1
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Harry GJ. Developmental Associations between Neurovascularization and Microglia Colonization. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1281. [PMID: 38279280 PMCID: PMC10816009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The temporal and spatial pattern of microglia colonization and vascular infiltration of the nervous system implies critical associated roles in early stages of nervous system development. Adding to existing reviews that cover a broad spectrum of the various roles of microglia during brain development, the current review will focus on the developmental ontogeny and interdependency between the colonization of the nervous system with yolk sac derived macrophages and vascularization. Gaining a better understanding of the timing and the interdependency of these two processes will significantly contribute to the interpretation of data generated regarding alterations in either process during early development. Additionally, such knowledge should provide a framework for understanding the influence of the early gestational environmental and the impact of genetics, disease, disorders, or exposures on the early developing nervous system and the potential for long-term and life-time effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jean Harry
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
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2
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Tsai J, Kaneko K, Suh AJ, Bockman R, Park-Min KH. Origin of Osteoclasts: Osteoclast Precursor Cells. J Bone Metab 2023; 30:127-140. [PMID: 37449346 PMCID: PMC10346003 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2023.30.2.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinucleated bone-resorbing cells and a key player in bone remodeling for health and disease. Since the discovery of osteoclasts in 1873, the structure and function of osteoclasts and the molecular and cellular mechanisms of osteoclastogenesis have been extensively studied. Moreover, it has been well established that osteoclasts are differentiated in vitro from myeloid cells such as bone marrow macrophages or monocytes. The concept showing that osteoclasts are derived from a specific population (named osteoclast precursor cells [OCPs]) among myeloid cells has been long hypothesized. However, the specific precursor population of osteoclasts is not clearly defined yet. A growing body of work provides evidence of the developmental origin and lifespan of murine osteoclasts, particularly in vivo. Here, we review the emerging evidence that supports the existence of OCPs and discuss current insights into their identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Tsai
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY,
USA
| | - Kaichi Kaneko
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba,
Japan
| | - Andrew J. Suh
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY,
USA
| | - Richard Bockman
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY,
USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY,
USA
| | - Kyung-Hyun Park-Min
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY,
USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY,
USA
- BCMB Allied Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY,
USA
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3
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Chen X, Tang AT, Tober J, Yang J, Leu NA, Sterling S, Chen M, Yang Y, Mericko-Ishizuka P, Speck NA, Kahn ML. Mouse placenta fetal macrophages arise from endothelial cells outside the placenta. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2652-2660.e3. [PMID: 36473461 PMCID: PMC9752200 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Placental fetal macrophages (fMacs) are the only immune cells on the fetal side of the placental barrier. Mouse models have not been used to test their function because they have previously been found to have distinct cellular origins and functions in mice and humans. Here, we test the ontogeny of mouse placental fMacs. Using a new Hoxa13Cre allele that labels all placental endothelial cells (ECs), we demonstrate that mouse placenta fMacs do not arise from placental endothelium. Instead, lineage tracing studies using Tie2-Cre and Cx3cr1CreERT2 alleles demonstrate that mouse placental fMacs arise from yolk sac endothelium. Administration of blocking antibodies against CSF1R at E6.5 and E7.5 results in depletion of placental fMacs throughout pregnancy, and this suggests a yolk sac origin, similar to that in human fMacs. This Matters Arising paper is in response to Liang et al., published in Developmental Cell. A response by Liang and Liu is published in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Chen
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alan T Tang
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joanna Tober
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jisheng Yang
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - N Adrian Leu
- Transgenic Mouse Core, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephanie Sterling
- Transgenic Mouse Core, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mei Chen
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yiqing Yang
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Patricia Mericko-Ishizuka
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nancy A Speck
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mark L Kahn
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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4
