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Donati A, Schneider-Maunoury S, Vesque C. Centriole Translational Planar Polarity in Monociliated Epithelia. Cells 2024; 13:1403. [PMID: 39272975 PMCID: PMC11393834 DOI: 10.3390/cells13171403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Ciliated epithelia are widespread in animals and play crucial roles in many developmental and physiological processes. Epithelia composed of multi-ciliated cells allow for directional fluid flow in the trachea, oviduct and brain cavities. Monociliated epithelia play crucial roles in vertebrate embryos, from the establishment of left-right asymmetry to the control of axis curvature via cerebrospinal flow motility in zebrafish. Cilia also have a central role in the motility and feeding of free-swimming larvae in a variety of marine organisms. These diverse functions rely on the coordinated orientation (rotational polarity) and asymmetric localization (translational polarity) of cilia and of their centriole-derived basal bodies across the epithelium, both being forms of planar cell polarity (PCP). Here, we review our current knowledge on the mechanisms of the translational polarity of basal bodies in vertebrate monociliated epithelia from the molecule to the whole organism. We highlight the importance of live imaging for understanding the dynamics of centriole polarization. We review the roles of core PCP pathways and of apicobasal polarity proteins, such as Par3, whose central function in this process has been recently uncovered. Finally, we emphasize the importance of the coordination between polarity proteins, the cytoskeleton and the basal body itself in this highly dynamic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Donati
- Developmental Biology Unit, UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM U1156, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sylvie Schneider-Maunoury
- Developmental Biology Unit, UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM U1156, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christine Vesque
- Developmental Biology Unit, UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM U1156, 75005 Paris, France
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Jussila M, Boswell CW, Griffiths NW, Pumputis PG, Ciruna B. Live imaging and conditional disruption of native PCP activity using endogenously tagged zebrafish sfGFP-Vangl2. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5598. [PMID: 36151137 PMCID: PMC9508082 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-wide coordination of polarized cytoskeletal organization and cell behaviour, critical for normal development, is controlled by asymmetric membrane localization of non-canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) signalling components. Understanding the dynamic regulation of PCP thus requires visualization of these polarity proteins in vivo. Here we utilize CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to introduce a fluorescent reporter onto the core PCP component, Vangl2, in zebrafish. Through live imaging of endogenous sfGFP-Vangl2 expression, we report on the authentic regulation of vertebrate PCP during embryogenesis. Furthermore, we couple sfGFP-Vangl2 with conditional zGrad GFP-nanobody degradation methodologies to interrogate tissue-specific functions for PCP. Remarkably, loss of Vangl2 in foxj1a-positive cell lineages causes ependymal cell cilia and Reissner fiber formation defects as well as idiopathic-like scoliosis. Together, our studies provide crucial insights into the establishment and maintenance of vertebrate PCP and create a powerful experimental paradigm for investigating post-embryonic and tissue-specific functions for Vangl2 in development and disease. Planar cell polarity (PCP) is critical for tissue-wide coordination and successful development. Here Jussila et al. generate a GFP-Vangl2 fusion for live imaging and discover a surprising directionality to the intercellular propagation of cell polarity, and ultimately link PCP defects with idiopathic scoliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jussila
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Curtis W Boswell
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Nigel W Griffiths
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Patrick G Pumputis
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Brian Ciruna
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada. .,Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Zou Y. Inter-growth cone communications mediated by planar cell polarity pathway in axon guidance. Dev Biol 2022; 490:50-52. [PMID: 35788000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of exquisitely organized axonal projections is one of the greatest wonders of nervous system development. In addition to growing along stereotyped directions, axons join one another as they extend to form highly organized projections. Axon-axon interactions are essential for axon guidance during nervous system wiring. Axonal growth cones recognize cell surface guidance cues on axons and either grow along the axons or away from the axons. However, it is less well understood whether and how the growth cones communicate with each other and, if so, what do these interactions mean. Recent studies from our lab provided direct evidence that the growth cones do interact with each other during axon pathfinding. And this interaction is regulated by highly regulated protein-protein interactions among components of the planar cell polarity pathway. The disruption of these interactions lead to guidance defects and disorganization of axons. We propose that these local inter-growth cone PCP signaling reinforces and increases the sensitivity of the growth cone response to shallow Wnt gradients to turn in a precise and organized fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Zou
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Donati A, Anselme I, Schneider-Maunoury S, Vesque C. Planar polarization of cilia in the zebrafish floor-plate involves Par3-mediated posterior localization of highly motile basal bodies. Development 2021; 148:269080. [PMID: 34104942 DOI: 10.1242/dev.196386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cilia, whether motile or primary, often display an off-center planar localization within the apical cell surface. This form of planar cell polarity (PCP) involves the asymmetric positioning of the ciliary basal body (BB). Using the monociliated epithelium of the embryonic zebrafish floor-plate, we investigated the dynamics and mechanisms of BB polarization by live imaging. BBs were highly motile, making back-and-forth movements along the antero-posterior (AP) axis and contacting both the anterior and posterior membranes. Contacts exclusively occurred at junctional Par3 patches and were often preceded by membrane digitations extending towards the BB, suggesting focused cortical pulling forces. Accordingly, BBs and Par3 patches were linked by dynamic microtubules. Later, BBs became less motile and eventually settled at posterior apical junctions enriched in Par3. BB posterior positioning followed Par3 posterior enrichment and was impaired upon Par3 depletion or disorganization of Par3 patches. In the PCP mutant vangl2, BBs were still motile but displayed poorly oriented membrane contacts that correlated with Par3 patch fragmentation and lateral spreading. Thus, we propose an unexpected function for posterior Par3 enrichment in controlling BB positioning downstream of the PCP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Donati
