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Prosche S, Stappen I. Flower Power: An Overview on Chemistry and Biological Impact of Selected Essential Oils from Blossoms. PLANTA MEDICA 2024; 90:595-626. [PMID: 38843799 DOI: 10.1055/a-2215-2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Natural raw materials such as essential oils have received more and more attention in recent decades, whether in the food industry, as flavorings and preservatives, or as insecticides and insect repellents. They are, furthermore, very popular as fragrances in perfumes, cosmetics, and household products. In addition, aromatherapy is widely used to complement conventional medicine. This review summarizes investigations on the chemical composition and the most important biological impacts of essential oils and volatile compounds extracted from selected aromatic blossoms, including Lavandula angustifolia, Matricaria recutita, Rosa x damascena, Jasminum grandiflorum, Citrus x aurantium, Cananga odorata, and Michelia alba. The literature was collected from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. Blossom essential oils discussed in this work are used in a wide variety of clinical issues. The application is consistently described as safe in studies and meta-analyses, although there are notes that using essential oils can also have side effects, especially dermatologically. However, it can be considered as confirmed that essential oils have positive influences on humans and can improve quality of life in patients with psychiatric disorders, critically ill patients, and patients in other exceptional situations. Although the positive effect of essential oils from blossoms has repeatedly been reported, evidence-based clinical investigations are still underrepresented, and the need for research is demanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinah Prosche
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Iris Stappen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria
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2
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Waris A, Ullah A, Asim M, Ullah R, Rajdoula MR, Bello ST, Alhumaydhi FA. Phytotherapeutic options for the treatment of epilepsy: pharmacology, targets, and mechanism of action. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1403232. [PMID: 38855752 PMCID: PMC11160429 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1403232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common, severe, chronic, potentially life-shortening neurological disorders, characterized by a persisting predisposition to generate seizures. It affects more than 60 million individuals globally, which is one of the major burdens in seizure-related mortality, comorbidities, disabilities, and cost. Different treatment options have been used for the management of epilepsy. More than 30 drugs have been approved by the US FDA against epilepsy. However, one-quarter of epileptic individuals still show resistance to the current medications. About 90% of individuals in low and middle-income countries do not have access to the current medication. In these countries, plant extracts have been used to treat various diseases, including epilepsy. These medicinal plants have high therapeutic value and contain valuable phytochemicals with diverse biomedical applications. Epilepsy is a multifactorial disease, and therefore, multitarget approaches such as plant extracts or extracted phytochemicals are needed, which can target multiple pathways. Numerous plant extracts and phytochemicals have been shown to treat epilepsy in various animal models by targeting various receptors, enzymes, and metabolic pathways. These extracts and phytochemicals could be used for the treatment of epilepsy in humans in the future; however, further research is needed to study the exact mechanism of action, toxicity, and dosage to reduce their side effects. In this narrative review, we comprehensively summarized the extracts of various plant species and purified phytochemicals isolated from plants, their targets and mechanism of action, and dosage used in various animal models against epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Waris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ata Ullah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Muhammad Asim
- Department of Neurosciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health (CRMH), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rafi Ullah
- Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Charsadda, Pakistan
| | - Md. Rafe Rajdoula
- Department of Neurosciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephen Temitayo Bello
- Department of Neurosciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health (CRMH), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fahad A. Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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del Carmen Díaz-Torres R, Yáñez-Barrientos E, Montes-Rocha JÁ, Morales-Tirado DJ, Alba-Betancourt C, Gasca-Martínez D, Gonzalez-Rivera ML, del Carmen Juárez-Vázquez M, Deveze-Álvarez MA, Isiordia-Espinoza MA, Carranza-Álvarez C, Alonso-Castro AJ. Ethnomedicinal Study and Evaluation of the Anxiolytic-like and Diuretic Effects of the Orchid Stanhopea tigrina Bateman ex Lindl-(Orchidaceae). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:588. [PMID: 38794158 PMCID: PMC11124363 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Stanhopea tigrina Bateman ex Lindl. (Orchidaceae) is an orchid endemic to Mexico, known as "Calavera" or "calaverita", in the Huasteca Potosina (central region of Mexico). This plant species is used for the folk treatment of mental disorders and urological kidney disorders, according to the ethnomedicinal information obtained in this study. Ethanolic extracts of leaves (HE) and pseudobulb (PE) were obtained by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to carry out the chemical characterization of HE and PE. The pharmacological effects (antioxidant, diuretic, anxiolytic, locomotor, hypnotic, and sedative) of HE and PE were evaluated. The possible mechanism of action of the anxiolytic-like activity induced by HE was assessed using inhibitors of the GABAergic, adrenergic, and serotonergic systems. The possible mechanism of the diuretic action of HE was assessed using prostaglandin inhibitory antagonists and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) blockers. HE at 50 and 100 mg/kg exerted anxiolytic-like activity without inducing hypnosis or sedation. Flumazenil, prazosin, and ketanserin inhibited the anxiolytic-like activity shown by HE, which suggests the participation of GABA, α1-adrenergic receptors, and 5-HT2 receptors, respectively. The diuretic effect was reversed by the non-selective NOS inhibitor L-NAME, which caused the reduction in nitric oxide (NO). These results demonstrate that the ethanolic extract of S. tigrina leaves exhibited anxiolytic-like activity and diuretic effects without inducing hypnosis or sedation. This work validates the medicinal uses of this orchid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío del Carmen Díaz-Torres
- Multidisciplinary Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luís Potosí 78000, Mexico;
| | - Eunice Yáñez-Barrientos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36200, Mexico; (E.Y.-B.); (D.J.M.-T.)
| | - José Ángel Montes-Rocha
- School of Professional Studies Huasteca Zone, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Ciudad Valles, San Luís Potosí 79059, Mexico;
| | | | - Clara Alba-Betancourt
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36200, Mexico; (C.A.-B.); (M.L.G.-R.); (M.d.C.J.-V.); (M.A.D.-Á.)
| | - Deisy Gasca-Martínez
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Juriquilla 76230, Mexico;
| | - Maria L. Gonzalez-Rivera
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36200, Mexico; (C.A.-B.); (M.L.G.-R.); (M.d.C.J.-V.); (M.A.D.-Á.)
| | - María del Carmen Juárez-Vázquez
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36200, Mexico; (C.A.-B.); (M.L.G.-R.); (M.d.C.J.-V.); (M.A.D.-Á.)
| | - Martha Alicia Deveze-Álvarez
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36200, Mexico; (C.A.-B.); (M.L.G.-R.); (M.d.C.J.-V.); (M.A.D.-Á.)
| | | | - Candy Carranza-Álvarez
- School of Professional Studies Huasteca Zone, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Ciudad Valles, San Luís Potosí 79059, Mexico;
| | - Angel Josabad Alonso-Castro
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36200, Mexico; (C.A.-B.); (M.L.G.-R.); (M.d.C.J.-V.); (M.A.D.-Á.)
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Devinsky O, Jones NA, Cunningham MO, Jayasekera BAP, Devore S, Whalley BJ. Cannabinoid treatments in epilepsy and seizure disorders. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:591-649. [PMID: 37882730 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00049.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis has been used to treat convulsions and other disorders since ancient times. In the last few decades, preclinical animal studies and clinical investigations have established the role of cannabidiol (CBD) in treating epilepsy and seizures and support potential therapeutic benefits for cannabinoids in other neurological and psychiatric disorders. Here, we comprehensively review the role of cannabinoids in epilepsy. We briefly review the diverse physiological processes mediating the central nervous system response to cannabinoids, including Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), cannabidiol, and terpenes. Next, we characterize the anti- and proconvulsive effects of cannabinoids from animal studies of acute seizures and chronic epileptogenesis. We then review the clinical literature on using cannabinoids to treat epilepsy, including anecdotal evidence and case studies as well as the more recent randomized controlled clinical trials that led to US Food and Drug Administration approval of CBD for some types of epilepsy. Overall, we seek to evaluate our current understanding of cannabinoids in epilepsy and focus future research on unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orrin Devinsky
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | | | - Mark O Cunningham
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Ashan P Jayasekera
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sasha Devore
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
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Rosa ÉVF, Da Silveira AR, Sari MHM, Sampaio TB, Dos Santos JT, Müller SG, Fighera MR, Royes LFF, Nogueira CW, Oliveira MS, Furian AF. Beta-caryophyllene mitigates the cognitive impairment caused by repeated exposure to aspartame in rats: Putative role of BDNF-TrKB signaling pathway and acetylcholinesterase activity. Behav Brain Res 2023; 453:114615. [PMID: 37558167 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Aspartame (ASP) is a common sweetener, but studies show it can harm the nervous system, causing learning and memory deficits. β-caryophyllene (BCP), a natural compound found in foods, including bread, coffee, alcoholic beverages, and spices, has already described as a neuroprotector agent. Remarkably, ASP and BCP are commonly consumed, including in the same meal. Therefore, considering that (a) the BCP displays plenty of beneficial effects; (b) the ASP toxicity; and (c) that they can be consumed in the same meal, this study sought to investigate if the BCP would mitigate the memory impairment induced by ASP in rats and investigate the involvement of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/ tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrKB) signaling pathway and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Young male Wistar rats received ASP (75 mg/kg; i.g.) and/or BCP (100 mg/kg; i.p.) once daily, for 14 days. At the end of the treatment, the animals were evaluated in the open field and object recognition tests. The cerebral cortex and hippocampus samples were collected for biochemical and molecular analyses. Results showed that the BCP effectively protected against the cognitive damage caused by ASP in short and long-term memories. In addition, BCP mitigated the increase in AChE activity caused by ASP. Molecular insights revealed augmented BDNF and TrKB levels in the hippocampus of rats treated with BCP, indicating greater activation of this pathway. In conclusion, BCP protected against ASP-induced memory impairment. AChE activity and the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway seem to be potential targets of BCP modulatory role in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Rosa Da Silveira
- Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Tuane Bazanella Sampaio
- Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Sabrina Grendene Müller
- Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Michele Rechia Fighera
- Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Freire Royes
- Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristina Wayne Nogueira
- Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Flávia Furian
- Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Raus de Baviera D, Ruiz-Canales A, Barrajón-Catalán E. Cistus albidus L.-Review of a Traditional Mediterranean Medicinal Plant with Pharmacological Potential. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2988. [PMID: 37631199 PMCID: PMC10458491 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Cistus albidus L. (Cistaceae) is a medicinal plant that has been used therapeutically since ancient times in the Mediterranean basin for its important pharmacological properties. The ability of C. albidus to produce large quantities of a wide range of natural metabolites makes it an attractive source of raw material. The main constituents with bioactive functions that exert pharmacological effects are terpenes and polyphenols, with more than 200 identified compounds. The purpose of this review is to offer a detailed account of the botanical, ethnological, phytochemical, and pharmacological characteristics of C. albidus with the aim of encouraging additional pharmaceutical investigations into the potential therapeutic benefits of this medicinal plant. This review was carried out using organized searches of the available literature up to July 2023. A detailed analysis of C. albidus confirms its traditional use as a medicinal plant. The outcome of several studies suggests a deeper involvement of certain polyphenols and terpenes in multiple mechanisms such as inflammation and pain, with a potential application focus on neurodegenerative diseases and disorders. Other diseases such as prostate cancer and leukemia have already been researched with promising results for this plant, for which no intoxication has been reported in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Raus de Baviera
- Department of Engineering, Area of Agroforestry, Miguel Hernández University, 03312 Orihuela, Spain; (D.R.d.B.); (A.R.-C.)