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Larkin CJ, Arrieta VA, Najem H, Li G, Zhang P, Miska J, Chen P, James CD, Sonabend AM, Heimberger AB. Myeloid Cell Classification and Therapeutic Opportunities Within the Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment in the Single Cell-Omics Era. Front Immunol 2022; 13:907605. [PMID: 35784281 PMCID: PMC9244707 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.907605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The glioma tumor microenvironment (TME) is complex and heterogeneous, and multiple emerging and current technologies are being utilized for an improved comprehension and understanding of these tumors. Single cell analysis techniques such as single cell genomic and transcriptomic sequencing analysis are on the rise and play an important role in elucidating the glioma TME. These large datasets will prove useful for patient tumor characterization, including immune configuration that will ultimately influence therapeutic choices and especially immune therapies. In this review we discuss the advantages and drawbacks of these techniques while debating their role in the domain of glioma-infiltrating myeloid cells characterization and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin J. Larkin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Víctor A. Arrieta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Programa de Estudios Combinados en Medicina (PECEM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hinda Najem
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gongbo Li
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jason Miska
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Peiwen Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Charles David James
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Adam M. Sonabend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Amy B. Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Amy B. Heimberger,
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5
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Novel insights into embryonic cardiac macrophages. Dev Biol 2022; 488:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Cuadros MA, Sepulveda MR, Martin-Oliva D, Marín-Teva JL, Neubrand VE. Microglia and Microglia-Like Cells: Similar but Different. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:816439. [PMID: 35197828 PMCID: PMC8859783 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.816439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the tissue-resident macrophages of the central nervous parenchyma. In mammals, microglia are thought to originate from yolk sac precursors and posteriorly maintained through the entire life of the organism. However, the contribution of microglial cells from other sources should also be considered. In addition to “true” or “bona-fide” microglia, which are of embryonic origin, the so-called “microglia-like cells” are hematopoietic cells of bone marrow origin that can engraft the mature brain mainly under pathological conditions. These cells implement great parts of the microglial immune phenotype, but they do not completely adopt the “true microglia” features. Because of their pronounced similarity, true microglia and microglia-like cells are usually considered together as one population. In this review, we discuss the origin and development of these two distinct cell types and their differences. We will also review the factors determining the appearance and presence of microglia-like cells, which can vary among species. This knowledge might contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies aiming at microglial cells for the treatment of diseases in which they are involved, for example neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Cuadros
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M Rosario Sepulveda
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - David Martin-Oliva
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José L Marín-Teva
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Veronika E Neubrand
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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7
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Kwon J, Suessmilch M, McColl A, Cavanagh J, Morris BJ. Distinct trans-placental effects of maternal immune activation by TLR3 and TLR7 agonists: implications for schizophrenia risk. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23841. [PMID: 34903784 PMCID: PMC8668921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to infection in utero predisposes towards psychiatric diseases such as autism, depression and schizophrenia in later life. The mechanisms involved are typically studied by administering mimetics of double-stranded (ds) virus or bacterial infection to pregnant rats or mice. The effect of single-stranded (ss) virus mimetics has been largely ignored, despite evidence linking prenatal ss virus exposure with psychiatric disease. Understanding the effects of gestational ss virus exposure has become even more important with recent events. In this study, in pregnant mice, we compare directly the effects, on the maternal blood, placenta and the embryonic brain, of maternal administration of ds-virus mimetic poly I:C (to activate Toll-like receptor 3, TLR3) and ss-virus mimetic resiquimod (to activate TLR7/8). We find that, 4 h after the administration, both poly I:C and resiquimod elevated the levels of IL-6, TNFα, and chemokines including CCL2 and CCL5, in maternal plasma. Both agents also increased placental mRNA levels of IL-6 and IL-10, but only resiquimod increased placental TNFα mRNA. In foetal brain, poly I:C produced no detectable immune-response-related increases, whereas pronounced increases in cytokine (e.g. Il-6, Tnfα) and chemokine (e.g. Ccl2, Ccl5) expression were observed with maternal resiquimod administration. The data show substantial differences between the effect of maternal exposure to a TLR7/8 activator as compared to a TLR3 activator. There are significant implications for future modelling of diseases where maternal ss virus exposure contributes to environmental disease risk in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaedeok Kwon
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
- Institute of Inflammation and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Maria Suessmilch
