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Waqar MA, Zaman M, Khan R, Shafeeq Ur Rahman M, Majeed I. Navigating the tumor microenvironment: mesenchymal stem cell-mediated delivery of anticancer agents. J Drug Target 2024; 32:624-634. [PMID: 38652480 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2347356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Scientific knowledge of cancer has advanced greatly throughout the years, with most recent studies findings includes many hallmarks that capture disease's multifaceted character. One of the novel approach utilised for the delivery of anti-cancer agents includes mesenchymal stem cell mediated drug delivery. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-haematopoietic progenitor cells that may be extracted from bone marrow, tooth pulp, adipose tissue and placenta/umbilical cord blood dealing with adult stem cells. MSCs are mostly involved in regeneration of tissue, they have also been shown to preferentially migrate to location of several types of tumour in-vivo. Usage of MSCs ought to improve both effectiveness and safety of anti-cancer drugs by enhancing delivery efficiency of anti-cancer therapies to tumour site. Numerous researches has demonstrated that various drugs, when delivered via mesenchymal stem cell mediated delivery can elicit anti-tumour effect of cells in cancers of breast cells and thyroid cells. MSCs have minimal immunogenicity because to lack of co-stimulatory molecule expression, which means there is no requirement for immunosuppression after allogenic transplantation. This current review elaborates recent advancements of mesenchyma stem cell mediated drug delivery of anti-cancer agents along with its mechanism and previously reported studies of drugs manufactured via this drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahsan Waqar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological & Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zaman
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rabeel Khan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological & Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Imtiaz Majeed
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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2
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Huang QM, Long YL, Wang JN, Wu J, Tang WL, Wang XY, Zhang ZH, Zhuo YQ, Guan XH, Deng KY, Xin HB. Human amniotic MSCs-mediated anti-inflammation of CD206 hiIL-10 hi macrophages alleviates isoproterenol-induced ventricular remodeling in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 129:111660. [PMID: 38350357 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) derived from amniotic membrane have multilineage differentiation, immunosuppressive, and anti-inflammation which makes them suitable for the treatment of various diseases. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect and molecular mechanism of hAMSCs in ventricular remodeling (VR). METHODS hAMSCs were characterized by a series of experiments such as flow cytometric analysis, immunofluorescence, differentiative induction and tumorigenicity. Mouse VR model was induced by isoproterenol (ISO) peritoneally, and the therapeutic effects and the potential mechanisms of hAMSCs transplantation were evaluated by echocardiography, carboxy fluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) labeled cell tracing, histochemistry, qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. The co-culturing experiments were carried out for further exploring the mechanisms of hAMSCs-derived conditioned medium (CM) on macrophage polarization and fibroblast fibrosis in vitro. RESULTS hAMSCs transplantation significantly alleviated ISO-induced VR including cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis with the improvements of cardiac functions. CFSE labeled hAMSCs kept an undifferentiated state in heart, indicating that hAMSCs-mediated the improvement of ISO-induced VR might be related to their paracrine effects. hAMSCs markedly inhibited ISO-induced inflammation and fibrosis, seen as the increase of M2 macrophage infiltration and the expressions of CD206 and IL-10, and the decreases of CD86, iNOS, COL3 and αSMA expressions in heart, suggesting that hAMSCs transplantation promoted the polarization of M2 macrophages and inhibited the polarization of M1 macrophages. Mechanically, hAMSCs-derived CM significantly increased the expressions of CD206, IL-10, Arg-1 and reduced the expressions of iNOS and IL-6 in RAW264.7 macrophages in vitro. Interestingly, RAW264.7-CM remarkably promoted the expressions of anti-inflammatory factors such as IL-10, IDO, and COX2 in hAMSCs. Furthermore, the CM derived from hAMSCs pretreated with RAW264.7-CM markedly inhibited the expressions of fibrogenesis genes such as αSMA and COL3 in 3T3 cells. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that hAMSCs effectively alleviated ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, and improved the cardiac functions in mice, and the underlying mechanisms might be related to inhibiting the inflammation and fibrosis during the ventricular remodeling through promoting the polarization of CD206hiIL-10hi macrophages in heart tissues. Our study strongly suggested that by taking the advantages of the potent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects, hAMSCs may provide an alternative therapeutic approach for prevention and treatment of VR clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ming Huang
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China; The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ying-Lin Long
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jia-Nan Wang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jie Wu
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wen-Long Tang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhou-Hang Zhang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - You-Qiong Zhuo
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330052, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Guan
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Ke-Yu Deng
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Hong-Bo Xin
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China; The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China.
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3
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Pan Y, Wu W, Jiang X, Liu Y. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: From mechanisms to therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114817. [PMID: 37141733 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) remain an intractable problem and have high morbidity and mortality worldwide, as well as substantial health and economic burdens, representing an urgent clinical need. In recent years, the focus of research has shifted from the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for transplantation to the use of their secretory exosomes (MSC-exosomes) for the treatment of numerous CVDs, including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), aneurysm, and stroke. MSCs are pluripotent stem cells with multiple differentiation pathways that exert pleiotropic effects by producing soluble factors, the most effective components of which are exosomes. MSC-exosomes are considered to be an excellent and promising cell-free therapy for CVDs due to their higher circulating stability, improved biocompatibility, reduced toxicity, and immunogenicity. In addition, exosomes play critical roles in repairing CVDs by inhibiting apoptosis, regulating inflammation, ameliorating cardiac remodeling, and promoting angiogenesis. Herein, we describe knowledge about the biological characteristics of MSC-exosomes, investigate the mechanism by which MSC-exosomes mediate therapeutic repair, and summarize recent advances in the efficacy of MSC-exosomes in CVDs, with a view toward future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, China.
| | - Weipeng Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xiaoxin Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, China
| | - Yunhong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, China
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Primary Chondrosarcoma in L-shaped Crossed Fused Renal Ectopia Coexisting with Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma in Urinary Bladder - An Enigmatic Entity with Poor Prognosis. J Kidney Cancer VHL 2022; 9:9-14. [PMID: 34976575 PMCID: PMC8571990 DOI: 10.15586/jkcvhl.v9i1.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary renal chondrosarcomas are rare tumors that are high-grade in nature and, unfortunately, have poorly understood pathogenesis and extremely low prognosis. The coexistence of a discrete malignancy in the urinary bladder is even rarer, with the occurrence of distinct papillary urothelial carcinoma in the urinary bladder in this case. The clinical presentation is nonspecific, and the primary radiological investigations have a limited scope in providing specific diagnosis of this entity. The final diagnosis is possible on thorough histopathological examination of the resected specimen, which requires extensive sampling and meticulous reporting. As of now, the only way to achieve a better prognosis is by early diagnosis. It is necessary to keep the possibility of occurrence of sarcomas at rare sites in the differential diagnoses. The cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities associated with this entity need to be elucidated to achieve a more satisfactory outcome concerning the overall management of the patient.