| | - Antonio Ruiz-Canales
- Department of Engineering, Area of Agroforestry, Miguel Hernández University, 03312 Orihuela, Spain; (D.R.d.B.); (A.R.-C.)
| | - Enrique Barrajón-Catalán
- Institute for Research, Development and Innovation in Health Biotechnology, Miguel Hernández University, 03202 Elche, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy, Elche University Hospital-FISABIO, 03203 Elche, Spain
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Malaník M, Čulenová M, Sychrová A, Skiba A, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Šmejkal K. Treating Epilepsy with Natural Products: Nonsense or Possibility? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1061. [PMID: 37630977 PMCID: PMC10459181 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disease characterized by recurrent seizures that can lead to uncontrollable muscle twitching, changes in sensitivity to sensory perceptions, and disorders of consciousness. Although modern medicine has effective antiepileptic drugs, the need for accessible and cost-effective medication is urgent, and products derived from plants could offer a solution. For this review, we have focused on natural compounds that have shown anticonvulsant activity in in vivo models of epilepsy at relevant doses. In some cases, the effects have been confirmed by clinical data. The results of our search are summarized in tables according to their molecular targets. We have critically evaluated the data we present, identified the most promising therapeutic candidates, and discussed these in the text. Their perspectives are supported by both pharmacokinetic properties and potential interactions. This review is intended to serve as a basis for future research into epilepsy and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Malaník
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého 1946/1, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (K.Š.)
| | - Marie Čulenová
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého 1946/1, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (K.Š.)
| | - Alice Sychrová
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého 1946/1, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (K.Š.)
| | - Adrianna Skiba
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.S.); (K.S.-W.)
| | - Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.S.); (K.S.-W.)
| | - Karel Šmejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého 1946/1, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (K.Š.)
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Aguiar AFL, Campos RMP, Isaac AR, Paes-Colli Y, Carvalho VM, Sampaio LS, de Melo Reis RA. Long-Term Treatment with Cannabidiol-Enriched Cannabis Extract Induces Synaptic Changes in the Adolescent Rat Hippocampus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11775. [PMID: 37511537 PMCID: PMC10380262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (eCS) is widely distributed in mammalian tissues and it is classically formed by cannabinoid receptors, endogenous bioactive lipids and its synthesis and degradation enzymes. Due to the modulatory role of eCS in synaptic activity in the Central Nervous System (CNS), phytocannabinoids have been increasingly used for the treatment of neurological disorders, even though little is known in terms of the long-term effect of these treatments on CNS development, mainly in the timeframe that comprises childhood and adolescence. Furthermore, an increased number of clinical trials using full-spectrum Cannabis extracts has been seen, rather than the isolated form of phytocannabinoids, when exploring the therapeutical benefits of the Cannabis plant. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the effect of cannabidiol (CBD)-enriched Cannabis extract on synaptic components in the hippocampus of rats from adolescence to early adulthood (postnatal day 45 to 60). Oral treatment of healthy male Wistar rats with a CBD-enriched Cannabis extract (3 mg/kg/day CBD) during 15 days did not affect food intake and water balance. There was also no negative impact on locomotor behaviour and cognitive performance. However, the hippocampal protein levels of GluA1 and GFAP were reduced in animals treated with the extract, whilst PSD95 levels were increased, which suggests rearrangement of glutamatergic synapses and modulation of astrocytic features. Microglial complexity was reduced in CA1 and CA3 regions, but no alterations in their phagocytic activity have been identified by Iba-1 and LAMP2 co-localization. Collectively, our data suggest that CBD-enriched Cannabis treatment may be safe and well-tolerated in healthy subjects, besides acting as a neuroprotective agent against hippocampal alterations related to the pathogenesis of excitatory and astrogliosis-mediated disorders in CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey F L Aguiar
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941902, Brazil
| | - Raquel M P Campos
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941902, Brazil
| | - Alinny R Isaac
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941902, Brazil
| | - Yolanda Paes-Colli
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941902, Brazil
| | - Virgínia M Carvalho
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941902, Brazil
| | - Luzia S Sampaio
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941902, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A de Melo Reis
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941902, Brazil
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Cruz JN, Oliveira MSD, Cascaes M, Mali SN, Tambe S, Santos CBRD, Zoghbi MDGB, Andrade EHDA. Variation in the Chemical Composition of Endemic Specimens of Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig from the Amazon and In Silico Investigation of the ADME/Tox Properties of the Major Compounds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2626. [PMID: 37514241 PMCID: PMC10384162 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Four species of the genus Hedychium can be found in Brazil. Hedychium coronarium is a species endemic to India and Brazil. In this paper, we collected six specimens of H. coronarium for evaluation of their volatile chemical profiles. For this, the essential oils of these specimens were extracted using hydrodistillation from plant samples collected in the state of Pará, Brazil, belonging to the Amazon region in the north of the country. Substance compounds were identified with GC/MS. The most abundant constituent identified in the rhizome and root oils was 1,8-cineole (rhizome: 35.0-66.1%; root: 19.6-20.8%). Leaf blade oil was rich in β-pinene (31.6%) and (E)-caryophyllene (31.6%). The results from this paper allow for greater knowledge about the volatile chemical profile of H. coronarium specimens, in addition to disseminating knowledge about the volatile compounds present in plant species in the Amazon region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorddy Neves Cruz
- Adolpho Ducke Laboratory, Botany Coordination, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Cascaes
- Adolpho Ducke Laboratory, Botany Coordination, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil
| | - Suraj N Mali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Main Campus at Mumbai, Deemed University, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Mumbai 400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Srushti Tambe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Main Campus at Mumbai, Deemed University, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Mumbai 400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Cleydson Breno Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, Amapá, Brazil
| | | | - Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade
- Adolpho Ducke Laboratory, Botany Coordination, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil
- Faculty of Chemistry, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, Belém 66075-750, Pará, Brazil
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Alonso C, Satta V, Hernández-Fisac I, Fernández-Ruiz J, Sagredo O. Disease-modifying effects of cannabidiol, β-caryophyllene and their combination in Syn1-Cre/Scn1a WT/A1783V mice, a preclinical model of Dravet syndrome. Neuropharmacology 2023:109602. [PMID: 37290534 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) has been recently approved as an antiseizure agent in Dravet Syndrome (DS), a pediatric epileptic encephalopathy, but CBD could also be active against associated comorbidities. Such associated comorbidities were also attenuated by the sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene (BCP). Here, we have compared the efficacy of both compounds and further initiated the analysis of a possible additive effect between both compounds in relation with these comorbidities using two experimental approaches. The first experiment was aimed at comparing the benefits of CBD and BCP, including their combination in conditional knock-in Scn1a-A1783V mice, an experimental model of DS, treated since the postnatal day 10th to 24th. As expected, DS mice showed impairment in limb clasping, delay in the appearance of hindlimb grasp reflex and additional behavioural disturbances (e.g., hyperactivity, cognitive deterioration, social interaction deficits). This behavioural impairment was associated with marked astroglial and microglial reactivities in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampal dentate gyrus. BCP and CBD administered alone were both able to partially attenuate the behavioural disturbances and the glial reactivities, with apparently greater efficacy against glial reactivities obtained with BCP, whereas superior effects in a few specific parameters were obtained when both compounds were combined. In the second experiment, we investigated this additive effect in cultured BV2 cells treated with BCP and/or CBD and stimulated with LPS. As expected, addition of LPS induced a marked increase in several inflammation-related markers (e.g., TLR4, COX-2, iNOS, catalase, TNF-α, IL-1β), as well as elevated Iba-1 immunostaining. Treatment with BCP or CBD attenuated these elevations, but, again and in general, superior results were obtained when both cannabinoids were combined. In conclusion, our results support the interest to continue investigating the combination of BCP and CBD to improve the therapeutic management of DS in relation with their disease-modifying properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Alonso
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentina Satta
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Hernández-Fisac
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández-Ruiz
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Onintza Sagredo
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Grabon W, Rheims S, Smith J, Bodennec J, Belmeguenai A, Bezin L. CB2 receptor in the CNS: from immune and neuronal modulation to behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 150:105226. [PMID: 37164044 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite low levels of cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2R) expression in the central nervous system in human and rodents, a growing body of evidence shows CB2R involvement in many processes at the behavioral level, through both immune and neuronal modulations. Recent in vitro and in vivo evidence have highlighted the complex role of CB2R under physiological and inflammatory conditions. Under neuroinflammatory states, its activation seems to protect the brain and its functions, making it a promising target in a wide range of neurological disorders. Here, we provide a complete and updated overview of CB2R function in the central nervous system of rodents, spanning from modulation of immune function in microglia but also in other cell types, to behavior and neuronal activity, in both physiological and neuroinflammatory contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda Grabon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, U10208 UMR5292, TIGER Team - F-69500 Bron, France; Epilepsy Institute IDEE, 59 boulevard Pinel - F-69500 Bron, France.
| | - Sylvain Rheims
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, U10208 UMR5292, TIGER Team - F-69500 Bron, France; Epilepsy Institute IDEE, 59 boulevard Pinel - F-69500 Bron, France; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Hospices Civils de Lyon - France
| | - Jonathon Smith
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, U10208 UMR5292, TIGER Team - F-69500 Bron, France; Epilepsy Institute IDEE, 59 boulevard Pinel - F-69500 Bron, France
| | - Jacques Bodennec
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, U10208 UMR5292, TIGER Team - F-69500 Bron, France; Epilepsy Institute IDEE, 59 boulevard Pinel - F-69500 Bron, France
| | - Amor Belmeguenai
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, U10208 UMR5292, TIGER Team - F-69500 Bron, France; Epilepsy Institute IDEE, 59 boulevard Pinel - F-69500 Bron, France
| | - Laurent Bezin
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, U10208 UMR5292, TIGER Team - F-69500 Bron, France.
