1
|
Constantin M, Chifiriuc MC, Mihaescu G, Corcionivoschi N, Burlibasa L, Bleotu C, Tudorache S, Mitache MM, Filip R, Munteanu SG, Gradisteanu Pircalabioru G. Microbiome and cancer: from mechanistic implications in disease progression and treatment to development of novel antitumoral strategies. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1373504. [PMID: 38715617 PMCID: PMC11074409 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1373504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a very aggressive disease and one of mankind's most important health problems, causing numerous deaths each year. Its etiology is complex, including genetic, gender-related, infectious diseases, dysbiosis, immunological imbalances, lifestyle, including dietary factors, pollution etc. Cancer patients also become immunosuppressed, frequently as side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and prone to infections, which further promote the proliferation of tumor cells. In recent decades, the role and importance of the microbiota in cancer has become a hot spot in human biology research, bringing together oncology and human microbiology. In addition to their roles in the etiology of different cancers, microorganisms interact with tumor cells and may be involved in modulating their response to treatment and in the toxicity of anti-tumor therapies. In this review, we present an update on the roles of microbiota in cancer with a focus on interference with anticancer treatments and anticancer potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marian Constantin
- Institute of Biology, Bucharest of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
- Life, Environmental and Earth Sciences Division, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- Life, Environmental and Earth Sciences Division, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Nicolae Corcionivoschi
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine-King Michael I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
- Romanian Academy of Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Coralia Bleotu
- Life, Environmental and Earth Sciences Division, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorin Tudorache
- Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Roxana Filip
- Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
- Suceava Emergency County Hospital, Suceava, Romania
| | | | - Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru
- Life, Environmental and Earth Sciences Division, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Romanian Academy of Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
- eBio-Hub Research Centre, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiao Y, Yan Z, Yang A. The Roles of Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Gastric Mucosal Immunology and Oncogenesis of Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076652. [PMID: 37047625 PMCID: PMC10095467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a group of innate immune cells that have garnered considerable attention due to their critical roles in regulating immunity and tissue homeostasis. They are particularly abundant in the gastrointestinal tract, where they have been shown to interact with commensal bacteria, pathogens, and other components of the local microenvironment to influence host immune responses to infection and oncogenesis. Their tissue-residency properties enable gastric ILCs a localized and rapid response to alert and stress, which indicates their key potential in regulating immunosurveillance. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the role of ILCs in the gastric mucosa, with a focus on their interactions with the gastric microbiota and Helicobacter pylori and their contributions to tissue homeostasis and inflammation. We also highlight recent findings on the involvement of ILCs in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and the implications of targeting ILCs as a therapeutic approach. Overall, this review provides an overview of the diverse functions of ILCs in gastric mucosa and highlights their potential as targets for future therapies for gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Jiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhiyu Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- 4 + 4 M.D. Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Aiming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Z, Zhang W, Bai J, Li J, Li H. Emerging Role of Helicobacter pylori in the Immune Evasion Mechanism of Gastric Cancer: An Insight Into Tumor Microenvironment-Pathogen Interaction. Front Oncol 2022; 12:862462. [PMID: 35795038 PMCID: PMC9252590 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.862462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the strongest causative factor of gastric cancer. Growing evidence suggests that the complex crosstalk of H. pylori and the tumor microenvironment (TME) exerts a profound influence on gastric cancer progression. Hence, there is emerging interest to in-depth comprehension of the mechanisms of interplay between H. pylori and the TME. This review discusses the regulatory mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between H. pylori infection and immune and stromal cells, including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), neutrophils, dendritic cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), natural killer (NK) cells, B and T cells, cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), within the TME. Such knowledge will deepen the understanding about the roles of H. pylori in the immune evasion mechanism in gastric cancer and contribute to the development of more effective treatment regimens against H. pylori-induced gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Li