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5
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Damayanti RH, Rusdiana T, Wathoni N. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome for Dermatology Application: A Review. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2021; 14:1401-1412. [PMID: 34675575 PMCID: PMC8502696 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s331044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Secretome, also known as conditioned medium, is a secreted molecule from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that has a variety of biological activities that can be used in various therapies, especially on the skin applications. A lack of conventional therapies makes secretome as a promising alternative therapy. The presence of growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles including microvesicles and exosomes in secretome has been widely reported, which serves in improving the proliferation and migration of cells to help in skin regeneration. Therefore, we were able to optimize the use of this secretome in a well-needed special review related to its work in addressing various skin problems. So, in this article, we discussed the benefits and biological activity of secretome on the skin application. This review was compiled based on the approval of several sites, such as Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar with the terms "MSC secretome for skin," "secretome for skin," "secretome dermatology," "secretome conditioned medium for skin," "secretome conditioned medium for skin wound," "secretome conditioned medium for aging," "secretome conditioned medium for hair growth," and "secretome conditioned medium for psoriasis." A total of 215 articles were collected for selection, of which 90 articles were used. Based on the results, it was concluded that secretome has a variety of useful activities to regenerate and repair tissue damage that have not been used on the skin, such as for wound healing, photoprotection, promotion of hair growth, psoriasis treatment, and other application as antimicrobial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Restu Harisma Damayanti
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45353, Indonesia
| | - Taofik Rusdiana
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45353, Indonesia
| | - Nasrul Wathoni
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45353, Indonesia
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6
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Sang L, Guo X, Shi J, Hou S, Fan H, Lv Q. Characteristics and Developments in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for COVID-19: An Update. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5593584. [PMID: 34211556 PMCID: PMC8205583 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5593584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has so far resulted in over a hundred million people being infected. COVID-19 poses a threat to human health around the world. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been confirmed as the pathogenic virus of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the β-coronavirus family of viruses and is mainly transmitted through the respiratory tract. It has been proven that SARS-CoV-2 mainly targets angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) receptors on the surface of various cells in humans. The main clinical symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, cough, and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Current evidence suggests that the damage caused by the virus may be closely related to the induction of cytokine storms in COVID-19. No specific drugs or measures have yet to be shown to cure COVID-19 completely. Cell-based approaches, primarily mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), have been identified to have anti-inflammatory and immune functions in COVID-19. Clinical studies about using MSCs and its derivatives-exosomes for COVID-19 treatment-are under investigation. Here, we review the current progress of the biological characteristics, clinical manifestations, and cell-based treatment development for COVID-19. Providing up-to-date information on COVID-19 and potential MSC therapies will help highlight routes to prevent and treat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Sang
- Institute of Disaster Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoqin Guo
- Institute of Disaster Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Institute of Disaster Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Shike Hou
- Institute of Disaster Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Haojun Fan
- Institute of Disaster Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Lv
- Institute of Disaster Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
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7
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Zhang J, Qin X, Deng Y, Lu J, Li Z, Feng Y, Yan X, Chen M, Gao L, Xu Y, Shi D, Lu F. Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Enhances Mesenchymal Characteristics of Buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis) Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cell Reprogram 2021; 23:127-138. [PMID: 33861638 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2020.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from livestock are valuable resources for animal reproduction and veterinary therapeutics. Previous studies have shown that BMSCs were prone to malignant transformation of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition in vitro, which can cause many barriers to further application of BMSCs. The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway has been widely studied as the most important signaling pathway involved in regulating mesenchymal features of BMSCs. However, the effects of the TGF-β signaling pathway on mesenchymal characteristics of buffalo BMSCs (bBMSCs) remain unclear. In the present study, the impacts of the growth factor, TGF-β1, on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and karyotype of bBMSCs were tested. Besides, the effects of TGF-β1 on pluripotency, mesenchymal markers, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related gene expression of bBMSCs were also examined. Results showed that the suitable concentration and time of TGF-β1 treatment (2 ng/mL and 24 hours) promoted cell proliferation and significantly reduced cell apoptosis (p < 0.05) in bBMSCs. The cell migration capacity and normal karyotype rate of bBMSCs were significantly (p < 0.05) improved under TGF-β1 treatment. The expression levels of pluripotency-related genes (Sox2 and Nanog) and mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin and Fn1) were significantly (p < 0.05) up-regulated under TGF-β1 treatment. Furthermore, TGF-β1 activated the EMT process, thereby contributing to significantly enhancing the expression levels of EMT-related genes (Snail and Slug) (p < 0.05), which in turn improved maintenance of the mesenchymal nature in bBMSCs. Finally, bBMSCs underwent self-transformation more easily and efficiently and exhibited more characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells under TGF-β1 treatment. This study provides theoretical guidance for elucidating the detailed mechanism of the TGF-β signaling pathway in mesenchymal feature maintenance of bBMSCs and is of significance to establish a stable culture system of bBMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiling Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanfei Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiaka Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhengda Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yun Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xi Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Mengjia Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Lv Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ye Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Fenghua Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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8
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Shi J, Zhao YC, Niu ZF, Fan HJ, Hou SK, Guo XQ, Sang L, Lv Q. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles in the treatment of human diseases: Progress and prospect. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:49-63. [PMID: 33584979 PMCID: PMC7859991 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i1.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are self-renewing, multipotent cells that could differentiate into multiple tissues. MSC-based therapy has become an attractive and promising strategy for treating human diseases through immune regulation and tissue repair. However, accumulating data have indicated that MSC-based therapeutic effects are mainly attributed to the properties of the MSC-sourced secretome, especially small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). sEVs are signaling vehicles in intercellular communication in normal or pathological conditions. sEVs contain natural contents, such as proteins, mRNA, and microRNAs, and transfer these functional contents to adjacent cells or distant cells through the circulatory system. MSC-sEVs have drawn much attention as attractive agents for treating multiple diseases. The properties of MSC-sEVs include stability in circulation, good biocompatibility, and low toxicity and immunogenicity. Moreover, emerging evidence has shown that MSC-sEVs have equal or even better treatment efficacies than MSCs in many kinds of disease. This review summarizes the current research efforts on the use of MSC-sEVs in the treatment of human diseases and the existing challenges in their application from lab to clinical practice that need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shi
- Institute of Disaster Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Department of Biomaterials and Regenrative Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yu-Chen Zhao
- Institute of Disaster Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Department of Biomaterials and Regenrative Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Niu
- General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Hao-Jun Fan
- Institute of Disaster Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Department of Biomaterials and Regenrative Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shi-Ke Hou
- Institute of Disaster Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Department of Biomaterials and Regenrative Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Guo
- Institute of Disaster Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Department of Biomaterials and Regenrative Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lu Sang
- Institute of Disaster Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Department of Biomaterials and Regenrative Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qi Lv
- Institute of Disaster Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Department of Biomaterials and Regenrative Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
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Zhang J, Lei C, Deng Y, Ahmed JZ, Shi D, Lu F. Hypoxia Enhances Mesenchymal Characteristics Maintenance of Buffalo Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cell Reprogram 2020; 22:167-177. [PMID: 32453601 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2019.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from livestock are valuable resources for veterinary therapeutics and animal reproduction. Previous studies have shown that hypoxic conditions were beneficial in maintaining the mesenchymal feature of BMSCs. However, the effects of hypoxia on buffalo BMSCs (bBMSCs) remain unclear. In this study, the effects of hypoxic conditions on cell morphology, migration, polarity, and karyotype of bBMSCs were examined. The results showed that hypoxia (5% oxygen) enhanced colony formation and stress fiber synthesis of bBMSCs. Under the hypoxic culture conditions, the migration capacity and normal karyotype rate of bBMSCs were significantly improved (p < 0.05), which resulted in weakened cell polarity and enhanced karyotype stability in bBMSCs. In addition, it was significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated in the expression levels of HIF-TWIST signaling pathway axis-related genes (Hif-1, Hif-2, Twist, Snail, Slug, Fn1, N-cadherin, Collal). The HIF-TWIST axis of bBMSCs was also activated in hypoxia. Finally, it was more effective and easier to maintain the mesenchymal feature of bBMSCs in hypoxic conditions. These findings not only provide theoretical guidance to elucidate the detailed regulation mechanism of hypoxia on mesenchymal nature maintenance of bBMSCs, but also provide positive support to further establish the stable in vitro culture system of bBMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfei Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jam Zaheer Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Deshun Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghua Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
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Schröder C, Khatri R, Petry SF, Linn T. Class I and II Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor LBH589 Promotes Endocrine Differentiation in Bone Marrow Derived Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Suppresses Uncontrolled Proliferation. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2020; 129:357-364. [PMID: 32052390 DOI: 10.1055/a-1103-1900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells are useful tools employed in clinical and preclinical medicine. Their beneficial potential in especially degenerative as well as autoimmune diseases is a constant focus of research. Regarding diabetes mellitus, transplantation of stem cells is seen as a possible therapeutic approach to overcome the loss of endocrine pancreatic cells. It was reported that co-transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells with pancreatic islet cells improves function and survival of the graft. However, these multipotent progenitors may be able to form tumors, especially under immunosuppressed conditions. Histone deacetylase inhibitors might offer the potential to overcome this issue. These small molecules can induce cell differentiation and control proliferation. Their potential to control lineage development of stem cells has been distinctly demonstrated in the treatment of cancer, mainly in hematopoietic neoplasias.In this study, we demonstrate that human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells exhibit low carcinogenic potential in an immunosuppressed condition in vivo. Further, the effect of histone deacetylase inhibitors LBH589, MS-275, and MGCD0103 was examined after normalizing histone deacetylase activities in culture. Interestingly, transcripts of insulin gene enhancer protein and paired-box-gene 6, two markers of pancreatic endocrine differentiation were constitutively expressed in the cell line. The broad spectrum inhibitor of class I and class II histone deacetylases LBH589 upregulated the expression of these transcription factors in a significant way, whereas addition of selective class I histone deacetylase inhibitors MS-275 and MGCD0103 did not result in significant changes in gene expression.In conclusion, we deliver evidence that a combined class I and II histone deacetylase inhibition is able to modulate the transcripts of differentiation markers of mesenchymal stem cells. The treatment holds the capability to facilitate endocrine differentiation in future approaches to replace endocrine cells by stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schröder
