAH, with a dominant mode of inheritance and incomplete penetrance. Rare deleterious variants in the gene and more common variants in upstream enhancer sites have both been associated with the disease, and a deficiency of SOX17 expression may predispose to PAH. This review aims to consolidate the evidence linking genetic variants in SOX17 to PAH, and explores the numerous targets and effects of the transcription factor, focusing on the pulmonary vasculature and the pathobiology of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukyee Wu
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John Wharton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel Walters
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Eleni Vasilaki
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jurjan Aman
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,VUmc, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lan Zhao
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Martin R Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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28
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Redente EF, Chakraborty S, Sajuthi S, Black BP, Edelman BL, Seibold MA, Riches DW. Loss of Fas signaling in fibroblasts impairs homeostatic fibrosis resolution and promotes persistent pulmonary fibrosis. JCI Insight 2020; 6:141618. [PMID: 33290280 PMCID: PMC7821600 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, irreversible fibrotic disease of the distal lung alveoli that culminates in respiratory failure and reduced lifespan. Unlike normal lung repair in response to injury, IPF is associated with the accumulation and persistence of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, as well as continued production of collagen and other extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Prior in vitro studies have led to the hypothesis that the development of resistance to Fas-induced apoptosis by lung fibroblasts and myofibroblasts contributes to their accumulation in the distal lung tissues of IPF patients. Here, we test this hypothesis in vivo in the resolving model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Using genetic loss-of-function approaches to inhibit Fas signaling in fibroblasts, potentially novel flow cytometry strategies to quantify lung fibroblast subsets, and transcriptional profiling of lung fibroblasts by bulk and single cell RNA sequencing, we show that Fas is necessary for lung fibroblast apoptosis during homeostatic resolution of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo. Furthermore, we show that loss of Fas signaling leads to the persistence and continued profibrotic functions of lung fibroblasts. Our studies provide insights into the mechanisms that contribute to fibroblast survival, persistence, and continued ECM deposition in the context of IPF and how failure to undergo Fas-induced apoptosis impairs fibrosis resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F Redente
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Sangeeta Chakraborty
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Satria Sajuthi
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Bart P Black
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Ben L Edelman
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Max A Seibold
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - David Wh Riches
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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29
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Swietlik EM, Prapa M, Martin JM, Pandya D, Auckland K, Morrell NW, Gräf S. 'There and Back Again'-Forward Genetics and Reverse Phenotyping in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1408. [PMID: 33256119 PMCID: PMC7760524 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the invention of right heart catheterisation in the 1950s enabled accurate clinical diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), it was not until 2000 when the landmark discovery of the causative role of bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II (BMPR2) mutations shed new light on the pathogenesis of PAH. Since then several genes have been discovered, which now account for around 25% of cases with the clinical diagnosis of idiopathic PAH. Despite the ongoing efforts, in the majority of patients the cause of the disease remains elusive, a phenomenon often referred to as "missing heritability". In this review, we discuss research approaches to uncover the genetic architecture of PAH starting with forward phenotyping, which in a research setting should focus on stable intermediate phenotypes, forward and reverse genetics, and finally reverse phenotyping. We then discuss potential sources of "missing heritability" and how functional genomics and multi-omics methods are employed to tackle this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia M. Swietlik
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (E.M.S.); (M.P.); (J.M.M.); (D.P.); (K.A.); (N.W.M.)
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0AY, UK
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Matina Prapa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (E.M.S.); (M.P.); (J.M.M.); (D.P.); (K.A.); (N.W.M.)
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jennifer M. Martin
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (E.M.S.); (M.P.); (J.M.M.); (D.P.); (K.A.); (N.W.M.)
| | - Divya Pandya
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (E.M.S.); (M.P.); (J.M.M.); (D.P.); (K.A.); (N.W.M.)
| | - Kathryn Auckland
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (E.M.S.); (M.P.); (J.M.M.); (D.P.); (K.A.); (N.W.M.)
| | - Nicholas W. Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (E.M.S.); (M.P.); (J.M.M.); (D.P.); (K.A.); (N.W.M.)
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0AY, UK
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stefan Gräf
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (E.M.S.); (M.P.); (J.M.M.); (D.P.); (K.A.); (N.W.M.)