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinyang Bai
- Shanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Li
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hong Li
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Li,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Al-Hilu SA, Al-Shujairi WH. Dual Role of Bacteria in Carcinoma: Stimulation and Inhibition. Int J Microbiol 2020; 2020:4639761. [PMID: 32908523 PMCID: PMC7463420 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4639761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although what unifies the carcinogenic microorganisms has not been determined by multiple studies, the role of bacteria in the development of neoplasms has not been properly elucidated. In this review, we discuss links between the bacterial species and cancer, with focus on immune responses for the stimulation of tumor cells such as induction of inflammation. Finally, we will describe the potential therapeutic strategies of bacteria on target tumors to improve treatment while mitigating adverse reactions. Cancer is a series of genetic changes that transform normal cells into tumor cells. These changes come from several reasons, including smoking, drinking alcohol, sunlight, exposure to chemical or physical factors, and finally chronic infection with microorganisms, including bacteria. In fact, bacterial infections are not carcinogenic, but recently it was discovered that the association between bacteria and cancer is through two mechanisms, the first stimulating chronic inflammation and the second producing carcinogenic metabolites. While bacteria are carcinogenic agents also, they have a dual role eliminating and removing tumor cells. However, the traditional cancer treatments that include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and immunotherapy increase the chances of survival, and there are many side effects of these therapies, including the high toxicity of tissues and normal cells, could not penetrate the tumor cells, and resistance of these therapies by tumor cells. Therefore, the world has turned to an alternative solution, which is the use of genetically engineered microorganisms; thus, the use of living bacteria targeting cancerous cells is the unique option to overcome these challenges. Bacterial therapies, whether used alone or combination with chemotherapy, give a positive effect to treat multiple conditions of cancer. Also, bacteria can be used as vectors for drug, gene, or therapy, and this is a great step to treat cancer. Thus, we review the mechanisms underlying the interaction of the microbiota residents with cancer. Cancer-associated bacteria differ from those in healthy human and are linked with gene-expression profile. We also discuss how live bacteria interact with tumor microenvironments to induce tumor regression through colonization and spread. Finally, we provide past and ongoing clinical trials that include bacteria targeting tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suad A Al-Hilu
- Department of Biology/Faculty of Sciences, University of Kufa, 54001 Najaf, Iraq
| | - Wisam H Al-Shujairi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences/College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, 51001 Hilla, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang L, Guo Y, Cao D, Liu X, Zhang L, Cao K, Hu T, Qi Y, Xu C. Effects of Helicobacter pylori on the expression levels of GATA-3 and connexin 32 and the GJIC function in gastric epithelial cells and their association by promoter analysis. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1650-1658. [PMID: 30008849 PMCID: PMC6036278 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the effects of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection on the expression of transcription factor GATA binding protein 3 (GATA-3) and connexin 32 (Cx32) in cultured gastric mucosa cells, and their association with each other. GES-1 cells were co-cultured with East Asian type cytotoxin-associated gene A+ H. pylori in the H. pylori group, and without H. pylori culture in the control group. Additionally, Mongolian gerbils were gavaged with H. pylori, and later the gastric antrum tissues were collected. The GATA-3 and Cx32 mRNA and protein expression levels were detected by a reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. The scratch labeling fluorescent dye tracer (SLDT) technique was used to detect the gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) function. GATA-3 small interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected into BGC823 cells and its effect on Cx32 expression levels was detected. The impact of GATA-3 on Cx32 promoter transcriptional activity was detected using a dual luciferase reporter assay. The results revealed that H. pylori infection increased GATA-3 expression and decreased Cx32 expression in GES-1 cells and in animal gastric tissues compared with their respective controls, whilst in BGC823 cells, GATA-3 siRNA increased Cx32 expression compared with the control. In the SLDT experiment of GES-1 cells with H. pylori