1
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Zhang H, Liu D, Xu QF, Wei J, Zhao Y, Xu DF, Wang Y, Liu YJ, Zhu XY, Jiang L. Endothelial RSPO3 mediates pulmonary endothelial regeneration by LGR4-dependent activation of β-catenin and ILK signaling pathways after inflammatory vascular injury. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131805. [PMID: 38677673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial repair is essential for restoring tissue fluid homeostasis following lung injury. R-spondin3 (RSPO3), a secreted protein mainly produced by endothelial cells (ECs), has shown its protective effect on endothelium. However, the specific mechanisms remain unknown. To explore whether and how RSPO3 regulates endothelial regeneration after inflammatory vascular injury, the role of RSPO3 in sepsis-induced pulmonary endothelial injury was investigated in EC-specific RSPO3 knockdown, inducible EC-specific RSPO3 deletion mice, EC-specific RSPO3 overexpression mice, systemic RSPO3-administration mice, in isolated mouse lung vascular endothelial cells (MLVECs), and in plasma from septic patients. Here we show that plasma RSPO3 levels are decreased in septic patients and correlated with endothelial injury markers and PaO2/FiO2 index. Both pulmonary EC-specific knockdown of RSPO3 and inducible EC-specific RSPO3 deletion inhibit pulmonary ECs proliferation and exacerbate ECs injury, whereas intra-pulmonary EC-specific RSPO3 overexpression promotes endothelial recovery and attenuates ECs injury during endotoxemia. We show that RSPO3 mediates pulmonary endothelial regeneration by a LGR4-dependent manner. Except for β-catenin, integrin-linked kinase (ILK)/Akt is also identified as a novel downstream effector of RSPO3/LGR4 signaling. These results conclude that EC-derived RSPO3 mediates pulmonary endothelial regeneration by LGR4-dependent activation of β-catenin and ILK signaling pathways after inflammatory vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Qing-Feng Xu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Juan Wei
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, 310022, PR China
| | - Dun-Feng Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yu-Jian Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
| | - Lai Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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2
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Hernandez BJ, Cain MP, Lynch AM, Flores JR, Tuvim MJ, Dickey BF, Chen J. Intermediary Role of Lung Alveolar Type 1 Cells in Epithelial Repair upon Sendai Virus Infection. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:389-401. [PMID: 35679221 PMCID: PMC9447132 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0421oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung epithelium forms the first barrier against respiratory pathogens and noxious chemicals; however, little is known about how more than 90% of this barrier, made of AT1 (alveolar type 1) cells, responds to injury. Using the Sendai virus to model natural infection in mice, we find evidence that AT1 cells have an intermediary role by persisting in areas depleted of AT2 cells, upregulating IFN responsive genes, and receding from invading airway cells. Sendai virus infection mobilizes airway cells to form alveolar SOX2+ (Sry-box 2+) clusters without differentiating into AT1 or AT2 cells. Large AT2 cell-depleted areas remain covered by AT1 cells, which we name "AT2-less regions", and are replaced by SOX2+ clusters spreading both basally and luminally. AT2 cell proliferation and differentiation are largely confined to topologically distal regions and form de novo alveolar surface, with limited contribution to in situ repairs of AT2-less regions. Time-course single-cell RNA sequencing profiling and RNAscope validation suggest enhanced immune responses and altered growth signals in AT1 cells. Our comprehensive spatiotemporal and genomewide study highlights the hitherto unappreciated role of AT1 cells in lung injury-repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda J. Hernandez
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas and
| | - Margo P. Cain
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas and
| | - Anne M. Lynch
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas and,Graduate Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jose R. Flores
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas and
| | - Michael J. Tuvim
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas and
| | - Burton F. Dickey
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas and
| | - Jichao Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas and
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3
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Promises and Challenges of Cell-Based Therapies to Promote Lung Regeneration in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162595. [PMID: 36010671 PMCID: PMC9406501 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung epithelium is constantly exposed to harmful agents present in the air that we breathe making it highly susceptible to damage. However, in instances of injury to the lung, it exhibits a remarkable capacity to regenerate injured tissue thanks to the presence of distinct stem and progenitor cell populations along the airway and alveolar epithelium. Mechanisms of repair are affected in chronic lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a progressive life-threatening disorder characterized by the loss of alveolar structures, wherein excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components cause the distortion of tissue architecture that limits lung function and impairs tissue repair. Here, we review the most recent findings of a study of epithelial cells with progenitor behavior that contribute to tissue repair as well as the mechanisms involved in mouse and human lung regeneration. In addition, we describe therapeutic strategies to promote or induce lung regeneration and the cell-based strategies tested in clinical trials for the treatment of IPF. Finally, we discuss the challenges, concerns and limitations of applying these therapies of cell transplantation in IPF patients. Further research is still required to develop successful strategies focused on cell-based therapies to promote lung regeneration to restore lung architecture and function.