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
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30
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Welch CL, Chung WK. Genetics and Genomics of Pediatric Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1213. [PMID: 33081265 PMCID: PMC7603012 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease with high mortality despite recent therapeutic advances. The disease is caused by both genetic and environmental factors and likely gene-environment interactions. While PAH can manifest across the lifespan, pediatric-onset disease is particularly challenging because it is frequently associated with a more severe clinical course and comorbidities including lung/heart developmental anomalies. In light of these differences, it is perhaps not surprising that emerging data from genetic studies of pediatric-onset PAH indicate that the genetic basis is different than that of adults. There is a greater genetic burden in children, with rare genetic factors contributing to ~42% of pediatric-onset PAH compared to ~12.5% of adult-onset PAH. De novo variants are frequently associated with PAH in children and contribute to at least 15% of all pediatric cases. The standard of medical care for pediatric PAH patients is based on extrapolations from adult data. However, increased etiologic heterogeneity, poorer prognosis, and increased genetic burden for pediatric-onset PAH calls for a dedicated pediatric research agenda to improve molecular diagnosis and clinical management. A genomics-first approach will improve the understanding of pediatric PAH and how it is related to other rare pediatric genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie L Welch
- Department of Pediatrics, Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA
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31
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Møller AF, Natarajan KN. Predicting gene regulatory networks from cell atlases. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:3/11/e202000658. [PMID: 32958603 PMCID: PMC7536823 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrated single-cell gene regulatory network from three mouse cell atlases captures global and cell type–specific regulatory modules and crosstalk, important for cellular identity. Recent single-cell RNA-sequencing atlases have surveyed and identified major cell types across different mouse tissues. Here, we computationally reconstruct gene regulatory networks from three major mouse cell atlases to capture functional regulators critical for cell identity, while accounting for a variety of technical differences, including sampled tissues, sequencing depth, and author assigned cell type labels. Extracting the regulatory crosstalk from mouse atlases, we identify and distinguish global regulons active in multiple cell types from specialised cell type–specific regulons. We demonstrate that regulon activities accurately distinguish individual cell types, despite differences between individual atlases. We generate an integrated network that further uncovers regulon modules with coordinated activities critical for cell types, and validate modules using available experimental data. Inferring regulatory networks during myeloid differentiation from wild-type and Irf8 KO cells, we uncover functional contribution of Irf8 regulon activity and composition towards monocyte lineage. Our analysis provides an avenue to further extract and integrate the regulatory crosstalk from single-cell expression data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Fønss Møller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Functional Genomics and Metabolism Unit, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kedar Nath Natarajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Functional Genomics and Metabolism Unit, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark .,Danish Institute of Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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32
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Coarfa C, Grimm SL, Katz T, Zhang Y, Jangid RK, Walker CL, Moorthy B, Lingappan K. Epigenetic response to hyperoxia in the neonatal lung is sexually dimorphic. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101718. [PMID: 32961439 PMCID: PMC7509469 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex as a biological variable plays a critical role both during lung development and in modulating postnatal hyperoxic lung injury and repair. The molecular mechanisms behind these sex-specific differences need to be elucidated. Our objective was to determine if the neonatal lung epigenomic landscape reconfiguration has profound effects on gene expression and could underlie sex-biased differences in protection from or susceptibility to diseases. Neonatal male and female mice (C57BL/6) were exposed to hyperoxia (95% FiO, PND 1-5: saccular stage) or room air and euthanized on PND 7 and 21. Pulmonary gene expression was studied using RNA-seq on Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform and quantified. Epigenomic landscape was assessed using Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP-Seq) of the H3K27ac histone modification mark, associated with active genes, enhancers, and super-enhancers. These data were then integrated, pathways identified and validated. Sex-biased epigenetic modulation of gene expression leads to differential regulation of biological processes in the developing lung at baseline and after exposure to hyperoxia. The female lung exhibits a more robust epigenomic response for the H3K27ac mark in response to hyperoxia. Epigenomic changes distribute over genomic and epigenomic domains in a sex-specific manner. The differential epigenomic responses also enrich for key transcription regulators crucial for lung development. In addition, by utilizing H3K27ac as the target epigenomic change we were also able to identify new epigenomic reprogramming at super-enhancers. Finally, we report for the first time that the upregulation of p21 (Cdkn1a) in the injured neonatal lung could be mediated through gain of H3K27ac. These data demonstrate that modulation of transcription via epigenomic landscape alterations may contribute to the sex-specific differences in preterm neonatal hyperoxic lung injury and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Coarfa
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA; Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.