- Clinical Research Unit, Centre of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany.,Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rahul Khatri
- Clinical Research Unit, Centre of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Linn
- Clinical Research Unit, Centre of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
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11
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Valenzuela Alvarez M, Gutierrez LM, Correa A, Lazarowski A, Bolontrade MF. Metastatic Niches and the Modulatory Contribution of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Its Exosomes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1946. [PMID: 31010037 PMCID: PMC6515194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent an interesting population due to their capacity to release a variety of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, and due to their motile nature and homing ability. MSCs can be isolated from different sources, like adipose tissue or bone marrow, and have the capacity to differentiate, both in vivo and in vitro, into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts, making them even more interesting in the regenerative medicine field. Tumor associated stroma has been recognized as a key element in tumor progression, necessary for the biological success of the tumor, and MSCs represent a functionally fundamental part of this associated stroma. Exosomes represent one of the dominant signaling pathways within the tumor microenvironment. Their biology raises high interest, with implications in different biological processes involved in cancer progression, such as the formation of the pre-metastatic niche. This is critical during the metastatic cascade, given that it is the formation of a permissive context that would allow metastatic tumor cells survival within the new environment. In this context, we explored the role of exosomes, particularly MSCs-derived exosomes as direct or indirect modulators. All this points out a possible new tool useful for designing better treatment and detection strategies for metastatic progression, including the management of chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Valenzuela Alvarez
- Remodelative Processes and Cellular Niches Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica (IMTIB)-CONICET-Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano-Hospital Italiano Buenos Aires (HIBA), C1199ACL Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Luciana M Gutierrez
- Remodelative Processes and Cellular Niches Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica (IMTIB)-CONICET-Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano-Hospital Italiano Buenos Aires (HIBA), C1199ACL Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | - Alberto Lazarowski
- INFIBIOC, Clinical Biochemistry Department, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry (FFyB), University of Buenos Aires (UBA), C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Marcela F Bolontrade
- Remodelative Processes and Cellular Niches Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica (IMTIB)-CONICET-Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano-Hospital Italiano Buenos Aires (HIBA), C1199ACL Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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12
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Wang Y, Liu S, Tian Y, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Zhou X, Meng X, Song N. Prognostic role of galectin-3 expression in patients with solid tumors: a meta-analysis of 36 eligible studies. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:172. [PMID: 30410421 PMCID: PMC6215616 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0668-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Galectin-3 as a β-galactoside-binding protein, has been found to be involved in tumor cell growth, anti-apoptosis, adhesion, angiogenesis, invasion, and distant metastases, indicating that it may play a pivotal role in cancer development and progression. However, their results remain debatable and inconclusive. Hence, this meta-analysis was performed to clarify the precise predictive value of galectin-3 in various cancers. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI and Wanfang databases were searched comprehensively for eligible studies up to July 15, 2018. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of OS or DFS/PFS/RFS were calculated to demonstrate their associations. Results A total of 36 relevant studies were ultimately enrolled in this meta-analysis. Our results shed light on the significant association of elevated galectin-3 expression with reduced OS or DFS/RFS/PFS in overall cancer patients (pooled HR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.42–2.27, I2= 67.3%, p < 0.01; pooled HR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.04–2.37, I2= 67.1%, p = 0.001). In tumor type subgroup analysis, we found high expression of galectin-3 was correlated with shorter OS or DFS/RFS/PFS in colorectal cancer (pooled HR = 3.05, 95% CI 2.13–4.35, I2= 0.0%, p = 0.734; pooled HR = 2.49, 95% CI 1.82–3.41, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.738; respectively) and meanwhile it merely associated with reduced OS in ovarian cancer or non-small cell lung cancer (pooled HR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.38–3.64, I2= 0.0%, p = 0.910; pooled HR = 2.07, 95% CI 1.48–2.88, I2= 0.0%, p = 0.563; separately). Conclusions Taken together, our results suggested that galectin-3 played an oncogenic role in colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, indicating it could be a promising biomarker and a novel therapeutic target for them. Further studies were warranted to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Yamin Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Qijie Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Xianghu Meng
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Ninghong Song
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
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13
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Golovynska I, Kalmukova O, Svitina HM, Kyryk VM, Shablii VA, Senchylo NV, Ostrovska GV, Dzerzhinskyi M, Stepanov YV, Golovynskyi S, Ohulchanskyy TY, Liu L, Garmanchuk LV, Qu J. Morpho-Functional Characteristics of Bone Marrow Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells after Activation or Inhibition of Epidermal Growth Factor and Toll-Like Receptors or Treatment with DNA Intercalator Cisplatin. Cytometry A 2018; 95:24-33. [PMID: 30240134 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed to reveal morphological and functional changes in multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from the rat bone marrow after: (i) activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) with teichoic acid (TA), (ii) impact on epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors with activator EGF or inhibitor Herceptin, and (iii) treatment with DNA intercalator Cisplatin. According to our results, TA and EGF cause an increase in the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans, c-Myc content, and protein in the MSC cytoplasm. It was observed that the cell population in G0 phase decreased and the cell population in G1 phase increased, when compared with control. At the same time, the cell population with a higher nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio (NCR) in S and G2 phases also increased. This indicates the manifestation of the MSC mesenchymal phenotype, exhibiting indirect metabolic signs of the regenerative potential increase. In other experiments, Herceptin was shown to suppress only the stemness signs of MSCs, while Cisplatin seriously affected cell viability in general, reducing synthetic and proliferative activities and causing cell morphology disturbances. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia Golovynska
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Olesia Kalmukova
- ESC Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine.,State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 04114, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Hanna M Svitina
- Pharmacen, Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Vitaliy M Kyryk
- State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 04114, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Nataliya V Senchylo
- ESC Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Galyna V Ostrovska
- ESC Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Mykola Dzerzhinskyi
- ESC Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yurii V Stepanov
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Sergii Golovynskyi
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Tymish Y Ohulchanskyy
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Liudmila V Garmanchuk
- ESC Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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14
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Wang D, Rai B, Qi F, Liu T, Wang J, Wang X, Ma B. Influence of the Twist gene on the invasion and metastasis of colon cancer. Oncol Rep 2018; 39:31-44. [PMID: 29115546 PMCID: PMC5783602 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.6076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the role of the Twist gene in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its effects on the invasion and metastasis of malignant tumors. In vitro, we transfected SW480, HCT116 and HT29 cells with recombinant plasmids, pTracer-CMV/BSD-Twist and pGenesil1.2-Twist-shRNA, to influence expression of Twist. The transfection efficacy of the plasmids in the cell lines was confirmed by flow cytometry. The relative mRNA and protein expression levels of Twist, E-cadherin and vimentin in the transfected cells were detected by RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. In addition, migration and invasion were assessed by Transwell assays. In vivo, we established a xenogenic liver metastasis mouse model by intrasplenic injection with transfected SW480, HCT116 or HT29 human colon cancer cells and used hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining to demonstrate the effective establishment of the model. The relative mRNA levels of Twist and vimentin were detected by RT-PCR. In vitro, RT-PCR and western blotting showed higher relative mRNA and protein expression levels of Twist and vimentin in cell lines transfected with the recombinant, highly expressed Twist plasmid than in non-transfected cell lines (P<0.05), while E-cadherin was inhibited (P<0.05). After transfection with the plasmid pGenesil1.2-Twist-shRNA, the relative mRNA and protein levels of Twist and vimentin were markedly inhibited in the HCT116 cells (P<0.05), and the levels of E-cadherin were not changed (P>0.05), along with inhibition of the migration and invasion abilities of the cell line (P<0.01). In vivo, relative mRNA levels of Twist and vimentin in both the liver and spleen of the mouse model were higher in the groups that were injected with one of the three cell lines transfected with pTracer-CMV/BSD-Twist than in the groups injected with cells transfected with pGenesil1.2-Twist-shRNA (P<0.05). In conclusion, upregulation of Twist gene expression can promote EMT molecular events. Interfering with the Twist gene can effectively silence Twist gene expression in HCT116 cells and consequently inhibit colon cancer cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duowei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Bikash Rai
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Jinmiao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Bozhao Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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15
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Cimino M, Gonçalves RM, Bauman E, Barroso-Vilares M, Logarinho E, Barrias CC, Martins MCL. Optimization of the use of a pharmaceutical grade xeno-free medium for in vitro expansion of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e1785-e1795. [PMID: 29024519 DOI: 10.1002/term.2588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) are considered promising therapeutic agents in the field of cell therapy and regenerative medicine, mainly due to their relative facility to be isolated, multi-differentiation potential, and immunomodulatory role. However, their application in clinics requires a crucial step of in vitro expansion. Most of the protocols for hMSCs in vitro culture use foetal bovine serum as medium supplement that, being from animal origin, presents several safety concerns and may initiate xenogeneic immune responses after cells transplantation. This work reports the optimization of a pharmaceutical-grade xeno-free strategy for hMSCs in vitro expansion based on the supplementation of basal medium with a pharmaceutical-grade human plasma-derived supplement for cell culture (SCC) and 2 human growth factors (bFGF and TGFβ1), plus a coating of human plasma fibronectin (Fn). After 4 weeks in culture, this strategy improves hMSCs expansion yield about 4.3-fold in comparison with foetal bovine serum supplementation and 4.5-fold compared with a commercially available xeno-free medium. hMSCs expanded in SCC-based formulation maintained their phenotype and differentiation capacity into osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages, without alterations in cell karyotype. Overall, the SCC-based medium appears to be an excellent alternative for the xeno-free expansion of hMSCs as therapeutic agents for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cimino
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.,INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - R M Gonçalves
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.,INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - E Bauman
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.,INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - M Barroso-Vilares
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.,IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - E Logarinho
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.,IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - C C Barrias