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4
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Wu M, Zhang X, Lin Y, Zeng Y. Roles of airway basal stem cells in lung homeostasis and regenerative medicine. Respir Res 2022; 23:122. [PMID: 35562719 PMCID: PMC9102684 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02042-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway basal stem cells (BSCs) in the proximal airways are recognized as resident stem cells capable of self-renewing and differentiating to virtually every pseudostratified epithelium cell type under steady-state and after acute injury. In homeostasis, BSCs typically maintain a quiescent state. However, when exposed to acute injuries by either physical insults, chemical damage, or pathogen infection, the remaining BSCs increase their proliferation rate apace within the first 24 h and differentiate to restore lung homeostasis. Given the progenitor property of airway BSCs, it is attractive to research their biological characteristics and how they maintain homeostatic airway structure and respond to injury. In this review, we focus on the roles of BSCs in lung homeostasis and regeneration, detail the research progress in the characteristics of airway BSCs, the cellular and molecular signaling communications involved in BSCs-related airway repair and regeneration, and further discuss the in vitro models for airway BSC propagation and their applications in lung regenerative medicine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Stem Cell Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Stem Cell Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijian Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Stem Cell Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China. .,Stem Cell Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China. .,Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Raslan AA, Oh YJ, Jin YR, Yoon JK. R-Spondin2, a Positive Canonical WNT Signaling Regulator, Controls the Expansion and Differentiation of Distal Lung Epithelial Stem/Progenitor Cells in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063089. [PMID: 35328508 PMCID: PMC8954098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The lungs have a remarkable ability to regenerate damaged tissues caused by acute injury. Many lung diseases, especially chronic lung diseases, are associated with a reduced or disrupted regeneration potential of the lungs. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms of the regenerative capacity of the lungs offers the potential to identify novel therapeutic targets for these diseases. R-spondin2, a co-activator of WNT/β-catenin signaling, plays an important role in embryonic murine lung development. However, the role of Rspo2 in adult lung homeostasis and regeneration remains unknown. The aim of this study is to determine Rspo2 function in distal lung stem/progenitor cells and adult lung regeneration. In this study, we found that robust Rspo2 expression was detected in different epithelial cells, including airway club cells and alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells in the adult lungs. However, Rspo2 expression significantly decreased during the first week after naphthalene-induced airway injury and was restored by day 14 post-injury. In ex vivo 3D organoid culture, recombinant RSPO2 promoted the colony formation and differentiation of both club and AT2 cells through the activation of canonical WNT signaling. In contrast, Rspo2 ablation in club and AT2 cells significantly disrupted their expansion capacity in the ex vivo 3D organoid culture. Furthermore, mice lacking Rspo2 showed significant defects in airway regeneration after naphthalene-induced injury. Our results strongly suggest that RSPO2 plays a key role in the adult lung epithelial stem/progenitor cells during homeostasis and regeneration, and therefore, it may be a potential therapeutic target for chronic lung diseases with reduced regenerative capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Raslan
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, 25 Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, 25 Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Youn Jeong Oh
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, 25 Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Yong Ri Jin
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA;
| | - Jeong Kyo Yoon
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, 25 Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, 25 Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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6
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Abbas M, Alqahtani MS, Almohiy HM, Alqahtani FF, Alhifzi R, Jambi LK. The Potential Contribution of Biopolymeric Particles in Lung Tissue Regeneration of COVID-19 Patients. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4011. [PMID: 34833310 PMCID: PMC8623030 DOI: 10.3390/polym13224011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung is a vital organ that houses the alveoli, which is where gas exchange takes place. The COVID-19 illness attacks lung cells directly, creating significant inflammation and resulting in their inability to function. To return to the nature of their job, it may be essential to rejuvenate the afflicted lung cells. This is difficult because lung cells need a long time to rebuild and resume their function. Biopolymeric particles are the most effective means to transfer developing treatments to airway epithelial cells and then regenerate infected lung cells, which is one of the most significant symptoms connected with COVID-19. Delivering biocompatible and degradable natural biological materials, chemotherapeutic drugs, vaccines, proteins, antibodies, nucleic acids, and diagnostic agents are all examples of these molecules' usage. Furthermore, they are created by using several structural components, which allows them to effectively connect with these cells. We highlight their most recent uses in lung tissue regeneration in this review. These particles are classified into three groups: biopolymeric nanoparticles, biopolymeric stem cell materials, and biopolymeric scaffolds. The techniques and processes for regenerating lung tissue will be thoroughly explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Computers and Communications Department, College of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 35712, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S. Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (H.M.A.); (R.A.)
- BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, Michael Atiyah Building, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Hussain M. Almohiy
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (H.M.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Fawaz F. Alqahtani
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 1988, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Roaa Alhifzi
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (H.M.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Layal K. Jambi
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia;
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7
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Lee D, Kim Y, Chung C. Scientific Validation and Clinical Application of Lung Cancer Organoids. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113012. [PMID: 34831235 PMCID: PMC8616085 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer organoid (LCO) is a novel model of lung cancer that facilitates drug screening. However, the success rate of LCOs varies from 7% to 87%, and the culture medium compositions are markedly different. Airway organoid media can be used for LCO cultures, but this promotes the overgrowth of normal cell organoids especially in LCOs from intrapulmonary lesions. Several modified media are specifically utilized for promoting the cancer cell's growth. For culturing high-purity LCOs, cancer cells from metastatic lesions and malignant effusions are used. Recently, single-cell RNA sequencing has identified previously unknown cell populations in the lungs and lung cancer. This sequencing technology can be used to validate whether the LCO recapitulates the heterogeneity and functional hierarchy of the primary tumor. Several groups have attempted to culture LCOs with mesenchymal cells and immune cells to recapitulate the tumor microenvironment. Disease modeling using LCO provides novel insight into the pathophysiology of lung cancer and enables high-throughput screening for drug discovery and prognosis prediction. An LCO model would help to identify new concepts as a basis for lung cancer targeting by discovering innovative therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahye Lee
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (D.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yoonjoo Kim
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (D.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Chaeuk Chung
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (D.L.); (Y.K.)
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Correspondence:
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8
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Sussman MA. VAPIng into ARDS: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Cardiopulmonary Failure. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:108006. [PMID: 34582836 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
"Modern" vaping involving battery-operated electronic devices began approximately one dozen years and has quickly evolved into a multibillion dollar industry providing products to an estimated 50 million users worldwide. Originally developed as an alternative to traditional cigarette smoking, vaping now appeals to a diverse demographic including substantial involvement of young people who often have never used cigarettes. The rapid rise of vaping fueled by multiple factors has understandably outpaced understanding of biological effects, made even more challenging due to wide ranging individual user habits and preferences. Consequently while vaping-related research gathers momentum, vaping-associated pathological injury (VAPI) has been established by clinical case reports with severe cases manifesting as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with examples of right ventricular cardiac failure. Therefore, basic scientific studies are desperately needed to understand the impact of vaping upon the lungs as well as cardiopulmonary structure and function. Experimental models that capture fundamental characteristics of vaping-induced ARDS are essential to study pathogenesis and formulate recommendations to mitigate harmful effects attributable to ingredients or equipment. So too, treatment strategies to promote recovery from vaping-associated damage require development and testing at the preclinical level. This review summarizes the back story of vaping leading to present day conundrums with particular emphasis upon VAPI-associated ARDS and prioritization of research goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Sussman
- SDSU Integrated Regenerative Research Institute and Biology Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
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9
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Ptasinski V, Stegmayr J, Belvisi MG, Wagner DE, Murray LA. Targeting Alveolar Repair in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:347-365. [PMID: 34129811 PMCID: PMC8525210 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0476tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal interstitial lung disease with limited therapeutic options. Current evidence suggests that IPF may be initiated by repeated epithelial injury in the distal lung followed by abnormal wound healing responses which occur due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Mechanisms contributing to chronic damage of the alveolar epithelium in IPF include dysregulated cellular processes such as apoptosis, senescence, abnormal activation of developmental pathways, aging, as well as genetic mutations. Therefore, targeting the regenerative capacity of the lung epithelium is an attractive approach in the development of novel therapies for IPF. Endogenous lung regeneration is a complex process involving coordinated cross-talk between multiple cell types and re-establishment of a normal extracellular matrix environment. This review will describe the current knowledge of reparative epithelial progenitor cells in the alveolar region of the lung and discuss potential novel therapeutic approaches for IPF focusing on endogenous alveolar repair. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ptasinski
- Lund University Faculty of Medicine, 59568, Lund, Sweden.,AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, 128698, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - John Stegmayr
- Lunds University Faculty of Medicine, 59568, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria G Belvisi
- Imperial College London, 4615, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Darcy E Wagner
- Lunds Universitet, 5193, Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lynne A Murray
- AstraZeneca PLC, 4625, Cambridge, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
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10
