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Nigg JC, Castelló-Sanjuán M, Blanc H, Frangeul L, Mongelli V, Godron X, Bardin AJ, Saleh MC. Viral infection disrupts intestinal homeostasis via Sting-dependent NF-κB signaling in Drosophila. Curr Biol 2024; 34:2785-2800.e7. [PMID: 38823381 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Host-microbe interactions influence intestinal stem cell (ISC) activity to modulate epithelial turnover and composition. Here, we investigated the functional impacts of viral infection on intestinal homeostasis and the mechanisms by which viral infection alters ISC activity. We report that Drosophila A virus (DAV) infection disrupts intestinal homeostasis in Drosophila by inducing sustained ISC proliferation, resulting in intestinal dysplasia, loss of gut barrier function, and reduced lifespan. We found that additional viruses common in laboratory-reared Drosophila also promote ISC proliferation. The mechanism of DAV-induced ISC proliferation involves progenitor-autonomous epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity in enterocytes, and requires Sting-dependent nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) (Relish) activity. We further demonstrate that activating Sting-Relish signaling is sufficient to induce ISC proliferation, promote intestinal dysplasia, and reduce lifespan in the absence of infection. Our results reveal that viral infection can significantly disrupt intestinal physiology, highlight a novel role for Sting-Relish signaling, and support a role for viral infection in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared C Nigg
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mauro Castelló-Sanjuán
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Hervé Blanc
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Lionel Frangeul
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Vanesa Mongelli
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Godron
- DNA Script SAS, 67 Avenue de Fontainebleau, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Allison J Bardin
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Genetics and Developmental Biology, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Maria-Carla Saleh
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, 75015 Paris, France.
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Malinauskas T, Moore G, Rudolf AF, Eggington H, Belnoue-Davis HL, El Omari K, Griffiths SC, Woolley RE, Duman R, Wagner A, Leedham SJ, Baldock C, Ashe HL, Siebold C. Molecular mechanism of BMP signal control by Twisted gastrulation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4976. [PMID: 38862520 PMCID: PMC11167000 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49065-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Twisted gastrulation (TWSG1) is an evolutionarily conserved secreted glycoprotein which controls signaling by Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs). TWSG1 binds BMPs and their antagonist Chordin to control BMP signaling during embryonic development, kidney regeneration and cancer. We report crystal structures of TWSG1 alone and in complex with a BMP ligand, Growth Differentiation Factor 5. TWSG1 is composed of two distinct, disulfide-rich domains. The TWSG1 N-terminal domain occupies the BMP type 1 receptor binding site on BMPs, whereas the C-terminal domain binds to a Chordin family member. We show that TWSG1 inhibits BMP function in cellular signaling assays and mouse colon organoids. This inhibitory function is abolished in a TWSG1 mutant that cannot bind BMPs. The same mutation in the Drosophila TWSG1 ortholog Tsg fails to mediate BMP gradient formation required for dorsal-ventral axis patterning of the early embryo. Our studies reveal the evolutionarily conserved mechanism of BMP signaling inhibition by TWSG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Malinauskas
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
| | - Gareth Moore
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Amalie F Rudolf
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Holly Eggington
- Intestinal Stem Cell Biology Lab, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Hayley L Belnoue-Davis
- Intestinal Stem Cell Biology Lab, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Kamel El Omari
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Samuel C Griffiths
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Evotec (UK) Ltd., 90 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, OX14 4RZ, UK
| | - Rachel E Woolley
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Etcembly Ltd., Atlas Building, Harwell Campus, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Ramona Duman
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Armin Wagner
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Simon J Leedham
- Intestinal Stem Cell Biology Lab, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Clair Baldock
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Hilary L Ashe
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Christian Siebold
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