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.,INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - M C L Martins
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.,INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
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16
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Wu L, Han L, Zhou C, Wei W, Chen X, Yi H, Wu X, Bai X, Guo S, Yu Y, Liang L, Wang W. TGF-β1-induced CK17 enhances cancer stem cell-like properties rather than EMT in promoting cervical cancer metastasis via the ERK1/2-MZF1 signaling pathway. FEBS J 2017; 284:3000-3017. [PMID: 28703907 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis remains a major obstacle for improving overall cancer survival in cervical cancer (CC), which may be due to the existence of tumor microenvironment-related cancer stem cells (CSCs) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The mechanism underlying these processes needs to be further elucidated. Here, we report that TGF-β1, one of the key microenvironmental stimuli, can enhance CSC characteristics, facilitate the EMT, and induce CK17. Silencing CK17 expression attenuated CSC-like properties without affecting the EMT markers induced by TGF-β1, whereas forced overexpression of CK17 promoted lymphatic metastasis in vivo even without EMT inducement. Inhibitors of ERK1/2 signaling drastically decreased the induction of CK17 mediated by TGF-β1. By combined computational and experimental approaches, we identified and validated that MZF1 was a key transcription factor binding to the promoter of CK17. Taken together, these results demonstrate that CK17 induced by the TGF-β1-ERK1/2-MZF1 signaling pathway facilitates metastasis by promoting the acquisition of CSC properties rather than by inducing the EMT process in CC, suggesting that this CK17-related signaling pathway might be a suitable target for the development of therapy for CC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfang Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingfei Han
- Department of Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenfei Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenfei Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyan Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangguang Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangyang Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Suiqun Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanhong Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Roh KH, Nerem RM, Roy K. Biomanufacturing of Therapeutic Cells: State of the Art, Current Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2017; 7:455-78. [PMID: 27276552 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-080615-033559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells and other functionally defined therapeutic cells (e.g., T cells) are promising to bring hope of a permanent cure for diseases and disorders that currently cannot be cured by conventional drugs or biological molecules. This paradigm shift in modern medicine of using cells as novel therapeutics can be realized only if suitable manufacturing technologies for large-scale, cost-effective, reproducible production of high-quality cells can be developed. Here we review the state of the art in therapeutic cell manufacturing, including cell purification and isolation, activation and differentiation, genetic modification, expansion, packaging, and preservation. We identify current challenges and discuss opportunities to overcome them such that cell therapies become highly effective, safe, and predictively reproducible while at the same time becoming affordable and widely available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ho Roh
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0313; .,The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Robert M Nerem
- The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332.,The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Krishnendu Roy
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0313; .,The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
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18
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Huang Z, Ai Z, Li N, Xi H, Gao X, Wang F, Tan X, Liu H. Over expression of galectin-3 associates with short-term poor prognosis in stage II colon cancer. Cancer Biomark 2017; 17:445-455. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of ``Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment'', Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zenan Ai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of ``Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment'', Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haofeng Xi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xucan Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojun Tan
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of ``Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment'', Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells May Promote Breast Cancer Progression and Metastatic Spread. Plast Reconstr Surg 2015; 136:76-84. [PMID: 26111315 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000001321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell-enriched fat grafting has been proposed as a potential therapy for reconstructive, restorative, or enhancement-related procedures of the breast. Its role in postoncologic breast reconstruction is still emerging, with concerns about safety. The authors investigated the dose-dependent interaction between human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AD-MSCs) and human breast cancer cell (BCC) lines [MDA-MB-231 (MDA) and MCF-7 (MCF)] focusing on tumor microenvironment, tumor growth, and metastatic spread. METHODS Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cell influence on viability and factor expression [regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), tumor necrosis factor-α, and eotaxin) of breast cancer cells was studied in vitro using direct and indirect co-culture systems. Groups were formed according to adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cell-to-cancer cell number ratio [MDA/MCF only, AD-MSC/(MDA/MCF), and AD-MSC/(MDA/MCF)]. A humanized orthotopic murine cancer model was used to evaluate breast cancer progression and metastasis (n = 10/group). Cells were injected into the mammary pad in different ratios and animals were monitored over 42 days. Microdialysis was performed to analyze RANTES levels in the tumor microenvironment (days 21 and 42). Primary and metastatic tumors were weighed and analyzed for oncogene, growth factor, and metastatic marker expression. RESULTS MDA cell viability increased from 45.5 percent to 95.5 percent in presence of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in vitro. In vivo, animals with AD-MSC showed increased mean tumor weight (MDA, p < 0.01; MCF versus controls, p < 0.05) and metastatic occurrence (40 percent in MDA; 30 percent in MCF versus 0 percent in controls). Cytokine analysis revealed switching of MCF tumor phenotype to a more malignant type in the presence of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. CONCLUSION Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells may promote progression and metastatic spread in breast cancer through a switch to a more malignant phenotype with worse prognosis.
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20
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Möbius MA, Thébaud B. Stem Cells and Their Mediators - Next Generation Therapy for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2015; 2:50. [PMID: 26284246 PMCID: PMC4520239 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2015.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a major complication of premature birth. Despite great achievements in perinatal medicine over the past decades, there is no treatment for BPD. Recent insights into the biology of stem/progenitor cells have ignited the hope of regenerating damaged organs. Animal experiments revealed promising lung protection/regeneration with stem/progenitor cells in experimental models of BPD and led to first clinical studies in infants. However, these therapies are still experimental and knowledge on the exact mechanisms of action of these cells is limited. Furthermore, heterogeneity of the therapeutic cell populations and missing potency assays currently limit our ability to predict a cell product’s efficacy. Here, we review the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal, endothelial progenitor, and amniotic epithelial cells for BPD. Current knowledge on the mechanisms behind the beneficial effects of stem cells is briefly summarized. Finally, we discuss the obstacles constraining their transition from bench-to-bedside and present potential approaches to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius A Möbius
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany ; DFG Research Center and Cluster of Excellence for Regenerative Therapies (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany ; Regenerative Medicine Program, Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada ; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada
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21
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Buddingh EP, Ruslan SEN, Reijnders CMA, Szuhai K, Kuijjer ML, Roelofs H, Hogendoorn PCW, Maarten Egeler R, Cleton-Jansen AM, Lankester AC. Mesenchymal stromal cells of osteosarcoma patients do not show evidence of neoplastic changes during long-term culture. Clin Sarcoma Res 2015; 5:16. [PMID: 26106474 PMCID: PMC4477606 DOI: 10.1186/s13569-015-0031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In vitro expanded mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are increasingly used as experimental cellular therapy. However, there have been concerns regarding the safety of their use, particularly with regard to possible oncogenic transformation. MSCs are the hypothesized precursor cells of high-grade osteosarcoma, a tumor with often complex karyotypes occurring mainly in adolescents and young adults. Methods To determine if MSCs from osteosarcoma patients could be predisposed to malignant transformation we cultured MSCs of nine osteosarcoma patients and five healthy donors for an average of 649 days (range 601–679 days). Also, we compared MSCs derived from osteosarcoma patients at diagnosis and from healthy donors using genome wide gene expression profiling. Results Upon increasing passage, increasing frequencies of binucleate cells were detected, but no increase in proliferation suggestive of malignant transformation occurred in MSCs from either patients or donors. Hematopoietic cell specific Lyn substrate 1 (HLCS1) was differentially expressed (fold change 0.25, P value 0.0005) between MSCs of osteosarcoma patients (n = 14) and healthy donors (n = 9). Conclusions This study shows that although HCLS1 expression was downregulated in MSCs of osteosarcoma patients and binucleate cells were present in both patient and donor derived MSCs, there was no evidence of neoplastic changes to occur during long-term culture. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13569-015-0031-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie P Buddingh
- Department of Pediatrics, J6-S, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S Eriaty N Ruslan
- Department of Pediatrics, J6-S, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Karoly Szuhai
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke L Kuijjer
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Helene Roelofs
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - R Maarten Egeler
- Department of Pediatrics, J6-S, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arjan C Lankester
- Department of Pediatrics, J6-S, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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22
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NguyenThai QA, Sharma N, Luong DH, Sodhi SS, Kim JH, Kim N, Oh SJ, Jeong DK. Targeted inhibition of osteosarcoma tumor growth by bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells expressing cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine in tumor-bearing mice. J Gene Med 2015; 17:87-99. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Quynh-Anh NguyenThai
- Department of Animal Biotechnology; Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University; Jeju Si Jeju-do South Korea
| | - Neelesh Sharma
- Department of Animal Biotechnology; Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University; Jeju Si Jeju-do South Korea
| | - Do Huynh Luong
- Department of Animal Biotechnology; Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University; Jeju Si Jeju-do South Korea
| | - Simrinder Singh Sodhi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology; Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University; Jeju Si Jeju-do South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology; Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University; Jeju Si Jeju-do South Korea
| | - Nameun Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology; Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University; Jeju Si Jeju-do South Korea
| | - Sung-Jong Oh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology; Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University; Jeju Si Jeju-do South Korea
| | - Dong Kee Jeong
- Department of Animal Biotechnology; Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University; Jeju Si Jeju-do South Korea
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Arango-Rodriguez ML, Ezquer F, Ezquer M, Conget P. Could cancer and infection be adverse effects of mesenchymal stromal cell therapy? World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:408-417. [PMID: 25815124 PMCID: PMC4369496 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i2.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells [also referred to as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)] are a heterogeneous subset of stromal cells. They can be isolated from bone marrow and many other types of tissue. MSCs are currently being tested for therapeutic purposes (i.e., improving hematopoietic stem cell engraftment, managing inflammatory diseases and regenerating damaged organs). Their tropism for tumors and inflamed sites and their context-dependent potential for producing trophic and immunomodulatory factors raises the question as to whether MSCs promote cancer and/or infection. This article reviews the effect of MSCs on tumor establishment, growth and metastasis and also susceptibility to infection and its progression. Data published to date shows a paradoxical effect regarding MSCs, which seems to depend on isolation and expansion, cells source and dose and the route and timing of administration. Cancer and infection may thus be adverse or therapeutic effects arising form MSC administration.
