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Chai R, Xiao C, Yang Z, Du W, Lv K, Zhang J, Yang X. Identification of genes associated with sperm storage capacity in hens at different times after insemination by RNA-seq and Ribo-seq. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:554. [PMID: 38831306 PMCID: PMC11145833 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10472-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sperm storage capacity (SSC) determines the duration of fertility in hens and is an important reproduction trait that cannot be ignored in production. Currently, the genetic mechanism of SSC is still unclear in hens. Therefore, to explore the genetic basis of SSC, we analyzed the uterus-vagina junction (UVJ) of hens with different SSC at different times after insemination by RNA-seq and Ribo-seq. RESULTS Our results showed that 589, 596, and 527 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 730, 783, and 324 differentially translated genes (DTGs), and 804, 625, and 467 differential translation efficiency genes (DTEGs) were detected on the 5th, 10th, and 15th days after insemination, respectively. In transcription levels, we found that the differences of SSC at different times after insemination were mainly reflected in the transmission of information between cells, the composition of intercellular adhesion complexes, the regulation of ion channels, the regulation of cellular physiological activities, the composition of cells, and the composition of cell membranes. In translation efficiency (TE) levels, the differences of SSC were mainly related to the physiological and metabolic activities in the cell, the composition of the organelle membrane, the physiological activities of oxidation, cell components, and cell growth processes. According to pathway analysis, SSC was related to neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, histidine metabolism, and PPAR signaling pathway at the transcriptional level and glutathione metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, calcium signaling pathway, cell adhesion molecules, galactose metabolism, and Wnt signaling pathway at the TE level. We screened candidate genes affecting SSC at transcriptional levels (COL4A4, MUC6, MCHR2, TACR1, AVPR1A, COL1A1, HK2, RB1, VIPR2, HMGCS2) and TE levels(COL4A4, MUC6, CYCS, NDUFA13, CYTB, RRM2, CAMK4, HRH2, LCT, GCK, GALT). Among them, COL4A4 and MUC6 were the key candidate genes differing in transcription, translation, and translation efficiency. CONCLUSIONS Our study used the combined analysis of RNA-seq and Ribo-seq for the first time to investigate the SSC and reveal the physiological processes associated with SSC. The key candidate genes affecting SSC were screened, and the theoretical basis was provided for the analysis of the molecular regulation mechanism of SSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruitang Chai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Cong Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Zhuliang Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wenya Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Ke Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xiurong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530004, China.
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Cui D, Xie S, Liu Q. Postoperative survival of pulmonary invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma versus non-mucinous invasive adenocarcinoma. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:9. [PMID: 36624430 PMCID: PMC9830770 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02305-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In 2015, the World Health Organization renamed mucinous bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinoma as pulmonary invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA). Due to its low incidence and unclear prognosis with surgical treatment, previous studies have presented opposing survival outcomes. We aimed to investigate the differences in surgical prognosis and prognosis-related risk factors by comparing IMA with non-mucinous invasive adenocarcinoma (NMA). METHODS A total of 20,914 patients diagnosed with IMA or NMA from 2000 to 2014 were screened from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The screened patients were subjected to propensity score matching (PSM) in a 1:4 ratio to explore the survival differences between patients with IMA and NMA and the factors influencing prognosis. RESULTS For all patients, IMA was prevalent in the lower lobes of the lungs (p < 0.0001), well-differentiated histologically (p < 0.0001), less likely to have lymph node metastases (94.4% vs. 72.0%, p < 0.0001) and at an earlier pathological stage (p = 0.0001). After PSM, the IMA cohort consisted of 303 patients, and the NMA cohort consisted of 1212 patients. Kaplan‒Meier survival analysis showed no difference in overall survival (OS) between patients in the IMA cohort and those in the NMA cohort (p = 0.7). Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that differences in tumor pathological type did not influence OS between the two cohorts (p = 0.65). Age (HR: 1.98, 95% CI 1.7-2.31, p < 0.0001), gender (HR: 0.64, 95% CI 0.55-0.75, p < 0.0001), and radiation treatment (HR: 2.49, 95% CI 1.84-3.37, p < 0.0001) were independent predictors of patient OS. CONCLUSION There was no significant difference in OS between patients with IMA and those with NMA after surgical treatment. Age, sex, and radiation treatment can independently predict OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Cui
- grid.452582.cDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shaonan Xie
- grid.452582.cDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qingyi Liu
- grid.452582.cDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Morbid Obesity in Women Is Associated with an Altered Intestinal Expression of Genes Related to Cancer Risk and Immune, Defensive, and Antimicrobial Response. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051024. [PMID: 35625760 PMCID: PMC9138355 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Little is known about the relation between morbid obesity and duodenal transcriptomic changes. We aimed to identify intestinal genes that may be associated with the development of obesity regardless of the degree of insulin resistance (IR) of patients. Material and Methods: Duodenal samples were assessed by microarray in three groups of women: non-obese women and women with morbid obesity with low and high IR. Results: We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with morbid obesity, regardless of IR degree, related to digestion and lipid metabolism, defense response and inflammatory processes, maintenance of the gastrointestinal epithelium, wound healing and homeostasis, and the development of gastrointestinal cancer. However, other DEGs depended on the IR degree. We mainly found an upregulation of genes involved in the response to external organisms, hypoxia, and wound healing functions in women with morbid obesity and low IR. Conclusions: Regardless of the degree of IR, morbid obesity is associated with an altered expression of genes related to intestinal defenses, antimicrobial and immune responses, and gastrointestinal cancer. Our data also suggest a deficient duodenal immune and antimicrobial response in women with high IR.
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Liu BH, Liu GB, Zhang BB, Shen J, Xie LL, Liu XQ, Yao W, Dong R, Bi YL, Dong KR. Tumor Suppressive Role of MUC6 in Wilms Tumor via Autophagy-Dependent β-Catenin Degradation. Front Oncol 2022; 12:756117. [PMID: 35574418 PMCID: PMC9097904 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.756117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms tumor is the most common renal malignancy in children. Known gene mutations account for about 40% of all wilms tumor cases, but the full map of genetic mutations in wilms tumor is far from clear. Whole genome sequencing and RNA sequencing were performed in 5 pairs of wilms tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues to figure out important genetic mutations. Gene knock-down, CRISPR-induced mutations were used to investigate their potential effects in cell lines and in-vivo xenografted model. Mutations in seven novel genes (MUC6, GOLGA6L2, GPRIN2, MDN1, MUC4, OR4L1 and PDE4DIP) occurred in more than one patient. The most prevalent mutation was found in MUC6, which had 7 somatic exonic variants in 4 patients. In addition, TaqMan assay and immunoblot confirmed that MUC6 expression was reduced in WT tissues when compared with control tissues. Moreover, the results of MUC6 knock-down assay and CRISPR-induced MUC6 mutations showed that MUC6 inhibited tumor aggression via autophagy-dependent β-catenin degradation while its mutations attenuated tumor-suppressive effects of MUC6. Seven novel mutated genes (MUC6, GOLGA6L2, GPRIN2, MDN1, MUC4, OR4L1 and PDE4DIP) were found in WT, among which MUC6 was the most prevalent one. MUC6 acted as a tumor suppressive gene through autophagy dependent β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yun-Li Bi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kui-Ran Dong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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5
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MUC6 expression is a preferable prognostic marker for invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 157:671-684. [PMID: 35353213 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Gastric gland mucin consists of core protein MUC6 with residues heavily glycosylated by unique O-glycans carrying α1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine (αGlcNAc). αGlcNAc-glycosylated MUC6 protein is seen in normal gastric and duodenal glands. Decreased αGlcNAc glycosylation on MUC6-positive tumor cells is often observed in premalignant lesions of the stomach, pancreas, and bile duct, and decreased MUC6 expression is seen in invasive cancer of these organs. Lung cancer (LC) is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Recently, the adenocarcinoma subtype has become the most common histological subtype of LC, and one of its invasive forms is invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA). Currently, prognostic markers of LC IMA are unknown. Here, we analyzed MUC5AC, MUC6, and αGlcNAc expression in 54 IMA LC cases. MUC5AC was positively expressed in 50 (93%), MUC6 in 38 (70%), and αGlcNAc in 19 (35%). Each expression level was scored from 0 to 3. The αGlcNAc expression score was significantly decreased relative to MUC6 (P < 0.001). Interestingly, disease-free survival was significantly higher in MUC6-positive than MUC6-negative cases based on the log-rank test (P = 0.021). For in vitro analysis, we ectopically expressed MUC6 in A549 cells, derived from LC and harboring a KRAS mutation. MUC6-expressing A549 cells showed significantly lower proliferation, motility, and invasiveness than control cells. Finally, F-actin staining in MUC6-expressing cells revealed a decrease or loss of filopodia associated with decreased levels of FSCN transcripts, which encodes an actin-bundling protein fascin1 necessary for cell migration. We conclude that MUC6 expression is a preferable prognostic biomarker in IMA LC.
