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Wang LL, Lu ZJ, Luo SK, Li Y, Yang Z, Lu HY. Unveiling the role of hypoxia-inducible factor 2alpha in osteoporosis: Implications for bone health. World J Stem Cells 2024; 16:389-409. [PMID: 38690514 PMCID: PMC11056635 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i4.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis (OP) has become a major public health problem worldwide. Most OP treatments are based on the inhibition of bone resorption, and it is necessary to identify additional treatments aimed at enhancing osteogenesis. In the bone marrow (BM) niche, bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are exposed to a hypoxic environment. Recently, a few studies have demonstrated that hypoxia-inducible factor 2alpha (HIF-2α) is involved in BMSC osteogenic differentiation, but the molecular mechanism involved has not been determined. AIM To investigate the effect of HIF-2α on the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs and the hematopoietic function of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the BM niche on the progression of OP. METHODS Mice with BMSC-specific HIF-2α knockout (Prx1-Cre;Hif-2αfl/fl mice) were used for in vivo experiments. Bone quantification was performed on mice of two genotypes with three interventions: Bilateral ovariectomy, semilethal irradiation, and dexamethasone treatment. Moreover, the hematopoietic function of HSCs in the BM niche was compared between the two mouse genotypes. In vitro, the HIF-2α agonist roxadustat and the HIF-2α inhibitor PT2399 were used to investigate the function of HIF-2α in BMSC osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Finally, we investigated the effect of HIF-2α on BMSCs via treatment with the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) agonist MHY1485 and the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. RESULTS The quantitative index determined by microcomputed tomography indicated that the femoral bone density of Prx1-Cre;Hif-2αfl/fl mice was lower than that of Hif-2αfl/fl mice under the three intervention conditions. In vitro, Hif-2αfl/fl mouse BMSCs were cultured and treated with the HIF-2α agonist roxadustat, and after 7 d of BMSC adipogenic differentiation, the oil red O staining intensity and mRNA expression levels of adipogenesis-related genes in BMSCs treated with roxadustat were decreased; in addition, after 14 d of osteogenic differentiation, BMSCs treated with roxadustat exhibited increased expression of osteogenesis-related genes. The opposite effects were shown for mouse BMSCs treated with the HIF-2α inhibitor PT2399. The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin was used to confirm that HIF-2α regulated BMSC osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation by inhibiting the mTOR pathway. Consequently, there was no significant difference in the hematopoietic function of HSCs between Prx1-Cre;Hif-2αfl/fl and Hif-2αfl/fl mice. CONCLUSION Our study showed that inhibition of HIF-2α decreases bone mass by inhibiting the osteogenic differentiation and increasing the adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs through inhibition of mTOR signaling in the BM niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Wang
- Department of Gerontology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhan-Jin Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shun-Kui Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Hospital Affiliated with Medical College of Macao University of Science and Technology), Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong-Yun Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Hospital Affiliated with Medical College of Macao University of Science and Technology), Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong Province, China.
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Reyes M, Firat D, Hanna P, Khan M, Bruce M, Shvedova M, Kobayashi T, Schipani E, Gardella TJ, Jüppner H. Substantially Delayed Maturation of Growth Plate Chondrocytes in "Humanized" PTH1R Mice with the H223R Mutation of Jansen's Disease. JBMR Plus 2023; 7:e10802. [PMID: 37808400 PMCID: PMC10556264 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related Peptide (PTHrP) receptor (PTH1R) mutations causes Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (JMC), a rare disease characterized by growth plate abnormalities, short stature, and PTH-independent hypercalcemia. Previously generated transgenic JMC mouse models, in which the human PTH1R allele with the H223R mutation (H223R-PTH1R) is expressed in osteoblasts via type Ia1 collagen or DMP1 promoters cause excess bone mass, while expression of the mutant allele via the type IIa1 collagen promoter results in only minor growth plate changes. Thus, neither transgenic JMC model adequately recapitulates the human disease. We therefore generated "humanized" JMC mice in which the H223R-PTH1R allele was expressed via the endogenous mouse Pth1r promoter and, thus, in all relevant target tissues. Founders with the H223R allele typically died within 2 months without reproducing; several mosaic male founders, however, lived longer and produced F1 H223R-PTH1R offspring, which were small and exhibited marked growth plate abnormalities. Serum calcium and phosphate levels of the mutant mice were not different from wild-type littermates, but serum PTH and P1NP were reduced significantly, while CTX-1 and CTX-2 were slightly increased. Histological and RNAscope analyses of the mutant tibial growth plates revealed markedly expanded zones of type II collagen-positive, proliferating/prehypertrophic chondrocytes, abundant apoptotic cells in the growth plate center and a progressive reduction of type X collagen-positive hypertrophic chondrocytes and primary spongiosa. The "humanized" H223R-PTH1R mice are likely to provide a more suitable model for defining the JMC phenotype and for assessing potential treatment options for this debilitating disease of skeletal development and mineral ion homeostasis. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Reyes
- Endocrine UnitMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Damla Firat
- Endocrine UnitMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Patrick Hanna
- Endocrine UnitMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Mohd Khan
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman Medical SchoolPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Michael Bruce
- Endocrine UnitMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Maria Shvedova
- Endocrine UnitMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Tatsuya Kobayashi
- Endocrine UnitMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Ernestina Schipani
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman Medical SchoolPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Thomas J. Gardella
