1
|
Yin Z, Klionsky DJ. Pink1 balances reticulophagy and mitophagy by regulating distinct E3 ubiquitin ligases. Autophagy 2024; 20:983-984. [PMID: 38456640 PMCID: PMC11135839 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2323294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The selective clearance of unwanted, damaged or dangerous components by macroautophagy/autophagy is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis in organisms from yeast to humans. In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding how phagophores selectively sequester specific cargo. Nevertheless, a fundamental question remains: Can distinct selective autophagy programs simultaneously operate within the same cell? A recent study from the Baehrecke lab has unveiled a developmentally programmed Pink1-dependent reticulophagy process in the Drosophila intestine. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that autophagy differentially clears mitochondria and ER in the same cell under the regulation of Pink1 through different E3 ubiquitin ligases, highlighting the need for further exploration in understanding the complexity of autophagic substrate selection and crosstalk between diverse autophagy programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhangyuan Yin
- Life Sciences Institute, and the Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Program in Infectious Disease and Microbiome, Cambridge, MAUSA
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute, and the Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cheramangalam RN, Anand T, Pandey P, Balasubramanian D, Varghese R, Singhal N, Jaiswal SN, Jaiswal M. Bendless is essential for PINK1-Park mediated Mitofusin degradation under mitochondrial stress caused by loss of LRPPRC. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010493. [PMID: 37098042 PMCID: PMC10162545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells under mitochondrial stress often co-opt mechanisms to maintain energy homeostasis, mitochondrial quality control and cell survival. A mechanistic understanding of such responses is crucial for further insight into mitochondrial biology and diseases. Through an unbiased genetic screen in Drosophila, we identify that mutations in lrpprc2, a homolog of the human LRPPRC gene that is linked to the French-Canadian Leigh syndrome, result in PINK1-Park activation. While the PINK1-Park pathway is well known to induce mitophagy, we show that PINK1-Park regulates mitochondrial dynamics by inducing the degradation of the mitochondrial fusion protein Mitofusin/Marf in lrpprc2 mutants. In our genetic screen, we also discover that Bendless, a K63-linked E2 conjugase, is a regulator of Marf, as loss of bendless results in increased Marf levels. We show that Bendless is required for PINK1 stability, and subsequently for PINK1-Park mediated Marf degradation under physiological conditions, and in response to mitochondrial stress as seen in lrpprc2. Additionally, we show that loss of bendless in lrpprc2 mutant eyes results in photoreceptor degeneration, indicating a neuroprotective role for Bendless-PINK1-Park mediated Marf degradation. Based on our observations, we propose that certain forms of mitochondrial stress activate Bendless-PINK1-Park to limit mitochondrial fusion, which is a cell-protective response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tarana Anand
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Priyanka Pandey
- CSIR–Centre For Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Reshmi Varghese
- CSIR–Centre For Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Neha Singhal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Manish Jaiswal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Palozzi JM, Jeedigunta SP, Minenkova AV, Monteiro VL, Thompson ZS, Lieber T, Hurd TR. Mitochondrial DNA quality control in the female germline requires a unique programmed mitophagy. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1809-1823.e6. [PMID: 36323236 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have their own DNA (mtDNA), which is susceptible to the accumulation of disease-causing mutations. To prevent deleterious mutations from being inherited, the female germline has evolved a conserved quality control mechanism that remains poorly understood. Here, through a large-scale screen, we uncover a unique programmed germline mitophagy (PGM) that is essential for mtDNA quality control. We find that PGM is developmentally triggered as germ cells enter meiosis by inhibition of the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1). We identify a role for the RNA-binding protein Ataxin-2 (Atx2) in coordinating the timing of PGM with meiosis. We show that PGM requires the mitophagy receptor BNIP3, mitochondrial fission and translation factors, and members of the Atg1 complex, but not the mitophagy factors PINK1 and Parkin. Additionally, we report several factors that are critical for germline mtDNA quality control and show that pharmacological manipulation of one of these factors promotes mtDNA quality control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Palozzi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Swathi P Jeedigunta
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Anastasia V Minenkova
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Vernon L Monteiro