infection, the fluorescent dye was primarily limited to a single cell row close to the scratch, and only a limited amount of dye passing to the second cell row, indicating that the GJIC function was substantially reduced or absent compared with the control group, where the fluorescence dye transferred to the neighboring cells of 3–4 rows, indicating a stronger GJIC function comparatively. GATA-3 inhibited the expression of the luciferase reporter gene, compared with the controls, suggesting that GATA-3 inhibited the expression of Cx32 by binding to Cx32 promoter sites. These results indicated that H. pylori-increased GATA-3 expression, which downregulated Cx32 expression, may serve an important function in gastric carcinogenesis, and GATA-3 siRNA may serve a function in the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Huang
- Center for Medical Experiments, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yinjie Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Dan Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Linfang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Ke Cao
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Tingzi Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yong Qi
- Clinical Laboratory, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Canxia Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.,Department of Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ma K, Zhang F, Sayyadi N, Chen W, Anwer AG, Care A, Xu B, Tian W, Goldys EM, Liu G. "Turn-on" Fluorescent Aptasensor Based on AIEgen Labeling for the Localization of IFN-γ in Live Cells. ACS Sens 2018; 3:320-326. [PMID: 29308890 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We report an aggregation-induced emission fluorogen (AIEgen)-based turn-on fluorescent aptasensor able to detect the ultrasmall concentration of intracellular IFN-γ. The aptasensor consists of an IFN-γ aptamer labeled with a fluorogen with a typical aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristic, which shows strong red emission only in the presence of IFN-γ. The aptasensor is able to effectively monitor intracellular IFN-γ secretion with the lowest detection limit of 2 pg mL-1, and it is capable of localizing IFN-γ in live cells during secretion, with excellent cellular permeability and biocompatibility as well as low cytotoxicity. This probe is able to localize the intracellular IFN-γ at a low concentration <10 pg mL-1, and it is successfully used for real-time bioimaging. This simple and highly sensitive sensor may enable the exploration of cytokine pathways and their dynamic secretion process in the cellular environment. It provides a universal sensing platform for monitoring a spectrum of molecules secreted by cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ma
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- State
Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College
of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Fengli Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College
of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Nima Sayyadi
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Wenjie Chen
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Ayad G. Anwer
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Andrew Care
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Bin Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College
of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Tian
- State
Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College
of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ewa M. Goldys
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Guozhen Liu
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu YH, Li ZL, Qiu SF. IFN-γ Induces Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation and Metastasis Through Upregulation of Integrin β3-Mediated NF-κB Signaling. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:182-192. [PMID: 29306706 PMCID: PMC5755748 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon γ (IFN-γ), a multifunctional cytokine, was upregulated in the resected gastric cancer tissue. However, whether IFN-γ is involved in the regulation of gastric cancer has not been well elucidated. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effects and mechanism of IFN-γ on gastric cancer. In this study, we found a vital role of IFN-γ in enhancing proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis, and promoting cell migration and invasion in gastric cancer cells SGC-7901 and MGC-803. Additionally, IFN-γ activated nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway by upregulating the phosphorylation expression of p65 and IκBα, and induced the expression of integrin β3 in vitro. Therefore, to further investigate the relationship between IFN-γ and integrin β3, SGC-7901 cells were transfected with integrin β3 siRNA. And then cells expressed lower cell viability, migration, and invasion rates, while cell apoptosis was significantly enhanced. Meanwhile, expression of integrin β3, MMP-2, MMP-9, and NF-κB, including p65 and IκBα, and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB/p65 were dramatically repressed, whereas IFN-γ significantly improved the effects. Moreover, in vivo, the experiment of xenograft model and pulmonary metastasis model also retarded in integrin β3 siRNA group. And the expression of integrin β3, MMP-2, MMP-9, and NF-κB was repressed. However, the treatment with IFN-γ improved tumor volume, lung/total weight, tumor nodules, and the protein expression described above compared with integrin β3 siRNA group. Overall, the results indicated that IFN-γ induces gastric cancer cell proliferation and metastasis partially through the upregulation of integrin β3-mediated NF-κB signaling. Hence, the inhibition of IFN-γ or integrin β3 may be the key for the treatment of gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hua Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Zhongda Affiliated Hosoital with Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Zheng-Li Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430030, China