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Coimbra-Campos LMC, Silva WN, Baltazar LM, Costa PAC, Prazeres PHDM, Picoli CC, Costa AC, Rocha BGS, Santos GSP, Oliveira FMS, Pinto MCX, Amorim JH, Azevedo VAC, Souza DG, Russo RC, Resende RR, Mintz A, Birbrair A. Circulating Nestin-GFP + Cells Participate in the Pathogenesis of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in the Lungs. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1874-1888. [PMID: 34003465 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple infectious diseases lead to impaired lung function. Revealing the cellular mechanisms involved in this impairment is crucial for the understanding of how the lungs shift from a physiologic to a pathologic state in each specific condition. In this context, we explored the pathogenesis of Paracoccidioidomycosis, which affects pulmonary functioning. The presence of cells expressing Nestin-GFP has been reported in different tissues, and their roles as tissue-specific progenitors have been stablished in particular organs. Here, we explored how Nestin-GFP+ cells are affected after lung infection by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a model of lung granulomatous inflammation with fibrotic outcome. We used Nestin-GFP transgenic mice, parabiosis surgery, confocal microscopy and flow cytometry to investigate the participation of Nestin-GFP+ cells in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis pathogenesis. We revealed that these cells increase in the lungs post-Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection, accumulating around granulomas. This increase was due mainly to Nestin-GPF+ cells derived from the blood circulation, not associated to blood vessels, that co-express markers suggestive of hematopoietic cells (Sca-1, CD45 and CXCR4). Therefore, our findings suggest that circulating Nestin-GFP+ cells participate in the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis pathogenesis in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walison N Silva
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ludmila M Baltazar
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Pedro A C Costa
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Pedro H D M Prazeres
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Caroline C Picoli
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alinne C Costa
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Beatriz G S Rocha
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gabryella S P Santos
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabrício M S Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Mechanics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mauro C X Pinto
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Neurochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Jaime H Amorim
- Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of West Bahia, Barreiras, BA, Brazil
| | - Vasco A C Azevedo
- Cellular and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Danielle G Souza
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Remo C Russo
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Mechanics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R Resende
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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11
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Wang Y, Tang N. The diversity of adult lung epithelial stem cells and their niche in homeostasis and regeneration. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:2045-2059. [PMID: 33948870 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1902-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The adult lung, a workhorse for gas exchange, is continually subjected to a barrage of assaults from the inhaled particles and pathogens. Hence, homeostatic maintenance is of paramount importance. Epithelial stem cells interact with their particular niche in the adult lung to orchestrate both natural tissue rejuvenation and robust post-injury regeneration. Advances in single-cell sequencing, lineage tracing, and living tissue imaging have deepened our understanding about stem cell heterogeneities, transition states, and specific cell lineage markers. In this review, we provided an overview of the known stem/progenitor cells and their subpopulations in different regions of the adult lung, and explored the regulatory networks in stem cells and their respective niche which collectively coordinated stem cell quiescence and regeneration states. We finally discussed relationships between dysregulated stem cell function and lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiao Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Nan Tang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China.
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12
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Basil MC, Katzen J, Engler AE, Guo M, Herriges MJ, Kathiriya JJ, Windmueller R, Ysasi AB, Zacharias WJ, Chapman HA, Kotton DN, Rock JR, Snoeck HW, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Whitsett JA, Morrisey EE. The Cellular and Physiological Basis for Lung Repair and Regeneration: Past, Present, and Future. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 26:482-502. [PMID: 32243808 PMCID: PMC7128675 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory system, which includes the trachea, airways, and distal alveoli, is a complex multi-cellular organ that intimately links with the cardiovascular system to accomplish gas exchange. In this review and as members of the NIH/NHLBI-supported Progenitor Cell Translational Consortium, we discuss key aspects of lung repair and regeneration. We focus on the cellular compositions within functional niches, cell-cell signaling in homeostatic health, the responses to injury, and new methods to study lung repair and regeneration. We also provide future directions for an improved understanding of the cell biology of the respiratory system, as well as new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Basil
- Department of Medicine, Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeremy Katzen
- Department of Medicine, Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anna E Engler
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Minzhe Guo
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Michael J Herriges
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jaymin J Kathiriya
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Rebecca Windmueller
- Department of Medicine, Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexandra B Ysasi
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - William J Zacharias
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Hal A Chapman
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Darrell N Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jason R Rock
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hans-Willem Snoeck
- Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Whitsett
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Department of Medicine, Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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13