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Braga ACM, Souto NS, Cabral FL, Dassi M, Rosa ÉVF, Guarda NDS, Royes LFF, Fighera MR, Moresco RN, Oliveira MS, Sari MHM, Furian AF. Intermittent Exposure to Aflatoxin B1 Did Not Affect Neurobehavioral Parameters and Biochemical Markers of Oxidative Stress. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030386. [PMID: 36979196 PMCID: PMC10046455 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most common toxic mycotoxin that contaminates food. The treatment of its intoxication and the management of contaminations are a constant subject of health agendas worldwide. However, such efforts are not always enough to avoid population intoxication. Our objective was to investigate whether intermittent exposure to AFB1 would cause any impairment in biochemical and behavioral parameters, intending to simulate an irregular consumption. Male Wistar rats received four AFB1 administrations (250 μg/kg) by intragastric route separated by a 96-h interval. Toxicity was evaluated using behavioral tests (open field, object recognition, nest construction, marble burying, and splash test), biochemical markers of oxidative stress (cerebral cortex, hippocampus, liver, and kidneys), and plasma parameters of hepatic and renal functions. The intermittent exposure caused no modification in body weight gain as well as in organ weight. Both control and AFB1 groups presented similar profiles of behavior to all tests performed. Furthermore, AFB1 administrations alter neither antioxidant defenses nor markers of oxidation in all assayed tissues and in the plasma markers of hepatic and renal functions. Therefore, AFB1 intermittent administration did not cause its common damage from exposure to this toxicant, which must be avoided, and additional studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Claudia Monteiro Braga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Naieli Schiefelbein Souto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Licker Cabral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Micheli Dassi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Érica Vanessa Furlan Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Naiara dos Santos Guarda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Freire Royes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Michele Rechia Fighera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Noal Moresco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Mauro Schneider Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Marcel Henrique Marcondes Sari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Furian
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-55-3220-8254
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13
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Schoss K, Kočevar Glavač N, Kreft S. Volatile Compounds in Norway Spruce ( Picea abies) Significantly Vary with Season. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:188. [PMID: 36616317 PMCID: PMC9824094 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Norway spruce (Picea abies) is one of the most important commercial conifer species naturally distributed in Europe. In this paper, the composition and abundance of essential oil and hydrosol from the needles and branches of P. abies were investigated with an additional evaluation of changes related to different times of the year, annual shoots and branches, and differences in composition under different microenvironments. Essential oils and hydrosols obtained via hydrodistillation were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), where 246 compounds in essential oil and 53 in hydrosols were identified. The relative amounts of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and diterpenes in essential oil changed significantly during the year, with the highest peak of monoterpenes observed in April (72%), the highest abundance of sesquiterpenes observed in August (21%), and the highest abundance of diterpenes observed in June (27%). The individual compound with the highest variation was manool, with variation from 1.5% (April) to 18.7% (June). Our results also indicate that the essential oil with the lowest allergenic potential (lowest quantity of limonene and linalool) was obtained in late spring or summer. Location had no significant influence on composition, while the method of collection for distillation (whole branch or annual shoots) had a minor influence on the composition. All nine main compounds identified in the hydrosol samples were oxygenated monoterpenes. The composition of P. abies hydrosol was also significantly affected by season. The method of preparing the branches for distillation did not affect the composition of P. abies hydrosol, while the location had a minor effect on composition.
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Birhan YS. Medicinal plants utilized in the management of epilepsy in Ethiopia: ethnobotany, pharmacology and phytochemistry. Chin Med 2022; 17:129. [PMCID: PMC9675240 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00686-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common central nervous system (CNS) disorder that affects 50 million people worldwide. Patients with status epilepticus (SE) suffer from devastating comorbidities and a high incidence of mortalities. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are the mainstream treatment options for the symptomatic relief of epilepsy. The incidence of refractory epilepsy and the dose-dependent neurotoxicity of AEDs such as fatigue, cognitive impairment, dizziness, attention-deficit behavior, and other side effects are the major bottlenecks in epilepsy treatment. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), epilepsy patients failed to adhere to the AEDs regimens and consider other options such as complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) to relieve pain due to status epilepticus (SE). Plant-based CAMs are widely employed for the treatment of epilepsy across the globe including Ethiopia. The current review documented around 96 plant species (PS) that are often used for the treatment of epilepsy in Ethiopia. It also described the in vivo anticonvulsant activities and toxicity profiles of the antiepileptic medicinal plants (MPs). Moreover, the phytochemical constituents of MPs with profound anticonvulsant effects were also assessed. The result reiterated that a lot has to be done to show the association between herbal-based epilepsy treatment and in vivo pharmacological activities of MPs regarding their mechanism of action (MOA), toxicity profiles, and bioactive constituents so that they can advance into the clinics and serve as a treatment option for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihenew Simegniew Birhan
- grid.449044.90000 0004 0480 6730Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
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Choudhary N, Tewari D, Nabavi SF, Kashani HRK, Lorigooini Z, Filosa R, Khan FB, Masoudian N, Nabavi SM. Plant based food bioactives: A boon or bane for neurological disorders. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3279-3325. [PMID: 36369694 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2131729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are the foremost occurring diseases across the globe resulting in progressive dysfunction, loss of neuronal structure ultimately cell death. Therefore, attention has been drawn toward the natural resources for the search of neuroprotective agents. Plant-based food bioactives have emerged as potential neuroprotective agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. This comprehensive review primarily focuses on various plant food bioactive, mechanisms, therapeutic targets, in vitro and in vivo studies in the treatment of neurological disorders to explore whether they are boon or bane for neurological disorders. In addition, the clinical perspective of plant food bioactives in neurological disorders are also highlighted. Scientific evidences point toward the enormous therapeutic efficacy of plant food bioactives in the prevention or treatment of neurological disorders. Nevertheless, identification of food bioactive components accountable for the neuroprotective effects, mechanism, clinical trials, and consolidation of information flow are warranted. Plant food bioactives primarily act by mediating through various pathways including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, excitotoxicity, specific proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reversing neurodegeneration and can be used for the prevention and therapy of neurodegenerative disorders. In conclusion, the plant based food bioactives are boon for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Choudhary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Adesh Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Adesh University, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Advanced Medical Pharma (AMP-Biotec), Biopharmaceutical Innovation Centre Via Cortenocera, 82030, San Salvatore Telesino, (BN), Italy
- Nutringredientes Research Center, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFCE), Baturite, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Lorigooini
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Rosanna Filosa
- Advanced Medical Pharma (AMP-Biotec), Biopharmaceutical Innovation Centre Via Cortenocera, 82030, San Salvatore Telesino, (BN), Italy
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Farheen Badrealam Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551 United Arab Emirates
| | - Nooshin Masoudian
- Advanced Medical Pharma (AMP-Biotec), Biopharmaceutical Innovation Centre Via Cortenocera, 82030, San Salvatore Telesino, (BN), Italy
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Advanced Medical Pharma (AMP-Biotec), Biopharmaceutical Innovation Centre Via Cortenocera, 82030, San Salvatore Telesino, (BN), Italy
- Nutringredientes Research Center, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFCE), Baturite, Ceara, Brazil
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Shahid M, Law D, Azfaralariff A, Mackeen MM, Chong TF, Fazry S. Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Garcinia atroviridis: A Critical Review. TOXICS 2022; 10:656. [PMID: 36355947 PMCID: PMC9692539 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Garcinia atriviridis Griff ex T. Anders (G. atroviridis) is one of the well-known species of the genus Garicinia that is native to Thailand, Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, and India. G. atroviridis is a perennial medium-sized tree that has a wide range of values, from food to medicinal use. Different parts of G. atroviridis are a great source of bioactive substances that have a positive impact on health. The extracts or bioactive constituents from G. atroviridis have demonstrated various therapeutic functions, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, and anti-diabetic. In this paper, we provide a critical review of G. atroviridis and its bioactive constituents in the prevention and treatment of different diseases, which will provide new insight to explore its putative domains of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Douglas Law
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Inti International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN Putra Nilai, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Azfaralariff
- Green Biopolymer, Coating and Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia
| | - Mukram M. Mackeen
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Teek Foh Chong
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Inti International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN Putra Nilai, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Shazrul Fazry
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
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Qin Y, Chen X, Wang L, Wei X, Mo H, Wei X, Liang J. Measurement and correlation of isothermal vapor-liquid equilibrium for (−)-β-caryophyllene + p-cymene with dehydroabietic acid at 313.15, 323.15, and 333.15K. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Parvizi F, Mehrabi S, Naghizadeh A, Kamalinejad M, Goudarzi S, Farahmandfar M. Comparison of intranasal and intraperitoneal administration of Eugenia caryophyllata (clove) essential oil on spatial memory, anxiety-like behavior and locomotor activity in a pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus rat model. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022. [PMCID: PMC9426212 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Epilepsy induces behavioral effects and histological changes in the hippocampus. Eugenol, the main component of clove essential oil, has modulatory effects on seizure. We aimed to investigate the effect of intraperitoneal (IP) and intranasal (IN) clove essential oil on cognitive and histological changes during the chronic phase of temporal lope epilepsy.