- Endocrine UnitMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Harald Jüppner
- Endocrine UnitMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Pediatric Nephrology UnitMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
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3
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Baronas JM, Bartell E, Eliasen A, Doench JG, Yengo L, Vedantam S, Marouli E, Kronenberg HM, Hirschhorn JN, Renthal NE. Genome-wide CRISPR screening of chondrocyte maturation newly implicates genes in skeletal growth and height-associated GWAS loci. CELL GENOMICS 2023; 3:100299. [PMID: 37228756 PMCID: PMC10203046 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in the growth and maturation of chondrocytes can lead to variation in human height, including monogenic disorders of skeletal growth. We aimed to identify genes and pathways relevant to human growth by pairing human height genome-wide association studies (GWASs) with genome-wide knockout (KO) screens of growth-plate chondrocyte proliferation and maturation in vitro. We identified 145 genes that alter chondrocyte proliferation and maturation at early and/or late time points in culture, with 90% of genes validating in secondary screening. These genes are enriched in monogenic growth disorder genes and in KEGG pathways critical for skeletal growth and endochondral ossification. Further, common variants near these genes capture height heritability independent of genes computationally prioritized from GWASs. Our study emphasizes the value of functional studies in biologically relevant tissues as orthogonal datasets to refine likely causal genes from GWASs and implicates new genetic regulators of chondrocyte proliferation and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Baronas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric Bartell
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anders Eliasen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Section for Bioinformatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - John G. Doench
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Loic Yengo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sailaja Vedantam
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eirini Marouli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - GIANT Consortium
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Section for Bioinformatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Henry M. Kronenberg
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Joel N. Hirschhorn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nora E. Renthal
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Yang J, Li Q, Feng Y, Zeng Y. Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia: Potential Risk Factors in Bone Loss. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086891. [PMID: 37108056 PMCID: PMC10138976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is one of the essential mineral elements for the human body and this nutrient deficiency is a worldwide public health problem. Iron is essential in oxygen transport, participates in many enzyme systems in the body, and is an important trace element in maintaining basic cellular life activities. Iron also plays an important role in collagen synthesis and vitamin D metabolism. Therefore, decrease in intracellular iron can lead to disturbance in the activity and function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, resulting in imbalance in bone homeostasis and ultimately bone loss. Indeed, iron deficiency, with or without anemia, leads to osteopenia or osteoporosis, which has been revealed by numerous clinical observations and animal studies. This review presents current knowledge on iron metabolism under iron deficiency states and the diagnosis and prevention of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia (IDA). With emphasis, studies related to iron deficiency and bone loss are discussed, and the potential mechanisms of iron deficiency leading to bone loss are analyzed. Finally, several measures to promote complete recovery and prevention of iron deficiency are listed to improve quality of life, including bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Yang
- Department of Osteoporosis, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Qingmei Li
- Department of Osteoporosis, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Osteoporosis, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Yuhong Zeng
- Department of Osteoporosis, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
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5
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Mendoza SV, Genetos DC, Yellowley CE. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2α Signaling in the Skeletal System. JBMR Plus 2023; 7:e10733. [PMID: 37065626 PMCID: PMC10097641 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are oxygen-dependent heterodimeric transcription factors that mediate molecular responses to reductions in cellular oxygen (hypoxia). HIF signaling involves stable HIF-β subunits and labile, oxygen-sensitive HIF-α subunits. Under hypoxic conditions, the HIF-α subunit is stabilized, complexes with nucleus-confined HIF-β subunit, and transcriptionally regulates hypoxia-adaptive genes. Transcriptional responses to hypoxia include altered energy metabolism, angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, and cell fate. Three isoforms of HIF-α-HIF-1α, HIF-2α, and HIF-3α-are found in diverse cell types. HIF-1α and HIF-2α serve as transcriptional activators, whereas HIF-3α restricts HIF-1α and HIF-2α. The structure and isoform-specific functions of HIF-1α in mediating molecular responses to hypoxia are well established across a wide range of cell and tissue types. The contributions of HIF-2α to hypoxic adaptation are often unconsidered if not outrightly attributed to HIF-1α. This review establishes what is currently known about the diverse roles of HIF-2α in mediating the hypoxic response in skeletal tissues, with specific focus on development and maintenance of skeletal fitness. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah V Mendoza
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Damian C Genetos
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Clare E Yellowley
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
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6