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Wang Y, Gao X, Li Y, Wang X, Li Y, Zhang S, Liu H, Guo H, Lu W, Sun D. Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B regulates prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 and inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1303-1311. [PMID: 33729612 DOI: 10.1113/ep089244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? It is reported that polymorphism of the gene for pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B (SFTPB) is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): what are the function and mechanism of action of SFTPB in COPD? What is the main finding and its importance? Under stimulation of the risk factors of COPD, SFTPB expression is decreased, which may be involved in the formation of COPD. The progress of COPD induces an inflammatory response and reduces SFTPB expression. Levels of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 (PTGS2) and inflammatory responses are changed by SFTPB, which indicates that SFTPB promotes the progression of COPD by PTGS2 and inflammation. ABSTRACT Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B (SFTPB) is a critical protein for lung homeostasis, and polymorphism of its gene is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, few studies have so far confirmed the functional involvement of SFTPB in COPD. Serum SFTPB and inflammatory cytokine levels were measured in 54 patients with acute exacerbation of COPD and 29 healthy controls. A549 cells were induced using 10% cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and treated with dexamethasone to investigate the effect of inflammation on SFTPB expression, and the effect of SFTPB overexpression and silencing on inflammatory cytokines was measured using real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. SFTPB expression was assessed in mouse lung tissues using immunofluorescence. Serum levels of SFTPB were significantly lower in COPD patients than in controls (P = 0.009). Conversely, levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 (PTGS2) were increased in COPD patients (IL-6: P = 0.006; PTGS2: P = 0.043). After CSE treatment, SFTPB mRNA and protein levels were significantly decreased compared to controls (mRNA: P = 0.002; protein: P = 0.011), while IL-6, IL-8 and PTGS2 were elevated. Dexamethasone treatment increased SFTPB levels. Following overexpression of SFTPB in A549 cells, mRNA and protein levels of IL-6, IL-8 and PTGS2 were significantly reduced, while gene silencing induced the opposite effect. SFTPB levels were significantly reduced in the lung tissue of a mouse model of COPD compared to controls. Reduced SFTPB levels may induce PTGS2 and inflammatory responses in COPD and SFTPB could be a key protein for evaluation of COPD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Health Commission for the Diagnosis & Treatment of COPD, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.,Graduate School, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiaoyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of National Health Commission for the Diagnosis & Treatment of COPD, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of National Health Commission for the Diagnosis & Treatment of COPD, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Health Commission for the Diagnosis & Treatment of COPD, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sainan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Health Commission for the Diagnosis & Treatment of COPD, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.,Graduate School, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Health Commission for the Diagnosis & Treatment of COPD, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.,Graduate School, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Key Laboratory of National Health Commission for the Diagnosis & Treatment of COPD, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.,Graduate School, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Wenju Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dejun Sun
- Key Laboratory of National Health Commission for the Diagnosis & Treatment of COPD, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.,Graduate School, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
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14
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miR-296-5p Inhibits the Secretion of Pulmonary Surfactants in Pulmonary Epithelial Cells via the Downregulation of Wnt7b/ β-Catenin Signaling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:4051504. [PMID: 33490270 PMCID: PMC7803427 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4051504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is a common disease that occurs in premature infants. However, the mechanisms underlying the disease remain unclear. microRNAs (miRNAs) have been indicated to play a crucial role in the development of NRDS. In this study, we aimed to explore the regulatory mechanisms of miR-296-5p in NRDS. The expression levels of miR-296-5p in preterm infants with NRDS were determined using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). A549 cells were transfected with lentiviral vectors encoding miR-296-5p, and the transfection efficiency was determined using RT-qPCR. Flow cytometry and CCK8 assay were performed to measure apoptosis and proliferation of A549 cells, respectively. The protein levels of pulmonary surfactant SP-A (SFTPA1), SP-B, Wnt7b, and β-catenin were measured using western blotting. We demonstrated an upregulation of miR-296-5p in NRDS. The miR-296-5p was successfully overexpressed in A549 cells via lentivirus transfection, and the upregulation of miR-296-5p inhibited cell proliferation and secretion of SP-A and SP-B and also induced downregulation of the Wnt7b/β-catenin in vitro. Therefore, miR-296-5p inhibits cell proliferation and secretion of pulmonary surfactants in A549 cells via downregulation of Wnt7b/β-catenin signaling.
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15
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Jones-Freeman B, Starkey MR. Bronchioalveolar stem cells in lung repair, regeneration and disease. J Pathol 2020; 252:219-226. [PMID: 32737996 DOI: 10.1002/path.5527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bronchioalveolar stem cells (BASCs) are a lung resident stem cell population located at bronchioalveolar duct junctions that contribute to the maintenance of bronchiolar club cells and alveolar epithelial cells of the distal lung. Their transformed counterparts are considered to be likely progenitors of lung adenocarcinomas, which has been a major area of research in relation to BASCs. A critical limitation in addressing the function of BASCs in vivo has been the lack of a unique BASC marker, which has prevented specific targeting of BASCs in animal models of respiratory conditions. Recently, there have been several studies describing genetically modified mice that allow in vivo quantification, tracing, and functional analysis of BASCs to address this long-standing issue. These cutting-edge experimental tools will likely have significant implications for future experimental studies involving BASCs and the elucidation of their role in various lung diseases. To date, this has been largely explored in models of lung injury including naphthalene-induced airway injury, bleomycin-induced alveolar injury, hyperoxia-induced models of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and influenza virus infection. These novel experimental mouse tools will facilitate the assessment of the impact of BASC loss on additional respiratory conditions including infection-induced severe asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as respiratory bacterial infections, both in early life and adulthood. These future studies may shed light on the potential broad applicability of targeting BASCs for a diverse range of respiratory conditions during lung development and in promoting effective regeneration and repair of the lung in respiratory diseases. © 2020 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Jones-Freeman