- Institute of Inflammation and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alison McColl
- Institute of Inflammation and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jonathan Cavanagh
- Institute of Inflammation and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Brian J Morris
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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8
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Moura Silva H, Kitoko JZ, Queiroz CP, Kroehling L, Matheis F, Yang KL, Reis BS, Ren-Fielding C, Littman DR, Bozza MT, Mucida D, Lafaille JJ. c-MAF-dependent perivascular macrophages regulate diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabg7506. [PMID: 34597123 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abg7506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernandez Moura Silva
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jamil Zola Kitoko
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.,Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunidade, Departamento de Imunologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Camila Pereira Queiroz
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.,Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Lina Kroehling
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Fanny Matheis
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Katharine Lu Yang
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Bernardo S Reis
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Dan R Littman
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.,Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Marcelo Torres Bozza
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunidade, Departamento de Imunologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Daniel Mucida
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Juan J Lafaille
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.,Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
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9
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Splichalova I, Balounová J, Vobořil M, Brabec T, Sedlacek R, Filipp D. Deletion of TLR2 + erythro-myeloid progenitors leads to embryonic lethality in mice. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:2237-2250. [PMID: 34107067 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202049142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Early embryonic hematopoiesis in mammals is defined by three successive waves of hematopoietic progenitors which exhibit a distinct hematopoietic potential and provide continuous support for the development of the embryo and adult organism. Although the functional importance of each of these waves has been analyzed, their spatio-temporal overlap and the lack of wave-specific markers hinders the accurate separation and assessment of their functional roles during early embryogenesis. We have recently shown that TLR2, in combination with c-kit, represents the earliest signature of emerging precursors of the second hematopoietic wave, erythro-myeloid precursors (EMPs). Since the onset of Tlr2 expression distinguishes EMPs from primitive progenitors which coexist in the yolk sac from E7.5, we generated a novel transgenic "knock in" mouse model, Tlr2Dtr , suitable for inducible targeted depletion of TLR2+ EMPs. In this model, the red fluorescent protein and diphtheria toxin receptor sequences are linked via a P2A sequence and inserted into the Tlr2 locus before its stop codon. We show that a timely controlled deletion of TLR2+ EMPs in Tlr2Dtr embryos results in a marked decrease in both erythroid as well as myeloid lineages and, consequently, in embryonic lethality peaking before E13.5. These findings validate the importance of EMPs in embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Splichalova
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Balounová
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Czech Centre for Phenogenomics & Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matouš Vobořil
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Brabec
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics & Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dominik Filipp
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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10
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Depletion of Embryonic Macrophages Leads to a Reduction in Angiogenesis in the Ex Ovo Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay. Cells 2020; 10:cells10010005. [PMID: 33375076 PMCID: PMC7822194 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play an important but poorly understood role in angiogenesis. To investigate their role in vessel formation, relevant in vivo models are crucial. Although the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model has been frequently used as an angiogenesis assay, limited data are available on the involvement of chicken macrophages in this process. Here, we describe a method to deplete macrophages in the ex ovo chick CAM assay by injection of clodronate liposomes and show that this depletion directly affects vascularisation of collagen onplants. Chicken embryos were injected intravenously with either clodronate or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) liposomes, followed by placement of collagen type I plugs on the CAM to quantify angiogenic ingrowth. Clodronate liposome injection led to a significant 3.4-fold reduction of macrophages compared with control embryos as measured by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Furthermore, analysis of vessel ingrowth into the collagen plugs revealed a significantly lower angiogenic response in macrophage-depleted embryos compared with control embryos, indicating that chicken embryonic macrophages play an essential function in the development of blood vessels. These results demonstrate that the chick CAM assay provides a promising model to investigate the role of macrophages in angiogenesis.