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24
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Yang J, Ren Z, Du X, Hao M, Zhou W. The role of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells in sarcoma: update and dispute. Stem Cell Investig 2014; 1:18. [PMID: 27358864 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2306-9759.2014.10.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoma is the collective name for a relatively rare, yet heterogeneous group of cancers, most probably derived from mesenchymal tissues. There are currently over 50 sarcoma subtypes described underscoring the clinical and biologic diversity of this group of malignant cancers. This wide lineage range might suggest that sarcomas originate from either many committed different cell types or from a multipotent cell. Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) are able to differentiate into many cell types and these multipotent cells have been isolated from several adult human tumors, making them available for research as well as potential beneficial therapeutical agents. Recent accomplishments in the field have broadened our knowledge of MSCs in relation to sarcoma origin and sarcoma treatment in therapeutic settings. However, numerous concerns and disputes have been raised about whether they are the putative originating cells of sarcoma and their questionable role in sarcomagenesis and progression. We summarize the update and dispute about MSC investigations in sarcomas including the definition, cell origin hypothesis, functional and descriptive assays, roles in sarcomagenesis and targeted therapy, with the purpose to give a comprehensive view of the role of MSCs in sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilong Yang
- 1 Departments of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, 2 National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China ; 3 Departments of Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 30060, China
| | - Zhiwu Ren
- 1 Departments of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, 2 National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China ; 3 Departments of Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 30060, China
| | - Xiaoling Du
- 1 Departments of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, 2 National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China ; 3 Departments of Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 30060, China
| | - Mengze Hao
- 1 Departments of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, 2 National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China ; 3 Departments of Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 30060, China
| | - Wenya Zhou
- 1 Departments of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, 2 National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China ; 3 Departments of Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 30060, China
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Hryniuk A, Grainger S, Savory JGA, Lohnes D. Cdx1 and Cdx2 function as tumor suppressors. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:33343-54. [PMID: 25320087 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.583823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, colorectal cancer is often initiated through APC loss of function, which leads to crypt hyperplasia and polyposis driven by unrestricted canonical Wnt signaling. Such polyps typically arise in the colorectal region and are at risk of transforming to invasive adenocarcinomas. Although colorectal cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide, the processes impacting initiation, transformation, and invasion are incompletely understood. Murine APC(Min/+) mutants are often used to model colorectal cancers; however, they develop nonmetastatic tumors confined largely to the small intestine and are thus not entirely representative of the human disease. APC(Min/+) alleles can collaborate with mutations impacting other pathways to recapitulate some aspects of human colorectal cancer. To this end, we assessed APC(Min/+)-induced polyposis following somatic loss of the homeodomain transcription factor Cdx2, alone or with a Cdx1 null allele, in the adult gastrointestinal tract. APC(Min/+)-Cdx2 mutants recapitulated several aspects of human colorectal cancer, including an invasive phenotype. Notably, the concomitant loss of Cdx1 led to a significant increase in the incidence of tumors in the distal colon, relative to APC(Min/+)-Cdx2 offspring, demonstrating a previously unrecognized role for this transcription factor in colorectal tumorigenesis. These findings underscore previously unrecognized roles for Cdx members in intestinal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Hryniuk
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Stephanie Grainger
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Joanne G A Savory
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - David Lohnes
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
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26
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Wuchter P, Bieback K, Schrezenmeier H, Bornhäuser M, Müller LP, Bönig H, Wagner W, Meisel R, Pavel P, Tonn T, Lang P, Müller I, Renner M, Malcherek G, Saffrich R, Buss EC, Horn P, Rojewski M, Schmitt A, Ho AD, Sanzenbacher R, Schmitt M. Standardization of Good Manufacturing Practice-compliant production of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stromal cells for immunotherapeutic applications. Cytotherapy 2014; 17:128-39. [PMID: 24856898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Human mesenchymal stem or stromal cells (MSCs) represent a potential resource not only for regenerative medicine but also for immunomodulatory cell therapies. The application of different MSC culture protocols has significantly hampered the comparability of experimental and clinical data from different laboratories and has posed a major obstacle for multicenter clinical trials. Manufacturing of cell products for clinical application in the European Community must be conducted in compliance with Good Manufacturing Practice and requires a manufacturing license. In Germany, the Paul-Ehrlich-Institut as the Federal Authority for Vaccines and Biomedicines is critically involved in the approval process. METHODS This report summarizes a consensus meeting between researchers, clinicians and regulatory experts on standard quality requirements for MSC production. RESULTS The strategy for quality control testing depends on the product's cell composition, the manufacturing process and the indication and target patient population. Important quality criteria in this sense are, among others, the immunophenotype of the cells, composition of the culture medium and the risk for malignant transformation, as well as aging and the immunosuppressive potential of the manufactured MSCs. CONCLUSIONS This position paper intends to provide relevant information to interested parties regarding these criteria to foster the development of scientifically valid and harmonized quality standards and to support approval of MSC-based investigational medicinal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Wuchter
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen and University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lutz P Müller
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Halvard Bönig
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main and German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Technology, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, University of Aachen Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Roland Meisel
- Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Clinic for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Petra Pavel
- Stem Cell Laboratory, IKTZ Heidelberg GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Torsten Tonn
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Lang
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Müller
- Clinic for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Renner
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
| | - Georg Malcherek
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Saffrich
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eike C Buss
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Horn
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Rojewski
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen and University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Schmitt
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anthony D Ho
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Sanzenbacher
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Du T, Ju G, Wu S, Cheng Z, Cheng J, Zou X, Zhang G, Miao S, Liu G, Zhu Y. Microvesicles derived from human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells promote human renal cancer cell growth and aggressiveness through induction of hepatocyte growth factor. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96836. [PMID: 24797571 PMCID: PMC4010513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, microvesicles (MVs) released from human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs) retard the growth of bladder cancer cells. We would like to know if MVs have a similar effect on human renal cell carcinoma (RCC). By use of cell culture and the BALB/c nu/nu mice xeno-graft model, the influence of MVs upon the growth and aggressiveness of RCC (786-0) was assessed. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, incidence of tumor, tumor size, Ki-67 or TUNEL staining was used to evaluate tumor cell growth in vitro or in vivo. Flow cytometry assay (in vitro) or examination of cyclin D1 expression (in vivo) was carried out to determine the alteration of cell cycle. The aggressiveness was analyzed by Wound Healing Assay (in vitro) or MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression (in vivo). AKT/p-AKT, ERK1/2/p-ERK1/2 or HGF/c-MET expression was detected by real-time PCR or western blot. Our data demonstrated that MVs promote the growth and aggressiveness of RCC both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, MVs facilitated the progression of cell cycle from G0/1 to S. HGF expression in RCC was greatly induced by MVs, associated with activation of AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. RNase pre-treatment abrogated all effects of MVs. In summary, induction of HGF synthesis via RNA transferred by MVs activating AKT and ERK1/2 signaling is one of crucial contributors to the pro-tumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Du
- Department of Urology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Guanqun Ju
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (GJ); (YZ)
| | - Shuai Wu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Urology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Zhongliang Cheng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Department of Urology, Nantong Tongzhou People's Hospital, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Zou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Guangyuan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Miao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yingjian Zhu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (GJ); (YZ)