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Mendoza SV, Murugesh DK, Christiansen BA, Genetos ZO, Loots GG, Genetos DC, Yellowley CE. Degradation-Resistant Hypoxia Inducible Factor-2α in Murine Osteocytes Promotes a High Bone Mass Phenotype. JBMR Plus 2023; 7:e10724. [PMID: 37065633 PMCID: PMC10097640 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular oxygen levels vary during development and disease. Adaptations to decreased oxygen bioavailability (hypoxia) are mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcription factors. HIFs are composed of an oxygen-dependent α subunit (HIF-α), of which there are two transcriptionally active isoforms (HIF-1α and HIF-2α), and a constitutively expressed β subunit (HIFβ). Under normoxic conditions, HIF-α is hydroxylated via prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) proteins and targeted for degradation via Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL). Under hypoxic conditions, hydroxylation via PHD is inhibited, allowing for HIF-α stabilization and induction of target transcriptional changes. Our previous studies showed that Vhl deletion in osteocytes (Dmp1-cre; Vhl f/f ) resulted in HIF-α stabilization and generation of a high bone mass (HBM) phenotype. The skeletal impact of HIF-1α accumulation has been well characterized; however, the unique skeletal impacts of HIF-2α remain understudied. Because osteocytes orchestrate skeletal development and homeostasis, we investigated the role of osteocytic HIF-α isoforms in driving HBM phenotypes via osteocyte-specific loss-of-function and gain-of-function HIF-1α and HIF-2α mutations in C57BL/6 female mice. Deletion of Hif1a or Hif2a in osteocytes showed no effect on skeletal microarchitecture. Constitutively stable, degradation-resistant HIF-2α (HIF-2α cDR), but not HIF-1α cDR, generated dramatic increases in bone mass, enhanced osteoclast activity, and expansion of metaphyseal marrow stromal tissue at the expense of hematopoietic tissue. Our studies reveal a novel influence of osteocytic HIF-2α in driving HBM phenotypes that can potentially be harnessed pharmacologically to improve bone mass and reduce fracture risk. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah V. Mendoza
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Deepa K. Murugesh
- Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoriesPhysical and Life Sciences DirectorateLivermoreCAUSA
| | | | - Zoe O. Genetos
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Gabriela G. Loots
- Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoriesPhysical and Life Sciences DirectorateLivermoreCAUSA
| | - Damian C. Genetos
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Clare E. Yellowley
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
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7
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Mangiavini L, Peretti GM, Canciani B, Maffulli N. Epidermal growth factor signalling pathway in endochondral ossification: an evidence-based narrative review. Ann Med 2022; 54:37-50. [PMID: 34955078 PMCID: PMC8725985 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.2015798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
During endochondral bone development, a complex process that leads to the formation of the majority of skeletal elements, mesenchymal cells condense, differentiating into chondrocytes and producing the foetal growth plate. Chondrocytes progressively hypertrophy, induce angiogenesis and are then gradually replaced by bone. Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), one of many growth factors, is the prototype of the EGF-ligand family, which comprises several proteins involved in cell proliferation, migration and survival. In bone, EGF pathway signalling finely tunes the first steps of chondrogenesis by maintaining mesenchymal cells in an undifferentiated stage, and by promoting hypertrophic cartilage replacement. Moreover, EGF signalling modulates bone homeostasis by stimulating osteoblast and osteoclast proliferation, and by regulating osteoblast differentiation under specific spatial and temporal conditions. This evidence-based narrative review describes the EGF pathway in bone metabolism and endochondral bone development. This comprehensive description may be useful in light of possible clinical applications in orthopaedic practice. A deeper knowledge of the role of EGF in bone may be useful in musculoskeletal conditions which may benefit from the modulation of this signalling pathway.Key messagesThe EGF pathway is involved in bone metabolism.EGF signalling is essential in the very early stages of limb development by maintaining cells in an undifferentiated stage.EGF pathway positively regulates chondrocyte proliferation, negatively modulates hypertrophy, and favours cartilage replacement by bone.EGF and EGF-like proteins finely tune the proliferation and differentiation of bone tissue cells, and they also regulate the initial phases of endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mangiavini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - G M Peretti
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - B Canciani
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - N Maffulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy.,Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University Faculty of Medicine, Stoke on Trent, UK
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8
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Chen W, Wu P, Yu F, Luo G, Qing L, Tang J. HIF-1α Regulates Bone Homeostasis and Angiogenesis, Participating in the Occurrence of Bone Metabolic Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223552. [PMID: 36428981 PMCID: PMC9688488 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the physiological condition, the skeletal system's bone resorption and formation are in dynamic balance, called bone homeostasis. However, bone homeostasis is destroyed under pathological conditions, leading to the occurrence of bone metabolism diseases. The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is regulated by oxygen concentration. It affects energy metabolism, which plays a vital role in preventing bone metabolic diseases. This review focuses on the HIF-1α pathway and describes in detail the possible mechanism of its involvement in the regulation of bone homeostasis and angiogenesis, as well as the current experimental studies on the use of HIF-1α in the prevention of bone metabolic diseases. HIF-1α/RANKL/Notch1 pathway bidirectionally regulates the differentiation of macrophages into osteoclasts under different conditions. In addition, HIF-1α is also regulated by many factors, including hypoxia, cofactor activity, non-coding RNA, trace elements, etc. As a pivotal pathway for coupling angiogenesis and osteogenesis, HIF-1α has been widely studied in bone metabolic diseases such as bone defect, osteoporosis, osteonecrosis of the femoral head, fracture, and nonunion. The wide application of biomaterials in bone metabolism also provides a reasonable basis for the experimental study of HIF-1α in preventing bone metabolic diseases.