Methods
Male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups of seven including control, pilocarpine (PLC), clove oil (IP and IN), sesame oil (IP and IN), phenobarbital (positive control) and saline. Rats were injected with 350 mg/kg PLC to induce status epilepticus (SE). We evaluated the effects of 14 days IP (0.1 ml/kg) and IN (0.02 ml/kg) administration of clove essential oil on locomotor/explorative activity, anxiety-like behavior, spatial recognition memory, and hyperexcitability, as well as hippocampal cell survival in PLC-treated rats.
Results
Our findings indicated that clove oil could effectively ameliorate PLC-induced behavioral deficits, and also alleviate neuronal death in the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) region of the hippocampus. Behavioral results as in the Y-maze, Open field and elevated plus maze featured significant differences between control and treated groups. Post-seizure behavioral battery (PBSS) results explicated that behavioral hyperexcitability were less in clove oil groups (both IN and IP) compared to PLC-treated rats. Moreover, results of this study demonstrated that IN administration of clove oil was more potent in alleviating behavioral impairment at a lower dosage than by IP route. The results of this study, also demonstrated that intranasal administration of clove oil could reduce duration of recurrent seizures.
Conclusion
In summary, clove oil treatment ameliorated histopathological and behavioral consequences of PLC-induced SE.
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Araújo Delmondes GD, Pereira Lopes MJ, Araújo IM, de Sousa Borges A, Batista PR, Melo Coutinho HD, Alencar de Menezes IR, Barbosa-Filho JM, Bezerra Felipe CF, Kerntopf MR. Possible mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective effect of Trans,trans-farnesol on pilocarpine-induced seizures in mice. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 365:110059. [PMID: 35931201 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate, through in vivo and in vitro methodologies, the effect of acute trans,trans-farnesol (12.5, 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg, p.o.) administration on behavioral and neurochemical parameters associated with pilocarpine-induced epileptic seizure (300 mg/kg, i.p.) in mice. The initial results showed that the compound in question presents no anxiolytic-like or myorelaxant effects, despite reducing locomotor activity in the animals at all doses tested. In addition, the lowest dose increased the latency to onset of the first epileptic seizure, and the time to death. In addition to decreasing the mortality percentage in mice submitted to the pilocarpine model. In this same model, pretreatment with the lowest dose of the compound decreased the hippocampal concentrations of thiobarbituric acid and nitrite, and partially restored striatal concentrations of noradrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin. Taken together, the results suggest that trans,trans-farnesol presents a central depressant effect which contributes to its antiepileptic action which, in turn, seems to be mediated by the antagonism of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, reduction of oxidative stress. and modulation of noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin concentrations in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyllyandeson de Araújo Delmondes
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil; Natural Products Pharmacology Laboratory, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil.
| | | | - Isaac Moura Araújo
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Alex de Sousa Borges
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Batista
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Marta Regina Kerntopf
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil; Natural Products Pharmacology Laboratory, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
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Phytochemical Profile and Herbicidal (Phytotoxic), Antioxidants Potential of Essential Oils from Calycolpus goetheanus (Myrtaceae) Specimens, and in Silico Study. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154678. [PMID: 35897853 PMCID: PMC9331371 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oil (EO) of Calycolpus goetheanus (Myrtaceae) specimens (A, B, and C) were obtained through hydrodistillation. The analysis of the chemical composition of the EOs was by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry CG-MS, and gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector CG-FID. The phytotoxic activity of those EOs was evaluated against two weed species from common pasture areas in the Amazon region: Mimosa pudica L. and Senna obtusifolia (L.) The antioxidant capacity of the EOs was determined by (DPPH•) and (ABTS•+). Using molecular docking, we evaluated the interaction mode of the major EO compounds with the molecular binding protein 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD). The EO of specimen A was characterized by β-eudesmol (22.83%), (E)-caryophyllene (14.61%), and γ-eudesmol (13.87%), while compounds 1,8-cineole (8.64%), (E)-caryophyllene (5.86%), δ-cadinene (5.78%), and palustrol (4.97%) characterize the chemical profile of specimen B’s EOs, and specimen C had α-cadinol (9.03%), δ-cadinene (8.01%), and (E)-caryophyllene (6.74%) as the majority. The phytotoxic potential of the EOs was observed in the receptor species M. pudica with percentages of inhibition of 30%, and 33.33% for specimens B and C, respectively. The EOs’ antioxidant in DPPH• was 0.79 ± 0.08 and 0.83 ± 0.02 mM for specimens A and B, respectively. In the TEAC, was 0.07 ± 0.02 mM for specimen A and 0.12 ± 0.06 mM for specimen B. In the results of the in silico study, we observed that the van der Waals and hydrophobic interactions of the alkyl and pi-alkyl types were the main interactions responsible for the formation of the receptor–ligand complex.
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dos Santos Sales V, Cabral FR, do Nascimento Sales EP, Carvalho TB, Costa MHN, de Oliveira VAP, de Souza Rodrigues CK, de Figueirêdo FRSDN, Bezerra DS, de Araújo Delmondes G, Coutinho HDM, Costa JGMD, Menezes IRAD, Felipe CFB, Kerntopf MR. Central depressant effects of Piper tuberculatum Jacq essential oil in mice. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Younis NS. β-Caryophyllene Ameliorates Cyclophosphamide Induced Cardiac Injury: The Association of TLR4/NFκB and Nrf2/HO1/NQO1 Pathways. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9050133. [PMID: 35621844 PMCID: PMC9145742 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9050133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: β-caryophyllene (BCP), a natural sesquiterpene, is extensively present in the essential oils of several plants. Cyclophosphamide (CYC) is an anticancer drug. However, its clinical usage is inadequate due to its cardiotoxicity. The aim of this study was to study the effects of BCP on cardiac injury induced by CYC exposure, and to identify the underlying mechanism of action. Methods: Five groups of Wistar rats were allocated. Group I (Normal), II (BCP), and III (CYC) acted as controls. Group IV, V (CYC + BCP) received BCP in two doses (100 and 200 mg/kg, orally, respectively) for 14 days after CYC challenge. CYC groups received 200 mg/kg, i.p. of the drug once on the first day of experiments. Results: CYC group displayed numerous ECG and histological irregularities and cardiac markers elevation. CYC induced lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress intensification, as well as inflammatory and apoptotic markers escalation. Treatment with BCP resulted in modified ECG traces and histological sections. BCP mitigated cardiac markers and lipid peroxidation whereas intensified antioxidant capacity. BCP activated Nrf2, with subsequent HO1 and NQO1 amplification. BCP diminished TLR4/NFκB pathway, which consequently lessened the inflammatory and apoptosis responses. Conclusion: BCP administration was associated with activated Nrf2/HO1/NQO1 and inhibited TLR4/NFκB pathways with subsequent enhanced anti-oxidative capacity and diminished inflammatory and apoptosis responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy S Younis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Biological activities of extract-loaded nanocarriers: A comparison of aerial part, seed, and rhizome of Phlomoides labiosa. Eur J Integr Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2022.102135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Carvalho VM, de Almeida FG, de Macêdo Vieira AC, Rocha ED, Cabral LM, Strongin RM. Chemical profiling of Cannabis varieties cultivated for medical purposes in southeastern Brazil. Forensic Sci Int 2022; 335:111309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Mallmann MP, Mello FK, Neuberger B, Sobral KG, Fighera MR, Royes LFF, Furian AF, Oliveira MS. Beta-caryophyllene attenuates short-term recurrent seizure activity and blood-brain-barrier breakdown after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in rats. Brain Res 2022; 1784:147883. [PMID: 35300975 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological life-threatening condition, resulting from the failure of the mechanisms responsible for seizure termination. SE is often pharmacoresistant and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Hence, ceasing or attenuating SE and its consequences is of fundamental importance. Beta-caryophyllene is a functional CB2 receptor agonist and exhibit a good safety profile. Besides, it displays beneficial effects in several experimental conditions, including neuroprotective activity. In the present study we aimed to investigate the effects of beta-caryophyllene on pilocarpine-induced SE. METHODS Wistar rats were submitted to pilocarpine-induced SE and monitored for 24 hours by video and EEG for short-term recurrence of seizure activity (i.e. seizures occurring within 24 hours after termination of SE). Rats received beta-caryophyllene (100 mg/kg, ip) at 1, 8- and 16-hours after SE. Twenty-four hours after SE we evaluated sensorimotor response, neuronal damage (fluoro jade C staining) and serum albumin infiltration into brain parenchyma. RESULTS Beta-caryophyllene-treated animals presented fewer short-term recurrent seizures than vehicle-treated counterparts, suggesting an anticonvulsant effect after SE. Behavioral recovery from SE and the number of fluoro jade C positive cells in the hippocampus and thalamus were not modified by beta-caryophyllene. Treatment with beta-caryophyllene attenuated the SE-induced increase of albumin immunoreactivity in the hippocampus, indicating a protective effect against blood-brain-barrier breakdown. CONCLUSIONS Given the inherent difficulties in the treatment of SE and its consequences, present results suggest that beta-caryophyllene deserve further investigation as an adjuvant therapeutic strategy for SE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruna Neuberger
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | - Karine Gabriela Sobral
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | - Michele Rechia Fighera
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Fernando Freire Royes
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | - Ana Flávia Furian
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil; Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
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da Costa Sobral KG, Neuberger B, Mello FK, Mallmann MP, Sampaio TB, Oliveira MS. Anticonvulsant activity of β-caryophyllene in association with pregabalin in a seizure model in rats. Epilepsy Res 2022; 179:106842. [PMID: 34942451 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2021.106842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disease. The hallmark of epilepsy is recurrent, unprovoked seizures. Unfortunately, drug resistance is frequent in patients with epilepsy, and therefore improved therapeutic strategies are needed. In the present study, we tested the effect of pregabalin in association with beta-caryophyllene, an FDA-approved food additive and naturally occurring agonist of cannabinoid receptor subtype 2 against pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures in rats. In addition, selected neurochemical parameters were evaluated in the cerebral cortex. Adult male Wistar rats received beta-caryophyllene (100 mg/kg), pregabalin (40 mg/kg) or their combination before PTZ (60 mg/kg). Appropriated vehicle-treated control groups were included for each treatment. Animals were monitored by video-EEG and the latency to myoclonic seizures, latency to tonic-clonic seizures, tonic-clonic seizure duration and overall seizure score were measured. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) release, erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2), c-fos and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels were evaluated in the frontal cortex. We found that beta-caryophyllene plus pregabalin increased the latency to PTZ-induced myoclonic and tonic-clonic seizures and decreased the tonic-clonic seizure duration and overall seizure score. Interestingly, lower levels of GFAP, c-Fos and 3-NT were observed in animals receiving beta-caryophyllene and pregabalin treatments. Our results suggest a possible synergic effect of beta-caryophyllene plus pregabalin against PTZ induced-seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruna Neuberger