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Gastritis promotes an activated bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell with a phenotype reminiscent of a cancer-promoting cell. Dig Dis Sci 2014; 59:569-82. [PMID: 24202649 PMCID: PMC4301577 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-013-2927-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) promote gastric cancer in response to gastritis. In culture, BM-MSCs are prone to mutation with continued passage but it is unknown whether a similar process occurs in vivo in response to gastritis. AIM The purpose of this study was to identify the role of chronic gastritis in the transformation of BM-MSCs leading to an activated cancer-promoting phenotype. METHODS Age matched C57BL/6 (BL/6) and gastrin deficient (GKO) mice were used for isolation of stomach, serum and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) at 3 and 6 months of age. MSC activation was assessed by growth curve analysis, fluorescence-activated cell sorting and xenograft assays. To allow for the isolation of bone marrow-derived stromal cells and assay in response to chronic gastritis, IRG/Vav-1(Cre) mice that expressed both enhanced green fluorescent protein-expressing hematopoietic cells and red fluorescent protein-expressing stromal cells were generated. In a parabiosis experiment, IRG/Vav-1(Cre) mice were paired to either an uninfected Vav-1(Cre) littermate or a BL/6 mouse inoculated with Helicobacter pylori. RESULTS GKO mice displayed severe atrophic gastritis accompanied by elevated gastric tissue and circulating transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) by 3 months of age. Compared to BM-MSCs isolated from uninflamed BL/6 mice, BM-MSCs isolated from GKO mice displayed an increased proliferative rate and elevated phosphorylated-Smad3 suggesting active TGFβ signaling. In xenograft assays, mice injected with BM-MSCs from 6-month-old GKO animals displayed tumor growth. RFP+ stromal cells were rapidly recruited to the gastric mucosa of H. pylori parabionts and exhibited changes in gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Gastritis promotes the in vivo activation of BM-MSCs to a phenotype reminiscent of a cancer-promoting cell.
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30
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Developing stem cell therapeutics for the heart also requires targeting non-myocytes. Heart Lung Circ 2013; 22:975-9. [PMID: 24231432 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2013.10.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Di Franco S, Todaro M, Dieli F, Stassi G. Colorectal cancer defeating? Challenge accepted! Mol Aspects Med 2013; 39:61-81. [PMID: 23927966 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal tumours are actually considered as aberrant organs, within it is possible to notice a different stage of cell growth and differentiation. Their origin is reported to arise from a subpopulation of tumour cells endowed with, just like the healthy stem cells, self-renewal and aberrant multi-lineage differentiation capacity likely to be called colorectal cancer stem cells (CCSCs). Cancer stem cells (CSCs) fate, since their origin, reflects the influences from their microenvironment (or niche) both in the maintenance of stemness, in promoting their differentiation, and in inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition, responsible of CSCs dissemination and subsequent formation of metastatic lesions. The tumour cells heterogeneity and their immuno-response resistance nowadays probably responsible of the failure of the conventional therapies, make this research field an open issue. Even more importantly, our increasing understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate CSC quiescence and cell cycle regulation, self-renewal, chemotaxis and resistance to cytotoxic agents, is expected to eventually result in tailor-made therapies with a significant impact on the morbidity and overall survival of colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Di Franco
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Via Liborio Giuffre' 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - M Todaro
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Via Liborio Giuffre' 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - F Dieli
- Division of Immunology and Immunogenetics, Department of Biotechnology and Medical and Forensic Biopathological (DIBIMEF), Palermo, Italy
| | - G Stassi
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Via Liborio Giuffre' 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
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Krumboeck A, Giovanoli P, Plock JA. Fat grafting and stem cell enhanced fat grafting to the breast under oncological aspects--recommendations for patient selection. Breast 2013; 22:579-84. [PMID: 23769661 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Reconstructive and aesthetic fat grafting has been introduced to the breast level over the last years. The safety of such procedures has so far not been completely clarified. The concept has now been refined to stem cell enhanced fat grafting. However beside the promise of using adult stem cells in terms of tissue rejuvenation and augmentation, scar treatment and reconstruction, the variance of adipose stem cell function--including angiogenetic, antiapoptotic, immunomodulatory, chemotactic and anti-scarring potential--raises new scepsis about oncological safety. Herein we reviewed experimental and clinical data on fat grafting and stem cell enhanced fat grafting addressing surgical promise and oncological concerns. Based on these data we suggest clinical criteria for patient selection undergoing fat grafting for aesthetic or reconstructive reasons based on their individual breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Krumboeck
- Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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Wu S, Ju GQ, Du T, Zhu YJ, Liu GH. Microvesicles derived from human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells attenuate bladder tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61366. [PMID: 23593475 PMCID: PMC3625149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies suggest that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess antitumor properties; however, the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Recently, microvesicles (MVs) are considered as a novel avenue intercellular communication, which may be a mediator in MSCs-related antitumor effect. In the present study, we evaluated whether MVs derived from human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJMSCs) may inhibit bladder tumor T24 cells growth using cell culture and the BALB/c nu/nu mice xenograft model. CCK-8 assay and Ki-67 immunostaining were performed to estimate cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometry and TUNEL assay were used to assess cell cycle and apoptosis. To study the conceivable mechanism by which hWJMSC-MVs attenuate bladder tumor T24 cells, we estimated the expression of Akt/p-Akt, p-p53, p21 and cleaved Caspase 3 by Western blot technique after exposing T24 cells to hWJMSC-MVs for 24, 48 and 72h. Our data indicated that hWJMSC-MVs can inhibit T24 cells proliferative viability via cell cycle arrest and induce apoptosis in T24 cells in vitro and in vivo. This study showed that hWJMSC-MVs down-regulated phosphorylation of Akt protein kinase and up-regulated cleaved Caspase 3 during the process of anti-proliferation and pro-apoptosis in T24 cells. These results demonstrate that hWJMSC-MVs play a vital role in hWJMSC-induced antitumor effect and may be a novel tool for cancer therapy as a new mechanism of cell-to-cell communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Guan-Qun Ju
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Du
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Jian Zhu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YJZ); (GHL)
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YJZ); (GHL)
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Shi JW, Liu W, Zhang TT, Wang SC, Lin XL, Li J, Jia JS, Sheng HF, Yao ZF, Zhao WT, Zhao ZL, Xie RY, Yang S, Gao F, Fan QR, Zhang MY, Yue M, Yuan J, Gu WW, Yao KT, Xiao D. The enforced expression of c-Myc in pig fibroblasts triggers mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) via F-actin reorganization and RhoA/Rock pathway inactivation. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:1119-27. [PMID: 23466707 DOI: 10.4161/cc.24164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous studies from other labs it has been well demonstrated that the ectopic expression of c-Myc in mammary epithelial cells can induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereas in our pilot experiment, epithelial-like morphological changes were unexpectedly observed in c-Myc-expressing pig fibroblasts [i.e., porcine embryonic fibroblasts (PEFs) and porcine dermal fibroblasts (PDFs)] and pig mesenchymal stem cells, suggesting that the same c-Myc gene is entitled to trigger EMT in epithelial cells and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) in fibroblasts. This prompted us to characterize the existence of a MET in c-Myc-expressing PEFs and PDFs at the molecular level. qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence and western blot analysis illustrated that epithelial-like morphological changes were accompanied by the increased expression of epithelial markers [such as cell adhesion proteins (E-cadherin, α-catenin and Bves), tight junction protein occludin and cytokeratins (Krt8 and Krt18)], the reduced expression of mesenchymal markers [vimentin, fibronectin 1 (FN1), snail1, collagen family of proteins (COL1A1, COL5A2) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family (MMP12 and MMP14)] and the decreased cell motility and increased cell adhesion in c-Myc-expressing PEFs and PDFs. Furthermore, the ectopic expression of c-Myc in pig fibroblasts disrupted the stress fiber network, suppressed the formation of filopodia and lamellipodia, and resulted in RhoA/Rock pathway inactivation, which finally participates in epithelial-like morphological conversion. Taken together, these findings demonstrate, for the first time, that the enforced expression of c-Myc in fibroblasts can trigger MET, to which cytoskeleton depolymerization and RhoA/Rock pathway inactivation contribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Wen Shi
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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de la Portilla F, Alba F, García-Olmo D, Herrerías JM, González FX, Galindo A. Expanded allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells (eASCs) for the treatment of complex perianal fistula in Crohn's disease: results from a multicenter phase I/IIa clinical trial. Int J Colorectal Dis 2013; 28:313-23. [PMID: 23053677 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-012-1581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The management of perianal fistula in patients with Crohn's disease is an extremely challenging medical problem as many fistulas do not respond to available treatments. The objectives were to assess the safety and efficacy of a suspension of expanded adipose-derived allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (eASCs) for the treatment of complex perianal fistula in Crohn's disease METHODS An open-label, single-arm clinical trial was conducted at six Spanish hospitals. Twenty-four patients were administered intralesionally with 20 million eASCs in one draining fistula tract. A subsequent administration of 40 million eASCs was performed if fistula closure was incomplete at week 12. Subjects were followed until week 24 after the initial administration. RESULTS Treatment-related adverse events did not indicate any clinical safety concerns after 6 months follow-up. The full analysis of efficacy data at week 24 showed 69.2 % of the patients with a reduction in the number of draining fistulas, 56.3 % of the patients achieved complete closure of the treated fistula achieved, and 30 % of the cases presenting complete closure of all existing fistula tracts. Of note, closure was strictly defined as: absence of suppuration through the external orifice and complete re-epithelization, plus absence of collections measured by magnetic resonance image scan (MRI). Furthermore, MRI Score of Severity showed statistically significant differences at week 12 with a marked reduction at week 24. CONCLUSIONS Locally injected eASCs appear to be a simple, safe, and beneficial therapy for perianal fistula in Crohn's disease patients. Additional studies are needed to further confirm the efficacy of the eASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F de la Portilla
- Coloproctology Unit, Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain.