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Kawabata H, Ono Y, Tamamura N, Oyama K, Ueda J, Sato H, Takahashi K, Taniue K, Okada T, Fujibayashi S, Hayashi A, Goto T, Enomoto K, Konishi H, Fujiya M, Miyakawa K, Tanino M, Nishikawa Y, Koga D, Watanabe T, Maeda C, Karasaki H, Liss AS, Mizukami Y, Okumura T. Mutant GNAS limits tumor aggressiveness in established pancreatic cancer via antagonizing the KRAS-pathway. J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:208-220. [PMID: 35018527 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-021-01846-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in GNAS drive pancreatic tumorigenesis and frequently occur in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN); however, their value as a therapeutic target is yet to be determined. This study aimed at evaluating the involvement of mutant GNAS in tumor aggressiveness in established pancreatic cancer. METHODS CRISPR/Cas9-mediated GNAS R201H silencing was performed using human primary IPMN-associated pancreatic cancer cells. The role of oncogenic GNAS in tumor maintenance was evaluated by conducting cell culture and xenograft experiments, and western blotting and transcriptome analyses were performed to uncover GNAS-driven signatures. RESULTS Xenografts of GNAS wild-type cells were characterized by a higher Ki-67 labeling index relative to GNAS-mutant cells. Phenotypic alterations in the GNAS wild-type tumors resulted in a significant reduction in mucin production accompanied by solid with massive stromal components. Transcriptional profiling suggested an apparent conflict of mutant GNAS with KRAS signaling. A significantly higher Notch intercellular domain (NICD) was observed in the nuclear fraction of GNAS wild-type cells. Meanwhile, inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) induced NICD in GNAS-mutant IPMN cells, suggesting that NOTCH signaling is negatively regulated by the GNAS-PKA pathway. GNAS wild-type cells were characterized by a significant invasive property relative to GNAS-mutant cells, which was mediated through the NOTCH regulatory pathway. CONCLUSIONS Oncogenic GNAS induces mucin production, not only via MUC2 but also via MUC5AC/B, which may enlarge cystic lesions in the pancreas. The mutation may also limit tumor aggressiveness by attenuating NOTCH signaling; therefore, such tumor-suppressing effects must be considered when therapeutically inhibiting the GNAS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemasa Kawabata
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ono
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sapporo-Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 065-0033, Japan
| | - Nobue Tamamura
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Kyohei Oyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Jun Ueda
- Department of Advanced Medical Science, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Kenji Takahashi
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Kenzui Taniue
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Okada
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Syugo Fujibayashi
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hayashi
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Takuma Goto
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Katsuro Enomoto
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Konishi
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Fujiya
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Keita Miyakawa
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Mishie Tanino
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishikawa
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koga
- Department of Microscopic Anatomy and Cell Biology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Watanabe
- Department of Microscopic Anatomy and Cell Biology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Chiho Maeda
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sapporo-Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 065-0033, Japan
| | - Hidenori Karasaki
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sapporo-Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 065-0033, Japan
| | - Andrew S Liss
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yusuke Mizukami
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan.
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sapporo-Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 065-0033, Japan.
| | - Toshikatsu Okumura
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
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Yuki A, Fujii C, Yamanoi K, Matoba H, Harumiya S, Kawakubo M, Nakayama J. Glycosylation of MUC6 by α1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine enhances suppression of pancreatic cancer malignancy. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:576-586. [PMID: 34808019 PMCID: PMC8819301 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers for early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer are greatly needed, as the high fatality of this cancer is in part due to delayed detection. α1,4‐linked N‐acetylglucosamine (αGlcNAc), a unique O‐glycan specific to gastric gland mucus, is biosynthesized by α1,4‐N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase (α4GnT) and primarily bound at the terminal glycosylated residue to scaffold protein MUC6. We previously reported that αGlcNAc expression decreases at early stages of neoplastic pancreatic lesions, followed by decreased MUC6 expression, although functional effects of these outcomes were unknown. Here, we ectopically expressed α4GnT, the αGlcNAc biosynthetic enzyme, together with MUC6 in the human pancreatic cancer cell lines MIA PaCa‐2 and PANC‐1, neither of which expresses α4GnT and MUC6. We observed significantly suppressed proliferation in both lines following coexpression of α4GnT and MUC6. Moreover, cellular motility decreased following MUC6 ectopic expression, an effect enhanced by cotransduction with α4GnT. MUC6 expression also attenuated invasiveness of both lines relative to controls, and this effect was also enhanced by additional α4GnT expression. We found αGlcNAc‐bound MUC6 formed a complex with trefoil factor 2. Furthermore, analysis of survival curves of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using a gene expression database showed that samples marked by higher A4GNT or MUC6 mRNA levels were associated with relatively favorable prognosis. These results strongly suggest that αGlcNAc and MUC6 function as tumor suppressors in pancreatic cancer and that decreased expression of both may serve as a biomarker of tumor progression to pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Yuki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Chifumi Fujii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Department of Biotechnology, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamanoi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisanori Matoba
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Satoru Harumiya
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Masatomo Kawakubo
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Jun Nakayama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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Abstract
Mucins are high molecular-weight epithelial glycoproteins and are implicated in many physiological processes, including epithelial cell protection, signaling transduction, and tissue homeostasis. Abnormality of mucus expression and structure contributes to biological properties related to human cancer progression. Tumor growth sites induce inhospitable conditions. Many kinds of research suggest that mucins provide a microenvironment to avoid hypoxia, acidic, and other biological conditions that promote cancer progression. Given that the mucus layer captures growth factors or cytokines, we propose that mucin helps to ameliorate inhospitable conditions in tumor-growing sites. Additionally, the composition and structure of mucins enable them to mimic the surface of normal epithelial cells, allowing tumor cells to escape from immune surveillance. Indeed, human cancers such as mucinous carcinoma, show a higher incidence of invasion to adjacent organs and lymph node metastasis than do non-mucinous carcinoma. In this mini-review, we discuss how mucin provides a tumor-friendly environment and contributes to increased cancer malignancy in mucinous carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Han Wi
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Cha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Graduate school, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Youn-Sang Jung
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea
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9
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Diffuse expression of MUC6 defines a distinct clinicopathological subset of pulmonary invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma. Mod Pathol 2021; 34:786-797. [PMID: 33024306 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-00690-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) of the lung is a unique variant of lung adenocarcinoma. Aberrant mucin expression is associated with cancer development and metastasis. However, the clinicopathological significance of mucin expression in IMA is not fully understood. Herein, we evaluated the clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular characteristics of 70 IMA tumors. EGFR, KRAS, GNAS, and TP53 mutations were assessed by PCR-based sequencing. Next-generation sequencing was used to assess cases without EGFR/KRAS mutations. A NanoString-based screening for fusions was performed in all IMAs without mitogenic driver mutations. Expression of mucins (MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, MUC5AC, and MUC6) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and categorized as follows: negative (<10% of tumor cells), patchy expression (<90% of tumor cells), or diffuse expression (≥90% of tumor cells). Immunohistochemical testing for transcription factors (TTF-1, CDX2, HNF1β, HNF3α, HNF3β, and HNF4α) was also performed. As expected, KRAS mutations were the most common (in 67% of cases), followed by small numbers of other alterations. Patchy or diffuse expression of MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, MUC5AC, and MUC6 was observed in 52% or 6%, 3% or 0%, 30% or 3%, 26% or 73%, and 59% or 27% of cases, respectively. Furthermore, all IMAs were generally positive for HNF1β (100%), HNF3α (100%), HNF3β (100%), and HNF4α (99%) but were positive less often for TTF-1 (6%) and CDX2 (9%). Overall, there was no significant correlation between mucin expression and transcription factor expression. Unexpectedly, diffuse expression of MUC6 was significantly associated with KRAS-wild-type tumors (p = 0.0008), smaller tumor size (p = 0.0073), and tumors in female patients (p = 0.0359) in multivariate analyses. Furthermore, patients with tumors exhibiting diffuse MUC6 expression had significantly favorable outcomes. Notably, none of these patients died of the disease. Our data suggested that diffuse expression of MUC6 defines a distinct clinicopathological subset of IMA characterized by wild-type KRAS and possibly less aggressive clinical course.