| | - Sandra L Grimm
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Tiffany Katz
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA; Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Pediatrics/Neonatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Rahul K Jangid
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Cheryl L Walker
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA; Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
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33
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Swietlik EM, Gräf S, Morrell NW. The role of genomics and genetics in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2020; 2020:e202013. [PMID: 33150157 PMCID: PMC7590931 DOI: 10.21542/gcsp.2020.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia M Swietlik
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Addenbrooke's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Gräf
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Addenbrooke's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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34
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Harbaum L, Rhodes CJ, Otero-Núñez P, Wharton J, Wilkins MR. The application of 'omics' to pulmonary arterial hypertension. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:108-120. [PMID: 32201940 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genome-wide analyses of rare and common sequence variations have brought greater clarity to the genetic architecture of pulmonary arterial hypertension and implicated novel genes in disease development. Transcriptional signatures have been reported in whole lung tissue, pulmonary vascular cells and peripheral circulating cells. High-throughput platforms for plasma proteomics and metabolomics have identified novel biomarkers associated with clinical outcomes and provided molecular instruments for risk assessment. There are methodological challenges to integrating these datasets, coupled to statistical power limitations inherent to the study of a rare disease, but the expectation is that this approach will reveal novel druggable targets and biomarkers that will open the way to personalized medicine. Here, we review the current state-of-the-art and future promise of 'omics' in the field of translational medicine in pulmonary arterial hypertension. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.1/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Harbaum
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Pablo Otero-Núñez
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John Wharton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Martin R Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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35
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Chen X, Li Y, Luo J, Hou N. Molecular Mechanism of Hippo-YAP1/TAZ Pathway in Heart Development, Disease, and Regeneration. Front Physiol 2020; 11:389. [PMID: 32390875 PMCID: PMC7191303 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo-YAP1/TAZ pathway is a highly conserved central mechanism that controls organ size through the regulation of cell proliferation and other physical attributes of cells. The transcriptional factors Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) act as downstream effectors of the Hippo pathway, and their subcellular location and transcriptional activities are affected by multiple post-translational modifications (PTMs). Studies have conclusively demonstrated a pivotal role of the Hippo-YAP1/TAZ pathway in cardiac development, disease, and regeneration. Targeted therapeutics for the YAP1/TAZ could be an effective treatment option for cardiac regeneration and disease. This review article provides an overview of the Hippo-YAP1/TAZ pathway and the increasing impact of PTMs in fine-tuning YAP1/TAZ activation; in addition, we discuss the potential contributions of the Hippo-YAP1/TAZ pathway in cardiac development, disease, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilang Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiandong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Hou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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36
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Bolte C, Kalin TV, Kalinichenko VV. Molecular, cellular, and bioengineering approaches to stimulate lung regeneration after injury. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 100:101-108. [PMID: 31669132 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The lung is susceptible to damage from a variety of sources throughout development and in adulthood. As a result, the lung has great capacities for repair and regeneration, directed by precisely controlled sequences of molecular and signaling pathways. Impairments or alterations in these signaling events can have deleterious effects on lung structure and function, ultimately leading to chronic lung disorders. When lung injury is too severe for the normal pathways to repair, or if those pathways do not function properly, lung regenerative medicine is needed to restore adequate structure and function. Great progress has been made in recent years in the number of regenerative techniques and their efficacy. This review will address recent progress in lung regenerative medicine focusing on pharmacotherapy including the expanding role of nanotechnology, stem cell-based therapies, and bioengineering techniques. The use of these techniques individually and collectively has the potential to significantly improve morbidity and mortality associated with congenital and acquired lung disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Bolte
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
| | - Tanya V Kalin
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Vladimir V Kalinichenko
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
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37
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Southgate L, Machado RD, Gräf S, Morrell NW. Molecular genetic framework underlying pulmonary arterial hypertension. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 17:85-95. [PMID: 31406341 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-019-0242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, progressive disorder typified by occlusion of the pulmonary arterioles owing to endothelial dysfunction and uncontrolled proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. Vascular occlusion can lead to increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries, often resulting in right ventricular failure with shortness of breath and syncope. Since the identification of BMPR2, which encodes a receptor in the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, the development of high-throughput sequencing approaches to identify novel causal genes has substantially advanced our understanding of the molecular genetics of PAH. In the past 6 years, additional pathways involved in PAH susceptibility have been described through the identification of deleterious genetic variants in potassium channels (KCNK3 and ABCC8) and transcription factors (TBX4 and SOX17), among others. Although familial PAH most often has an autosomal-dominant pattern of inheritance, cases of incomplete penetrance and evidence of genetic heterogeneity support a model of PAH as a Mendelian disorder with complex disease features. In this Review, we outline the latest advances in the detection of rare and common genetic variants underlying PAH susceptibility and disease progression. These findings have clinical implications for lung vascular function and can help to identify mechanistic pathways amenable to pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Southgate
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rajiv D Machado
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Stefan Gräf
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,NIHR BioResource, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,NIHR BioResource, Cambridge, UK.