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7622, INSERM U1156, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Developmental Biology Unit, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Anselme
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7622, INSERM U1156, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Developmental Biology Unit, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Schneider-Maunoury
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7622, INSERM U1156, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Developmental Biology Unit, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christine Vesque
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7622, INSERM U1156, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Developmental Biology Unit, 75005 Paris, France
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Galea GL, Maniou E, Edwards TJ, Marshall AR, Ampartzidis I, Greene NDE, Copp AJ. Cell non-autonomy amplifies disruption of neurulation by mosaic Vangl2 deletion in mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1159. [PMID: 33608529 PMCID: PMC7895924 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-zygotic mutations that generate tissue mosaicism are increasingly associated with severe congenital defects, including those arising from failed neural tube closure. Here we report that neural fold elevation during mouse spinal neurulation is vulnerable to deletion of the VANGL planar cell polarity protein 2 (Vangl2) gene in as few as 16% of neuroepithelial cells. Vangl2-deleted cells are typically dispersed throughout the neuroepithelium, and each non-autonomously prevents apical constriction by an average of five Vangl2-replete neighbours. This inhibition of apical constriction involves diminished myosin-II localisation on neighbour cell borders and shortening of basally-extending microtubule tails, which are known to facilitate apical constriction. Vangl2-deleted neuroepithelial cells themselves continue to apically constrict and preferentially recruit myosin-II to their apical cell cortex rather than to apical cap localisations. Such non-autonomous effects can explain how post-zygotic mutations affecting a minority of cells can cause catastrophic failure of morphogenesis leading to clinically important birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel L Galea
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
- Comparative Bioveterinary Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.
| | - Eirini Maniou
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Timothy J Edwards
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Abigail R Marshall
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Ioakeim Ampartzidis
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Nicholas D E Greene
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Andrew J Copp
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Brücker L, Kretschmer V, May-Simera HL. The entangled relationship between cilia and actin. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 129:105877. [PMID: 33166678 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Primary cilia are microtubule-based sensory cell organelles that are vital for tissue and organ development. They act as an antenna, receiving and transducing signals, enabling communication between cells. Defects in ciliogenesis result in severe genetic disorders collectively termed ciliopathies. In recent years, the importance of the direct and indirect involvement of actin regulators in ciliogenesis came into focus as it was shown that F-actin polymerisation impacts ciliation. The ciliary basal body was further identified as both a microtubule and actin organising centre. In the current review, we summarize recent studies on F-actin in and around primary cilia, focusing on different actin regulators and their effect on ciliogenesis, from the initial steps of basal body positioning and regulation of ciliary assembly and disassembly. Since primary cilia are also involved in several intracellular signalling pathways such as planar cell polarity (PCP), subsequently affecting actin rearrangements, the multiple effectors of this pathway are highlighted in more detail with a focus on the feedback loops connecting actin networks and cilia proteins. Finally, we elucidate the role of actin regulators in the development of ciliopathy symptoms and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Brücker
- Cilia Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Viola Kretschmer
- Cilia Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Helen Louise May-Simera
- Cilia Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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Burakov AV, Nadezhdina ES. Centering and Shifting of Centrosomes in Cells. Cells 2020; 9:E1351. [PMID: 32485978 PMCID: PMC7348834 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes have a nonrandom localization in the cells: either they occupy the centroid of the zone free of the actomyosin cortex or they are shifted to the edge of the cell, where their presence is justified from a functional point of view, for example, to organize additional microtubules or primary cilia. This review discusses centrosome placement options in cultured and in situ cells. It has been proven that the central arrangement of centrosomes is due mainly to the pulling microtubules forces developed by dynein located on the cell cortex and intracellular vesicles. The pushing forces from dynamic microtubules and actomyosin also contribute, although the molecular mechanisms of their action have not yet been elucidated. Centrosomal displacement is caused by external cues, depending on signaling, and is drawn through the redistribution of dynein, the asymmetrization of microtubules through the capture of their plus ends, and the redistribution of actomyosin, which, in turn, is associated with basal-apical cell polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton V. Burakov
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Elena S. Nadezhdina
- Institute of Protein Research of Russian Academy of Science, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow Region, Russia
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