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Browne JA, NandyMazumdar M, Paranjapye A, Leir SH, Harris A. The Bromodomain Containing 8 (BRD8) transcriptional network in human lung epithelial cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 524:111169. [PMID: 33476703 PMCID: PMC8035426 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms regulating gene expression in the airway epithelium underlie its response to the environment. A network of transcription factors (TFs) and architectural proteins, modulate chromatin accessibility and recruit activating or repressive signals. Bromodomain-containing proteins function as TFs or by engaging methyltransferase or acetyltransferase activity to induce chromatin modifications. Here we investigate the role of Bromodomain Containing 8 (BRD8) in coordinating lung epithelial function. Sites of BRD8 occupancy genome-wide were mapped in human lung epithelial cell lines (Calu-3 and 16HBE14o-). CCCTC-Binding Factor (CTCF) was identified as a predicted co-factor of BRD8, based upon motif over-representation under BRD8 ChIP-seq peaks. Following siRNA-mediated depletion of BRD8, differentially expressed genes with nearby peaks of BRD8 occupancy were subject to gene ontology process enrichment analysis. BRD8 targets are enriched for genes involved in the innate immune response and the cell cycle. Depletion of BRD8 increased the secretion of the antimicrobial peptide beta-defensin 1 and multiple chemokines, and reduced cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Browne
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Shih-Hsing Leir
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ann Harris
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Abstract
A dynamic mucosal layer shields the epithelial cells lining the body cavities and is made up of high molecular weight, heavily glycosylated, multidomain proteins called mucins. Mucins, broadly grouped into transmembrane and secreted mucins, are the first responders to any mechanical or chemical insult to the epithelia and help maintain tissue homeostasis. However, their intrinsic properties to protect and repair the epithelia are exploited during oncogenic processes, where mucins are metamorphosed to aid the tumor cells in their malignant journey. Diverse domains, like the variable number tandem repeats (VNTR), sea urchin sperm protein enterokinase and agrin (SEA), adhesion-associated domain (AMOP), nidogen-like domain (NIDO), epidermal growth factor-like domain (EGF), and von Willebrand factor type D domain (vWD) on mucins, including MUC1, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC5B, and MUC16, have been shown to facilitate cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions, and cell-autonomous signaling to promote tumorigenesis and distant dissemination of tumor cells. Several obstacles have limited the study of mucins, including technical difficulties in working with these huge glycoproteins, the dearth of scientific tools, and lack of animal models; thus, the tissue-dependent and domain-specific roles of mucins during mucosal protection, chronic inflammation, tumorigenesis, and hematological dissemination of malignant cells are still unclear. Future studies should try to integrate information on the rheological, molecular, and biological characteristics of mucins to comprehensively delineate their pathophysiological role and evaluate their suitability as targets in future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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12
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Ho-Plagaro A, Santiago-Fernandez C, Rodríguez-Díaz C, Lopez-Gómez C, Garcia-Serrano S, Rodríguez-Pacheco F, Valdes S, Rodríguez-Cañete A, Alcaín-Martínez G, Ruiz-Santana N, Vázquez-Pedreño L, García-Fuentes E. Different Expression of Duodenal Genes Related to Insulin Resistance Between Nonobese Women and Those with Severe Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:1708-1717. [PMID: 32729246 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aim was to identify changes in duodenal gene expression associated with the development of insulin resistance according to the BMI of women. METHODS Duodenal samples were assessed by microarray in four groups of women, nonobese women and women with severe obesity, with both low and high insulin resistance. RESULTS There was a group of shared downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to tissue homeostasis and antimicrobial humoral response in women with higher insulin resistance both with severe obesity and without obesity. In the exclusive DEGs found in severe obesity, downregulated DEGs related to the regulation of the defense response to bacterium and cell adhesion, involving pathways related to the immune system, inflammation, and xenobiotic metabolism, were observed. In the exclusive DEGs from nonobese women with higher insulin resistance, upregulated DEGs mainly related to the regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity, very low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling, lipid metabolic process, antigen processing, and the presentation of peptide antigen were found. CONCLUSIONS Independent of BMI, higher insulin resistance was associated with a downregulation of duodenal DEGs mainly related to the immune system, inflammation, and xenobiotic metabolism. Also, intestinal lipoprotein metabolism may have a certain relevance in the regulation of insulin resistance in nonobese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailec Ho-Plagaro
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Concepción Santiago-Fernandez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina y Dermatología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Carlos Lopez-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sara Garcia-Serrano
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas-CIBERDEM, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisca Rodríguez-Pacheco
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sergio Valdes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas-CIBERDEM, Málaga, Spain
| | - Alberto Rodríguez-Cañete
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cirugía General, Digestiva y Trasplantes, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Guillermo Alcaín-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Natalia Ruiz-Santana
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis Vázquez-Pedreño
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Fuentes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
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13
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Kudryavtseva AV, Lukyanova EN, Kharitonov SL, Nyushko KM, Krasheninnikov AA, Pudova EA, Guvatova ZG, Alekseev BY, Kiseleva MV, Kaprin AD, Dmitriev AA, Snezhkina AV, Krasnov GS. Bioinformatic identification of differentially expressed genes associated with prognosis of locally advanced lymph node-positive prostate cancer. J Bioinform Comput Biol 2020; 17:1950003. [PMID: 30866732 DOI: 10.1142/s0219720019500033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the primary causes of cancer-related mortality in men worldwide. Patients with locally advanced PCa with metastases in regional lymph nodes are usually marked as a high-risk group. One of the chief concerns for this group is to make an informed decision about the necessity of conducting adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy after radical surgical treatment. During the oncogenic transformation and progression of the disease, the expression of many genes is altered. Some of these genes can serve as markers for diagnosis, predicting the prognosis or effectiveness of drug therapy, as well as possible therapeutic targets. We undertook bioinformatic analysis of the RNA-seq data deposited in The Cancer Genome Atlas consortium database to identify possible prognostic markers. We compared the groups with favorable and unfavorable prognosis for the cohort of patients with PCa showing lymph node metastasis (pT2N1M0, pT3N1M0, and pT4N1M0) and for the most common molecular type carrying the fusion transcript TMPRSS2-ERG. For the entire cohort, we revealed at least six potential markers (IDO1, UGT2B15, IFNG, MUC6, CXCL11, and GBP1). Most of these genes are involved in the positive regulation of immune response. For the TMPRSS2-ERG subtype, we also identified six genes, the expression of which may be associated with prognosis: TOB1, GALNT7, INAFM1, APELA, RAC3, and NNMT. The identified genes, after additional studies and validation in the extended cohort, could serve as a prognostic marker of locally advanced lymph node-positive PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Kudryavtseva
- * Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Elena N Lukyanova
- * Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey L Kharitonov
- * Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Kirill M Nyushko