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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16
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Raslan AA, Yoon JK. WNT Signaling in Lung Repair and Regeneration. Mol Cells 2020; 43:774-783. [PMID: 32807748 PMCID: PMC7528681 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung has a vital function in gas exchange between the blood and the external atmosphere. It also has a critical role in the immune defense against external pathogens and environmental factors. While the lung is classified as a relatively quiescent organ with little homeostatic turnover, it shows robust regenerative capacity in response to injury, mediated by the resident stem/progenitor cells. During regeneration, regionally distinct epithelial cell populations with specific functions are generated from several different types of stem/progenitor cells localized within four histologically distinguished regions: trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. WNT signaling is one of the key signaling pathways involved in regulating many types of stem/progenitor cells in various organs. In addition to its developmental role in the embryonic and fetal lung, WNT signaling is critical for lung homeostasis and regeneration. In this minireview, we summarize and discuss recent advances in the understanding of the role of WNT signaling in lung regeneration with an emphasis on stem/progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Raslan
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 35, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Jeong Kyo Yoon
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 35, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
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17
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Abstract
As one of the most common forms of cancer, lung cancers present as a collection of different histological subtypes. These subtypes are characterized by distinct sets of driver mutations and phenotypic appearance, and they often show varying degrees of heterogenicity, aggressiveness, and response/resistance to therapy. Intriguingly, lung cancers are also capable of showing features of multiple subtypes or converting from one subtype to another. The intertumoral and intratumoral heterogeneity of lung cancers as well as incidences of subtype transdifferentiation raise the question of to what extent the tumor characteristics are dictated by the cell of origin rather than the acquired driver lesions. We provide here an overview of the studies in experimental mouse models that try to address this question. These studies convincingly show that both the cell of origin and the genetic driver lesions play a critical role in shaping the phenotypes of lung tumors. However, they also illustrate that there is far from a direct one-to-one relationship between the cell of origin and the cancer subtype, as most epithelial cells can be reprogrammed toward diverse lung cancer fates when exposed to the appropriate set of driver mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giustina Ferone
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Myung Chang Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Julien Sage
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Anton Berns
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Sun F, Cheng L, Guo H, Sun Y, Ma Y, Wang Y, Feng W, Yuan Q, Dai X. Application of autologous SOX9 + airway basal cells in patients with bronchiectasis. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2020; 14:839-848. [PMID: 32436281 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bronchiectasis is a common condition and a leading cause of respiratory morbidity and mortality. The treatment method for bronchiectasis is mainly symptomatic treatment or surgery; however, this condition is extremely prone to recurrence. OBJECTIVES To preliminarily evaluate the safety and efficacy of applying SOX9+ autologous airway basal cells (BCs) in patients with bronchiectasis. METHODS SOX9+ BCs were isolated from microscale tissue of a grade 3-5 bronchus by bronchoscopic brushing and expanded in vitro for approximately 4 weeks. Subsequently, the autologous SOX9+ BCs were transplanted into the diseased bronchus to treat patients with bronchiectasis. RESULTS The forced expiratory volume in1 second (FEV1)%, forced vital capacity (FVC)%, total lung capacity (TLC)%, residual volume (RV)% and RV/TLC ratio of predicted value in patients with bronchiectasis were improved at 4, 12, 24 and 48 weeks after cell transplantation, although the differences were not statistically significant (P > .05). Chest CT scans showed that the lesions in the pulmonary segment had not progressed at 4, 12 and 24 weeks after transplantation. No patients died during the follow-up. At 4, 12 and 24 weeks after transplantation, routine blood tests, liver function tests, renal function tests and myocardial enzymatic indexes were normal (P > .05). CONCLUSION Transplantation of autologous SOX9+ BCs has positive effects and is safe for patients with bronchiectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Haiqing Guo
- Department of Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yufen Sun
- Regend Therapeutics Co. Ltd, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Regend Therapeutics Co. Ltd, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaotian Dai
- Department of Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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19
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Abstract
The respiratory system plays an essential role for human life. This system (like all others) undergoes physiological regeneration due to many types of stem cells found both in the respiratory tract itself and in the alveoli. The stem cell hierarchy is very extensive due to their variety in the lungs and is still not completely understood.The best described lung stem cells are alveolar type II cells, which as progenitor lung stem cells are precursors of alveolar type I cells, i.e., cells that perform gas exchange in the lungs. These progenitor stem cells, which reside in alveoli corners, express high levels of surfactant protein C (SFTPC). Despite the fact that type II pneumocytes occupy only 7-10% of the lung surface, there are almost twice as many as alveolar type I cells occupying almost 95% of the surface.Other stem cells making up the lung regenerative potential have also been identified in the lungs. Both endothelial, mesodermal, and epithelial stem cells are necessary for the lungs to function properly and perform their physiological functions.The lungs, like all other organs, undergo an aging process. As a result of this process, not only the total number of cells changes, the percentage of particular types of cells, but also their efficiency is reduced. With age, the proliferative potential of lung stem cells also decreases, not just their number. This brings about the need to increase the intensity of research in the field of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Ciechanowicz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical Univeristy of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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20