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38
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Genetics and Other Omics in Pediatric Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Chest 2020; 157:1287-1295. [PMID: 32006592 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease with high mortality despite therapeutic advances. Clinical management of children with PAH is particularly challenging because of increased complexity of disease etiology and clinical presentation, and the lack of data from pediatric-specific clinical trials. In children, PAH often develops in association with congenital heart disease and other developmental disorders. Emerging data from genetic studies of pediatric-onset PAH indicate that the genetic basis is different than that of adults. There is a greater genetic burden in children, with rare genetic factors contributing to at least 35% of pediatric-onset idiopathic PAH (IPAH) compared with approximately 11% of adult-onset IPAH. De novo variants are the most frequent monogenetic cause of PAH in children, likely contributing to approximately 15% of all cases. Rare deleterious variants in BMPR2 contribute to pediatric-onset IPAH and familial PAH with similar frequency as adult-onset disease but rarely explain cases of PAH associated with other diseases. Rare deleterious variants in developmental genes-including TBX4, SOX17, and other genes requiring confirmation in larger cohorts-are emerging as important contributors to pediatric-onset disease. Because each causal gene contributes to only a small number of cases, large cohorts of pediatric-onset PAH are needed to further identify the unique etiologic differences of PAH in children. We propose a genetics-first approach followed by focused phenotyping of pediatric patients grouped by genetic diagnosis to define endophenotypes that can be used to improve risk stratification and treatment.
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39
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Hiraide T, Kataoka M, Suzuki H, Aimi Y, Chiba T, Kanekura K, Satoh T, Fukuda K, Gamou S, Kosaki K. SOX17 Mutations in Japanese Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 198:1231-1233. [PMID: 30044643 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201804-0766le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yuki Aimi
- 2 Kyorin University School of Medicine Tokyo, Japan and
| | | | | | - Toru Satoh
- 2 Kyorin University School of Medicine Tokyo, Japan and
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40
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Angelozzi M, Lefebvre V. SOXopathies: Growing Family of Developmental Disorders Due to SOX Mutations. Trends Genet 2019; 35:658-671. [PMID: 31288943 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The SRY-related (SOX) transcription factor family pivotally contributes to determining cell fate and identity in many lineages. Since the original discovery that SRY deletions cause sex reversal, mutations in half of the 20 human SOX genes have been associated with rare congenital disorders, henceforward called SOXopathies. Mutations are generally de novo, heterozygous, and inactivating, revealing gene haploinsufficiency, but other types, including duplications, have been reported too. Missense variants primarily target the HMG domain, the SOX hallmark that mediates DNA binding and bending, nuclear trafficking, and protein-protein interactions. We here review key clinical and molecular features of SOXopathies and discuss the prospect that the disease family likely involves more SOX genes and larger clinical and genetic spectrums than currently appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Angelozzi
- Department of Surgery/Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Véronique Lefebvre
- Department of Surgery/Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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41
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Ha EH, Choi JP, Kwon HS, Park HJ, Lah SJ, Moon KA, Lee SH, Kim I, Cho YS. Endothelial Sox17 promotes allergic airway inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:561-573.e6. [PMID: 30928652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-33, levels of which are known to be increased in patients with eosinophilic asthma and which is suggested as a therapeutic target for it, activates endothelial cells in which Sry-related high-mobility-group box (Sox) 17, an endothelium-specific transcription factor, was upregulated. OBJECTIVE We investigated the relationship between Sox17 and IL-33 and the possible role of Sox17 in the pathogenesis of asthma using a mouse model of airway inflammation. METHODS We used ovalbumin (OVA) to induce airway inflammation in endothelium-specific Sox17 null mutant mice and used IL-33 neutralizing antibody to evaluate the interplay between IL-33 and Sox17. We evaluated airway inflammation and measured levels of various cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. We also carried out loss- or gain-of-function experiments for Sox17 in human endothelial cells. RESULTS Levels of IL-33 and Sox17 were significantly increased in the lungs of OVA-challenged mice. Anti-IL-33 neutralizing antibody treatment attenuated not only OVA-induced airway inflammation but also Sox17 expression in pulmonary endothelial cells. Importantly, endothelium-specific deletion of Sox17 resulted in significant alleviation of various clinical features of asthma, including airway inflammation, immune cell infiltration, cytokine/chemokine production, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Sox17 deletion also resulted in decreased densities of Ly6chigh monocytes and inflammatory dendritic cells in the lungs. In IL-33-stimulated human endothelial cells, Sox17 showed positive correlation with CCL2 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 levels. Lastly, Sox17 promoted monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and upregulated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway. CONCLUSION Sox17 was regulated by IL-33, and its genetic ablation in endothelial cells resulted in alleviation of asthma-related pathophysiologic features. Sox17 might be a potential target for asthma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hee Ha
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | | | - Hyouk-Soo Kwon