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Zoe S Thompson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Toby Lieber
- HHMI and Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas R Hurd
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shen JL, Fortier TM, Wang R, Baehrecke EH. Vps13D functions in a Pink1-dependent and Parkin-independent mitophagy pathway. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212607. [PMID: 34459871 PMCID: PMC8406608 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202104073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in autophagy cause problems in metabolism, development, and disease. The autophagic clearance of mitochondria, mitophagy, is impaired by the loss of Vps13D. Here, we discover that Vps13D regulates mitophagy in a pathway that depends on the core autophagy machinery by regulating Atg8a and ubiquitin localization. This process is Pink1 dependent, with loss of pink1 having similar autophagy and mitochondrial defects as loss of vps13d. The role of Pink1 has largely been studied in tandem with Park/Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is widely considered to be crucial in Pink1-dependent mitophagy. Surprisingly, we find that loss of park does not exhibit the same autophagy and mitochondrial deficiencies as vps13d and pink1 mutant cells and contributes to mitochondrial clearance through a pathway that is parallel to vps13d. These findings provide a Park-independent pathway for Pink1-regulated mitophagy and help to explain how Vps13D regulates autophagy and mitochondrial morphology and contributes to neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James L Shen
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Tina M Fortier
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Ruoxi Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Eric H Baehrecke
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lin J, Chen K, Chen W, Yao Y, Ni S, Ye M, Zhuang G, Hu M, Gao J, Gao C, Liu Y, Yang M, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Huang J, Chen F, Sun L, Zhang X, Yu S, Chen Y, Jiang Y, Wang S, Yang X, Liu K, Zhou HM, Ji Z, Deng H, Haque ME, Li J, Mi LZ, Li Y, Yang Y. Paradoxical Mitophagy Regulation by PINK1 and TUFm. Mol Cell 2020; 80:607-620.e12. [PMID: 33113344 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant mitophagy has been implicated in a broad spectrum of disorders. PINK1, Parkin, and ubiquitin have pivotal roles in priming mitophagy. However, the entire regulatory landscape and the precise control mechanisms of mitophagy remain to be elucidated. Here, we uncover fundamental mitophagy regulation involving PINK1 and a non-canonical role of the mitochondrial Tu translation elongation factor (TUFm). The mitochondrion-cytosol dual-localized TUFm interacts with PINK1 biochemically and genetically, which is an evolutionarily conserved Parkin-independent route toward mitophagy. A PINK1-dependent TUFm phosphoswitch at Ser222 determines conversion from activating to suppressing mitophagy. PINK1 modulates differential translocation of TUFm because p-S222-TUFm is restricted predominantly to the cytosol, where it inhibits mitophagy by impeding Atg5-Atg12 formation. The self-antagonizing feature of PINK1/TUFm is critical for the robustness of mitophagy regulation, achieved by the unique kinetic parameters of p-S222-TUFm, p-S65-ubiquitin, and their common kinase PINK1. Our findings provide new mechanistic insights into mitophagy and mitophagy-associated disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Lin
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Wenfeng Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yizhou Yao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Shiwei Ni
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Meina Ye
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Guifeng Zhuang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Minhuang Hu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Caixi Gao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Mingjuan Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Zhenkun Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Jiexiang Huang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Ling Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Suhong Yu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yuling Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yating Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shujuan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaozhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Ke Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Hai-Meng Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang Jiaxing 314006, China
| | - Zhiliang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - M Emdadul Haque
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, PO Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Junxiang Li
- AgeCode R&D Center, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang Jiaxing 314006, China
| | - Li-Zhi Mi
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuexi Li
- Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechniques, 293 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Yufeng Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang RM, Tao J, Zhan M, Yuan H, Wang HH, Chen SJ, Chen Z, de Thé H, Zhou J, Guo Y, Zhu J. TAMM41 is required for heart valve differentiation via regulation of PINK-PARK2 dependent mitophagy. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:2430-2446. [PMID: 30824836 PMCID: PMC6888875 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TAMM41, located within the congenital heart diseases (CHD) sensitive region of 3p25 deletion syndrome, is a mitochondrial membrane maintenance protein critical for yeast survival, but its function in higher vertebrates remains unknown. Via in vivo zebrafish model, we found that tamm41 is highly expressed in the developing heart and deficiency of which led to heart valve abnormalities. Molecular mechanistic studies revealed that TAMM41 interacts and modulates the PINK1-PARK2 dependent mitophagy pathway, thereby implicating TAMM41 in heart valve development during zebrafish embryonic cardiogenesis. Furthermore, through screening of the congenital heart diseases (CHD) sensitive region of 3p25 deletion syndrome among 118 sporadic atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) patients, we identified three cases carrying heterozygous pathogenic intronic variants of TAMM41. All three cases lacked normal full-length TAMM41 transcripts, most likely due to specific expression of the mutant allele. Collectively, our studies highlight essential roles for TAMM41-dependent mitophagy in development of the heart and provide novel insights into the etiology of AVSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Meng Yang
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jiong Tao
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, 650 Xin song jiang Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Ming Zhan
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hai Hong Wang
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Sai Juan Chen
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hugues de Thé
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Université de Paris 7/INSERM/CNRS UMR 944/7212, Equipe Labellisée No. 11 Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France
| | - Jun Zhou
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Jun Zhu
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Université de Paris 7/INSERM/CNRS UMR 944/7212, Equipe Labellisée No. 11 Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Han G, Liu K, Li L, Li X, Zhao P. The effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on neuropathic pain via mitophagy in microglia. Mol Pain 2018; 13:1744806917710862. [PMID: 28580811 PMCID: PMC5464519 DOI: 10.1177/1744806917710862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy has been suggested to palliate neuropathic pain, but the mechanisms involved are not well understood. This study explored the involvement of microglial mitophagy via HBO relative to neuropathic pain therapy. Materials and methods A total of 80 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: a normal group (n = 40) and a mitophagy inhibitor group (n = 40) in which the mitophagy inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA) was administrated prior to chronic constriction injury (CCI). Groups (n = 10 rats per group) consisted of the following: control (C), sham operation (S), sciatic nerve with chronic constriction injury (CCI), and a CCI plus HBO treatment (CCI + HBO). Pain-related behaviors were evaluated using mechanical withdraw tendency and thermal withdraw latency analysis. Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured, and Western blot was employed to assess expression of NIX and BNIP3. Immunofluorescence changes in neuron protein (NESTIN) and mitochondria inner or outer layer proteins (TIM23, TOM20) were examined. Results HBO significantly ameliorated pain-related behaviors, which were downregulated by mitophagy inhibitors (P < 0.05). Mitochondrial membrane potential indexes were decreased after HBO therapy, but were reversed in the mitophagy inhibitor group (P < 0.05). HBO upregulated NIX and BNIP3 expression, which did not occur in the CCI group (P < 0.05). However, expression was reduced when mitophagy inhibitors were administered. Immunofluorescence examination showed that mitophagy in microglia was induced by CCI, which was upregulated after HBO treatment. This phenomenon was not observed in the mitophagy inhibitor group. Conclusions HBO therapy palliated CCI-induced neuropathic pain in rats by upregulating microglial mitophagy. These results could serve as guidelines to improve neuropathic pain therapy using HBO to maximize therapeutic efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University