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
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Alonso C, Satta V, Díez-Gutiérrez P, Fernández-Ruiz J, Sagredo O. Preclinical investigation of β-caryophyllene as a therapeutic agent in an experimental murine model of Dravet syndrome. Neuropharmacology 2021; 205:108914. [PMID: 34875285 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Dravet Syndrome (DS) is caused by mutations in the Scn1a gene encoding the α1 subunit of the sodium channel Nav1.1, which results in febrile seizures that progress to severe tonic-clonic seizures and associated comorbidities. Treatment with cannabidiol has been approved for the management of seizures in DS patients, but it appears to be also active against associated comorbidities. In this new study, we have investigated β-caryophyllene (BCP), a cannabinoid with terpene structure that appears to also have a broad-spectrum profile, as a useful therapy against both seizuring activity and progression of associated comorbidities. This has been studied in heterozygous conditional knock-in mice carrying a missense mutation (A1783V) in Scn1a gene expressed exclusively in neurons of the Central Nervous System (Syn-Cre/Scn1aWT/A1783V), using two experimental approaches. In the first approach, an acute treatment with BCP was effective against seizuring activity induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in wildtype (Scn1aWT/WT) and also in Syn-Cre/Scn1aWT/A1783V mice, with these last animals having a greater susceptibility to PTZ. Such benefits were paralleled by a BCP-induced reduction in PTZ-induced reactive astrogliosis (labelled with GFAP) and microgliosis (labelled with Iba-1) in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampal dentate gyrus, which were visible in both wildtype (Scn1aWT/WT) and Syn-Cre/Scn1aWT/A1783V mice. In the second approach, both genotypes were treated repeatedly with BCP to investigate its effects on several DS comorbidities. Thus, BCP corrected important behavioural abnormalities of Syn-Cre/Scn1aWT/A1783V mice (e.g. delayed appearance of hindlimb grasp reflex, induction of clasping response, motor hyperactivity, altered social interaction and memory impairment), attenuated weight loss, and slightly delayed premature mortality. Again, these benefits were paralleled by a BCP-induced reduction in reactive astrogliosis and microgliosis in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampal dentate gyrus typical of Syn-Cre/Scn1aWT/A1783V mice. In conclusion, BCP was active in Syn-Cre/Scn1aWT/A1783V mice against seizuring activity (acute treatment) and against several comorbidities (repeated treatment), in both cases in association with its capability to reduce glial reactivity in areas related to these behavioural abnormalities. This situates BCP in a promising position for further preclinical evaluation towards a close translation to DS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Alonso
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentina Satta
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Díez-Gutiérrez
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández-Ruiz
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Onintza Sagredo
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
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Antiseizure Effects of Fully Characterized Non-Psychoactive Cannabis sativa L. Extracts in the Repeated 6-Hz Corneal Stimulation Test. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121259. [PMID: 34959660 PMCID: PMC8703309 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Compounds present in Cannabis sativa L. preparations have recently attracted much attention in the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy. Here, we screened two olive oil extracts from a non-psychoactive C. sativa variety, fully characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. Particularly, hemp oils with different concentrations of terpenes were administered at the same dose of cannabidiol (25 mg/kg/day orally), 1 h before the 6-Hz corneal stimulation test (44 mA). Mice were stimulated once a day for 5 days and evaluated by video-electrocorticographic recordings and behavioral analysis. Neuronal activation was assessed by FosB/ΔFosB immunoreactivity. Both oils significantly reduced the percentage of mice experiencing convulsive seizures in comparison to olive oil-treated mice (p < 0.050; Fisher’s exact test), but only the oil enriched with terpenes (K2) significantly accelerated full recovery from the seizure. These effects occurred in the presence of reduced power of delta rhythm, and, instead, increased power of theta rhythm, along with a lower FosB/ΔFosB expression in the subiculum (p < 0.050; Duncan’s method). The overall findings suggest that both cannabinoids and terpenes in oil extracts should be considered as potential therapeutic agents against epileptic seizures and epilepsy.
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Da Silveira AR, Rosa ÉVF, Sari MHM, Sampaio TB, Dos Santos JT, Jardim NS, Müller SG, Oliveira MS, Nogueira CW, Furian AF. Therapeutic potential of beta-caryophyllene against aflatoxin B1-Induced liver toxicity: biochemical and molecular insights in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 348:109635. [PMID: 34506763 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mycotoxin highly toxic and carcinogenic to humans due to its potential to induce oxidative stress. The Beta-caryophyllene (BCP) have been highlighted for its broad spectrum of pharmacological effects. The present study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of BCP against the susceptibility of hepatic and renal tissues to AFB1 toxicity, in biochemical parameters to assess organ function, tissue oxidation, and the immunocontent of oxidative and inflammatory proteins. Male Wistar rats was exposed to AFB1 (250 μg/kg, i.g.) and/or BCP (100 mg/kg, i.p.) for 14 successive days. It was found that exposure to AFB1 did not change the measured renal toxicity parameters. Also, AFB1 increased liver injury biomarkers (gamma glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase) and reduced levels of non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses (ascorbic acid and non-protein thiol), however did not cause changes in the lipid peroxidation levels. Moreover, AFB1 interfered in oxidative pathway regulated by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein (Keap1)/nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), overacting Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) activity. Lastly, a main effect of AFB1 on the total interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) was observed. Remarkably, the associated treatment of AFB1 + BCP improved altered liver parameters. In addition, BCP and AFB1 + BCP groups showed an increase in the levels of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta (IKKβ). Thus, these results indicated that BCP has potential protective effect against AFB1 induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Rosa Da Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Érica Vanessa Furlan Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Tuane Bazanella Sampaio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jamila Trindade Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Natália Silva Jardim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Grendene Müller
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauro Schneider Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristina Wayne Nogueira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Furian
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Abdulrahim HA, Alagbonsi IA, Amuda O, Omeiza NA, Feyitimi ARA, Olayaki LA. Cannabis sativa and/or melatonin do not alter brain lipid but alter oxidative mechanisms in female rats. J Cannabis Res 2021; 3:38. [PMID: 34412689 PMCID: PMC8377844 DOI: 10.1186/s42238-021-00095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipid profile and redox status play a role in brain (dys)functions. Cannabinoid and melatonergic systems operate in the brain and contribute to brain (patho)physiology, but their roles in the modulation of brain lipid and redox status are not well-known. We studied the effect of ethanol extract of Cannabis sativa (CS) and/or melatonin (M) on the lipid profile and anti-oxidant system of the rat brain. Methods We randomly divided twenty-four (24) female Wistar rats into 4 groups (n = 6 rats each). Group 1 (control) received distilled water mixed with DMSO. Groups II–IV received CS (2 mg/kg), M (4 mg/kg), and co-administration of CS and M (CS + M) respectively via oral gavage between 8:00 am and 10:00 am once daily for 14 days. Animals underwent 12-h fasting after the last day of treatment and sacrificed under ketamine anesthesia (20 mg/kg; i.m). The brain tissues were excised and homogenized for assay of the concentrations of the total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare means across groups, followed by the least significant difference (LSD) post-hoc test. Results CS and/or M did not affect the lipid profile parameters. However, CS increased the G6PD (from 15.58 ± 1.09 to 21.02 ± 1.45 U/L; p = 0.047), GPx (from 10.47 ± 0.86 to 17.71 ± 1.04 U/L; p = 0.019), and SOD (from 0.81 ± 0.02 to 0.90 ± 0.01 μM; p = 0.007), but decreased NO (from 9.40 ± 0.51 to 6.75 ± 0.21 μM; p = 0.010) and had no effect on MDA (p = 0.905), CAT (p = 0.831), GR (p = 0.639), and AChE (p = 0.571) in comparison with the control group. M augmented the increase in G6PD (from 21.02 ± 1.45 U/L to 27.18 ± 1.81 U/L; p = 0.032) and decrease in NO (from 6.75 ± 0.21 to 4.86 ± 0.13 μM; p = 0.034) but abolished the increase in GPx (from 17.71 ± 1.04 to 8.59 ± 2.06 U/L; p = 0.006) and SOD (from 0.90 ± 0.01 to 0.70 ± 0.00 μM; p = 0.000) elicited by CS in the rat brain in comparison with the CS group. Conclusions CS and M do not alter brain lipid profile. Our data support the contention that CS elicits an anti-oxidative effect on the brain tissue and that CS + M elicits a pro-oxidant effect in rat brain. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42238-021-00095-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halimat Amin Abdulrahim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Isiaka Abdullateef Alagbonsi
- Department of Clinical Biology (Physiology unit), School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda.
| | - Oluwasola Amuda
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Kwara, P.M.B. 1601, Nigeria
| | - Noah Adavize Omeiza
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Asth L, Iglesias LP, De Oliveira AC, Moraes MFD, Moreira FA. Exploiting cannabinoid and vanilloid mechanisms for epilepsy treatment. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 121:106832. [PMID: 31839498 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the possible roles of phytocannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoids, endocannabinoids, and "transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1" (TRPV1) channel blockers in epilepsy treatment. The phytocannabinoids are compounds produced by the herb Cannabis sativa, from which Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) is the main active compound. The therapeutic applications of Δ9-THC are limited, whereas cannabidiol (CBD), another phytocannabinoid, induces antiepileptic effects in experimental animals and in patients with refractory epilepsies. Synthetic CB1 agonists induce mixed effects, which hamper their therapeutic applications. A more promising strategy focuses on compounds that increase the brain levels of anandamide, an endocannabinoid produced on-demand to counteract hyperexcitability. Thus, anandamide hydrolysis inhibitors might represent a future class of antiepileptic drugs. Finally, compounds that block the TRPV1 ("vanilloid") channel, a possible anandamide target in the brain, have also been investigated. In conclusion, the therapeutic use of phytocannabinoids (CBD) is already in practice, although its mechanisms of action remain unclear. Endocannabinoid and TRPV1 mechanisms warrant further basic studies to support their potential clinical applications. This article is part of the Special Issue "NEWroscience 2018".