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeung Ju Park
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang Joon Lah
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | | | - Seung-Hyo Lee
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Injune Kim
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - You Sook Cho
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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42
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Gu S, Kumar R, Lee MH, Mickael C, Graham BB. Common genetic variants in pulmonary arterial hypertension. THE LANCET. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2019; 7:190-191. [PMID: 30527955 PMCID: PMC6768546 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(18)30448-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sue Gu
- Program in Translational Lung Research, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Program in Translational Lung Research, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michael H Lee
- Program in Translational Lung Research, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Claudia Mickael
- Program in Translational Lung Research, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brian B Graham
- Program in Translational Lung Research, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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43
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Genetic determinants of risk in pulmonary arterial hypertension: international genome-wide association studies and meta-analysis. THE LANCET. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2019; 7:227-238. [PMID: 30527956 PMCID: PMC6391516 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(18)30409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rare genetic variants cause pulmonary arterial hypertension, but the contribution of common genetic variation to disease risk and natural history is poorly characterised. We tested for genome-wide association for pulmonary arterial hypertension in large international cohorts and assessed the contribution of associated regions to outcomes. METHODS We did two separate genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and a meta-analysis of pulmonary arterial hypertension. These GWAS used data from four international case-control studies across 11 744 individuals with European ancestry (including 2085 patients). One GWAS used genotypes from 5895 whole-genome sequences and the other GWAS used genotyping array data from an additional 5849 individuals. Cross-validation of loci reaching genome-wide significance was sought by meta-analysis. Conditional analysis corrected for the most significant variants at each locus was used to resolve signals for multiple associations. We functionally annotated associated variants and tested associations with duration of survival. All-cause mortality was the primary endpoint in survival analyses. FINDINGS A locus near SOX17 (rs10103692, odds ratio 1·80 [95% CI 1·55-2·08], p=5·13 × 10-15) and a second locus in HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1 (collectively referred to as HLA-DPA1/DPB1 here; rs2856830, 1·56 [1·42-1·71], p=7·65 × 10-20) within the class II MHC region were associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension. The SOX17 locus had two independent signals associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (rs13266183, 1·36 [1·25-1·48], p=1·69 × 10-12; and rs10103692). Functional and epigenomic data indicate that the risk variants near SOX17 alter gene regulation via an enhancer active in endothelial cells. Pulmonary arterial hypertension risk variants determined haplotype-specific enhancer activity, and CRISPR-mediated inhibition of the enhancer reduced SOX17 expression. The HLA-DPA1/DPB1 rs2856830 genotype was strongly associated with survival. Median survival from diagnosis in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension with the C/C homozygous genotype was double (13·50 years [95% CI 12·07 to >13·50]) that of those with the T/T genotype (6·97 years [6·02-8·05]), despite similar baseline disease severity. INTERPRETATION This is the first study to report that common genetic variation at loci in an enhancer near SOX17 and in HLA-DPA1/DPB1 is associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Impairment of SOX17 function might be more common in pulmonary arterial hypertension than suggested by rare mutations in SOX17. Further studies are needed to confirm the association between HLA typing or rs2856830 genotyping and survival, and to determine whether HLA typing or rs2856830 genotyping improves risk stratification in clinical practice or trials. FUNDING UK NIHR, BHF, UK MRC, Dinosaur Trust, NIH/NHLBI, ERS, EMBO, Wellcome Trust, EU, AHA, ACClinPharm, Netherlands CVRI, Dutch Heart Foundation, Dutch Federation of UMC, Netherlands OHRD and RNAS, German DFG, German BMBF, APH Paris, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, and French ANR.
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Whitsett JA, Kalin TV, Xu Y, Kalinichenko VV. Building and Regenerating the Lung Cell by Cell. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:513-554. [PMID: 30427276 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00001.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique architecture of the mammalian lung is required for adaptation to air breathing at birth and thereafter. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling its morphogenesis provides the framework for understanding the pathogenesis of acute and chronic lung diseases. Recent single-cell RNA sequencing data and high-resolution imaging identify the remarkable heterogeneity of pulmonary cell types and provides cell selective gene expression underlying lung development. We will address fundamental issues related to the diversity of pulmonary cells, to the formation and function of the mammalian lung, and will review recent advances regarding the cellular and molecular pathways involved in lung organogenesis. What cells form the lung in the early embryo? How are cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation regulated during lung morphogenesis? How do cells interact during lung formation and repair? How do signaling and transcriptional programs determine cell-cell interactions necessary for lung morphogenesis and function?