| | - Xingyue Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu SM, Li XZ, Zhang SN, Yang ZM, Wang KX, Lu F, Wang CZ, Yuan CS. Acanthopanax senticosus Protects Structure and Function of Mesencephalic Mitochondria in A Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Chin J Integr Med 2018; 24:835-843. [PMID: 30090975 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-018-2935-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the neuro-protective effects of Acanthopanax senticosus Harms (EAS) on mesencephalic mitochondria and the mechanism of action, using a mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS The chemical fingerprint analysis of the extract of Acanthopanax senticosus Harms (EAS) was performed using the ultra performance liquid chromatograph and time of flight mass spectrometry. Thirty mice were randomly divided into the control group, the MPTP model group, and the EAS treated group with MPTP (MPTP+EAS group, 10 in each group). The MPTP model group and the MPTP+EAS group received MPTP-HCl (30 mg/kg i.p) once a day for 5 days. The control group received an equal volume of saline (20 mL/kg i.p) once a day for 5 days. Induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride daily (MPTP-HCl, 30 mg/kg) for 5 days, the PD mice were treated with EAS at 45.5 mg/kg daily for 20 days. The behavioral testing of mice was carried out using the pole-climbing test. The integrity and functions of neurons were examined in mesencephalic mitochondria in a PD mouse model, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase ubiquinone flavoprotein 2 (NDUFV2), mitochondrially encoded nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase 1 (MT-ND1), succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit A (SDHA), and succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit (SDHC). RESULTS After treatment with EAS, the behavioral changes induced by MPTP were attenuated significantly (P<0.05). EAS protected the mesencephalic mitochondria from swelling and attenuated the decreases in their membrane potential (both P<0.05), which was supported by an ultra-structural level analysis. The changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS), malonic dialdehyde (MDA), oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system 4 subunits levels and PD-related proteins expressions (parkin, Pink1, DJ-1, α-synuclein, and Lrrk2) reverted to near normal levels (all P<0.05), based on the results of immune-histological and Western blotting observations. CONCLUSIONS The neuro-protective effects of EAS are linked to protecting mice against MPTP-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and structural damage. Therefore, EAS is a promising candidate for the prevention or treatment of mitochondrial neurodegenerative disorders, such as PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Min Liu
- Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xu-Zhao Li
- Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Shuai-Nan Zhang
- Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Yang
- Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ke-Xin Wang
- Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Fang Lu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bingol B. Autophagy and lysosomal pathways in nervous system disorders. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 91:167-208. [PMID: 29729319 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved pathway for delivering cytoplasmic cargo to lysosomes for degradation. In its classically studied form, autophagy is a stress response induced by starvation to recycle building blocks for essential cellular processes. In addition, autophagy maintains basal cellular homeostasis by degrading endogenous substrates such as cytoplasmic proteins, protein aggregates, damaged organelles, as well as exogenous substrates such as bacteria and viruses. Given their important role in homeostasis, autophagy and lysosomal machinery are genetically linked to multiple human disorders such as chronic inflammatory diseases, cardiomyopathies, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Multiple targets within the autophagy and lysosomal pathways offer therapeutic opportunities to benefit patients with these disorders. Here, I will summarize the mechanisms of autophagy pathways, the evidence supporting a pathogenic role for disturbed autophagy and lysosomal degradation in nervous system disorders, and the therapeutic potential of autophagy modulators in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baris Bingol
- Genentech, Inc., Department of Neuroscience, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco 94080, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Prokaryotic type II adaptive immune systems have been developed into the versatile CRISPR technology, which has been widely applied in site-specific genome editing and has revolutionized biomedical research due to its superior efficiency and flexibility. Recent studies have greatly diversified CRISPR technologies by coupling it with various DNA repair mechanisms and targeting strategies. These new advances have significantly expanded the generation of genetically modified animal models, either by including species in which targeted genetic modification could not be achieved previously, or through introducing complex genetic modifications that take multiple steps and cost years to achieve using traditional methods. Herein, we review the recent developments and applications of CRISPR-based technology in generating various animal models, and discuss the everlasting impact of this new progress on biomedical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Ma
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine in Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Avery Sum-Yu Wong
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine in Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Hei-Yin Tam
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine in Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Samuel Yung-Kin Tsui