- † Federal State Budgetary Institution, National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4 Korolev Str., Obninsk 249036, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey A Krasheninnikov
- † Federal State Budgetary Institution, National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4 Korolev Str., Obninsk 249036, Russian Federation
| | - Elena A Pudova
- * Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Zulfiya G Guvatova
- * Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Boris Y Alekseev
- † Federal State Budgetary Institution, National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4 Korolev Str., Obninsk 249036, Russian Federation
| | - Marina V Kiseleva
- † Federal State Budgetary Institution, National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4 Korolev Str., Obninsk 249036, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey D Kaprin
- † Federal State Budgetary Institution, National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4 Korolev Str., Obninsk 249036, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey A Dmitriev
- * Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasiya V Snezhkina
- * Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - George S Krasnov
- * Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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14
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Gan GL, Liu J, Chen WJ, Ye QQ, Xu Y, Wu HT, Li W. The Diverse Roles of the Mucin Gene Cluster Located on Chromosome 11p15.5 in Colorectal Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:514. [PMID: 32695780 PMCID: PMC7338833 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common malignant tumor in the world, shows multiple complex and pathologies based on the impaired structure and function of the intestinal mucosal barrier. Goblet cells secrete mucins, which are involved in the formation of the intestinal mucosal barrier and not only lubricate and protect the intestinal mucosa but also participate in the processes of cell adhesion, intercellular signal transduction, and immune regulation. It is accepted that the disordered expression and dysfunction of mucins are associated with the occurrence and development of CRC. This article focuses on the secretory mucins encoded by a gene cluster located on chromosome 11p15.5 and systematically reviews their composition, regulation, function, and role in CRC, to deepen the understanding of the pathogeneses of CRC and to provide a new basis and ideas for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Lian Gan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Changjiang Scholar’s Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Physiology/Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wen-Jia Chen
- Changjiang Scholar’s Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Physiology/Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qian-Qian Ye
- Changjiang Scholar’s Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Physiology/Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ya Xu
- Changjiang Scholar’s Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hua-Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Hua-Tao Wu,
| | - Wei Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Wei Li,
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15
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Xu DF, Wang LS, Zhou JH. Long non‑coding RNA CASC2 suppresses pancreatic cancer cell growth and progression by regulating the miR‑24/MUC6 axis. Int J Oncol 2019; 56:494-507. [PMID: 31894271 PMCID: PMC6959463 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) cancer susceptibility candidate 2 (CASC2) is involved in tumorigenesis of several types of cancer through targeting microRNAs (miRs); however, the molecular mechanism of CASC2 in pancreatic cancer remains elusive. In the present study, the expression levels of CASC2, miR-24 and mucin 6 (MUC6) were measured in pancreatic cancer specimens and cell lines by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Western blotting was used to determine the protein expression levels of MUC6, Integrin β4 (ITGB4), phosphorylated (p)-focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and several epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers in pancreatic cancer cells. MTT, colony formation, wound healing, Transwell and flow cytometry assays were performed to detect cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion and apoptosis, respectively,in vitro. Morphological changes of pancreatic cancer cells were assessed by light microscopy. The interactions between CASC2, miR-24 and MUC6 were assessed by the dual-luciferase reporter assay. A tumor xenograft model was generated to investigate tumor growth in vivo. CASC2 and MUC6 were downregulated, and miR-24 was upregulated in pancreatic cancer specimens and cell lines. Functionally, CASC2 overexpression or miR-24 knockdown suppressed pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, and promoted apoptosis. Additionally, they altered cell-cell adhesion as demonstrated by the attenuated ITGB4, p-FAK and N-cadherin protein levels, as well as morphological changes. Mechanistically, CASC2 sponged miR-24 and activated its downstream target MUC6 to suppress pancreatic cancer growth and progression. CASC2 exerted tumor-suppressive functions in pancreatic cancer through the miR-24/MUC6 axis, which may be a promising target for pancreatic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Fang Xu
- Department of Hepatic‑Biliary‑Pancreatic Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Li-Shan Wang
- Department of Hepatic‑Biliary‑Pancreatic Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Hua Zhou
- Department of Hepatic‑Biliary‑Pancreatic Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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16
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Pinzón Martín S, Seeberger PH, Varón Silva D. Mucins and Pathogenic Mucin-Like Molecules Are Immunomodulators During Infection and Targets for Diagnostics and Vaccines. Front Chem 2019; 7:710. [PMID: 31696111 PMCID: PMC6817596 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucins and mucin-like molecules are highly O-glycosylated proteins present on the cell surface of mammals and other organisms. These glycoproteins are highly diverse in the apoprotein and glycan cores and play a central role in many biological processes and diseases. Mucins are the most abundant macromolecules in mucus and are responsible for its biochemical and biophysical properties. Mucin-like molecules cover various protozoan parasites, fungi and viruses. In humans, modifications in mucin glycosylation are associated with tumors in epithelial tissue. These modifications allow the distinction between normal and abnormal cell conditions and represent important targets for vaccine development against some cancers. Mucins and mucin-like molecules derived from pathogens are potential diagnostic markers and targets for therapeutic agents. In this review, we summarize the distribution, structure, role as immunomodulators, and the correlation of human mucins with diseases and perform a comparative analysis of mucins with mucin-like molecules present in human pathogens. Furthermore, we review the methods to produce pathogenic and human mucins using chemical synthesis and expression systems. Finally, we present applications of mucin-like molecules in diagnosis and prevention of relevant human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pinzón Martín
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Varón Silva
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Integrated analyses of murine breast cancer models reveal critical parallels with human disease. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3261. [PMID: 31332182 PMCID: PMC6646342 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse models have an essential role in cancer research, yet little is known about how various models resemble human cancer at a genomic level. Here, we complete whole genome sequencing and transcriptome profiling of two widely used mouse models of breast cancer, MMTV-Neu and MMTV-PyMT. Through integrative in vitro and in vivo studies, we identify copy number alterations in key extracellular matrix proteins including collagen 1 type 1 alpha 1 (COL1A1) and chondroadherin (CHAD) that drive metastasis in these mouse models. In addition to copy number alterations, we observe a propensity of the tumors to modulate tyrosine kinase-mediated signaling through mutation of phosphatases such as PTPRH in the MMTV-PyMT mouse model. Mutation in PTPRH leads to increased phospho-EGFR levels and decreased latency. These findings underscore the importance of understanding the complete genomic landscape of a mouse model and illustrate the utility this has in understanding human cancers. Mouse models are an essential tool in breast cancer research. Here, the authors present the genomic and transcriptomic profiles of two widely used mouse models, revealing parallels with the human disease specifically with metastasis and treatment response.