| | - Sheng-Feng Qiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hosoital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee J, Park KH, Ryu JH, Bae HJ, Choi A, Lee H, Lim J, Han K, Park CH, Jung ES, Oh EJ. Natural killer cell activity for IFN-gamma production as a supportive diagnostic marker for gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:70431-70440. [PMID: 29050291 PMCID: PMC5642566 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Decreased Natural killer cell activity (NKA) for interferon-gamma production (NKA-IFNγ) has been reported in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance of NKA-IFNγ for gastric cancer (GC). RESULTS NKA-IFNγ levels were decreased in 261 GC patients with all stages of tumor compared to those in 48 healthy donors (P < 0.001), and lower levels of NKA-IFNγ were associated with higher GC stages. NKA-IFNγ levels were also associated with clinicopathological parameters including tumor size, depth of invasion, and lymph node metastasis. NKA-INFγ assay had better diagnostic value (AUC = 0.822) compared to serum CEA (0.624) or CA19-9 assay (0.566) (P < 0.001). Using different cut-off levels, serum CEA and CA19-9 showed sensitivities of 6.1-14.2% and 4.2-28.0%, respectively, which were much lower than that of NKA-IFNγ (55.6-66.7%). METHODS This study included 261 patients with newly diagnosed GC and 48 healthy donors. NKA for IFNγ was determined by enzyme immunoassay after incubation of whole blood, and diagnostic performance was evaluated. CONCLUSIONS NK cell activities for IFNγ production could be used as a supportive non-invasive tumor marker for GC diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jongmi Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyeong Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Bae
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Aeran Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,SamKwang Medical Laboratories, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihyang Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungja Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cho Hyun Park
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Sun Jung
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Jee Oh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sánchez-Zauco N, Torres J, Gómez A, Camorlinga-Ponce M, Muñoz-Pérez L, Herrera-Goepfert R, Medrano-Guzmán R, Giono-Cerezo S, Maldonado-Bernal C. Circulating blood levels of IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-10 as potential diagnostic biomarkers in gastric cancer: a controlled study. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:384. [PMID: 28558708 PMCID: PMC5450104 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3310-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric adenocarcinoma is the third most common cause of cancer-associated death worldwide. Helicobacter pylori infection activates a signaling cascade that induces production of cytokines and chemokines involved in the chronic inflammatory response that drives carcinogenesis. We evaluated circulating cytokines and chemokines as potential diagnostic biomarkers for gastric cancer. Methods We included 201 healthy controls and 162 patients with distal gastric cancer who underwent primary surgical resection between 2009 and 2012 in Mexico City. The clinical and pathological data of patients were recorded by questionnaire, and the cancer subtype was classified as intestinal or diffuse. Pathological staging of cancer was based on the tumor–node–metastasis staging system of the International Union Against Cancer. Concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, and MCP-1 in serum were measured using multiplex analyte profiling technology and concentrations of IL-8, IFN-γ, and TGF-β in plasma were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-10 were significantly higher and that of MCP-1 was lower in gastric cancer patients compared with controls. No differences in IL-8 or TNF-α levels were observed between gastric cancer and controls. IFN-γ and IL-10 were significantly higher in both intestinal and diffuse gastric cancer, whereas IL-1β and IL-6 were higher and TGF-β lower only in intestinal gastric cancer; MCP-1 was lower only in diffuse gastric cancer. IFN-γ and IL-10 levels were significantly higher in early (I/II) and late stage (III/IV) gastric cancer; IL-1β and IL-8 were higher and MCP-1 was lower only in late stage (IV) patients. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis showed that for diagnosis of GC, IL-6 had high specificity (0.97) and low sensitivity (0.39), IL-10 had moderate specificity (0.82) and low sensitivity (0.48), and IL-1β and IFN-γ showed low specificity (0.43 and 0.53, respectively) and moderate sensitivity (0.76 and 0.71, respectively). Conclusions Increased levels of IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-10 might be useful as diagnostic biomarkers for GC; however, this needs to be confirmed with larger number of patients and with control groups other than blood donors, properly age paired. IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, and TGF-β differentiate intestinal from diffuse GC. IFN-γ and IL-10 might be useful for diagnosis of early stage GC, and IL-1β, IL-8, and MCP-1 for late stages of the disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3310-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norma Sánchez-Zauco