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Whitsett
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tanya V Kalin
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Yan Xu
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Vladimir V Kalinichenko
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Bertero T, Handen AL, Chan SY. Factors Associated with Heritable Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Exert Convergent Actions on the miR-130/301-Vascular Matrix Feedback Loop. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082289. [PMID: 30081553 PMCID: PMC6121519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by occlusion of lung arterioles, leading to marked increases in pulmonary vascular resistance. Although heritable forms of PAH are known to be driven by genetic mutations that share some commonality of function, the extent to which these effectors converge to regulate shared processes in this disease is unknown. We have causally connected extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and mechanotransduction to the miR-130/301 family in a feedback loop that drives vascular activation and downstream PAH. However, the molecular interconnections between factors genetically associated with PAH and this mechano-driven feedback loop remain undefined. We performed systematic manipulation of matrix stiffness, the miR-130/301 family, and factors genetically associated with PAH in primary human pulmonary arterial cells and assessed downstream and reciprocal consequences on their expression. We found that a network of factors linked to heritable PAH converges upon the matrix stiffening-miR-130/301-PPARγ-LRP8 axis in order to remodel the ECM. Furthermore, we leveraged a computational network biology approach to predict a number of additional molecular circuits functionally linking this axis to the ECM. These results demonstrate that multiple genes associated with heritable PAH converge to control the miR-130/301 circuit, triggering a self-amplifying feedback process central to pulmonary vascular stiffening and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bertero
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7284, INSERM U1081, IRCAN, Nice 06100, France.
| | - Adam L Handen
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Stephen Y Chan
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Zhu N, Welch CL, Wang J, Allen PM, Gonzaga-Jauregui C, Ma L, King AK, Krishnan U, Rosenzweig EB, Ivy DD, Austin ED, Hamid R, Pauciulo MW, Lutz KA, Nichols WC, Reid JG, Overton JD, Baras A, Dewey FE, Shen Y, Chung WK. Rare variants in SOX17 are associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension with congenital heart disease. Genome Med 2018; 10:56. [PMID: 30029678 PMCID: PMC6054746 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-018-0566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease characterized by distinctive changes in pulmonary arterioles that lead to progressive pulmonary arterial pressures, right-sided heart failure, and a high mortality rate. Up to 30% of adult and 75% of pediatric PAH cases are associated with congenital heart disease (PAH-CHD), and the underlying etiology is largely unknown. There are no known major risk genes for PAH-CHD. METHODS To identify novel genetic causes of PAH-CHD, we performed whole exome sequencing in 256 PAH-CHD patients. We performed a case-control gene-based association test of rare deleterious variants using 7509 gnomAD whole genome sequencing population controls. We then screened a separate cohort of 413 idiopathic and familial PAH patients without CHD for rare deleterious variants in the top association gene. RESULTS We identified SOX17 as a novel candidate risk gene (p = 5.5e-7). SOX17 is highly constrained and encodes a transcription factor involved in Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling during development. We estimate that rare deleterious variants contribute to approximately 3.2% of PAH-CHD cases. The coding variants identified include likely gene-disrupting (LGD) and deleterious missense, with most of the missense variants occurring in a highly conserved HMG-box protein domain. We further observed an enrichment of rare deleterious variants in putative targets of SOX17, many of which are highly expressed in developing heart and pulmonary vasculature. In the cohort of PAH without CHD, rare deleterious variants of SOX17 were observed in 0.7% of cases. CONCLUSIONS These data strongly implicate SOX17 as a new risk gene contributing to PAH-CHD as well as idiopathic/familial PAH. Replication in other PAH cohorts and further characterization of the clinical phenotype will be important to confirm the precise role of SOX17 and better estimate the contribution of genes regulated by SOX17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Carrie L. Welch
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Jiayao Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Philip M. Allen
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | | | - Lijiang Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Alejandra K. King
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Usha Krishnan
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Erika B. Rosenzweig
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - D. Dunbar Ivy
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Denver, CO USA
| | - Eric D. Austin
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Rizwan Hamid
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Michael W. Pauciulo
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of CincinnatiCollege of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Katie A. Lutz
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - William C. Nichols
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of CincinnatiCollege of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Jeffrey G. Reid
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - John D. Overton
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Frederick E. Dewey
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Wendy K. Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
- New York, USA
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Gräf S, Haimel M, Bleda M, Hadinnapola C, Southgate L, Li W, Hodgson J, Liu B, Salmon RM, Southwood M, Machado RD, Martin JM, Treacy CM, Yates K, Daugherty LC, Shamardina O, Whitehorn D, Holden S, Aldred M, Bogaard HJ, Church C, Coghlan G, Condliffe R, Corris PA, Danesino C, Eyries M, Gall H, Ghio S, Ghofrani HA, Gibbs JSR, Girerd B, Houweling AC, Howard L, Humbert M, Kiely DG, Kovacs G, MacKenzie Ross RV, Moledina S, Montani D, Newnham M, Olschewski A, Olschewski H, Peacock AJ, Pepke-Zaba J, Prokopenko I, Rhodes CJ, Scelsi L, Seeger W, Soubrier F, Stein DF, Suntharalingam J, Swietlik EM, Toshner MR, van Heel DA, Vonk Noordegraaf A, Waisfisz Q, Wharton J, Wort SJ, Ouwehand WH, Soranzo N, Lawrie A, Upton PD, Wilkins MR, Trembath RC, Morrell NW. Identification of rare sequence variation underlying heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1416. [PMID: 29650961 PMCID: PMC5897357 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03672-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disorder with a poor prognosis. Deleterious variation within components of the transforming growth factor-β pathway, particularly the bone morphogenetic protein type 2 receptor (BMPR2), underlies most heritable forms of PAH. To identify the missing heritability we perform whole-genome sequencing in 1038 PAH index cases and 6385 PAH-negative control subjects. Case-control analyses reveal significant overrepresentation of rare variants in ATP13A3, AQP1 and SOX17, and provide independent validation of a critical role for GDF2 in PAH. We demonstrate familial segregation of mutations in SOX17 and AQP1 with PAH. Mutations in GDF2, encoding a BMPR2 ligand, lead to reduced secretion from transfected cells. In addition, we identify pathogenic mutations in the majority of previously reported PAH genes, and provide evidence for further putative genes. Taken together these findings contribute new insights into the molecular basis of PAH and indicate unexplored pathways for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Gräf