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18
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Personalized prediction of genes with tumor-causing somatic mutations based on multi-modal deep Boltzmann machine. Neurocomputing 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2018.02.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Chang CS, Kitamura E, Johnson J, Bollag R, Hawthorn L. Genomic analysis of racial differences in triple negative breast cancer. Genomics 2018; 111:1529-1542. [PMID: 30366040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is more prevalent in African Americans (AAs), has a more aggressive clinical course including a higher mortality rate and an increased occurrence of metastases. This study was designed to determine if racial differences at the molecular level might explain the more aggressive phenotype in AAs. Mutation profiling, was performed on 51 AA and 77 CA tumor/ normal pairs. Transcript expression analysis was performed on 35AA and 37CA. Genes with high frequency mutation rates such as MUC4 and TP53 were common to both racial populations, however genes that were less frequently mutated differed between the races suggesting that those cause the more aggressive nature of TNBC in AA women. JAK-Stat and HER2 signaling were unique to the AA and PTEN and mTOR were unique to the CA profiles. Many pathways identified by the mutational profiles were predicted to be down-regulated by the transcript expression profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eiko Kitamura
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Joan Johnson
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Roni Bollag
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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20
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Browne JA, Leir SH, Eggener SE, Harris A. Region-specific innate antiviral responses of the human epididymis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 473:72-78. [PMID: 29339104 PMCID: PMC6045438 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections of the epididymis are associated with epididymitis, which damages the epithelium and impairs fertility. We showed previously that innate immune response genes were differentially expressed in the corpus and cauda region of the human epididymis in comparison to the caput. Here we investigate the antiviral defense response mechanisms of human epididymis epithelial (HEE) cells. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) are enriched in HEE cells from the corpus and cauda region. These HEE cells show an enhanced response to antiviral ligands (poly(I:C) and HSV-60), as shown by increased IFN-β mRNA expression and IFN-β secretion. Nuclear translocation of phosphorylated p65 occurs after poly(I:C) exposure. In addition, paired box 2 (PAX2), which was implicated in regulating antiviral response pathways, is required for basal expression of the DNA sensor, Z-DNA binding protein (ZBP1) and type I interferon, in caput but not in cauda cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Browne
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Shih-Hsing Leir
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Scott E Eggener
- Section of Urology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Ann Harris
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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21
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Wang Z, Liu L, Luo J, Guo J, Zhai M, Zhang W, Yang Z. Uncovering the heterogeneous genetic variations in two insulin-expressing tumors in a patient with MEN1. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7123-7131. [PMID: 29725435 PMCID: PMC5920406 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is associated with a heterozygous inherited mutation of the menin 1 (MEN1) gene; however, the molecular pathogenesis remains to be fully elucidated. In the present study, whole exome sequencing was performed on two pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs), termed T1 and T2, peri-tumoral tissue (PT) and a blood sample obtained from a patient with MEN1. The cells in T1 and T2, but not PT, showed loss of chromosome 11 where MEN1 was located, confirming that the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of MEN1 was a crucial event in tumorigenesis. PT exhibited chromosome copy number variations (CNVs), suggesting that CNVs may occur ahead of MEN1-associated tumorigenesis. The ploidy, CNVs and somatic point mutations were completely different in T1 and T2, showing the first evidence that multiple PNETs in patients with MEN1 are heterogeneous and arise from polyclonal origins. With the except of one recurrent and possibly benign mutation, no other suspicious driver mutations were identified in the tumors. By contrast, accompanying several chromosome losses, germline heterozygous mutations in the tumor suppressor genes, mucin 6, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming (MUC6), and G protein-coupled receptor 17 (GPR17) showed loss of heterozygosity in the two tumors, or in T2, respectively. These data demonstrated that chromosome instability may aggravate inherited mutations other than MEN1, thus contributing to the tumorigenesis in MEN1-associated PNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zai Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Liguo Liu
- Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Jing Guo
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhai
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Wenjian Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Zhiying Yang
- Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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22
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Haraldsson S, Klarskov L, Nilbert M, Bernstein I, Bonde J, Holck S. Differential expression of CK20, β-catenin, and MUC2/5AC/6 in Lynch syndrome and familial colorectal cancer type X. BMC Clin Pathol 2017; 17:11. [PMID: 28824332 PMCID: PMC5559789 DOI: 10.1186/s12907-017-0052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer comprises Lynch syndrome and familial colorectal cancer type X (FCCTX). Differences in genetics, demographics and histopathology have been extensively studied. The purpose of this study is to characterize their immunoprofile of markers other than MMR proteins. METHODS We compared the expression patterns of cytokeratins (CK7 and CK20), mucins (MUC2/5 AC/6), CDX2 and β-catenin in Lynch syndrome and FCCTX. RESULTS Differences were identified for CK20 and nuclear β-catenin, which were significantly more often expressed in FCCTX than in Lynch syndrome (p < 0.001), whereas MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC6 were overexpressed in Lynch syndrome tumors compared with FCCTX tumors (p = 0.001, < 0.01, and < 0.001, respectively). We observed no differences in the expression patterns of CK7 and CDX2. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we identified significant differences in the immunoprofiles of colorectal cancers linked to FCCTX and Lynch syndrome with a more sporadic-like profile in the former group and a more distinct profile with frequent MUC6 positivity in the latter group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Haraldsson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Kettegaard Alle 29, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Louise Klarskov
- Department of Pathology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Mef Nilbert
- Clinical Research Centre, HNPCC register, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Inge Bernstein
- HNPCC register, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jesper Bonde
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Research Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Susanne Holck
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
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Betge J, Schneider NI, Harbaum L, Pollheimer MJ, Lindtner RA, Kornprat P, Ebert MP, Langner C. MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6 in colorectal cancer: expression profiles and clinical significance. Virchows Arch 2017; 469:255-65. [PMID: 27298226 PMCID: PMC5007278 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-016-1970-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mucin glycoprotein expression can be altered during the carcinogenic process. The impact on the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) is controversial. We analyzed tumors from 381 patients for MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6 expression by immunohistochemical staining, using tissue microarrays. Progression-free and cancer-specific survival were determined using the Kaplan-Meier method. Expression of intestinal mucin MUC2 was lost in 85 (23 %) CRCs, and patients with MUC6-negative tumors showed shorter progression-free survival (PFS, p = 0.043). Gastric mucins MUC5AC and MUC6 showed high (>50 %) aberrant expression in 28 (8 %) and 9 (2 %) cases, respectively. High expression of MUC5AC was associated with longer PFS (p = 0.055). High expression of MUC6 was associated with 100 % PFS (p = 0.024) and longer cancer-specific survival (CSS, p = 0.043). MUC1 was expressed in 238 (64 %) tumors and had no impact on outcome. When analysis was restricted to stages II and III, loss of MUC2 was associated with adverse outcome. Overexpression of both MUC5AC and MUC6 significantly predicted favorable PFS and CSS. In conclusion, loss of MUC2 expression proved to be a predictor of adverse outcome, while the gain of aberrant expression of MUC5AC and particularly of MUC6 was associated with favorable outcome in CRC, notably in intermediate stages II and III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Betge
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim: Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nora I Schneider
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Lars Harbaum
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marion J Pollheimer
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Richard A Lindtner
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Kornprat
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Matthias P Ebert
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim: Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Cord Langner
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, 8036, Graz, Austria.