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Chen Y, Wu J, Zhang S, Gao W, Liao Z, Zhou T, Li Y, Su D, Liu H, Yang X, Su P, Xu C. Hnrnpk maintains chondrocytes survival and function during growth plate development via regulating Hif1α-glycolysis axis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:803. [PMID: 36127325 PMCID: PMC9489716 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The harmonious functioning of growth plate chondrocytes is crucial for skeletogenesis. These cells rely on an appropriate intensity of glycolysis to maintain survival and function in an avascular environment, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Here we show that Hnrnpk orchestrates growth plate development by maintaining the appropriate intensity of glycolysis in chondrocytes. Ablating Hnrnpk causes the occurrence of dwarfism, exhibiting damaged survival and premature differentiation of growth plate chondrocytes. Furthermore, Hnrnpk deficiency results in enhanced transdifferentiation of hypertrophic chondrocytes and increased bone mass. In terms of mechanism, Hnrnpk binds to Hif1a mRNA and promotes its degradation. Deleting Hnrnpk upregulates the expression of Hif1α, leading to the increased expression of downstream glycolytic enzymes and then exorbitant glycolysis. Our study establishes an essential role of Hnrnpk in orchestrating the survival and differentiation of chondrocytes, regulating the Hif1α-glycolysis axis through a post-transcriptional mechanism during growth plate development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Chen
- grid.412615.50000 0004 1803 6239Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Jinna Wu
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095 China
| | - Shun Zhang
- grid.412615.50000 0004 1803 6239Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Wenjie Gao
- grid.412536.70000 0004 1791 7851Department of Orthopaedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Zhiheng Liao
- grid.412615.50000 0004 1803 6239Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Taifeng Zhou
- grid.412615.50000 0004 1803 6239Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Yongyong Li
- grid.412615.50000 0004 1803 6239Precision Medicine Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Deying Su
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Hengyu Liu
- grid.412615.50000 0004 1803 6239Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 China
| | - Peiqiang Su
- grid.412615.50000 0004 1803 6239Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Caixia Xu
- grid.412615.50000 0004 1803 6239Research Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
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10
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Chicana B, Abbasizadeh N, Burns C, Taglinao H, Spencer JA, Manilay JO. Deletion of Vhl in Dmp1-Expressing Cells Causes Microenvironmental Impairment of B Cell Lymphopoiesis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:780945. [PMID: 35250971 PMCID: PMC8889104 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.780945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The contributions of skeletal cells to the processes of B cell development in the bone marrow (BM) have not been completely described. The von-Hippel Lindau protein (VHL) plays a key role in cellular responses to hypoxia. Previous work showed that Dmp1-Cre;Vhl conditional knockout mice (VhlcKO), which deletes Vhl in subsets of mesenchymal stem cells, late osteoblasts and osteocytes, display dysregulated bone growth and reduction in B cells. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the B cell defects using flow cytometry and high-resolution imaging. In the VhlcKO BM, B cell progenitors were increased in frequency and number, whereas Hardy Fractions B-F were decreased. VhlcKO Fractions B-C cells showed increased apoptosis and quiescence. Reciprocal BM chimeras confirmed a B cell-extrinsic source of the VhlcKO B cell defects. In support of this, VhlcKO BM supernatant contained reduced CXCL12 and elevated EPO levels. Intravital and ex vivo imaging revealed VhlcKO BM blood vessels with increased diameter, volume, and a diminished blood-BM barrier. Staining of VhlcKO B cells with an intracellular hypoxic marker indicated the natural existence of distinct B cell microenvironments that differ in local oxygen tensions and that the B cell developmental defects in VhlcKO BM are not initiated by hypoxia. Our studies identify novel mechanisms linking altered bone homeostasis with drastic BM microenvironmental changes that dysregulate B cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsabel Chicana
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States.,Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Nastaran Abbasizadeh
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Christian Burns
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Hanna Taglinao
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Joel A Spencer
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States.,Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer O Manilay
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States.,Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
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Testing Hypoxia in Pig Meniscal Culture: Biological Role of the Vascular-Related Factors in the Differentiation and Viability of Neonatal Meniscus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212465. [PMID: 34830345 PMCID: PMC8617958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Menisci play an essential role in shock absorption, joint stability, load resistance and its transmission thanks to their conformation. Adult menisci can be divided in three zones based on the vascularization: an avascular inner zone with no blood supply, a fully vascularized outer zone, and an intermediate zone. This organization, in addition to the incomplete knowledge about meniscal biology, composition, and gene expression, makes meniscal regeneration still one of the major challenges both in orthopedics and in tissue engineering. To overcome this issue, we aimed to investigate the role of hypoxia in the differentiation of the three anatomical areas of newborn piglet menisci (anterior horn (A), central body (C), and posterior horn (P)) and its effects on vascular factors. After sample collection, menisci were divided in A, C, P, and they were cultured in vitro under hypoxic (1% O2) and normoxic (21% O2) conditions at four different experimental time points (T0 = day of explant; T7 = day 7; T10 = day 10; T14 = day 14); samples were then evaluated through immune, histological, and molecular analyses, cell morpho-functional characteristics; with particular focus on matrix composition and expression of vascular factors. It was observed that hypoxia retained the initial phenotype of cells and induced extracellular matrix production resembling a mature tissue. Hypoxia also modulated the expression of angiogenic factors, especially in the early phase of the study. Thus, we observed that hypoxia contributes to the fibro-chondrogenic differentiation with the involvement of angiogenic factors, especially in the posterior horn, which corresponds to the predominant weight-bearing portion.