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The efficacy and safety of platelet-rich plasma and adipose-derived stem cells: an update. Arch Plast Surg 2012; 39:585-92. [PMID: 23233882 PMCID: PMC3518000 DOI: 10.5999/aps.2012.39.6.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past decade, many studies using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have been conducted in various medical fields, from cardiovascular research to applications for corneal diseases. Nonetheless, there are several limitations of practical applications of PRP and ASCs. Most reports of PRP are anecdotal and few include controls to determine the specific role of PRP. There is little consensus regarding PRP production and characterization. Some have reported the development of an antibody to bovine thrombin, which was the initiator of platelet activation. In the case of ASCs, good manufacturing practices are needed for the production of clinical-grade human stem cells, and in vitro expansion of ASCs requires approval of the Korea Food and Drug Administration, such that considerable expense and time are required. Additionally, some have reported that ASCs could have a potential risk of transformation to malignant cells. Therefore, the authors tried to investigate the latest research on the efficacy and safety of PRP and ASCs and report on the current state and regulation of these stem cell-based therapies.
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Shoshani O, Massalha H, Shani N, Kagan S, Ravid O, Madar S, Trakhtenbrot L, Leshkowitz D, Rechavi G, Zipori D. Polyploidization of murine mesenchymal cells is associated with suppression of the long noncoding RNA H19 and reduced tumorigenicity. Cancer Res 2012; 72:6403-13. [PMID: 23047867 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are used extensively in clinical trials; however, the possibility that MSCs have a potential for malignant transformation was raised. We examined the genomic stability versus the tumor-forming capacity of multiple mouse MSCs. Murine MSCs have been shown to be less stable and more prone to malignant transformation than their human counterparts. A large series of independently isolated MSC populations exhibited low tumorigenic potential under syngeneic conditions, which increased in immunocompromised animals. Unexpectedly, higher ploidy correlated with reduced tumor-forming capacity. Furthermore, in both cultured MSCs and primary hepatocytes, polyploidization was associated with a dramatic decrease in the expression of the long noncoding RNA H19. Direct knockdown of H19 expression in diploid cells resulted in acquisition of polyploid cell traits. Moreover, artificial tetraploidization of diploid cancer cells led to a reduction of H19 levels, as well as to an attenuation of the tumorigenic potential. Polyploidy might therefore serve as a protective mechanism aimed at reducing malignant transformation through the involvement of the H19 regulatory long noncoding RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Shoshani
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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38
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Primary mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the kidney with synchronous implant and infiltrating urothelial carcinoma of the ureter. Diagn Pathol 2012; 7:125. [PMID: 22999069 PMCID: PMC3533729 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-7-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the kidney is rare, and it shows distinct undifferentiated tumor cells and well differentiated cartilagenous components. Also assident infiltrating urothelial carcinoma of the ureter is an extremely rare cancer. We report a case of primary mesenchymal chondrosarcoma occurring in the left kidney with an ipsilateral and distinct distal ureteric implant, and a coexisting infiltrating urothelial carcinoma of the ureter in a 64-year-old man. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical studuies showed the classic features of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in kidney, as well as a few infiltrating urothelial in ureter. Multitarget fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) suggested that the development of the urothelial carcinoma in the ureter may be triggered or induced by the chondrosarcoma component. The patient died 2 month after left nephro-ureterectomy. This is the first reported case of a primary mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the kidney with coexisting infiltrating urothelial carcinoma of the ureter.
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Faherty N, Curran SP, O'Donovan H, Martin F, Godson C, Brazil DP, Crean JK. CCN2/CTGF increases expression of miR-302 microRNAs, which target the TGFβ type II receptor with implications for nephropathic cell phenotypes. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:5621-9. [PMID: 22976296 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.105528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Signalling interplay between transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) and CCN2 [also called connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)] plays a crucial role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy and has been implicated in cellular differentiation. To investigate the potential role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the mediation of this signalling network, we performed miRNA screening in mesangial cells treated with recombinant human CCN2. Analysis revealed a cohort of 22 miRNAs differentially expressed by twofold or more, including members of the miR-302 family. Target analysis of miRNA to 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) identified TGFβ receptor II (TβRII) as a potential miR-302 target. In mesangial cells, decreased TβRII expression was confirmed in response to CCN2 together with increased expression of miR-302d. TβRII was confirmed as an miR-302 target, and inhibition of miR-302d was sufficient to attenuate the effect of CCN2 on TβRII. Data from the European Renal cDNA Biopsy Bank revealed decreased TβRII in diabetic patients, suggesting pathophysiological significance. In a mouse model of fibrosis (UUO), miR-302d was increased, with decreased TβRII expression and aberrant signalling, suggesting relevance in chronic fibrosis. miR-302d decreased TGFβ-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in renal HKC8 epithelial cells and attenuated TGFβ-induced mesangial production of fibronectin and thrombospondin. In summary, we demonstrate a new mode of regulation of TGFβ by CCN2, and conclude that the miR-302 family has a role in regulating growth factor signalling pathways, with implications for nephropathic cell fate transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Faherty
- UCD Diabetes Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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40
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Stem cells and regenerative medicine: accomplishments to date and future promise. Ther Deliv 2012; 1:693-705. [PMID: 21113422 DOI: 10.4155/tde.10.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 50 years have passed since the first allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant in patients; however, the promise of other stem cell populations for tissue replacement and repair remains unachieved. When considering cell-based interventions for personalized medicine, the factors influencing therapeutic success and safety are more complicated than for traditional small-molecule pharmacological agents and protein biologics. Failure to progress personalized stem cell therapies to the clinic has resulted from complications that include an incomplete understanding of developmental programs and the diversity of host-donor interactions. In order to more rapidly extend the use of stem cells to the clinic, a better understanding of the different stem cell sources and the implications of their host interactions is required. In this review, we introduce the currently available sources and highlight recent literature that instructs the potential and limitations of their use.