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Asth
- Graduate School in Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lia P Iglesias
- Graduate School in Neurosciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Antônio C De Oliveira
- Graduate School in Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Graduate School in Neurosciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcio F D Moraes
- Graduate School in Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Graduate School in Neurosciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabrício A Moreira
- Graduate School in Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Graduate School in Neurosciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils from Eugenia patrisii Vahl, E. punicifolia (Kunth) DC., and Myrcia tomentosa (Aubl.) DC., Leaf of Family Myrtaceae. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113292. [PMID: 34072598 PMCID: PMC8198989 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) were extracted from Eugenia patrisii, E. punicifolia, and Myrcia tomentosa, specimens A and B, using hydrodistillation. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to identify the volatile constituents present, and the antioxidant capacity of EOs was determined using diphenylpicryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays. For E. patrisii, germacrene D (20.03%), bicyclogermacrene (11.82%), and (E)-caryophyllene (11.04%) were identified as the major constituents of the EOs extracted from specimen A, whereas specimen B primarily comprised γ-elemene (25.89%), germacrene B (8.11%), and (E)-caryophyllene (10.76%). The EOs of E. punicifolia specimen A contained β-Elemene (25.12%), (E)-caryophyllene (13.11%), and bicyclogermacrene (9.88%), while specimen B was composed of (E)-caryophyllene (11.47%), bicyclogermacrene (5.86%), β-pinene (5.86%), and γ-muurolene (5.55%). The specimen A of M. tomentosa was characterized by γ-elemene (12.52%), germacrene D (11.45%), and (E)-caryophyllene (10.22%), while specimen B contained spathulenol (40.70%), α-zingiberene (9.58%), and γ-elemene (6.89%). Additionally, the chemical composition of the EOs was qualitatively and quantitatively affected by the collection period. Furthermore, the EOs of the studied specimens, especially specimen A of E. punicifolia, showed a greater antioxidant activity in DPPH rather than TEAC, as represented by a significantly high inhibition percentage (408.0%).
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Shapiro L, Gado F, Manera C, Escayg A. Allosteric modulation of the cannabinoid 2 receptor confers seizure resistance in mice. Neuropharmacology 2021; 188:108448. [PMID: 33450277 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that modulation of cannabinoid 2 receptors (CB2Rs) is therapeutic in mouse models of neurological disorders, including neuropathic pain, neurodegenerative disease, and stroke. We previously showed that reducing CB2R activity increases seizure susceptibility in mice. In the present study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of the CB2R positive allosteric modulator, Ec21a, against induced seizures in mice. The pharmacokinetic profile of Ec21 demonstrated a similar distribution in brain and plasma, with detection up to 12 h following injection. Ec21a increased resistance to induced seizures in CF1 wild-type mice and mice harboring the SCN1A R1648H human epilepsy mutation. A rotarod test provided evidence that Ec21a does not cause neurotoxicity-induced motor deficits at its therapeutic dose, and seizure protection was maintained with repeated drug administration. The selectivity of Ec21a for CB2R was supported by the ability of the CB2R antagonist AM630, but not the CB1R antagonist AM251, to block Ec21a-conferred seizure protection in mice, and a lack of significant binding of Ec21a to 34 brain-expressed receptors and transporters in vitro. These results identify allosteric modulation of CB2Rs as a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Shapiro
- Emory University, Department of Human Genetics, Atlanta, 30322, Georgia
| | - Francesca Gado
- University of Pisa, Department of Pharmacy, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | | | - Andrew Escayg
- Emory University, Department of Human Genetics, Atlanta, 30322, Georgia.
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Ullah H, Di Minno A, Santarcangelo C, Khan H, Daglia M. Improvement of Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction by β-Caryophyllene: A Focus on the Nervous System. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040546. [PMID: 33915950 PMCID: PMC8066981 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction results in a series of defective cellular events, including decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) output, and altered proteastasis and cellular quality control. An enhanced output of ROS may damage mitochondrial components, such as mitochondrial DNA and elements of the electron transport chain, resulting in the loss of proper electrochemical gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane and an ensuing shutdown of mitochondrial energy production. Neurons have an increased demand for ATP and oxygen, and thus are more prone to damage induced by mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction, damaged electron transport chains, altered membrane permeability and Ca2+ homeostasis, and impaired mitochondrial defense systems induced by oxidative stress, are pathological changes involved in neurodegenerative disorders. A growing body of evidence suggests that the use of antioxidants could stabilize mitochondria and thus may be suitable for preventing neuronal loss. Numerous natural products exhibit the potential to counter oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction; however, science is still looking for a breakthrough in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. β-caryophyllene is a bicyclic sesquiterpene, and an active principle of essential oils derived from a large number of spices and food plants. As a selective cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) agonist, several studies have reported it as possessing numerous pharmacological activities such as antibacterial (e.g., Helicobacter pylori), antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic (e.g., neuropathic pain), anti-neurodegenerative and anticancer properties. The present review mainly focuses on the potential of β-caryophyllene in reducing oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, and its possible links with neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (H.U.); (A.D.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Alessandro Di Minno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (H.U.); (A.D.M.); (C.S.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Santarcangelo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (H.U.); (A.D.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; or
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (H.U.); (A.D.M.); (C.S.)
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence:
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Kaur J, Famta P, Famta M, Mehta M, Satija S, Sharma N, Vyas M, Khatik GL, Chellappan DK, Dua K, Khurana N. Potential anti-epileptic phytoconstituents: An updated review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113565. [PMID: 33166627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Epilepsy is one of the most commonly occurring non-communicable neurological disorder that affects people of all age groups. Around 50 million people globally are epileptic, with 80% cases in developing countries due to lack of access to treatments determined by high cost and poor availability or it can be defined by the fraction of active epileptic patients who are not appropriately being treated. The availability of antiepileptic drugs and their adjuvant therapy in such countries is less than 50% and these are highly susceptible to drug interactions and severe adverse effects. As a result, the use of herbal medicine is increasingly becoming popular. AIM OF THE STUDY To provide pharmacological information on the active constituents evaluated in the preclinical study to treat epilepsy with potential to be used as an alternative therapeutic option in future. It also provides affirmation for the development of novel antiepileptic drugs derived from medicinal plants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant information on the antiepileptic potential of phytoconstituents in the preclinical study (in-vitro, in-vivo) is provided based on their effect on screening parameters. Besides, relevant information on pharmacology of phytoconstituents, the traditional use of their medicinal plants related to epilepsy and status of phytoconstituents in the clinical study were derived from online databases, including PubMed, Clinicaltrial. gov, The Plant List (TPL, www.theplantlist.org), Science Direct. Articles identified using preset searching syntax and inclusion criteria are presented. RESULTS More than 70% of the phytoconstituents reviewed in this paper justified the traditional use of their medicinal plant related to epilepsy by primarily acting on the GABAergic system. Amongst the phytoconstituents, only cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol have been explored for clinical application in epilepsy. CONCLUSION The preclinical and clinical data of the phytoconstituents to treat epilepsy and its associated comorbidities provides evidence for the discovery and development of novel antiepileptic drugs from medicinal plants. In terms of efficacy and safety, further randomized and controlled clinical studies are required to understand the complete pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic picture of phytoconstituents. Also, specific botanical source evaluation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaskiran Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Paras Famta
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Phase-10, Sector-64, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Mani Famta
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS), Vidya Vihar Campus, Street Number 41, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Meenu Mehta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Saurabh Satija
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Neha Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Manish Vyas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Gopal Lal Khatik
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) & School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Navneet Khurana
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
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Mishra P, Sinha JK, Rajput SK. Efficacy of Cicuta virosa medicinal preparations against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 115:107653. [PMID: 33358679 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epileptic seizures are characterized by imbalanced inhibition-excitation cycle that triggers biochemical alterations responsible for jeopardized neuronal integrity. Conventional antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have been the mainstay option for treatment and control; however, symptomatic control and potential to exacerbate the seizure condition calls for viable alternative to these chemical agents. In this context, natural product-based therapies have accrued great interest in recent years due to competent disease management potential and lower associated adversities. Cicuta virosa (CV) is one such herbal remedy that is used in traditional system of medicine against myriad of disorders including epilepsy. Homeopathic medicinal preparations (HMPs) of CV were assessed for their efficacy in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced acute and kindling models of epilepsy. CV HMPs increased the latency and reduced the duration of tonic-clonic phase in acute model while lowering the kindling score in the kindling model that signified their role in modulating GABAergic neurotransmission and potassium conductance. Kindling-induced impairment of cognition, memory, and motor coordination was ameliorated by the CV HMPs that substantiated their efficacy in imparting sustained neuronal fortification. Furthermore, biochemical evaluation showed attenuated oxidative stress load through reduced lipid peroxidation and strengthened free radical scavenging mechanism. Taken together, CV HMPs exhibited promising results in acute and kindling models and must be further assessed through molecular and epigenomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Mishra
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology and Neurosciences (AINN), Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201303, India.
| | - Jitendra Kumar Sinha
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology and Neurosciences (AINN), Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201303, India.
| | - Satyendra Kumar Rajput
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri (deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttrakhand, 249404, India.