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Hypoxia as a Stimulus for the Maturation of Meniscal Cells: Highway to Novel Tissue Engineering Strategies? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136905. [PMID: 34199089 PMCID: PMC8267734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The meniscus possesses low self-healing properties. A perfect regenerative technique for this tissue has not yet been developed. This work aims to evaluate the role of hypoxia in meniscal development in vitro. Menisci from neonatal pigs (day 0) were harvested and cultured under two different atmospheric conditions: hypoxia (1% O2) and normoxia (21% O2) for up to 14 days. Samples were analysed at 0, 7 and 14 days by histochemical (Safranin-O staining), immunofluorescence and RT-PCR (in both methods for SOX-9, HIF-1α, collagen I and II), and biochemical (DNA, GAGs, DNA/GAGs ratio) techniques to record any possible differences in the maturation of meniscal cells. Safranin-O staining showed increments in matrix deposition and round-shape “fibro-chondrocytic” cells in hypoxia-cultured menisci compared with controls under normal atmospheric conditions. The same maturation shifting was observed by immunofluorescence and RT-PCR analysis: SOX-9 and collagen II increased from day zero up to 14 days under a hypoxic environment. An increment of DNA/GAGs ratio typical of mature meniscal tissue (characterized by fewer cells and more GAGs) was observed by biochemical analysis. This study shows that hypoxia can be considered as a booster to achieve meniscal cell maturation, and opens new opportunities in the field of meniscus tissue engineering.
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Cordeiro IR, Tanaka M. Environmental Oxygen is a Key Modulator of Development and Evolution: From Molecules to Ecology. Bioessays 2020; 42:e2000025. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Rosenburg Cordeiro
- Department of Life Science and Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology B‐17, 4259 Nagatsuta‐cho, Midori‐ku Yokohama 226‐8501 Japan
| | - Mikiko Tanaka
- Department of Life Science and Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology B‐17, 4259 Nagatsuta‐cho, Midori‐ku Yokohama 226‐8501 Japan
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Hypoxia, hypoxia-inducible transcription factors and oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylases in bone development and homeostasis. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2020; 28:328-335. [PMID: 30985337 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the role of hypoxia signaling in skeletal cells. RECENT FINDINGS Hypoxia occurs at several stages during bone development. Skeletal cells, like chondrocytes and osteoblasts, respond to this challenge by stabilizing the hypoxia inducible transcription factor HIF, which induces the expression of angiogenic factors and promotes glycolysis. The increased delivery of oxygen and nutrients, together with metabolic adaptations, prevent chondrocyte cell death in the growth plate and promote bone formation by osteoblasts. However, excessive HIF levels have to be avoided during bone development as the resulting metabolic maladaptations cause skeletal dysplasia. Recent studies show that HIF also targets other genes to increase bone mass: it decreases osteoclastogenesis by increasing osteoprotegerin expression and represses sclerostin expression by epigenetic mechanisms, resulting in increased bone formation and decreased resorption. Moreover, increased HIF signaling in osteolineage cells promotes primary and metastatic breast tumor growth, and induces erythropoietin (EPO) production, resulting in polycythemia. Finally, HIF can directly or indirectly through increasing EPO levels, induce the expression and processing of FGF23 and may thereby affect mineral homeostasis and vitamin D metabolism. SUMMARY HIF signaling in skeletal cells not only affects their behavior but also influences erythropoiesis and possibly mineral homeostasis.