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Lignelli E, Palumbo F, Myti D, Morty RE. Recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of lung alveolarization and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L832-L887. [PMID: 31596603 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00369.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. A key histopathological feature of BPD is stunted late lung development, where the process of alveolarization-the generation of alveolar gas exchange units-is impeded, through mechanisms that remain largely unclear. As such, there is interest in the clarification both of the pathomechanisms at play in affected lungs, and the mechanisms of de novo alveoli generation in healthy, developing lungs. A better understanding of normal and pathological alveolarization might reveal opportunities for improved medical management of affected infants. Furthermore, disturbances to the alveolar architecture are a key histopathological feature of several adult chronic lung diseases, including emphysema and fibrosis, and it is envisaged that knowledge about the mechanisms of alveologenesis might facilitate regeneration of healthy lung parenchyma in affected patients. To this end, recent efforts have interrogated clinical data, developed new-and refined existing-in vivo and in vitro models of BPD, have applied new microscopic and radiographic approaches, and have developed advanced cell-culture approaches, including organoid generation. Advances have also been made in the development of other methodologies, including single-cell analysis, metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics, as well as the generation and use of complex mouse genetics tools. The objective of this review is to present advances made in our understanding of the mechanisms of lung alveolarization and BPD over the period 1 January 2017-30 June 2019, a period that spans the 50th anniversary of the original clinical description of BPD in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Lignelli
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Francesco Palumbo
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Despoina Myti
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rory E Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
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21
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Alveolar Differentiation Potency of Human Distal Airway Stem Cells Is Associated with Pulmonary Pathological Conditions. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:7123078. [PMID: 31281383 PMCID: PMC6590602 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7123078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study is aimed at characterizing the human distal airway stem cells (DASCs) and assessing their therapeutic potential in patients with chronic, degenerative lung diseases. These findings will provide a comprehensive understanding for further clinical applications utilizing autologous airway stem cells as therapeutic intervention in respiratory diseases. Methods DASCs were isolated from healthy subjects or patients diagnosed with bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), or interstitial lung disease (ILD). Differentiation capacity, a key property of the stem cells, was studied using a novel monolayer differentiation system. The differentiated cells were evaluated for alveolar and bronchial cell marker expression, and the quantified expression level of differentiated cells was further examined for their relationship with age and pulmonary function of the subjects. Results and Conclusions Differentiation of DASCs and tracheal stem cells (TSCs) yielded an alveolus-like structure and a tube-shaped structure, respectively, with distinct marker gene expression. Additionally, single-cell-derived clones showed diverse differentiation fates, even if the clones arise from identical or different individuals. More importantly, the alveolar differentiation potency was higher in DASCs derived from patients than from healthy people. The differentiation efficiency of DASCs also correlates with age in patients with bronchiectasis and ILD.
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22
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Ng-Blichfeldt JP, Gosens R, Dean C, Griffiths M, Hind M. Regenerative pharmacology for COPD: breathing new life into old lungs. Thorax 2019; 74:890-897. [PMID: 30940772 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-212630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major global health concern with few effective treatments. Widespread destruction of alveolar tissue contributes to impaired gas exchange in severe COPD, and recent radiological evidence suggests that destruction of small airways is a major contributor to increased peripheral airway resistance in disease. This important finding might in part explain the failure of conventional anti-inflammatory treatments to restore lung function even in patients with mild disease. There is a clear need for alternative pharmacological strategies for patients with COPD/emphysema. Proposed regenerative strategies such as cell therapy and tissue engineering are hampered by poor availability of exogenous stem cells, discouraging trial results, and risks and cost associated with surgery. An alternative therapeutic approach is augmentation of lung regeneration and/or repair by biologically active factors, which have potential to be employed on a large scale. In favour of this strategy, the healthy adult lung is known to possess a remarkable endogenous regenerative capacity. Numerous preclinical studies have shown induction of regeneration in animal models of COPD/emphysema. Here, we argue that given the widespread and irreversible nature of COPD, serious consideration of regenerative pharmacology is necessary. However, for this approach to be feasible, a better understanding of the cell-specific molecular control of regeneration, the regenerative potential of the human lung and regenerative competencies of patients with COPD are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- John-Poul Ng-Blichfeldt
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK .,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Dean
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Griffiths
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomews Hospital, London, UK
| | - Matthew Hind
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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23