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez 162, Col. Doctores, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico.,División de Auxiliares de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional-Siglo XXI, IMSSl, Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330, Col Doctores, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-IPN, Prolongación Manuel Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Santo Tomás, 11350, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Torres
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330, Col Doctores, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Gómez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330, Col Doctores, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Margarita Camorlinga-Ponce
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330, Col Doctores, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leopoldo Muñoz-Pérez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330, Col Doctores, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Herrera-Goepfert
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Av. San Fernando 22, Tlalpan, 1408, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Medrano-Guzmán
- Departamento de Sarcomas, Tracto Digestivo Bajo, UMAE Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col Doctores, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia Giono-Cerezo
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-IPN, Prolongación Manuel Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Santo Tomás, 11350, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carmen Maldonado-Bernal
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez 162, Col. Doctores, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Helicobacter pylori vacA and cagA genotype diversity and interferon gamma expression in patients with chronic gastritis and patients with gastric cancer. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO 2016; 79:220-8. [PMID: 25432406 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the main risk factor for the development of chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, and gastric cancer. In H. pylori-infected individuals, the clinical result is dependent on various factors, among which are bacterial components, the immune response, and environmental influence. AIMS To compare IFN-γ expression with the H. pylori vacA and cagA genotypes in patients with chronic gastritis and patients with gastric cancer. METHODS Ninety-five patients diagnosed with chronic gastritis and 20 with gastric cancer were included in the study. Three gastric biopsies were taken; one was used for the molecular detection and genotyping of H. pylori; another was fixed in absolute alcohol and histologic sections were made for determining IFN-γ expression through immunohistochemistry. RESULTS No differences were found in the cells that expressed IFN-γ between the patients with chronic gastritis (median percentage of positive cells: 82.6% in patients without H. pylori and 82% in infected persons) and those with gastric cancer (70.5% in H. pylori-negative patients and 78.5% in infected persons). IFN-γ expression was 69% in chronic gastritis patients infected with H. pylori vacAs2m2/cagA⁻ it was 86.5% in patients infected with H. pylori vacAs1m2/cagA⁻, 86.5% in vacAs1m1/cagA⁻, and 82% in vacAs1m1/cagA⁺. Similar data were found in the patients with gastric cancer. CONCLUSIONS IFN-γ expression varied depending on the H. pylori vacA and cagA genotype, but not in accordance with the presence of chronic gastritis or gastric cancer.
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
There have been few studies concerning the cytokine profiles in gastric mucosa of Helicobacter pylori-infected patients with normal mucosa, chronic gastritis, and gastric carcinoma (GAC).In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the genomic expression levels and immune pathological roles of cytokines-interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, IL-17A, IL-32-in H pylori-infected patients with normal gastric mucosa (NGM; control), chronic active gastritis (CAG), and GAC. Genomic expression levels of these cytokines were assayed by real-time PCR analysis in gastric biopsy specimens obtained from 93 patients.We found that the genomic expression levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A mRNA were increased in the CAG group and those of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, TGF-β mRNA were increased in the GAC group with reference to H pylori-infected NGM group.This study is on the interest of cytokine profiles in gastric mucosa among individuals with normal, gastritis, or GAC. Our findings suggest that the immune response of gastric mucosa to infection of H pylori differs from patient to patient. For individual therapy, levels of genomic expression of IL-6 or other cytokines may be tracked in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derya Kivrak Salim