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Pandey A, Roy JK. Rab11 maintains the undifferentiated state of adult midgut precursors via DPP pathway. Exp Cell Res 2024; 439:114092. [PMID: 38754617 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Asymmetric stem cell divisions play instrumental roles in the maintenance, growth and differentiation of organs. Failure of asymmetric stem cell divisions may result in an array of developmental disorders, including cancer. It is well established that the gene, inscuteable, acts as the upstream component of asymmetric cell divisions. In Drosophila larval midgut, a founder adult midgut precursor (AMP) experiences an asymmetric division to instruct its first daughter to become a peripheral cell that serves as a niche where the AMP and its future daughters can remain undifferentiated. The present study demonstrates that inscuteable expressing stem cells require Rab11, a conserved small Ras-like GTPase, for proper proliferation and differentiation. As insc-GAL4 mediated Rab11RNAi in Drosophila larval and adult midguts show the disruption of the niche microenvironment of adult midgut precursors as well as elevated DPP signalling at the larval stage, which is associated with aberrant over-proliferation and early differentiation of larval AMPs and adult intestinal stem cells. The observed connections between Rab11, larval AMP proliferation, niche establishment, and DPP signalling highlight the potential for Rab11 to serve as a key regulatory factor in maintaining tissue homeostasis and balanced cellular growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Pandey
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Jagat Kumar Roy
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Abstract
In adult insects, as in vertebrates, the gut epithelium is a highly regenerative tissue that can renew itself rapidly in response to changing inputs from nutrition, the gut microbiota, ingested toxins, and signals from other organs. Because of its cellular and genetic similarities to the mammalian intestine, and its relevance as a target for the control of insect pests and disease vectors, many researchers have used insect intestines to address fundamental questions about stem cell functions during tissue maintenance and regeneration. In Drosophila, where most of the experimental work has been performed, not only are intestinal cell types and behaviors well characterized, but numerous cell signaling interactions have been detailed that mediate gut epithelial regeneration. A prevailing model for regenerative responses in the insect gut invokes stress sensing by damaged enterocytes (ECs) as a principal source for signaling that activates the division of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and the growth and differentiation of their progeny. However, extant data also reveal alternative mechanisms for regeneration that involve ISC-intrinsic functions, active culling of healthy epithelial cells, enhanced EC growth, and even cytoplasmic shedding by infected ECs. This article reviews current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in gut regeneration in several insect models (Drosophila and Aedes of the order Diptera, and several Lepidoptera).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Bruce A Edgar
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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Gut-specific arylphorin mediates midgut regenerative response against Cry-induced damage in Achaea janata. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 255:110600. [PMID: 33848588 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Development of insect resistance to biopesticides is a current and pertinent global issue. Earlier, it was established that lepidopteran larvae can recover from Bt intoxication via a midgut regenerative response and subsequently generate resistance. Molecular aspects of restoration of the midgut integrity following toxin exposure are emerging recently. In the present study, we bring out the pivotal role of gut arylphorin in mediating the midgut regenerative response following sublethal Bt exposure in Achaea janata. Bt-induced midgut damage was characterized by microscopic analysis using differential interference contrast (DIC) and immunofluorescence (IF). Extensive disruption of brush-border membrane, associated with the underlying cytoskeletal alterations including F-actin, α-actin and β-tubulin was observed. Single-photon fluorescence microscopy combined with fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) established the metabolic state associated with enhanced stem cell proliferation and migration from the basal side towards the luminal side following the damage. In-silico analysis revealed the phylogenetic relationship of gut arylphorin with closely related insect species and indicated the presence of two different subunits. Transient RNAi knockdown of the arylphorin resulted in diminished expression of mitotic Cyclin B mRNA levels. Human monoclonal Cyclin B antibody cross-reactivity with the Cyclin B located in the stem cells further validate the role of arylphorin as the mitogenic factor responsible for stem cell proliferation and epithelial regeneration. An in-depth understanding of resistance mechanisms will aid in the design of new strategies for the long-term usage and efficacy of Bt technology against pest control.