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24
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Midgett M, López CS, David L, Maloyan A, Rugonyi S. Increased Hemodynamic Load in Early Embryonic Stages Alters Endocardial to Mesenchymal Transition. Front Physiol 2017; 8:56. [PMID: 28228731 PMCID: PMC5296359 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal blood flow is essential for proper heart formation during embryonic development, as abnormal hemodynamic load (blood pressure and shear stress) results in cardiac defects seen in congenital heart disease. However, the progressive detrimental remodeling processes that relate altered blood flow to cardiac defects remain unclear. Endothelial-mesenchymal cell transition is one of the many complex developmental events involved in transforming the early embryonic outflow tract into the aorta, pulmonary trunk, interventricular septum, and semilunar valves. This study elucidated the effects of increased hemodynamic load on endothelial-mesenchymal transition remodeling of the outflow tract cushions in vivo. Outflow tract banding was used to increase hemodynamic load in the chicken embryo heart between Hamburger and Hamilton stages 18 and 24. Increased hemodynamic load induced increased cell density in outflow tract cushions, fewer cells along the endocardial lining, endocardium junction disruption, and altered periostin expression as measured by confocal microscopy analysis. In addition, 3D focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy analysis determined that a portion of endocardial cells adopted a migratory shape after outflow tract banding that is more irregular, elongated, and with extensive cellular projections compared to normal cells. Proteomic mass-spectrometry analysis quantified altered protein composition after banding that is consistent with a more active stage of endothelial-mesenchymal transition. Outflow tract banding enhances the endothelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype during formation of the outflow tract cushions, suggesting that endothelial-mesenchymal transition is a critical developmental process that when disturbed by altered blood flow gives rise to cardiac malformation and defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Midgett
- Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University Portland, OR, USA
| | - Claudia S López
- Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortland, OR, USA; Multiscale Microscopy Core, OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortland, OR, USA
| | - Larry David
- Proteomics Core, Oregon Health and Science University Portland, OR, USA
| | - Alina Maloyan
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sandra Rugonyi
- Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University Portland, OR, USA
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25
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Sierzega M, Młynarski D, Tomaszewska R, Kulig J. Semiquantitative immunohistochemistry for mucin (MUC1, MUC2, MUC3, MUC4, MUC5AC, and MUC6) profiling of pancreatic ductal cell adenocarcinoma improves diagnostic and prognostic performance. Histopathology 2016; 69:582-91. [PMID: 27165582 DOI: 10.1111/his.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Mucin (MUC) glycoproteins are involved in various steps of the carcinogenesis and progression of human malignancies. The aim of this study was to verify whether semiquantitative evaluation of MUC staining by immunohistochemistry may help to differentiate pancreatic ductal cell adenocarcinoma (PDAC) from chronic pancreatitis and normal pancreas. METHODS AND RESULTS Mucin expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in surgical specimens resected from 101 patients with PDAC and 33 with chronic pancreatitis, and in 40 normal pancreatic tissue specimens. A quickscore (QS, range 0-300) was calculated by multiplying staining intensity by the percentage of positive cells. A diagnostic model was developed for MUC QS (MUC1, MUC2, MUC3, MUC4, MUC5AC, and MUC6), based on a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and logistic regression analysis. Median QS values for MUC1 and MUC5AC were significantly higher for PDAC, whereas patients with non-malignant tissues had higher values for MUC3 and MUC6. The area under the curve for the ROC curve derived from the diagnostic model including MUC3, MUC5AC and MUC6 was 0.96 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91-0.98], with 85% sensitivity and 94% specificity. Median QS values for MUC2 were significantly higher in patients with less advanced tumours, whereas venous invasion was associated with a lower QS for MUC6. Moreover, multivariate survival analysis revealed that low MUC6 expression was a negative prognostic factor, with a hazard ratio of 1.73 (95% CI 1.07-2.81). CONCLUSIONS The three-MUC diagnostic model (MUC3, MUC5AC, and MUC6) showed an excellent ability to discriminate pancreatic cancer from non-malignant tissues, and yielded information that may prove useful for the development of clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Sierzega
- First Department of Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Damian Młynarski
- Department of Pathology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Romana Tomaszewska
- Department of Pathology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan Kulig
- First Department of Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Protein Profiling Gastric Cancer and Neighboring Control Tissues Using High-Content Antibody Microarrays. MICROARRAYS 2016; 5:microarrays5030019. [PMID: 27600085 PMCID: PMC5040966 DOI: 10.3390/microarrays5030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, protein profiling was performed on gastric cancer tissue samples in order to identify proteins that could be utilized for an effective diagnosis of this highly heterogeneous disease and as targets for therapeutic approaches. To this end, 16 pairs of postoperative gastric adenocarcinomas and adjacent non-cancerous control tissues were analyzed on microarrays that contain 813 antibodies targeting 724 proteins. Only 17 proteins were found to be differentially regulated, with much fewer molecules than the numbers usually identified in studies comparing tumor to healthy control tissues. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7), S100 calcium binding protein A9 (S100A9), interleukin-10 (IL‐10) and mucin 6 (MUC6) exhibited the most profound variations. For an evaluation of the proteins’ capacity for discriminating gastric cancer, a Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis was performed, yielding an accuracy (area under the curve) value of 89.2% for distinguishing tumor from non-tumorous tissue. For confirmation, immunohistological analyses were done on tissue slices prepared from another cohort of patients with gastric cancer. The utility of the 17 marker proteins, and particularly the four molecules with the highest specificity for gastric adenocarcinoma, is discussed for them to act as candidates for diagnosis, even in serum, and targets for therapeutic approaches.
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27
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Mészáros B, Zeke A, Reményi A, Simon I, Dosztányi Z. Systematic analysis of somatic mutations driving cancer: uncovering functional protein regions in disease development. Biol Direct 2016; 11:23. [PMID: 27150584 PMCID: PMC4858844 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-016-0125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent advances in sequencing technologies enable the large-scale identification of genes that are affected by various genetic alterations in cancer. However, understanding tumor development requires insights into how these changes cause altered protein function and impaired network regulation in general and/or in specific cancer types. Results In this work we present a novel method called iSiMPRe that identifies regions that are significantly enriched in somatic mutations and short in-frame insertions or deletions (indels). Applying this unbiased method to the complete human proteome, by using data enriched through various cancer genome projects, we identified around 500 protein regions which could be linked to one or more of 27 distinct cancer types. These regions covered the majority of known cancer genes, surprisingly even tumor suppressors. Additionally, iSiMPRe also identified novel genes and regions that have not yet been associated with cancer. Conclusions While local somatic mutations correspond to only a subset of genetic variations that can lead to cancer, our systematic analyses revealed that they represent an accompanying feature of most cancer driver genes regardless of the primary mechanism by which they are perturbed during tumorigenesis. These results indicate that the accumulation of local somatic mutations can be used to pinpoint genes responsible for cancer formation and can also help to understand the effect of cancer mutations at the level of functional modules in a broad range of cancer driver genes. Reviewers This article was reviewed by Sándor Pongor, Michael Gromiha and Zoltán Gáspári. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13062-016-0125-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Mészáros
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Magyar Tudósok krt, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary.
| | - András Zeke
- Lendület Protein Interaction Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Magyar Tudósok krt, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Attila Reményi
- Lendület Protein Interaction Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Magyar Tudósok krt, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - István Simon
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Magyar Tudósok krt, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Dosztányi
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Bioinformatics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 11/c Pázmány Péter stny, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary.