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15
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Taheem DK, Jell G, Gentleman E. Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α in Osteochondral Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2020; 26:105-115. [PMID: 31774026 PMCID: PMC7166133 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Damage to osteochondral (OC) tissues can lead to pain, loss of motility, and progress to osteoarthritis. Tissue engineering approaches offer the possibility of replacing damaged tissues and restoring joint function; however, replicating the spatial and functional heterogeneity of native OC tissue remains a pressing challenge. Chondrocytes in healthy cartilage exist in relatively low-oxygen conditions, while osteoblasts in the underlying bone experience higher oxygen pressures. Such oxygen gradients also exist in the limb bud, where they influence OC tissue development. The cellular response to these spatial variations in oxygen pressure, which is mediated by the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway, plays a central role in regulating osteo- and chondrogenesis by directing progenitor cell differentiation and promoting and maintaining appropriate extracellular matrix production. Understanding the role of the HIF pathway in OC tissue development may enable new approaches to engineer OC tissue. In this review, we discuss strategies to spatially and temporarily regulate the HIF pathway in progenitor cells to create functional OC tissue for regenerative therapies. Impact statement Strategies to engineer osteochondral (OC) tissue are limited by the complex and varying microenvironmental conditions in native bone and cartilage. Indeed, native cartilage experiences low-oxygen conditions, while the underlying bone is relatively normoxic. The cellular response to these low-oxygen conditions, which is mediated through the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway, is known to promote and maintain the chondrocyte phenotype. By using tissue engineering scaffolds to spatially and temporally harness the HIF pathway, it may be possible to improve OC tissue engineering strategies for the regeneration of damaged cartilage and its underlying subchondral bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dheraj K. Taheem
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Jell
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Gentleman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Akyol S, Karagoz Z, Dingil Inan N, Butun I, Benli I, Demircan K, Yigitoglu MR, Akyol O, Sahin S, Ozyurt H. The gene expression and protein profiles of ADAMTS and TIMP in human chondrosarcoma cell lines induced by insulin: The potential mechanisms for skeletal and articular abnormalities in diabetes. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/112767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Cordeiro IR, Kabashima K, Ochi H, Munakata K, Nishimori C, Laslo M, Hanken J, Tanaka M. Environmental Oxygen Exposure Allows for the Evolution of Interdigital Cell Death in Limb Patterning. Dev Cell 2019; 50:155-166.e4. [PMID: 31204171 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Amphibians form fingers without webbing by differential growth between digital and interdigital regions. Amniotes, however, employ interdigital cell death (ICD), an additional mechanism that contributes to a greater variation of limb shapes. Here, we investigate the role of environmental oxygen in the evolution of ICD in tetrapods. While cell death is restricted to the limb margin in amphibians with aquatic tadpoles, Eleutherodactylus coqui, a frog with terrestrial-direct-developing eggs, has cell death in the interdigital region. Chicken requires sufficient oxygen and reactive oxygen species to induce cell death, with the oxygen tension profile itself being distinct between the limbs of chicken and Xenopus laevis frogs. Notably, increasing blood vessel density in X. laevis limbs, as well as incubating tadpoles under high oxygen levels, induces ICD. We propose that the oxygen available to terrestrial eggs was an ecological feature crucial for the evolution of ICD, made possible by conserved autopod-patterning mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Rosenburg Cordeiro
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, B-17, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Kaori Kabashima
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, B-17, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Haruki Ochi
- Institute for Promotion of Medical Science Research, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Keijiro Munakata
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, B-17, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Chika Nishimori
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, B-17, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Mara Laslo
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - James Hanken
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Mikiko Tanaka
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, B-17, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan.
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18
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Suppressing Mitochondrial Respiration Is Critical for Hypoxia Tolerance in the Fetal Growth Plate. Dev Cell 2019; 49:748-763.e7. [PMID: 31105007 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen (O2) is both an indispensable metabolic substrate and a regulatory signal that controls the activity of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (Hif1a), a mediator of the cellular adaptation to low O2 tension (hypoxia). Hypoxic cells require Hif1a to survive. Additionally, Hif1a is an inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration. Hence, we hypothesized that enhancing mitochondrial respiration is detrimental to the survival of hypoxic cells in vivo. We tested this hypothesis in the fetal growth plate, which is hypoxic. Our findings show that mitochondrial respiration is dispensable for survival of growth plate chondrocytes. Furthermore, its impairment prevents the extreme hypoxia and the massive chondrocyte death observed in growth plates lacking Hif1a. Consequently, augmenting mitochondrial respiration affects the survival of hypoxic chondrocytes by, at least in part, increasing intracellular hypoxia. We thus propose that partial suppression of mitochondrial respiration is crucial during development to protect the tissues that are physiologically hypoxic from lethal intracellular anoxia.