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Mehrotra S, Bansal P, Oli N, Pillai SJ, Galande S. Defective Proventriculus Regulates Cell Specification in the Gastric Region of Drosophila Intestine. Front Physiol 2020; 11:711. [PMID: 32760283 PMCID: PMC7372014 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract in metazoans consists of diverse epithelial cells with distinct cell morphology and physiological functions. The development and homeostasis of gastrointestinal epithelia involve spatiotemporal regulation by many signaling pathways, essential to confer their region-specific function and identity. The adult Drosophila midgut and the mammalian intestine share a high degree of conservation between such signaling pathways. Due to availability of sophisticated techniques for genetic manipulation, Drosophila is an excellent model to study mechanisms of tissue homeostasis regulation in a regionally defined manner. The gastric region located in the Drosophila middle-midgut coincides with the region containing fewest number of stem cells. It is also known as the copper cell (CC) region since it is composed of specialized groups of acid-secreting CCs, along with interstitial cells and enteroendocrine cells. The generation and maintenance of these cell populations are determined by the bone morphogenic protein-like Decapentaplegic (Dpp) signaling pathway. The morphogenic gradient of the Dpp signaling activity induces differential expression of specific transcription factors labial (lab) and defective proventriculus (dve), which are required for the generation of various cell types specific to this region. In this study, we investigated the role of Dve in regulation of tissue homeostasis in the CC region. Our studies reveal that ectopic expression of dve in stem cells suppresses their self-renewal throughout the intestine. We further demonstrate that Dve is not required for generation of CCs. Higher levels of Dve can alter cell specification by inhibition of cut expression, which in turn prevents CC formation during homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Mehrotra
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, India
| | - Priyanka Bansal
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, India
| | - Neha Oli
- Department of Biology, Centre of Excellence in Epigenetics, Indian Institute of Science and Education and Research, Pune, India
| | | | - Sanjeev Galande
- Department of Biology, Centre of Excellence in Epigenetics, Indian Institute of Science and Education and Research, Pune, India
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Caccia S, Casartelli M, Tettamanti G. The amazing complexity of insect midgut cells: types, peculiarities, and functions. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 377:505-525. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03076-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Liu Q, Jin LH. Tissue-resident stem cell activity: a view from the adult Drosophila gastrointestinal tract. Cell Commun Signal 2017; 15:33. [PMID: 28923062 PMCID: PMC5604405 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-017-0184-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract serves as a fast-renewing model for unraveling the multifaceted molecular mechanisms underlying remarkably rapid cell renewal, which is exclusively fueled by a small number of long-lived stem cells and their progeny. Stem cell activity is the best-characterized aspect of mucosal homeostasis in mitotically active tissues, and the dysregulation of regenerative capacity is a hallmark of epithelial immune defects. This dysregulation is frequently associated with pathologies ranging from chronic enteritis to malignancies in humans. Application of the adult Drosophila gastrointestinal tract model in current and future studies to analyze the immuno-physiological aspects of epithelial defense strategies, including stem cell behavior and re-epithelialization, will be necessary to improve our general understanding of stem cell participation in epithelial turnover. In this review, which describes exciting observations obtained from the adult Drosophila gastrointestinal tract, we summarize a remarkable series of recent findings in the literature to decipher the molecular mechanisms through which stem cells respond to nonsterile environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, No.26 Hexing Road Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Li Hua Jin
- Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, No.26 Hexing Road Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Galeone A, Han SY, Huang C, Hosomi A, Suzuki T, Jafar-Nejad H. Tissue-specific regulation of BMP signaling by Drosophila N-glycanase 1. eLife 2017; 6:27612. [PMID: 28826503 PMCID: PMC5599231 DOI: 10.7554/elife.27612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the human N-glycanase 1 (NGLY1) cause a rare, multisystem congenital disorder with global developmental delay. However, the mechanisms by which NGLY1 and its homologs regulate embryonic development are not known. Here we show that Drosophila Pngl encodes an N-glycanase and exhibits a high degree of functional conservation with human NGLY1. Loss of Pngl results in developmental midgut defects reminiscent of midgut-specific loss of BMP signaling. Pngl mutant larvae also exhibit a severe midgut clearance defect, which