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom.
- NIHR BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom.
| | - Matthias Haimel
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom
- NIHR BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Bleda
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Charaka Hadinnapola
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Southgate
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
- Division of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Hodgson
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M Salmon
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Southwood
- Royal Papworth Hospital, Papworth Everard, Cambridge, CB23 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Rajiv D Machado
- Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St George's University of London, London, SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer M Martin
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom
- NIHR BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen M Treacy
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Royal Papworth Hospital, Papworth Everard, Cambridge, CB23 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Yates
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom
- NIHR BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom
| | - Louise C Daugherty
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom
- NIHR BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom
| | - Olga Shamardina
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom
- NIHR BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Whitehorn
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom
- NIHR BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Holden
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Harm J Bogaard
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1007 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Colin Church
- Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, G81 4DY, United Kingdom
| | - Gerry Coghlan
- Royal Free Hospital, London, NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Condliffe
- Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, S10 2JF, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Corris
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Cesare Danesino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Mélanie Eyries
- Département de génétique, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and UMR_S 1166-ICAN, INSERM, UPMC Sorbonne Universités, Paris, 75252, France
| | - Henning Gall
- University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and of the Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCCPS), Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Stefano Ghio
- Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Hossein-Ardeschir Ghofrani
- University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and of the Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCCPS), Giessen, 35392, Germany
- Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J Simon R Gibbs
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Girerd
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay; AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de référence de l'hypertension pulmonaire; INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, 94270, France
| | | | - Luke Howard
- Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Humbert
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay; AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de référence de l'hypertension pulmonaire; INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, 94270, France
| | - David G Kiely
- Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, S10 2JF, United Kingdom
| | - Gabor Kovacs
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, 8010, Austria
- Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | | | - Shahin Moledina
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, WC1N 3JH, United Kingdom
| | - David Montani
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay; AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de référence de l'hypertension pulmonaire; INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, 94270, France
| | - Michael Newnham
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Horst Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, 8010, Austria
- Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Andrew J Peacock
- Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, G81 4DY, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Pepke-Zaba
- Royal Papworth Hospital, Papworth Everard, Cambridge, CB23 3RE, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Laura Scelsi
- Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Werner Seeger
- University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and of the Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCCPS), Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Florent Soubrier
- Département de génétique, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and UMR_S 1166-ICAN, INSERM, UPMC Sorbonne Universités, Paris, 75252, France
| | - Dan F Stein
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jay Suntharalingam
- Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, BA1 3NG, United Kingdom
| | - Emilia M Swietlik
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Toshner
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - David A van Heel
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Quinten Waisfisz
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1007 MB, The Netherlands
| | - John Wharton
- Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Wort
- Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Royal Brompton Hospital, London, SW3 6NP, United Kingdom
| | - Willem H Ouwehand
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom
- NIHR BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Allan Lawrie
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D Upton
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Richard C Trembath
- Division of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
- NIHR BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, United Kingdom.