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Comparative Chemical Profiles of the Essential Oils from Different Varieties of Psidium guajava L. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010119. [PMID: 33383905 PMCID: PMC7795193 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Guava (Psidium guajava) leaves are commonly used in the treatment of diseases. They are considered a waste product resulting from guava cultivation. The leaves are very rich in essential oils (EOs) and volatiles. This work represents the detailed comparative chemical profiles of EOs derived from the leaves of six guava varieties cultivated in Egypt, including Red Malaysian (RM), El-Qanater (EQ), White Indian (WI), Early (E), El-Sabahya El-Gedida (ESEG), and Red Indian (RI), cultivated on the same farm in Egypt. The EOs from the leaves of guava varieties were extracted by hydro-distillation and analyzed with GC-MS. The EOs were categorized in a holistic manner using chemometric tools. The hydro-distillation of the samples yielded 0.11-0.48% of the EO (v/w). The GC-MS analysis of the extracted EOs showed the presence of 38 identified compounds from the six varieties. The sesquiterpene compounds were recorded as main compounds of E, EQ, ESEG, RI, and WI varieties, while the RM variety attained the highest content of monoterpenes (56.87%). The sesquiterpenes, β-caryophyllene (11.21-43.20%), and globulol (76.17-26.42%) were detected as the major compounds of all studied guava varieties, while trans-nerolidol (0.53-10.14) was reported as a plentiful compound in all of the varieties except for the RM variety. A high concentration of D-limonene was detected in the EOs of the RM (33.96%), WI (27.04%), and ESEG (9.10%) varieties. These major compounds were consistent with those reported for other genotypes from different countries. Overall, the EOs' composition and the chemometric analysis revealed substantial variations among the studied varieties that might be ascribed to genetic variability, considering the stability of the cultivation and climate conditions. Therefore, this chemical polymorphism of the studied varieties supports that these varieties could be considered as genotypes of P. guajava. It is worth mentioning here that the EOs, derived from leaves considered to be agricultural waste, of the studied varieties showed that they are rich in biologically active compounds, particularly β-caryophyllene, trans-nerolidol, globulol, and D-limonene. These could be considered as added value for pharmacological and industrial applications. Further study is recommended to confirm the chemical variations of the studied varieties at a molecular level, as well as their possible medicinal and industrial uses.
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Roebuck AJ, Greba Q, Onofrychuk TJ, McElroy DL, Sandini TM, Zagzoog A, Simone J, Cain SM, Snutch TP, Laprairie RB, Howland JG. Dissociable changes in spike and wave discharges following exposure to injected cannabinoids and smoked cannabis in Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 55:1063-1078. [PMID: 33370468 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is significant interest in the use of cannabinoids for the treatment of many epilepsies including absence epilepsy (AE). Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) model many aspects of AE including the presence of spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs) on electroencephalogram (EEG) and behavioral comorbidities, such as elevated anxiety. However, the effects of cannabis plant-based phytocannabinoids have not been tested in GAERS. Therefore, we investigated how SWDs in GAERS are altered by the two most common phytocannabinoids, Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), and exposure to smoke from two different chemovars of cannabis. Animals were implanted with bipolar electrodes in the somatosensory cortex and EEGs were recorded for 2 hr. Injected THC (1-10 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently increased SWDs to over 200% of baseline. In contrast, CBD (30-100 mg/kg, i.p.) produced a ~50% reduction in SWDs. Exposure to smoke from a commercially available chemovar of high-THC cannabis (Mohawk, Aphria Inc.) increased SWDs whereas a low-THC/high-CBD chemovar of cannabis (Treasure Island, Aphria Inc.) did not significantly affect SWDs in GAERS. Pre-treatment with a CB1R antagonist (SR141716A) did not prevent the high-THC cannabis smoke from increasing SWDs, suggesting that the THC-mediated increase may not be CB1R-dependent. Plasma concentrations of THC and CBD were similar to previously reported values following injection and smoke exposure. Compared to injected CBD, it appears Treasure Island did not increase plasma levels sufficiently to observe an anti-epileptic effect. Together these experiments provide initial evidence that acute phytocannabinoid administration exerts the biphasic modulation of SWDs and may differentially impact patients with AE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Roebuck
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,School of Liberal Arts, Yukon University, Whitehorse, YT, Canada
| | - Quentin Greba
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Timothy J Onofrychuk
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Dan L McElroy
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Thaísa M Sandini
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ayat Zagzoog
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jonathan Simone
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Stuart M Cain
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Terrance P Snutch
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert B Laprairie
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - John G Howland
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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EROĞLU E, ÇENGELLİ ÜNEL Ç, HARMANCI N, KALTUŞ Z, KILIÇ C, DOĞAN H, ALTINBAŞ R, EROL K. Hidrojen sülfür, karbon monoksit ve nitrik oksidin sıçanlarda pentilentetrazol indüklü nöbetler üzerindeki etkileri. KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNIVERSITESI TIP FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2020. [DOI: 10.17517/ksutfd.681282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Scandiffio R, Geddo F, Cottone E, Querio G, Antoniotti S, Gallo MP, Maffei ME, Bovolin P. Protective Effects of ( E)-β-Caryophyllene (BCP) in Chronic Inflammation. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113273. [PMID: 33114564 PMCID: PMC7692661 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(E)-β-caryophyllene (BCP) is a bicyclic sesquiterpene widely distributed in the plant kingdom, where it contributes a unique aroma to essential oils and has a pivotal role in the survival and evolution of higher plants. Recent studies provided evidence for protective roles of BCP in animal cells, highlighting its possible use as a novel therapeutic tool. Experimental results show the ability of BCP to reduce pro-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), thus ameliorating chronic pathologies characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress, in particular metabolic and neurological diseases. Through the binding to CB2 cannabinoid receptors and the interaction with members of the family of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), BCP shows beneficial effects on obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH) liver diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, pain and other nervous system disorders. This review describes the current knowledge on the biosynthesis and natural sources of BCP, and reviews its role and mechanisms of action in different inflammation-related metabolic and neurologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Scandiffio
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (F.G.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (S.A.); (M.P.G.)
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy;
| | - Federica Geddo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (F.G.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (S.A.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Erika Cottone
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (F.G.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (S.A.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Giulia Querio
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (F.G.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (S.A.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Susanna Antoniotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (F.G.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (S.A.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Maria Pia Gallo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (F.G.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (S.A.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Massimo E. Maffei
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Bovolin
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (F.G.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (S.A.); (M.P.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Zaccai M, Yarmolinsky L, Khalfin B, Budovsky A, Gorelick J, Dahan A, Ben-Shabat S. Medicinal Properties of Lilium candidum L. and Its Phytochemicals. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9080959. [PMID: 32751398 PMCID: PMC7465089 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lilium candidum L., known as Madonna, meadow, or white lily, is a bulbous plant from the Liliaceae family, originating in the Middle East. L. candidum has been abundantly used in folk medicine since ancient times to relieve a variety of ailments, including age-related diseases, burns, ulcers, and coughs. The aim of this article is to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities of L. candidum extracts and its active phytochemicals. Some active volatile phytochemicals were identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Significant (p < 0.001) anti-diabetic properties of the extracts kaempferol, linalool, citronellal, and humulene were demonstrated by an elevation in glucose uptake by adipocytes. The significant (p < 0.01) effect of the plant extracts kaempferol, citronellal, and humulene on the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) was demonstrated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Altogether, L. candidum and its rich collection of phytochemicals hold promising medicinal potential, and further investigations of its therapeutic prospects are encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Zaccai
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel;
| | | | - Boris Khalfin
- Eastern R&D Center, Kiryat Arba 9010000, Israel; (L.Y.); (B.K.); (J.G.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel;
| | - Arie Budovsky
- Research & Development Authority, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon 7830604, Israel;
| | - Jonathan Gorelick
- Eastern R&D Center, Kiryat Arba 9010000, Israel; (L.Y.); (B.K.); (J.G.)
| | - Arik Dahan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel;
| | - Shimon Ben-Shabat
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-54-599-1056
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Li H, Wang D, Chen Y, Yang M. β-Caryophyllene inhibits high glucose-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and extracellular matrix accumulation in mesangial cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106556. [PMID: 32416450 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
β-Caryophyllene (BCP) is a bicyclic sesquiterpene compound that has anti-diabetic activity. However, the effect of BCP on diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains unclear. Here, we aimed to evaluate the potential role of BCP in high glucose (HG)-induced glomerular mesangial cells (MCs). MCs were maintained under HG condition to simulate DN in vitro. Our results showed that BCP inhibited HG-induced cell proliferation, ROS production and NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2/4 expression. BCP exhibited anti-inflammatory activity with decreased levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 in HG-induced MCs. Moreover, BCP treatment suppressed the HG-induced secretion of fibronectin (FN) and collagen IV (Col IV) in MCs. Furthermore, BCP suppressed the NF-κB activation and enhanced the Nrf2 activation in HG-induced MCs. However, inhibition of Nrf2 attenuated the protective effects of BCP on HG-induced MCs, while inhibition of NF-κB enhanced the nephro-protective effects of BCP on MCs. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that BCP executed protective effects on HG-induced MCs via regulating NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Defen Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Minsheng Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Alese OO, Ngoupaye GT, Rakgantsho C, Mkhize NV, Zulu S, Mabandla MV. Glutamatergic pathway in depressive-like behavior associated with pentylenetetrazole rat model of epilepsy with history of prolonged febrile seizures. Life Sci 2020; 253:117692. [PMID: 32376271 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is the most significant cause of suicide among neuropsychiatric illnesses. Major depression further affects the quality of life in an individual with epilepsy. The treatment of depression in an epileptic patient could be very challenging because of drug selection or the fact that some antiepileptic drugs are known to cause depression. It has been shown that in addition to the known involvement of the serotonergic pathway in depression, the glutamatergic system is also involved in the evolution of the disease, but this knowledge is limited. This study assessed if induction of epilepsy in rats will cause depressive-like behavior, alters the concentrations of metabotropic receptor 5 (mGluR5), glutamate transport protein (GLAST), glutamate synthase (GS) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). MATERIALS AND METHOD Epilepsy was induced in rats by injecting Pentylenetetrazole at 35 mg/kg every other day. At kindle, rats were subjected to sucrose preference test (SPT) and forced swim test (FST) and decapitated 4 h later. Hippocampal tissue was collected and the BDNF concentration was measured with ELISA; mGluR5 and GS protein expression was measured using western blot while amygdala tissue was used for GLAST expression with flow cytometry. RESULTS Our results showed that epilepsy leads to depressive-like behavior in rats and alters the glutamatergic system. CONCLUSION Therefore, we conclude that targeting the glutamate pathway may be a good strategy to alleviate depressive-like behavior associated with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwole Ojo Alese
- Department of Human Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa.