- From the Department of Medical Oncology (DKS), Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya; Faculty of Health Sciences (MS), Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras; Department of Microbiology (SK); and Department of Gastroenterology (HA, IS), Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Suo H, Feng X, Zhu K, Wang C, Zhao X, Kan J. Shuidouchi (Fermented Soybean) Fermented in Different Vessels Attenuates HCl/Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury. Molecules 2015; 20:19748-63. [PMID: 26540032 PMCID: PMC6332132 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201119654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Shuidouchi (Natto) is a fermented soy product showing in vivo gastric injury preventive effects. The treatment effects of Shuidouchi fermented in different vessels on HCl/ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury mice through their antioxidant effect was determined. Shuidouchi contained isoflavones (daidzein and genistein), and GVFS (glass vessel fermented Shuidouchi) had the highest isoflavone levels among Shuidouchi samples fermented in different vessels. After treatment with GVFS, the gastric mucosal injury was reduced as compared to the control mice. The gastric secretion volume (0.47 mL) and pH of gastric juice (3.1) of GVFS treated gastric mucosal injury mice were close to those of ranitidine-treated mice and normal mice. Shuidouchi could decrease serum motilin (MTL), gastrin (Gas) level and increase somatostatin (SS), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) level, and GVFS showed the strongest effects. GVFS showed lower IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ cytokine levels than other vessel fermented Shuidouchi samples, and these levels were higher than those of ranitidine-treated mice and normal mice. GVFS also had higher superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO) and malonaldehyde (MDA) contents in gastric tissues than other Shuidouchi samples. Shuidouchi could raise IκB-α, EGF, EGFR, nNOS, eNOS, Mn-SOD, Gu/Zn-SOD, CAT mRNA expressions and reduce NF-κB, COX-2, iNOS expressions as compared to the control mice. GVFS showed the best treatment effects for gastric mucosal injuries, suggesting that glass vessels could be used for Shuidouchi fermentation in functional food manufacturing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huayi Suo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Regional Food, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xia Feng
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Cun Wang
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Jianquan Kan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Regional Food, Chongqing 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu X, Cao K, Xu C, Hu T, Zhou L, Cao D, Xiao J, Luo L, Guo Y, Qi Y. GATA-3 augmentation down-regulates Connexin43 in Helicobacter pylori associated gastric carcinogenesis. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:987-96. [PMID: 25901741 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1030552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a risk factor of gastric carcinoma, and inflammation with H.pylori infection has widely been suggested to trigger gastric carcinogenesis through "inflammation-carcinoma chain" (non-atrophic gastritis (NAG) → chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) → intestinal metaplasia (IM) → dysplasia (DYS) and gastric carcinoma (GC)). Connexin43 (Cx43) is a major constituent of gap junction in normal gastric mucosa (NGM) and it is continuously down-regulated from normal gastric mucosa to precancerous lesions or ultimate gastric carcinoma, which shows novel target against gastric carcinoma by preventing the Cx43 decline. Our previous studies demonstrated that H. pylori infection in gastric mucosa down-regulates Cx43 expression, but its mechanism remains unknown. The transcriptional factor, GATA binding protein 3 (GATA-3) is the key to regulate adaptive immune response, which possibly relates to inflammation toward malignant transformation. Here the substantial rising of GATA-3 was screened by transcriptional factor microarray along the developmental stages of H. pylori associated gastric carcinoma. Moreover, the increased GATA-3 and inhibited Cx43 were confirmed in clinical specimens, Mongolian gerbils and normal gastric epithelial cell line GES-1 with H. pylori infection. GATA-3 silencing generated the Cx43 restoration both in intermediate differentiation gastric cancer cells BGC-803 and in H. pylori infected GES-1 cells. Dual-luciferase reporter assay further revealed the GATA-3 as one of Cx43 down-regulators by directly binding to its promoters. Together, the incremental GATA-3 is found in H. pylori associated gastric carcinogenesis, which is responsible for Cx43 inhibition as well.
Collapse
Key Words
- CAG, chronic atrophic gastritis
- CagA, cytotoxin-associated gene A
- Connexin43
- Cx43, connexin43
- DYS, dysplasia
- GATA-3
- GATA-3, GATA binding protein 3
- GC, gastric carcinoma
- GJ, gap junction
- H. pylori, Helicobacter pylori
- Helicobacter pylori
- IFN-γ, interferon-gamma
- ILC, innate lymphoid cell
- IM, intestinal metaplasia
- NAG, non-atrophic gastritis
- NGM, normal gastric mucosa.