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19
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We reviewed recent literature on oxygen sensing in osteogenic cells and its contribution to development of a skeletal phenotype, the coupling of osteogenesis with angiogenesis and integration of hypoxia into canonical Wnt signaling, and opportunities to manipulate oxygen sensing to promote skeletal repair. RECENT FINDINGS Oxygen sensing in osteocytes can confer a high bone mass phenotype in murine models; common and unique targets of HIF-1α and HIF-2α and lineage-specific deletion of oxygen sensing machinery suggest differentia utilization and requirement of HIF-α proteins in the differentiation from mesenchymal stem cell to osteoblast to osteocyte; oxygen-dependent but HIF-α-independent signaling may contribute to observed skeletal phenotypes. Manipulating oxygen sensing machinery in osteogenic cells influences skeletal phenotype through angiogenesis-dependent and angiogenesis-independent pathways and involves HIF-1α, HIF-2α, or both proteins. Clinically, an FDA-approved iron chelator promotes angiogenesis and osteogenesis, thereby enhancing the rate of fracture repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare E Yellowley
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Damian C Genetos
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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20
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Guo XQ, Qi L, Yang J, Wang Y, Wang C, Li ZM, Li L, Qu Y, Wang D, Han ZM. Salidroside accelerates fracture healing through cell-autonomous and non-autonomous effects on osteoblasts. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 367:197-211. [PMID: 27942852 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2535-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Salidroside (SAL), a major active component of Rhodiola rosea L., exhibits diverse pharmacological effects. However, the direct roles of SAL in fracture healing remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that SAL significantly promotes proliferation by altering the cell-cycle distribution of osteoblastic cells. SAL also greatly stimulates osteoblast differentiation and mineralization by inducing the expression of Runx2 and Osterix. In addition to its osteoblast-autonomous effects, SAL can activate the HIF-1α pathway coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis through cell-non-autonomous effects. Our in vitro results suggest that SAL significantly up-regulates HIF-1α expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of HIF-1α and the HIF-responsive gene VEGF increase following SAL treatment. Our mechanistic study revealed that the regulation of osteoblastic proliferation and HIF-1α expression partly involves MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling. Our in vivo analysis also demonstrated that SAL can promote angiogenesis within the callus and accelerate fracture healing. Thus, SAL promotes skeletal regeneration in cell-autonomous and cell-non-autonomous ways and might be a potential therapy for accelerating fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Qin Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazards, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Dongli District, Huizhi Ring Road, No. 1, Tianjin, 300309, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Dongli District, Huizhi Ring Road, No. 1, Tianjin, 300309, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Dongli District, Huizhi Ring Road, No. 1, Tianjin, 300309, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazards, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Dongli District, Huizhi Ring Road, No. 1, Tianjin, 300309, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong Min Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Dongli District, Huizhi Ring Road, No. 1, Tianjin, 300309, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Qu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Dongli District, Huizhi Ring Road, No. 1, Tianjin, 300309, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Dongli District, Huizhi Ring Road, No. 1, Tianjin, 300309, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze Min Han
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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Signaling pathways effecting crosstalk between cartilage and adjacent tissues: Seminars in cell and developmental biology: The biology and pathology of cartilage. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 62:16-33. [PMID: 27180955 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endochondral ossification, the mechanism responsible for the development of the long bones, is dependent on an extremely stringent coordination between the processes of chondrocyte maturation in the growth plate, vascular expansion in the surrounding tissues, and osteoblast differentiation and osteogenesis in the perichondrium and the developing bone center. The synchronization of these processes occurring in adjacent tissues is regulated through vigorous crosstalk between chondrocytes, endothelial cells and osteoblast lineage cells. Our knowledge about the molecular constituents of these bidirectional communications is undoubtedly incomplete, but certainly some signaling pathways effective in cartilage have been recognized to play key roles in steering vascularization and osteogenesis in the perichondrial tissues. These include hypoxia-driven signaling pathways, governed by the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which are absolutely essential for the survival and functioning of chondrocytes in the avascular growth plate, at least in part by regulating the oxygenation of developing cartilage through the stimulation of angiogenesis in the surrounding tissues. A second coordinating signal emanating from cartilage and regulating developmental processes in the adjacent perichondrium is Indian Hedgehog (IHH). IHH, produced by pre-hypertrophic and early hypertrophic chondrocytes in the growth plate, induces the differentiation of adjacent perichondrial progenitor cells into osteoblasts, thereby harmonizing the site and time of bone formation with the developmental progression of chondrogenesis. Both signaling pathways represent vital mediators of the tightly organized conversion of avascular cartilage into vascularized and mineralized bone during endochondral ossification.