| | - Gwladys Temkou Ngoupaye
- Department of Human Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Cleopatra Rakgantsho
- Department of Human Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Nombuso V Mkhize
- Department of Human Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Simo Zulu
- Department of Human Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Musa V Mabandla
- Department of Human Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
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Muthusamy S, Vetukuri RR, Lundgren A, Ganji S, Zhu LH, Brodelius PE, Kanagarajan S. Transient expression and purification of β-caryophyllene synthase in Nicotiana benthamiana to produce β-caryophyllene in vitro. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8904. [PMID: 32377446 PMCID: PMC7194099 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene is an ubiquitous component in many plants that has commercially been used as an aroma in cosmetics and perfumes. Recent studies have shown its potential use as a therapeutic agent and biofuel. Currently, β-caryophyllene is isolated from large amounts of plant material. Molecular farming based on the Nicotiana benthamiana transient expression system may be used for a more sustainable production of β-caryophyllene. In this study, a full-length cDNA of a new duplicated β-caryophyllene synthase from Artemisia annua (AaCPS1) was isolated and functionally characterized. In order to produce β-caryophyllene in vitro, the AaCPS1 was cloned into a plant viral-based vector pEAQ-HT. Subsequently, the plasmid was transferred into the Agrobacterium and agroinfiltrated into N. benthamiana leaves. The AaCPS1 expression was analyzed by quantitative PCR at different time points after agroinfiltration. The highest level of transcripts was observed at 9 days post infiltration (dpi). The AaCPS1 protein was extracted from the leaves at 9 dpi and purified by cobalt–nitrilotriacetate (Co-NTA) affinity chromatography using histidine tag with a yield of 89 mg kg−1 fresh weight of leaves. The protein expression of AaCPS1 was also confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and western blot analyses. AaCPS1 protein uses farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) as a substrate to produce β-caryophyllene. Product identification and determination of the activity of purified AaCPS1 were done by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). GC–MS results revealed that the AaCPS1 produced maximum 26.5 ± 1 mg of β-caryophyllene per kilogram fresh weight of leaves after assaying with FPP for 6 h. Using AaCPS1 as a proof of concept, we demonstrate that N. benthamiana can be considered as an expression system for production of plant proteins that catalyze the formation of valuable chemicals for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraladevi Muthusamy
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Ramesh R Vetukuri
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Anneli Lundgren
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Suresh Ganji
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Li-Hua Zhu
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Peter E Brodelius
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Selvaraju Kanagarajan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.,Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
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DZHAFAR S, DALAR A, MÜKEMRE M, EKİN S, YILDIZ D, YUNUSOĞLU O. Phytochemical Profile and in vitro and in vivo Anticonvulsant and Antioxidant Activities of Epilobium hirsutum. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SECONDARY METABOLITE 2020. [DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.669451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Effect of β-caryophyllene from Cloves Extract on Helicobacter pylori Eradication in Mouse Model. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041000. [PMID: 32260414 PMCID: PMC7230661 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
New antibacterial treatments against Helicobacter pylori are needed as H. pylori is acquiring antibiotic resistance. β-caryophyllene is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene, with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. This study investigates the effects of H-002119-00-001 from β-caryophyllene on the eradication of H. pylori in a mouse model, and its effects on the inflammation of the gastric mucosa. To evaluate the anti-H.pylori efficacy of β-caryophyllene, a total of 160 mice were divided into eight groups (n = 10 each) and were administered different treatments for 2 and 4 weeks. H. pylori eradication was assessed using a Campylobacter-like organism (CLO) test and H. pylori qPCR of the gastric mucosa. The levels of inflammation of gastric mucosa were assessed using histology and immunostaining. H-002119-00-001 decreased bacterial burden in vitro. When H-002119-00-001 was administered to mice once daily for 2 weeks, cure rates shown by the CLO test were 40.0%, 60.0%, and 70.0% in groups 6, 7, and 8, respectively. H. pylori levels in gastric mucosa decreased dose-dependently after H-002119-00-001 treatment. H-002119-00-001 also reduced levels of inflammation in gastric mucosa. H-002119-00-001 improved inflammation and decreased bacterial burden in H. pylori-infected mouse models. H-002119-00-001 is a promising and effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of H. pylori infection.
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Shim HI, Song DJ, Shin CM, Yoon H, Park YS, Kim N, Lee DH. [Inhibitory Effects of β-caryophyllene on Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Randomized Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2020; 74:199-204. [PMID: 31650795 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2019.74.4.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aims Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections, which cause a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms, are common in South Korea. Recent reports have shown a decline in the H. pylori eradication rates. β-caryophyllene is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene that occurs in a wide range of plant species, such as cloves, basil, and cinnamon. β-caryophyllene has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects. This study investigated the inhibitory effects of β-caryophyllene on H. pylori and its potential role as an alternative gastrointestinal drug. Methods This 8-week, randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial categorized subjects into a β-caryophyllene group (33 patients who received 126 mg/day of β-caryophyllene) and a placebo group (33 patients who received a placebo preparation). The inflammation level of H. pylori infiltration and the eradication rates were evaluated endoscopically and with the urea breath test (UBT) in both groups before and after administering the medication. The serum cytokine levels (tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin [IL]-1β and IL-6) were compared in both groups before and after administering the medication. Results Complete eradication was not observed in either group. Moreover, there was no significant change in the UBT and updated Sydney score. On the other hand, the β-caryophyllene group showed significant improvement in nausea (p=0.025) and epigastric pain (p=0.018), as well as a decrease in the serum IL-1β levels (p=0.038). Conclusions β-caryophyllene improves dyspepsia symptoms and can be considered a useful supplementary treatment for gastrointestinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ik Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong Jin Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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β-Caryophyllene: A Sesquiterpene with Countless Biological Properties. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9245420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
β-Caryophyllene (BCP), a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene, is a selective phytocannabinoid agonist of type 2 receptors (CB2-R). It isn’t psychogenic due to the absence of an affinity to cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1). Among the various biological activities, BCP exerts anti-inflammatory action via inhibiting the main inflammatory mediators, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α), nuclear factor kapp a-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha (PPAR-α) effects are also mediated by the activation of PPAR-α and PPAR-γ receptors. In detail, many studies, in vitro and in vivo, suggest that the treatment with β-caryophyllene improves the phenotype of animals used to model various inflammatory pathologies, such as nervous system diseases (Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke), atherosclerosis, and tumours (colon, breast, pancreas, lymphoma, melanoma and glioma cancer). Furthermore, pre-clinical data have highlighted that BCP is potentially useful in Streptococcus infections, osteoporosis, steatohepatitis, and exerts anticonvulsant, analgesic, myorelaxing, sedative, and antidepressive effects. BCP is non-toxic in rodents, with a Lethal dose, 50% (LD50) greater than 5000 mg/kg. Nevertheless, it inhibits various cytochrome P450 isoforms (above all, CYP3A4), which metabolise xenobiotics, leading to adverse effects, due to drug levels over therapeutic window. All the reported data have highlighted that both pharmacological and toxicological aspects need to be further investigated with clinical trials.
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Anticonvulsant Essential Oils and Their Relationship with Oxidative Stress in Epilepsy. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120835. [PMID: 31817682 PMCID: PMC6995584 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a most disabling neurological disorder affecting all age groups. Among the various mechanisms that may result in epilepsy, neuronal hyperexcitability and oxidative injury produced by an excessive formation of free radicals may play a role in the development of this pathology. Therefore, new treatment approaches are needed to address resistant conditions that do not respond fully to current antiepileptic drugs. This paper reviews studies on the anticonvulsant activities of essential oils and their chemical constituents. Data from studies published from January 2011 to December 2018 was selected from the PubMed database for examination. The bioactivity of 19 essential oils and 16 constituents is described. Apiaceae and Lamiaceae were the most promising botanical families due to the largest number of reports about plant species from these families that produce anticonvulsant essential oils. Among the evaluated compounds, β-caryophyllene, borneol, eugenol and nerolidol were the constituents that presented antioxidant properties related to anticonvulsant action. These data show the potential of these natural products as health promoting agents and use against various types of seizure disorders. Their properties on oxidative stress may contribute to the control of this neurological condition. However, further studies on the toxicological profile and mechanism of action of essential oils are needed.
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Shapiro L, Wong JC, Escayg A. Reduced cannabinoid 2 receptor activity increases susceptibility to induced seizures in mice. Epilepsia 2019; 60:2359-2369. [PMID: 31758544 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is comprised of cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1R and CB2R), endogenous ligands, and regulatory enzymes, and serves to regulate several important physiological functions throughout the brain and body. Recent evidence suggests that the ECS may be a promising target for the treatment of epilepsy, including epilepsy subtypes that arise from mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel SCN1A. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of modulating CB2R activity on seizure susceptibility. METHODS We examined susceptibility to induced seizures using a number of paradigms in CB2R knockout mice (Cnr2-/- ), and determined the effects of the CB2R agonist, JWH-133, and the CB2R antagonist, SR144528, on seizure susceptibility in wild-type mice. We also examined seizure susceptibility in Cnr2 mutants harboring the human SCN1A R1648H (RH) epilepsy mutation and performed Electroencephalography (EEG) analysis to determine whether the loss of CB2Rs would increase spontaneous seizure frequency in Scn1a RH mutant mice. RESULTS Both heterozygous (Cnr2+/- ) and homozygous (Cnr2-/- ) knockout mice exhibited increased susceptibility to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures. The CB2R agonist JWH-133 did not significantly alter seizure susceptibility in wild-type mice; however, administration of the CB2R antagonist SR144528 resulted in increased susceptibility to PTZ-induced seizures. In offspring from a cross between the Cnr2 × RH lines, both Cnr2 and RH mutants were susceptible to PTZ-induced seizures; however, seizure susceptibility was not significantly increased in mutants expressing both mutations. No spontaneous seizures were observed in either RH or Cnr2/RH mutants during 336-504 hours of continuous EEG recordings. SIGNIFICANCE Our results demonstrate that reduced CB2R activity is associated with increased seizure susceptibility. CB2Rs might therefore provide a therapeutic target for the treatment of some forms of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Shapiro
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jennifer C Wong
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Andrew Escayg
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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