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- TF, transcriptional factor
- Th1/Th2 cell, type 1/2 T helper cell
- VacA, vacuolating cytotoxin gene A
- carcinogenesis
- gastric carcinoma
- inflammation-carcinoma chain
- transcription factor
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Liu
- a Department of Gastroenterology ; Third Xiangya Hospital ; Central South University ; Changsha , PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Álvarez-Arellano L, Maldonado-Bernal C. Helicobacter pylori and neurological diseases: Married by the laws of inflammation. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2014; 5:400-404. [PMID: 25400983 PMCID: PMC4231504 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v5.i4.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to review current information about the role of inflammation caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in neurological diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and other inflammatory diseases including ischemic stroke. Infection with H. pylori usually persists throughout life, resulting in a chronic inflammatory response with local secretion of numerous inflammatory mediators including chemokines [interleukin (IL)-8, macrophage chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, growth-regulated oncogene (GRO)-α] and cytokines [IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6, IL-12, interferon (IFN)-γ], which can pass into the circulation and have a systemic effect. The persistence of detectable systemic and local concentrations of inflammatory mediators is likely to alter the outcome of neurological diseases. These proinflammatory factors can induce brain inflammation and the death of neurons and could eventually be associated to Parkinson’s disease and also may be involved in the development of Alzheimer’s disease. However, most neurological diseases are the result of a combination of multiple factors, but the systemic inflammatory response is a common component and determinant in the onset, evolution, and outcome of diseases. However, more studies are needed to allow understanding of the effects and mechanisms by which the inflammatory response generated by H. pylori infection affects neurological diseases.
Collapse
|
15
|
Martínez-Carrillo D, Atrisco-Morales J, Hernández-Pando R, Reyes-Navarrete S, Betancourt-Linares R, Cruz-del Carmen I, Illades Aguiar B, Román-Román A, Fernández-Tilapa G. Helicobacter pylori vacA and cagA genotype diversity and interferon gamma expression in patients with chronic gastritis and patients with gastric cancer. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO (ENGLISH EDITION) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
16
|
Moyat M, Velin D. Immune responses to Helicobacter pylori infection. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:5583-5593. [PMID: 24914318 PMCID: PMC4024767 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i19.5583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is one of the most common infections in human beings worldwide. H. pylori express lipopolysaccharides and flagellin that do not activate efficiently Toll-like receptors and express dedicated effectors, such as γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, vacuolating cytotoxin (vacA), arginase, that actively induce tolerogenic signals. In this perspective, H. pylori can be considered as a commensal bacteria belonging to the stomach microbiota. However, when present in the stomach, H. pylori reduce the overall diversity of the gastric microbiota and promote gastric inflammation by inducing Nod1-dependent pro-inflammatory program and by activating neutrophils through the production of a neutrophil activating protein. The maintenance of a chronic inflammation in the gastric mucosa and the direct action of virulence factors (vacA and cytotoxin-associated gene A) confer pro-carcinogenic activities to H. pylori. Hence, H. pylori cannot be considered as symbiotic bacteria but rather as part of the pathobiont. The development of a H. pylori vaccine will bring health benefits for individuals infected with antibiotic resistant H. pylori strains and population of underdeveloped countries.
Collapse
|
17
|
Adamsson J, Lundin SB, Hansson LE, Sjövall H, Svennerholm AM. Immune responses against Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer patients and in risk groups for gastric cancer. Helicobacter 2013; 18:73-82. [PMID: 23067268 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2012.00991.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has previously been reported that weak serum IgG but elevated IgA antibody responses against H. pylori may be associated with risk of gastric cancer (GC) development. To search for potential immunologic markers for GC, we analyzed antibody responses against H. pylori in risk groups of cancer development. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sera and stomach biopsies collected from H. pylori-infected GC patients as well as from patients with gastric ulcer (GU), atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia (IM) and duodenal ulcer and from H. pylori-infected control subjects without atrophy or IM, and in addition from H. pylori-negative subjects were analyzed for IgG and IgA antibodies against three different H. pylori antigen preparations, that is, membrane protein (MP), urease, and CagA. RESULTS We observed an increased serum IgA/IgG titer ratio against H. pylori anti-MP in GC and GU patients, and against CagA in Hp-infected GC patients and risk groups. Female patients with GC had a higher serum anti-MP IgA/IgG titer ratio and a higher proportion of poorly differentiated cancer compared with male patients. As earlier observed, the non-tumorous mucosa of H. pylori-infected GC patients contained considerably