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28
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Browne JA, Yang R, Eggener SE, Leir SH, Harris A. HNF1 regulates critical processes in the human epididymis epithelium. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 425:94-102. [PMID: 26808453 PMCID: PMC4799753 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The luminal environment of the epididymis participates in sperm maturation and impacts male fertility. It is dependent on the coordinated expression of many genes encoding proteins with a role in epithelial transport. We identified cis-regulatory elements for critical genes in epididymis function, by mapping open chromatin genome-wide in human epididymis epithelial (HEE) cells. Bioinformatic predictions of transcription factors binding to the regulatory elements suggested an important role for hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 (HNF1) in the transcriptional program of these cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) revealed HNF1 target genes in HEE cells. In parallel, the contribution of HNF1 to the transcriptome of HEE cells was determined by RNA-seq, following siRNA-mediated depletion of both HNF1α and HNF1β transcription factors. Repression of these factors caused differential expression of 1892 transcripts (902 were downregulated and 990 upregulated) in comparison to non-targeting siRNAs. Differentially expressed genes with HNF1 ChIP-seq peaks within 20 kb were subject to gene ontology process enrichment analysis. Among the most significant processes associated with down-regulated genes were epithelial transport of water, phosphate and bicarbonate, all critical processes in epididymis epithelial function. Measurements of intracellular pH (pHi) confirmed a role for HNF1 in regulating the epididymis luminal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Browne
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rui Yang
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Scott E Eggener
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shih-Hsing Leir
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ann Harris
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Hoffmann W. TFF2, a MUC6-binding lectin stabilizing the gastric mucus barrier and more (Review). Int J Oncol 2015. [PMID: 26201258 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The peptide TFF2 (formerly 'spasmolytic polypeptide'), a member of the trefoil factor family (TFF) containing two TFF domains, is mainly expressed together with the mucin MUC6 in the gastric epithelium and duodenal Brunner's glands. Pathologically, TFF2 expression is observed ectopically during stone diseases, chronic inflammatory conditions and in several metaplastic and neoplastic epithelia; most prominent being the 'spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia' (SPEM), which is an established gastric precancerous lesion. TFF2 plays a critical role in maintaining gastric mucosal integrity and appears to restrain tumorigenesis in the stomach. Recently, porcine TFF2 has been shown to interact with the gastric mucin MUC6 and thus stabilize the gastric mucus barrier. On the one hand, TFF2 binds to MUC6 via non-covalent lectin interactions with the glycotope GlcNAcα1→4Galβ1→R. On the other hand, TFF2 is probably also covalently bound to MUC6 via disulfide bridges. Thus, implications for the complex multimeric assembly, cross-linking, and packaging of MUC6 as well as the rheology of gastric mucus are discussed in detail in this review. Furthermore, TFF2 is also expressed in minor amounts in the immune and nervous systems. Thus, similar to galectins, its lectin activity would perfectly enable TFF2 to form multivalent complexes and cross-linked lattices with a plethora of transmembrane glycoproteins and thus modulate different signal transduction processes. This could explain the multiple and diverse biological effects of TFF2 [e.g., motogenic, (anti)apoptotic, and angiogenic effects]. Finally, a function during fertilization is also possible for TFF domains because they occur as shuffled modules in certain zona pellucida proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Hoffmann
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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30
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Mucin expression in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration specimens is a useful prognostic factor in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Pancreas 2015; 44:728-34. [PMID: 25906442 PMCID: PMC4464972 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to further examine the utility of mucin (MUC) expression profiles as prognostic factors in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). METHODS Mucin expression was examined by immunohistochemistry analysis in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration specimens obtained from 114 patients with PDAC. The rate of expression of each MUC was compared with clinicopathologic features. RESULTS The expression rates of MUCs in cancer lesions were MUC1, 87.7%; MUC2, 0.8%; MUC4, 93.0%; MUC5AC, 78.9%; MUC6, 24.6%; and MUC16, 67.5%. MUC1 and MUC4 were positive, and MUC2 was negative in most PDACs. Patients with advanced stage of PDAC with MUC5AC expression had a significantly better outcome than those who were MUC5AC-negative (P = 0.002). With increasing clinical stage, total MUC6 expression decreased (P for trend = 0.001) and MUC16 cytoplasmic expression increased (P for trend = 0.02). The prognosis of patients with MUC16 cytoplasmic expression was significantly poorer than those without this expression. Multivariate survival analysis revealed that MUC16 cytoplasmic expression was a significant independent predictor of a poor prognosis after adjusting for the effects of other prognostic factors (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Mucin expression profiles in ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration specimens have excellent diagnostic utility and are useful predictors of outcome in patients with PDAC.
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Li H, Yu B, Li J, Su L, Yan M, Zhang J, Li C, Zhu Z, Liu B. Characterization of differentially expressed genes involved in pathways associated with gastric cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125013. [PMID: 25928635 PMCID: PMC4415781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the patterns of gene expression in gastric cancer, a total of 26 paired gastric cancer and noncancerous tissues from patients were enrolled for gene expression microarray analyses. Limma methods were applied to analyze the data, and genes were considered to be significantly differentially expressed if the False Discovery Rate (FDR) value was < 0.01, P-value was <0.01 and the fold change (FC) was >2. Subsequently, Gene Ontology (GO) categories were used to analyze the main functions of the differentially expressed genes. According to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, we found pathways significantly associated with the differential genes. Gene-Act network and co-expression network were built respectively based on the relationships among the genes, proteins and compounds in the database. 2371 mRNAs and 350 lncRNAs considered as significantly differentially expressed genes were selected for the further analysis. The GO categories, pathway analyses and the Gene-Act network showed a consistent result that up-regulated genes were responsible for tumorigenesis, migration, angiogenesis and microenvironment formation, while down-regulated genes were involved in metabolism. These results of this study provide some novel findings on coding RNAs, lncRNAs, pathways and the co-expression network in gastric cancer which will be useful to guide further investigation and target therapy for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Beiqin Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianfang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Su
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingya Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Cai Z, Palmai-Pallag T, Khuituan P, Mutolo MJ, Boinot C, Liu B, Scott-Ward TS, Callebaut I, Harris A, Sheppard DN. Impact of the F508del mutation on ovine CFTR, a Cl- channel with enhanced conductance and ATP-dependent gating. J Physiol 2015; 593:2427-46. [PMID: 25763566 DOI: 10.1113/jp270227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Malfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a gated pathway for chloride movement, causes the common life-shortening genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF). Towards the development of a sheep model of CF, we have investigated the function of sheep CFTR. We found that sheep CFTR was noticeably more active than human CFTR, while the most common CF mutation, F508del, had reduced impact on sheep CFTR function. Our results demonstrate that subtle changes in protein structure have marked effects on CFTR function and the consequences of the CF mutation F508del. ABSTRACT Cross-species comparative studies are a powerful approach to understanding the epithelial Cl(-) channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which is defective in the genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF). Here, we investigate the single-channel behaviour of ovine CFTR and the impact of the most common CF mutation, F508del-CFTR, using excised inside-out membrane patches from transiently transfected CHO cells. Like human CFTR, ovine CFTR formed a weakly inwardly rectifying Cl(-) channel regulated by PKA-dependent phosphorylation, inhibited by the open-channel blocker glibenclamide. However, for three reasons, ovine CFTR was noticeably more active than human CFTR. First, single-channel conductance was increased. Second, open probability was augmented because the frequency and duration of channel openings were increased. Third, with enhanced affinity and efficacy, ATP more strongly stimulated ovine CFTR channel gating. Consistent with these data, the CFTR modulator phloxine B failed to potentiate ovine CFTR Cl(-) currents. Similar to its impact on human CFTR, the F508del mutation caused a temperature-sensitive folding defect, which disrupted ovine CFTR protein processing and reduced membrane stability. However, the F508del mutation had reduced impact on ovine CFTR channel gating in contrast to its marked effects on human CFTR. We conclude that ovine CFTR forms a regulated Cl(-) channel with enhanced conductance and ATP-dependent channel gating. This phylogenetic analysis of CFTR structure and function demonstrates that subtle changes in structure have pronounced effects on channel function and the consequences of the CF mutation F508del.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Cai
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Timea Palmai-Pallag
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60614, USA.,Harris Laboratory, formerly at the Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pissared Khuituan
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.,Center of Calcium and Bone Research, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Michael J Mutolo
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60614, USA
| | - Clément Boinot
- Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires, Université de Poitiers, CNRS FRE 3511, 86022, Poitiers, France
| | - Beihui Liu
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Toby S Scott-Ward
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Isabelle Callebaut