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine in Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Dittman Lai-Shun Chung
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine in Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Bo Feng
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine in Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Guangdong 510530, China.,SBS Core Laboratory, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen Guangdong 518057, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Takahashi H, Suzuki Y, Mohamed JS, Gotoh T, Pereira SL, Alway SE. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate increases autophagy signaling in resting and unloaded plantaris muscles but selectively suppresses autophagy protein abundance in reloaded muscles of aged rats. Exp Gerontol 2017; 92:56-66. [PMID: 28286171 PMCID: PMC5501279 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We have previously found that Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCg), an abundant catechin in green tea, reduced apoptotic signaling and improved muscle recovery in response to reloading after hindlimb suspension (HS). In this study, we investigated if EGCg altered autophagy signaling in skeletal muscle of old rats in response to HS or reloading after HS. Fischer 344×Brown Norway inbred rats (age 34months) were given 1ml/day of purified EGCg (50mg/kg body weight), or the same sample volume of the vehicle by gavage. One group of animals received HS for 14days and the second group of rats received 14days of HS, then the HS was removed and they were allowed to recover by ambulating normally around the cage for two weeks. EGCg decreased a small number of autophagy genes in control muscles, but it increased the expression of other autophagy genes (e.g., ATG16L2, SNCA, TM9SF1, Pink1, PIM-2) and HS did not attenuate these increases. HS increased Beclin1, ATG7 and LC3-II/I protein abundance in hindlimb muscles. Relative to vehicle treatment, EGCg treatment had greater ATG12 protein abundance (35.8%, P<0.05), but decreased Beclin1 protein levels (-101.1%, P<0.05) after HS. However, in reloaded muscles, EGCg suppressed Beclin1 and LC3-II/I protein abundance as compared to vehicle treated muscles. EGCg appeared to "prime" autophagy signaling before and enhance autophagy gene expression and protein levels during unloading in muscles of aged rats, perhaps to improve the clearance of damaged organelles. However, EGCg suppressed autophagy signaling after reloading, potentially to increase the recovery of hindlimb muscles mass and function after loading is restored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Takahashi
- Divison of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States; Kuju Agricultural Research Center, Graduate School of Agriculture Science, Kyushu University, Naoiri-gun Kuju-cho 4045-4, 878-0201, Oita, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Divison of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States; Research Faculty of Agriculture, Laboratory of Animal Function and Nutrition, Hokkaido University, Kita-9 Nishi-9, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junaith S Mohamed
- Divison of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Takafumi Gotoh
- Kuju Agricultural Research Center, Graduate School of Agriculture Science, Kyushu University, Naoiri-gun Kuju-cho 4045-4, 878-0201, Oita, Japan
| | - Suzette L Pereira
- Discovery Technology, Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, OH 43219, United States
| | - Stephen E Alway
- Divison of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cui J, Chew SJL, Shi Y, Gong Z, Shen HM. CRISPR system for genome engineering: the application for autophagy study. BMB Rep 2017; 50:247-256. [PMID: 28288698 PMCID: PMC5458674 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2017.50.5.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 is the latest tool introduced in the field of genome engineering and is so far the best genome-editing tool as compared to its precedents such as, meganucleases, zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effectors (TALENs). The simple design and assembly of the CRISPR/Cas9 system makes genome editing easy to perform as it uses small guide RNAs that correspond to their DNA targets for high efficiency editing. This has helped open the doors for multiplexible genome targeting in many species that were intractable using old genetic perturbation techniques. Currently, The CRISPR system is revolutionizing the way biological researches are conducted and paves a bright future not only in research but also in medicine and biotechnology. In this review, we evaluated the history, types and structure, the mechanism of action of CRISPR/Cas System. In particular, we focused on the application of this powerful tool in autophagy research. [BMB Reports 2017; 50(5): 247-256].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhou Cui
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of
Singapore
| | - Shirley Jia Li Chew
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of
Singapore
| | - Yin Shi
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of
Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of
Singapore
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of
Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore,
Singapore
| |
Collapse
|