lower levels of total IgA and H. pylori-specific IgA compared with H. pylori-infected controls. Similarly, we observed decreased specific mucosal anti-MP IgA response in patients with IM. CONCLUSION We observed several differences in local and systemic immunologic responses against H. pylori in H. pylori-infected GC patients and putative GC risk group patients compared with H. pylori-infected controls. These findings may be of importance in efforts to identify risk groups of GC or early stages of GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Adamsson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jewett A, Man YG, Tseng HC. Dual functions of natural killer cells in selection and differentiation of stem cells; role in regulation of inflammation and regeneration of tissues. J Cancer 2012; 4:12-24. [PMID: 23386901 PMCID: PMC3564243 DOI: 10.7150/jca.5519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence from our laboratory indicates that conditioned or anergized NK cells have the ability to induce resistance of healthy stem cells and transformed cancer stem cells through both secreted factors and direct cell-cell contact by inducing differentiation. Cytotoxic function of NK cells is suppressed in the tumor microenvironment by a number of distinct effectors and their secreted factors. Furthermore, decreased peripheral blood NK cell function has been documented in many cancer patients. We have previously shown that NK cells mediate significant cytotoxicity against primary oral squamous carcinoma stem cells (OSCSCs) as compared to their more differentiated oral squamous carcinoma cells (OSCCs). In addition, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and induced human pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) were all significantly more susceptible to NK cell mediated cytotoxicity than their differentiated counterparts or parental cells from which they were derived. We have also reported that inhibition of differentiation or reversion of cells to a less-differentiated phenotype by blocking NFκB or gene deletion of COX2 significantly augmented NK cell function. Furthermore, the induction of resistance of the stem cells to NK cell mediated cytotoxicity and their subsequent differentiation is amplified when either the stem cells or the NK cells were cultured in the presence of monocytes. Therefore, we propose that the two stages of NK cell maturation namely CD16+CD56dimCD69- NK cells are important for the lysis of stem cells or poorly differentiated cells whereas the CD16dim/-CD56dim/+CD69+NK cells are important for differentiation and eventual regeneration of the tissues and the resolution of inflammation, thus functionally serving as regulatory NK cells (NK(reg)). CD16 receptor on the NK cells were found to be the receptor with significant potential to induce NK cell anergy, however, our recent data indicated that NKp46 but not NKp30 or NKp44 were also able to induce significant anergy in NK cells, although the levels were less when compared to CD16 receptor triggering. The concept of split anergy in NK cells and generation of NK(reg) and its contribution to cell differentiation, tissue repair and regeneration and in tumor resistance will be discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anahid Jewett
- 1. The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, and Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Yan-Gao Man
- 2. The Diagnostic and Translational Research Center, Henry Jackson Foundation, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Han-Ching Tseng
- 1. The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, and Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jewett A, Tseng HC. Potential rescue, survival and differentiation of cancer stem cells and primary non-transformed stem cells by monocyte-induced split anergy in natural killer cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:265-274. [PMID: 22116348 PMCID: PMC11029795 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic function of NK cells is largely suppressed in the tumor microenvironment by a number of distinct effectors and their secreted factors. The aims of this review are to provide a rationale and a potential mechanism for immunosuppression in cancer and to demonstrate the significance of such immunosuppression in cellular differentiation and progression of cancer. We have recently shown that NK cells mediate significant cytotoxicity against primary oral squamous carcinoma stem cells (OSCSCs) as compared to their more differentiated oral squamous carcinoma cells. In addition, human embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells were all significantly more susceptible to NK-cell-mediated cytotoxicity than their differentiated counterparts or parental cells from which they were derived. We have also reported that inhibition of differentiation or reversion of cells to a less-differentiated phenotype by blocking NFκB significantly augmented NK-cell function. Total population of monocytes and those depleted of CD16+ subsets were able to substantially suppress NK-cell-mediated lysis of OSCSCs, hMSCs and hDPSCs. Overall, our results suggest that stem cells but not their differentiated counterparts are significant targets of the NK-cell cytotoxicity. The concept of split anergy in NK cells and its contribution to cell differentiation, tissue repair and regeneration and in tumor resistance and progression will be discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anahid Jewett
- The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1668, USA.
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1668, USA.
| | - Han-Ching Tseng
- The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1668, USA
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1668, USA
| |
Collapse
|