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Mangiavini L, Merceron C, Schipani E. Analysis of Mouse Growth Plate Development. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN MOUSE BIOLOGY 2016; 6:67-130. [PMID: 26928664 PMCID: PMC5493209 DOI: 10.1002/9780470942390.mo150094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To investigate skeletal development, pathophysiological mechanisms of cartilage and bone disease, and eventually assess innovative treatments, the mouse is a very important resource. During embryonic development, mesenchymal condensations are formed, and cells within these mesenchymal condensations either directly differentiate into osteoblasts and give origin to intramembranous bone, or differentiate into chondrocytes and form a cartilaginous anlage. The cartilaginous anlage or fetal growth plate is then replaced with bone. This process is also called endochondral bone development, and it is responsible for the generation of most of our skeleton. Here we discuss in detail the most common in vivo and in vitro techniques our laboratory is currently using for the analysis of the mouse fetal growth plate during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mangiavini
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Christophe Merceron
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Inserm, UMRS 791-LIOAD, Centre for Osteoarticular and Dental Tissue Engineering, Group STEP ‘Skeletal Tissue Engineering and Physiopathology’, Nantes, France
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, LUNAM, Nantes University, Nantes, France
| | - Ernestina Schipani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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AKYOL S, GÜLEÇ MA, DEMİRİN H, AKYOL Ö. Regeneration and healing of bone and cartilage in type-1 and type-2 diabetes: the effects of insulin. Turk J Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.3906/biy-1507-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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24
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Mangiavini L, Merceron C, Araldi E, Khatri R, Gerard-O'Riley R, Wilson TL, Sandusky G, Abadie J, Lyons KM, Giaccia AJ, Schipani E. Fibrosis and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α-dependent tumors of the soft tissue on loss of von Hippel-Lindau in mesenchymal progenitors. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:3090-101. [PMID: 26348575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The hypoxia-inducible factor (Hif)-1α (Hif-1α) and Hif-2α (Epas1) have a critical role in both normal development and cancer. von Hippel Lindau (Vhl) protein, encoded by a tumor suppressor gene, is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets Hif-1α and Epas1 to the proteasome for degradation. To better understand the role of Vhl in the biology of mesenchymal cells, we analyzed mutant mice lacking Vhl in mesenchymal progenitors that give rise to the soft tissues that form and surround synovial joints. Loss of Vhl in mesenchymal progenitors of the limb bud caused severe fibrosis of the synovial joints and formation of aggressive masses with histologic features of mesenchymal tumors. Hif-1α and its downstream target connective tissue growth factor were necessary for the development of these tumors, which conversely still developed in the absence of Epas1, but at lower frequency. Human tumors of the soft tissue are a very complex and heterogeneous group of neoplasias. Our novel findings in genetically altered mice suggest that activation of the HIF signaling pathway could be an important pathogenetic event in the development and progression of at least a subset of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mangiavini
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana; Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Milano-Bicocca University, Milan, Italy
| | - Christophe Merceron
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana; INSERM, UMRS 791-LIOAD, Centre for Osteoarticular and Dental Tissue Engineering, Group STEP (Skeletal Tissue Engineering and Physiopathology), Nantes, France; Faculty of Dental Surgery, l'Universite Nantes Angers le Mans (LUNAM), Nantes, France
| | - Elisa Araldi
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richa Khatri
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rita Gerard-O'Riley
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Tremika L Wilson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana; Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - George Sandusky
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jerome Abadie
- Oniris Animal Cancers, Models for Comparative Oncology Research (AMaROC), l'Universite Nantes Angers le Mans (LUNAM), Nantes, France
| | - Karen M Lyons
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Amato J Giaccia
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Clinical Sciences Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
| | - Ernestina Schipani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana; Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Schipani E, Mangiavini L, Merceron C. HIF-1α and growth plate development: what we really know. BONEKEY REPORTS 2015; 4:730. [PMID: 26331009 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2015.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation to low oxygen tension or hypoxia is a critical event in development and tissue homeostasis. Studies by us and others have shown that the fetal growth plate is an avascular tissue with a gradient of oxygenation, and the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is essential for its development. In this brief review, we will summarize our current understanding of the role of HIF-1α in fetal growth plate development, and we will discuss yet unanswered questions in the field of hypoxia and endochondral bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernestina Schipani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Medical School, A. Alfred Taubman Biomedical Science Research Bldg , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Laura Mangiavini
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Medical School, A. Alfred Taubman Biomedical Science Research Bldg , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christophe Merceron
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Medical School, A. Alfred Taubman Biomedical Science Research Bldg , Ann Arbor, MI, USA ; Inserm, UMRS 791-LIOAD, Centre for Osteoarticular and Dental Tissue Engineering, Group STEP 'Skeletal Tissue Engineering and Physiopathology' , Nantes, France ; LUNAM, Nantes University, Faculty of Dental Surgery , Nantes, France
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26
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Johnson RW, Schipani E, Giaccia AJ. HIF targets in bone remodeling and metastatic disease. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 150:169-77. [PMID: 25681658 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow is a hypoxic microenvironment that is rich in growth factors and blood vessels and is readily colonized by tumor cells disseminated from numerous cancers including tumors of the breast, prostate, lung, and skin. The origin of metastatic growth promoting factors for tumor cells disseminated to the bone marrow is derived from multiple sources: the bone matrix, which is a reservoir for growth factors, and cells residing in the marrow and along bone surfaces, such as osteoblasts, osteoclasts, macrophages, and T cells, which secrete cytokines and chemokines. Low oxygen levels within the bone marrow induce hypoxia signaling pathways such as hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), which is regulated by oxygen requiring prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) and von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor. These hypoxia signaling pathways have profound effects on bone development and homeostasis. Likewise, hypoxic conditions observed in local breast and prostate tumors point to a role for hypoxia-inducible genes in metastasis to and colonization of the bone marrow. This review will explore the role of hypoxia-regulated factors in bone development and remodeling, and how these elements may contribute to solid tumor metastasis to the bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle W Johnson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ernestina Schipani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Amato J Giaccia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
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