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Berical A, Lee RE, Randell SH, Hawkins F. Challenges Facing Airway Epithelial Cell-Based Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:74. [PMID: 30800069 PMCID: PMC6376457 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene cause the life-limiting hereditary disease, cystic fibrosis (CF). Decreased or absent functional CFTR protein in airway epithelial cells leads to abnormally viscous mucus and impaired mucociliary transport, resulting in bacterial infections and inflammation causing progressive lung damage. There are more than 2000 known variants in the CFTR gene. A subset of CF individuals with specific CFTR mutations qualify for pharmacotherapies of variable efficacy. These drugs, termed CFTR modulators, address key defects in protein folding, trafficking, abundance, and function at the apical cell membrane resulting from specific CFTR mutations. However, some CFTR mutations result in little or no CFTR mRNA or protein expression for which a pharmaceutical strategy is more challenging and remote. One approach to rescue CFTR function in the airway epithelium is to replace cells that carry a mutant CFTR sequence with cells that express a normal copy of the gene. Cell-based therapy theoretically has the potential to serve as a one-time cure for CF lung disease regardless of the causative CFTR mutation. In this review, we explore major challenges and recent progress toward this ambitious goal. The ideal therapeutic cell would: (1) be autologous to avoid the complications of rejection and immune-suppression; (2) be safely modified to express functional CFTR; (3) be expandable ex vivo to generate sufficient cell quantities to restore CFTR function; and (4) have the capacity to engraft, proliferate and persist long-term in recipient airways without complications. Herein, we explore human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as candidate cell therapies for CF and explore the challenges facing their delivery to the human airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Berical
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.,The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rhianna E Lee
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Scott H Randell
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Finn Hawkins
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.,The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) continues to be one of the most common complications of preterm birth and is characterized histopathologically by impaired lung alveolarization. Extremely preterm born infants remain at high risk for the development of BPD, highlighting a pressing need for continued efforts to understand the pathomechanisms at play in affected infants. This brief review summarizes recent progress in our understanding of the how the development of the newborn lung is stunted, highlighting recent reports on roles for growth factor signaling, oxidative stress, inflammation, the extracellular matrix and proteolysis, non-coding RNA, and fibroblast and epithelial cell plasticity. Additionally, some concerns about modeling BPD in experimental animals are reviewed, as are new developments in the in vitro modeling of pathophysiological processes relevant to impaired lung alveolarization in BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory E Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany.
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Villar J, Zhang H, Slutsky AS. Lung Repair and Regeneration in ARDS: Role of PECAM1 and Wnt Signaling. Chest 2018; 155:587-594. [PMID: 30392791 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ARDS is an acute inflammatory pulmonary process triggered by severe pulmonary and systemic insults to the alveolar-capillary membrane. This causes increased vascular permeability and the development of interstitial and alveolar protein-rich edema, leading to acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Supportive treatment includes the use of lung-protective ventilatory strategies that decrease the work of breathing, can improve oxygenation, and minimize ventilator-induced lung injury. Despite substantial advances in supportive measures, there are no specific pharmacologic treatments for ARDS, and the overall hospital mortality rate remains about 40% in most series. The pathophysiology of ARDS involves interactions among multiple mechanisms, including immune cell infiltration, cytokine storm, alveolar-capillary barrier disruption, cell apoptosis, and the development of fibrosis. Here we review some new developments in the molecular basis of lung injury, with a focus on possible novel pharmacologic interventions aimed at improving the outcomes of patients with ARDS. Our focus is on platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, which contributes to the maintenance and restoration of vascular integrity following barrier disruption. We also highlight the wingless-related integration site signaling pathway, which appears to be a central mechanism for lung healing as well as for fibrotic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Villar
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Multidisciplinary Organ Dysfunction Evaluation Research Network, Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Sciences at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Sciences at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Anesthesia and Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Arthur S Slutsky
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Sciences at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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van Haasteren J, Hyde SC, Gill DR. Lessons learned from lung and liver in-vivo gene therapy: implications for the future. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 18:959-972. [PMID: 30067117 PMCID: PMC6134476 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1506761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ex-vivo gene therapy has had significant clinical impact over the last couple of years and in-vivo gene therapy products are being approved for clinical use. Gene therapy and gene editing approaches have huge potential to treat genetic disease and chronic illness. AREAS COVERED This article provides a review of in-vivo approaches for gene therapy in the lung and liver, exploiting non-viral and viral vectors with varying serotypes and pseudotypes to target-specific cells. Antibody responses inhibiting viral vectors continue to constrain effective repeat administration. Lessons learned from ex-vivo gene therapy and genome editing are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION The fields of lung and liver in-vivo gene therapy are thriving and a comparison highlights obstacles and opportunities for both. Overcoming immunological issues associated with repeated administration of viral vectors remains a key challenge. The addition of targeted small molecules in combination with viral vectors may offer one solution. A substantial bottleneck to the widespread adoption of in-vivo gene therapy is how to ensure sufficient capacity for clinical-grade vector production. In the future, the exploitation of gene editing approaches for in-vivo disease treatment may facilitate the resurgence of non-viral gene transfer approaches, which tend to be eclipsed by more efficient viral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost van Haasteren
- Gene Medicine Group, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Science, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen C. Hyde
- Gene Medicine Group, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Science, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Deborah R. Gill
- Gene Medicine Group, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Science, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Echeverri
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
| | - Ricardo M Zayas
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
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