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11
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Gula G, Rumiński S, Niderla-Bielińska J, Jasińska A, Kiernozek E, Jankowska-Steifer E, Flaht-Zabost A, Ratajska A. Potential functions of embryonic cardiac macrophages in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 155:117-132. [PMID: 33130914 PMCID: PMC7847984 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01934-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The role of cardiac tissue macrophages (cTMs) during pre- and postnatal developmental stages remains in many aspects unknown. We aimed to characterize cTM populations and their potential functions based on surface markers. Our in situ studies of immunostained cardiac tissue specimens of murine fetuses (from E11to E17) revealed that a significant number of embryonic cTMs (phenotyped by CD45, CD68, CD64, F4/80, CD11b, CD206, Lyve-1) resided mostly in the subepicardial space, not in the entire myocardial wall, as observed in adult individuals. cTMs accompanied newly developed blood and lymphatic vessels adhering to vessel walls by cellular processes. A subpopulation of CD68-positive cells was found to form accumulations in areas of massive apoptosis during the outflow tract remodeling and shortening. Flow cytometry analysis at E14 and E17 stages revealed newly defined three subpopulations:CD64low, CD64highCD206-and CD64highCD206+. The levels of mRNA expression for genes related to regulation of angiogenesis (VEGFa, VEGFb, VEGFc, bFGF), lymphangiogenesis (VEGFc) and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling (MMP13, Arg1, Ym1/Chil3, Retlna/FIZZ1) differed among the selected populations and/or embryonic stages. Our results demonstrate a diversity of embryonic cTMs and their tissue-specific locations, suggesting their various potential roles in regulating angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and ECM remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Gula
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Ophthalmology, Central Clinical Hospital of the MSWiA, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Rumiński
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Jasińska
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Student's Scientific Circle at Department of Pathology MUW, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Jankowska-Steifer
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Flaht-Zabost
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Ratajska
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004, Warsaw, Poland.
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12
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Mosser DM, Hamidzadeh K, Goncalves R. Macrophages and the maintenance of homeostasis. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:579-587. [PMID: 32934339 PMCID: PMC7491045 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00541-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been many chapters written about macrophage polarization. These chapters generally focus on the role of macrophages in orchestrating immune responses by highlighting the T-cell-derived cytokines that shape these polarizing responses. This bias toward immunity is understandable, given the importance of macrophages to host defense. However, macrophages are ubiquitous and are involved in many different cellular processes, and describing them as immune cells is undoubtedly an oversimplification. It disregards their important roles in development, tissue remodeling, wound healing, angiogenesis, and metabolism, to name just a few processes. In this chapter, we propose that macrophages function as transducers in the body. According to Wikipedia, “A transducer is a device that converts energy from one form to another.” The word transducer is a term used to describe both the “sensor,” which can interpret a wide range of energy forms, and the “actuator,” which can switch voltages or currents to affect the environment. Macrophages are able to sense a seemingly endless variety of inputs from their environment and transduce these inputs into a variety of different response outcomes. Thus, rather than functioning as immune cells, they should be considered more broadly as cellular transducers that interpret microenvironmental changes and actuate vital tissue responses. In this chapter, we will describe some of the sensory stimuli that macrophages perceive and the responses they make to these stimuli to achieve their prime directive, which is the maintenance of homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Mosser
- The Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - Kajal Hamidzadeh
- The Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Ricardo Goncalves
- The Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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13
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Lokka E, Lintukorpi L, Cisneros-Montalvo S, Mäkelä JA, Tyystjärvi S, Ojasalo V, Gerke H, Toppari J, Rantakari P, Salmi M. Generation, localization and functions of macrophages during the development of testis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4375. [PMID: 32873797 PMCID: PMC7463013 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18206-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the testis, interstitial macrophages are thought to be derived from the yolk sac during fetal development, and later replaced by bone marrow-derived macrophages. By contrast, the peritubular macrophages have been reported to emerge first in the postnatal testis and solely represent descendants of bone marrow-derived monocytes. Here, we define new monocyte and macrophage types in the fetal and postnatal testis using high-dimensional single-cell analyses. Our results show that interstitial macrophages have a dominant contribution from fetal liver-derived precursors, while peritubular macrophages are generated already at birth from embryonic precursors. We find that bone marrow-derived monocytes do not substantially contribute to the replenishment of the testicular macrophage pool even after systemic macrophage depletion. The presence of macrophages prenatally, but not postnatally, is necessary for normal spermatogenesis. Our multifaceted data thus challenge the current paradigms in testicular macrophage biology by delineating their differentiation, homeostasis and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmi Lokka
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20520, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, FIN-20520, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Laura Lintukorpi
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20520, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, FIN-20520, Finland
| | | | - Juho-Antti Mäkelä
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Sofia Tyystjärvi
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20520, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, FIN-20520, Finland
| | - Venla Ojasalo
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20520, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, FIN-20520, Finland
| | - Heidi Gerke
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20520, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, FIN-20520, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20520, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Pia Rantakari
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20520, Finland. .,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, FIN-20520, Finland.
| | - Marko Salmi
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20520, Finland. .,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20520, Finland.