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Bolte C, Whitsett JA, Kalin TV, Kalinichenko VV. Transcription Factors Regulating Embryonic Development of Pulmonary Vasculature. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2018; 228:1-20. [PMID: 29288383 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-68483-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Lung morphogenesis is a highly orchestrated process beginning with the appearance of lung buds on approximately embryonic day 9.5 in the mouse. Endodermally derived epithelial cells of the primitive lung buds undergo branching morphogenesis to generate the tree-like network of epithelial-lined tubules. The pulmonary vasculature develops in close proximity to epithelial progenitor cells in a process that is regulated by interactions between the developing epithelium and underlying mesenchyme. Studies in transgenic and knockout mouse models demonstrate that normal lung morphogenesis requires coordinated interactions between cells lining the tubules, which end in peripheral saccules, juxtaposed to an extensive network of capillaries. Multiple growth factors, microRNAs, transcription factors, and their associated signaling cascades regulate cellular proliferation, migration, survival, and differentiation during formation of the peripheral lung. Dysregulation of signaling events caused by gene mutations, teratogens, or premature birth causes severe congenital and acquired lung diseases in which normal alveolar architecture and the pulmonary capillary network are disrupted. Herein, we review scientific progress regarding signaling and transcriptional mechanisms regulating the development of pulmonary vasculature during lung morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Bolte
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Whitsett
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tanya V Kalin
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Vladimir V Kalinichenko
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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49
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Chin AM, Tsai YH, Finkbeiner SR, Nagy MS, Walker EM, Ethen NJ, Williams BO, Battle MA, Spence JR. A Dynamic WNT/β-CATENIN Signaling Environment Leads to WNT-Independent and WNT-Dependent Proliferation of Embryonic Intestinal Progenitor Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:826-839. [PMID: 27720905 PMCID: PMC5106483 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Much of our understanding about how intestinal stem and progenitor cells are regulated comes from studying the late fetal stages of development and the adult intestine. In this light, little is known about intestine development prior to the formation of stereotypical villus structures with columnar epithelium, a stage when the epithelium is pseudostratified and appears to be a relatively uniform population of progenitor cells with high proliferative capacity. Here, we investigated a role for WNT/β-CATENIN signaling during the pseudostratified stages of development (E13.5, E14.5) and following villus formation (E15.5) in mice. In contrast to the well-described role for WNT/β-CATENIN signaling as a regulator of stem/progenitor cells in the late fetal and adult gut, conditional epithelial deletion of β-catenin or the Frizzled co-receptors Lrp5 and Lrp6 had no effect on epithelial progenitor cell proliferation in the pseudostratified epithelium. Mutant embryos displayed obvious developmental defects, including loss of proliferation and disruptions in villus formation starting only at E15.5. Mechanistically, our data suggest that WNT signaling-mediated proliferation at the time of villus formation is driven by mesenchymal, but not epithelial, WNT ligand secretion. WNT/β-CATENIN signaling is not required for proliferation during pseudostratified growth Deleting epithelial β-catenin causes loss of proliferation during villus morphogenesis Loss of WNT/β-CATENIN signaling leads to perturbations in villus formation Mesenchymal, not epithelial, WNT ligands are required for epithelial proliferation
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana M Chin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yu-Hwai Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Stacy R Finkbeiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Melinda S Nagy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Emily M Walker
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Nicole J Ethen
- Program in Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Bart O Williams
- Program in Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Michele A Battle
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Guimarães-Young A, Neff T, Dupuy AJ, Goodheart MJ. Conditional deletion of Sox17 reveals complex effects on uterine adenogenesis and function. Dev Biol 2016; 414:219-27. [PMID: 27102016 PMCID: PMC5521196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The importance of canonical Wnt signaling to murine uterine development is well established. Mouse models in which uterine-specific Wnt ligands, β-catenin, or Lef1 are disrupted result in failure of postnatal endometrial gland development. Sox17 is a transcription factor characterized in numerous tissues as an antagonist of Wnt signaling. Thus, we hypothesized that conditional ablation of Sox17 would lead to hyperproliferation of endometrial glands in mice. Contrary to our prediction, disruption of Sox17 in epithelial and stromal compartments led to inhibition of endometrial adenogenesis and a loss of reproductive capacity. Epithelium-specific Sox17 disruption resulted in normal adenogenesis although reproductive capacity remained impaired. These findings suggest that non-epithelial, Sox17-positive cells are necessary for adenogenesis and that glands require Sox17 to properly function. To our knowledge, these findings are the first to implicate Sox17 in endometrial gland formation and reproductive success. The data presented herein underscore the importance of studying Sox17 in uterine homeostasis and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Guimarães-Young
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Traci Neff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Adam J Dupuy
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Michael J Goodheart
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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