cannot be fully explained by impaired BMP signaling. Genetic experiments indicate that Pngl is primarily required in the mesoderm during Drosophila development. Loss of Pngl results in a severe decrease in the level of Dpp homodimers and abolishes BMP autoregulation in the visceral mesoderm mediated by Dpp and Tkv homodimers. Thus, our studies uncover a novel mechanism for the tissue-specific regulation of an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway by an N-glycanase enzyme. DNA carries the information needed to build and maintain an organism, and units of DNA known as genes contain coded instructions to build other molecules, including enzymes. Sometimes, genes can become faulty and develop mutations that can affect how an embryo develops and lead to diseases. For example, people with mutations in the gene that encodes an enzyme called N-glycanase 1 experience many problems with their nervous system, gut and other organs. Normally, N-glycanase 1 helps the body remove specific sugar molecules from some proteins in the cells, and is also thought to be important during embryonic development. As an embryo develops, its cells undergo a series of transformations, which is regulated by different molecules and signaling pathways. For example, a pathway known as BMP signaling plays an important role in many tissues. Problems with this pathway can lead to many diseases throughout the body, including the gut, where it helps cells to develop. Previous research has shown that fruit flies lacking the gene that codes for an equivalent N-glycanase enzyme (which is called Pngl in flies) cannot develop properly into adults. However, until now it was not known what type of cells need the N-glycanase enzyme in any organism, or if NGLY1 is essential for important signaling pathways like BMP signaling. Now, Galeone et al. have used genetically modified flies to test how losing Pngl affected their development. The results first showed that engineering Pngl-deficient fruit flies to produce the human enzyme eliminated their problems; these flies developed and survived like normal flies. This confirmed that that the human and fly enzymes can perform equivalent roles. Galeone et al. then discovered that Pngl plays two distinct roles in a group of cells that surround the fruit fly’s gut tissue and give rise to the cells that eventually form the muscle layer in the gut. In the larvae, Pngl was required to empty the gut, which is a necessary step before the larvae can develop into an adult. Moreover, Pngl is needed for BMP signaling in the gut, and when flies had the enzyme removed, some parts of their gut could not from properly. This study will provide a framework to improve our understanding of how BMP signaling is regulated in humans. A next step will be to test if some of the symptoms experienced by patients without a working copy of the gene for N-glycanase 1 are caused by a faulty BMP-signaling system in specific tissues. If this is the case, it could provide new opportunities to treat some of these symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Galeone
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Seung Yeop Han
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Chengcheng Huang
- Glycometabolome Team, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akira Hosomi
- Glycometabolome Team, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tadashi Suzuki
- Glycometabolome Team, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hamed Jafar-Nejad
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
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Liu Q, Jin LH. Organ-to-Organ Communication: A Drosophila Gastrointestinal Tract Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:29. [PMID: 28421183 PMCID: PMC5376570 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-term maintenance of an organism's homeostasis and health relies on the accurate regulation of organ-organ communication. Recently, there has been growing interest in using the Drosophila gastrointestinal tract to elucidate the regulatory programs that underlie the complex interactions between organs. Data obtained in this field have dramatically improved our understanding of how organ-organ communication contributes to the regulation of various aspects of the intestine, including its metabolic and physiological status. However, although research uncovering regulatory programs associated with interorgan communication has provided key insights, the underlying mechanisms have not been extensively explored. In this review, we highlight recent findings describing gut-neighbor and neighbor-neighbor communication models in adults and larvae, respectively, with a special focus on how a range of critical strategies concerning continuous interorgan communication and adjustment can be used to manipulate different aspects of biological processes. Given the high degree of similarity between the Drosophila and mammalian intestinal epithelia, it can be anticipated that further analyses of the Drosophila gastrointestinal tract will facilitate the discovery of similar mechanisms underlying organ-organ communication in other mammalian organs, such as the human intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Li Hua Jin
- Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin, China
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