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14
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Nasser H, Adhikary P, Abdel-Daim A, Noyori O, Panaampon J, Kariya R, Okada S, Ma W, Baba M, Takizawa H, Yamane M, Niwa H, Suzu S. Establishment of bone marrow-derived M-CSF receptor-dependent self-renewing macrophages. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:63. [PMID: 32714570 PMCID: PMC7378060 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that tissue macrophages are derived from yolk sac precursors or fetal liver monocytes, in addition to bone marrow monocytes. The relative contribution of these cells to the tissue macrophage pool is not fully understood, but embryo-derived cells are supposed to be more important because of their capacity to self-renew. Here, we show the presence of adult bone marrow-derived macrophages that retain self-renewing capacity. The self-renewing macrophages were readily obtained by long-term culture of mouse bone marrow cells with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), a key cytokine for macrophage development. They were non-tumorigenic and proliferated in the presence of M-CSF in unlimited numbers. Despite several differences from non-proliferating macrophages, they retained many features of cells of the monocytic lineage, including the differentiation into dendritic cells or osteoclasts. Among the transcription factors involved in the self-renewal of embryonic stem cells, Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) was strongly upregulated upon M-CSF stimulation in the self-renewing macrophages, which was accompanied by the downregulation of MafB, a transcription factor that suppresses KLF2 expression. Indeed, knockdown of KLF2 led to cell cycle arrest and diminished cell proliferation in the self-renewing macrophages. Our new cell model would be useful to unravel differences in phenotype, function, and molecular mechanism of proliferation among self-renewing macrophages with different origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Nasser
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811 Japan
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811 Japan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41511 Egypt
| | - Partho Adhikary
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811 Japan
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811 Japan
- Present Address: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Amira Abdel-Daim
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811 Japan
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811 Japan
| | - Osamu Noyori
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811 Japan
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811 Japan
| | - Jutatip Panaampon
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811 Japan
| | - Ryusho Kariya
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811 Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811 Japan
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811 Japan
| | - Masaya Baba
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takizawa
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811 Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556 Japan
| | - Mariko Yamane
- Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811 Japan
- Present Address: Laboratory for Bioinformatics Research, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Hyogo, 650-0047 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Niwa
- Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811 Japan
| | - Shinya Suzu
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811 Japan
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811 Japan
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15
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Block J. M2-like cells from the macrophage lineage might play a central role in closure of the embryonic neural tube. Med Hypotheses 2019; 129:109264. [PMID: 31371090 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Herein it is hypothesized that M2-like macrophages or pre-macrophages of fetal origin might play a central role in development and closure of the neural tube. Early in embryonic development, pre-macrophages arise from the fetal yolk sac and track through the bloodstream to reach diverse embryonic tissues, where they mature. Most of these macrophages exhibit an M2-like phenotype. The critical period for neural tube closure is contained within the period of yolk sac-derived pre-macrophage tracking and distribution, which poses a question: might these pre-macrophages or macrophages exert an influence on the closing neural tube? Evidence suggests that perturbations in macrophage polarization or M2 macrophage function might contribute to the failure of neural tube closure associated with diabetes mellitus, one carbon metabolism (including folic acid deficit), inositol, arachidonic acid, and sphingosine-1-phosphate, as well as in the teratogenicity of nitric acid, valproic acid, and fumonisin. The influence of each of these factors is interpreted in light of potential interactions with M2-like macrophages or macrophage progenitors on the developing neural tube. By placing these anti inflammatory macrophages at the center of various epigenetic, neurochemical, and signaling processes suspected to be involved in neural tube closure, potential associations are revealed between macrophages and embryonic structural developmental processes such as collagen and actin dynamics. The choice of this model is also an attempt to explain why some etiologies for failure of neural tube closure are rescued by folic acid, whereas other etiologies are rescued only by formate, inositol, or not at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Block
- Mercaz HaBriut, Center for Integrative Medicine, Nahal Achziv 8/2, Ramat Beit Shemesh, Israel; Kupat Cholim Leumit, Sfat Emet 4, Beit Shemesh, Israel.
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