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41
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Zanotti L, Sarukhan A, Dander E, Castor M, Cibella J, Soldani C, Trovato AE, Ploia C, Luca G, Calvitti M, Mancuso F, Arato I, Golemac M, Jonjic N, Biondi A, Calafiore R, Locati M, D'Amico G, Viola A. Encapsulated mesenchymal stem cells for in vivo immunomodulation. Leukemia 2012; 27:500-3. [PMID: 22878604 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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42
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Use of irradiated human amnion as a matrix for limbal stem cell culture. Cell Tissue Bank 2012; 14:77-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s10561-012-9302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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43
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Sipos F, Galamb O. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transitions in the colon. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:601-8. [PMID: 22363130 PMCID: PMC3281216 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i7.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transitions are well established biological events which have an important role in not just normal tissue and organ development, but in the pathogenesis of diseases. Increasing evidence has established their presence in the human colon during colorectal carcinogenesis and cancer invasion, chronic inflammation-related fibrosis and in the course of mucosal healing. A large body of evidence supports the role for transforming growth factor-β and its downstream Smad signaling, the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase/Akt/mTOR axis, the Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase/Snail/Slug and FOXC2 pathway, and Hedgehog signaling and microRNAs in the development of colorectal cancers via epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. C-met and Frizzled-7, among others, seem to be the principle effectors of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, hence have a role not just in mucosal regeneration but in the progression of colonic wall fibrosis. Here we discuss a role for these pathways in the initiation and development of the transition events. A better understanding of their induction and regulation may lead to the identification of pathways and factors that could be potent therapeutic targets. The inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition using mTOR kinase inhibitors targeting the ATP binding pocket and which inhibit both mTORC1 and mTORC2, RNA aptamers or peptide mimetics, such as a Wnt5A-mimetic, may all be useful in both cancer treatment and delaying fibrosis, while the induction of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition in induced pluripotent stem cells may enhance epithelial healing in the case of severe mucosal damage. The preliminary results of the current studies are promising, but more clinical investigations are needed to develop new and safe therapeutic strategies for diseases of the colon.
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44
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Zhang ZY, Teoh SH, Hui JHP, Fisk NM, Choolani M, Chan JKY. The potential of human fetal mesenchymal stem cells for off-the-shelf bone tissue engineering application. Biomaterials 2012; 33:2656-72. [PMID: 22217806 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become one of the most promising cell sources for bone tissue engineering (BTE) applications. In this review, we first highlight recent progress in the understanding of MSC biology, their in vivo niche, multi-faceted contribution to fracture healing and bone re-modelling, and their role in BTE. A literature review from clinicaltrials.gov and Pubmed on clinical usage of MSC for both orthopedic and non-orthopedic indications suggests that translational use of MSC for BTE indications is likely to bear fruit in the ensuing decade. Last, we disscuss the profound influence of ontological and antomical origins of MSC on their proliferation and osteogenesis and demonstrated human fetal MSC (hfMSC) as a superior cellular candidate for off-the-shelf BTE applications. This relates to their superior proliferation capacity, more robust osteogenic potential and lower immunogenecity, as compared to MSC from perinatal and postnatal sources. Furthermore, we discuss our experience in developing a hfMSC based BTE strategy with the integrated use of bioreactor-based dynamic priming within macroporous scaffolds, now ready for evaluation in clinical trials. In conclusion, hfMSC is likely the most promising cell source for allogeneic based BTE application, with proven advantages compared to other MSC based ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yong Zhang
- Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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45
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Hao L, Sun H, Wang J, Wang T, Wang M, Zou Z. Mesenchymal stromal cells for cell therapy: besides supporting hematopoiesis. Int J Hematol 2012; 95:34-46. [PMID: 22183780 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-011-0991-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have attracted the attention of scientists and clinicians due to their self-renewal, capacity for multipotent differentiation, and immunomodulatory properties. Some essential problems remain to be solved before the clinical application of MSC. Platelet lysate (PL) has recently been used as a substitute for FBS in MSC amplification in vitro to achieve clinically applicable numbers of MSC. In addition to promising trials in regenerative medicine, such as in the treatment of major bone defects and myocardial infarction, MSC have shown therapeutic effect other than direct hematopoiesis support in hematopoietic reconstruction. It has been confirmed that MSC promote hematopoietic cell engraftment and immune recovery after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, probably through the provision of cytokines, matrix proteins, and cell-to-cell contacts. Their suppressive effects on immune cells, including T cells, B cells, NK cells and DC cells, suggest MSCs as a novel therapy for GVHD and other autoimmune disorders. These cells thus present as promising candidates for cellular therapy in the fields of regenerative medicine, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hao
- Department of Internal Medicine, No. 324 Hospital of PLA, Chongqing 400020, China
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46
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Zhu W, Huang L, Li Y, Zhang X, Gu J, Yan Y, Xu X, Wang M, Qian H, Xu W. Exosomes derived from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promote tumor growth in vivo. Cancer Lett 2011; 315:28-37. [PMID: 22055459 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can promote tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of bone marrow MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-exosomes) on tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that MSC-exosomes promoted tumor growth in vivo. MSC-exosomes enhanced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in tumor cells by activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway. Inhibition of ERK1/2 activation reserved the increase of VEGF level by MSC-exosomes. Our findings demonstrate a new mechanism through which MSC-exosome-mediated cell-cell interactions may contribute to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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47
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Huang S, Leung V, Peng S, Li L, Lu FJ, Wang T, Lu W, Cheung KMC, Zhou G. Developmental definition of MSCs: new insights into pending questions. Cell Reprogram 2011; 13:465-72. [PMID: 21919705 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2011.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a rare heterogeneous population of multipotent cells that can be isolated from many different adult and fetal tissues. They exhibit the capacity to give rise to cells of multiple lineages and are defined by their phenotype and functional properties, such as spindle-shaped morphology, adherence to plastic, immune response modulation capacity, and multilineage differentiation potential. Accordingly, MSCs have a wide range of promising applications in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, tissue repair, and regeneration. Recent studies have shed some light on the exact identity and native distribution of MSCs, whereas controversial results are still being reported, indicating the need for further review on their definition and origin. In this article, we summarize the important progress and describe some of our own relevant work on the developmental definition of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishu Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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48
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Franke WW, Rickelt S. Mesenchymal-epithelial transitions: Spontaneous and cumulative syntheses of epithelial marker molecules and their assemblies to novel cell junctions connecting human hematopoietic tumor cells to carcinomatoid tissue structures. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:2588-99. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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49
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Sipos F, Muzes G. Isolated lymphoid follicles in colon: switch points between inflammation and colorectal cancer? World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:1666-73. [PMID: 21483625 PMCID: PMC3072629 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i13.1666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Revised: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue is supposed to play a central role in both the organization of colonic repair mechanisms and colorectal carcinogenesis. In inflammatory conditions, the number, diameter and density of isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs) increases. They are not only involved in immune surveillance, but their presence is also indispensable in normal mucosal regeneration of the colon. In carcinogenesis, ILFs may play a dual role. On the one hand they may support tumor growth and the metastatic process by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling and producing a specific cytokine and cellular milieu, but on the other hand their presence is sometimes associated with a better prognosis. The relation of ILFs to bone marrow derived stem cells, follicular dendritic cells, subepithelial myofibroblasts or crypt formation, which are all involved in mucosal repair and carcinogenesis, has not been directly studied. Data about the putative organizer role of ILFs is scattered in scientific literature.
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50
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Ra JC, Shin IS, Kim SH, Kang SK, Kang BC, Lee HY, Kim YJ, Jo JY, Yoon EJ, Choi HJ, Kwon E. Safety of intravenous infusion of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in animals and humans. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 20:1297-308. [PMID: 21303266 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2010.0466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) represent an attractive and ethical cell source for stem cell therapy. With the recent demonstration of MSC homing properties, intravenous applications of MSCs to cell-damaged diseases have increased. In the present study, the toxicity and tumorigenicity of human AdMSCs (hAdMSCs) were investigated for clinical application. Culture-expanded hAdMSCs showed the typical appearance, immunophenotype, and differentiation capacity of MSCs, and were genetically stable at least 12 passages in culture. Cells suspended in physiological saline maintained their MSC properties in a cold storage condition for at least 3 days. To test the toxicity of hAdMSCs, different doses of hAdMSCs were injected intravenously into immunodeficient mice, and the mice were observed for 13 weeks. Even at the highest cell dose (2.5×10(8) cells/kg body weight), the SCID mice were viable and had no side effects. A tumorigenicity test was performed in Balb/c-nu nude mice for 26 weeks. Even at the highest cell dose (2×10(8) MSCs/kg), no evidence of tumor development was found. In a human clinical trial, 8 male patients who had suffered a spinal cord injury >12 months previous were intravenously administered autologous hAdMSCs (4×10(8) cells) one time. None of the patients developed any serious adverse events related to hAdMSC transplantation during the 3-month follow-up. In conclusion, the systemic transplantation of hAdMSCs appears to be safe and does not induce tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Chan Ra
- Stem Cell Research Center, RNL Bio Co, Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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