- IMPMC, Sorbonne Universités - UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR CNRS 7590, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, IRD UMR 206, IUC, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Ann Harris
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60614, USA
| | - David N Sheppard
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
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Ryan A, Smith A, Moore P, McNally S, Carrington SD, Reid CJ, Clyne M. Expression and Characterization of a Novel Recombinant Version of the Secreted Human Mucin MUC5AC in Airway Cell Lines. Biochemistry 2015; 54:1089-99. [DOI: 10.1021/bi5011267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aindrias Ryan
- The School of Medicine and Medical
Science, ‡Conway Institute of Biomolecular
and Biomedical Research, and §School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Angeline Smith
- The School of Medicine and Medical
Science, ‡Conway Institute of Biomolecular
and Biomedical Research, and §School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick Moore
- The School of Medicine and Medical
Science, ‡Conway Institute of Biomolecular
and Biomedical Research, and §School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susan McNally
- The School of Medicine and Medical
Science, ‡Conway Institute of Biomolecular
and Biomedical Research, and §School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen D. Carrington
- The School of Medicine and Medical
Science, ‡Conway Institute of Biomolecular
and Biomedical Research, and §School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm J. Reid
- The School of Medicine and Medical
Science, ‡Conway Institute of Biomolecular
and Biomedical Research, and §School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marguerite Clyne
- The School of Medicine and Medical
Science, ‡Conway Institute of Biomolecular
and Biomedical Research, and §School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Browne JA, Yang R, Song L, Crawford GE, Leir SH, Harris A. Open chromatin mapping identifies transcriptional networks regulating human epididymis epithelial function. Mol Hum Reprod 2014; 20:1198-207. [PMID: 25180270 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gau075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelium lining the epididymis in the male reproductive tract maintains a luminal environment that promotes sperm cell maturation. This process is dependent on the coordinated expression of many genes that encode proteins with a role in epithelial transport. We previously generated genome-wide maps of open chromatin in primary human epididymis epithelial (HEE) cells to identify potential regulatory elements controlling coordinated gene expression in the epididymis epithelium. Subsequent in silico analysis identified transcription factor-binding sites (TFBS) that were over-represented in the HEE open chromatin, including the motif for paired box 2 (PAX2). PAX2 is a critical transcriptional regulator of urogenital tract development, which has been well studied in the kidney but is unexplored in the epididymis. Due to the limited lifespan of primary HEE cells in culture, we investigated the role of PAX2 in an immortalized HEE cell line (REP). First, REP cells were evaluated by DNase I digestion followed by high-throughput sequencing and the PAX2-binding motif was again identified as an over-represented TFBS within intergenic open chromatin, though on fewer chromosomes than in the primary HEE cells. To identify PAX2-target genes in REP cells, RNA-seq analysis was performed after siRNA-mediated depletion of PAX2 and compared with that with a non-targeting siRNA. In response to PAX2-repression, 3135 transcripts were differentially expressed (1333 up-regulated and 1802 down-regulated). Novel PAX2 targets included multiple genes encoding proteins with predicted functions in the epididymis epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Browne
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, IL, USA Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rui Yang
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, IL, USA Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lingyun Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gregory E Crawford
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shih-Hsing Leir
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, IL, USA Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ann Harris
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, IL, USA Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Ponnusamy MP, Seshacharyulu P, Lakshmanan I, Vaz AP, Chugh S, Batra SK. Emerging role of mucins in epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2014; 13:945-56. [PMID: 24168188 DOI: 10.2174/15680096113136660100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important and complex phenomenon that determines the aggressiveness of cancer cells. The morphological transformation of cancerous cells is accompanied by various cellular processes such as alterations in cell-cell adhesion, cell matrix degradation, down regulation of epithelial marker Ecadherin and upregulation of mesenchymal markers N-cadherin and Vimentin. Besides these markers several other important tumor antigens/mucins are also involved in the EMT process. Mainly high molecular weight glycoproteins such as mucin molecules (MUC1, MUC4 and MUC16) play a major role in the cellular transformation and signaling alteration in EMT process. In addition to these factors, EMT may be an essential process triggering the emergence or expansion of the CSC population, which slowly results in the initiation of tumor at metastatic sites. Furthermore, mucins have been demonstrated to be involved in the EMT process and also in the enrichment of cancer stem cell population. Mucin mediated EMT is very complex since the key components of tumor microenvironment are also regulating mucin molecules. In this review, we have discussed all the aforementioned factors and their mechanistic involvement for EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198-5870, USA.
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Bäckström M, Ambort D, Thomsson E, Johansson MEV, Hansson GC. Increased understanding of the biochemistry and biosynthesis of MUC2 and other gel-forming mucins through the recombinant expression of their protein domains. Mol Biotechnol 2013; 54:250-6. [PMID: 23359125 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-012-9562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The gel-forming mucins are large and heavily O-glycosylated proteins which build up mucus gels. The recombinant production of full-length gel-forming mucins has not been possible to date. In order to study mucin biosynthesis and biochemistry, we and others have taken the alternative approach of constructing different recombinant proteins consisting of one or several domains of these large proteins and expressing them separately in different cell lines. Using this approach, we have determined that MUC2, the intestinal gel-forming mucin, dimerizes via its C-terminal cysteine-knot domain and also trimerizes via one of the N-terminal von Willebrand D domains. Both of these interactions are disulfide bond mediated. Via this assembly, a molecular network is built by which the mucus gel is formed. Here we discuss not only the functional understanding obtained from studies of the recombinant proteins, but also highlight the difficulties encountered when these proteins were produced recombinantly. We often found an accumulation of the proteins in the ER and consequently no secretion. This was especially apparent when the cysteine-rich domains of the N- and C-terminal parts of the mucins were expressed. Other proteins that we constructed were either not secreted or not expressed at all. Despite these problems, the knowledge of mucin biosynthesis and assembly has advanced considerably through the studies of these recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Bäckström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Gosalia N, Leir SH, Harris A. Coordinate regulation of the gel-forming mucin genes at chromosome 11p15.5. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:6717-25. [PMID: 23303185 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.437400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Four of the genes that encode gel-forming mucins, which are major components of the mucus layer protecting many epithelial surfaces, are clustered at chromosome 11p15.5 and show both cell- and tissue-specific expression patterns. We aimed to determine whether the individual genes were coordinately regulated by mechanisms involving higher order chromatin structure. CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) sites were predicted in silico and CTCF occupancy then evaluated by chromatin immunoprecipitation. CTCF was found at many sites across the gene cluster, and its binding was correlated with mucin gene expression. Next, siRNA-mediated depletion of CTCF was shown to increase MUC2 expression in A549 lung carcinoma cells and both MUC6 and MUC5AC expression in LS180 colon carcinoma cells. These changes correlated with loss of CTCF binding at multiple sites, although others retained occupancy. In cells actively expressing the mucins, the gene cluster was shown by chromosome conformation capture to form looped three-dimensional structures with direct interactions between the MUC2 promoter region, regions 30 kb 5' to it, close to the MUC6 promoter and others near the 3' end of MUC5AC, >170 kb away. Finally, to demonstrate the importance of CTCF binding to mucin gene expression, Calu-3 lung carcinoma cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS increased the expression of MUC2 and MUC5AC and reduced MUC5B. CTCF occupancy was concurrently depleted at specific binding sites close to these genes. These data suggest that CTCF binding and cell type-specific long-range interactions across the 11p15.5 gene cluster are critical mechanisms for coordinating gel-forming mucin gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal Gosalia
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Children's Memorial Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60614, USA
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Sasaki M, Matsubara T, Yoneda N, Nomoto K, Tsuneyama K, Sato Y, Nakanuma Y. Overexpression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 and MUC1 may be related to malignant behaviour in intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct. Histopathology 2012; 62:446-57. [PMID: 23163606 DOI: 10.1111/his.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) usually has a favourable prognosis, but occasionally is associated with invasive carcinoma. Overexpression of the polycomb group protein enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is involved in the progression of malignant tumours. In this study, we examined the significance of EZH2 expression in IPNB and its association with clinicopathological features and the expression of p16(INK4a) , p53 and mucin core proteins. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined immunohistochemically the expression of EZH2, p16(INK4a) , MUC mucin core proteins and p53 in 15 patients with IPNB without invasion, including the cystic variant [male/female ratio (M/F) = 9/6], and in 19 with IPNB associated with invasive carcinoma (M/F = 13/6). The expression levels of EZH2, p53 and MUC1 were significantly lower (P < 0.01), and of MUC6 were significantly higher (P < 0.05), in IPNB without invasion than in IPNB with invasion. Expression of EZH2 was significantly correlated with expression of MUC1 (P < 0.01) and inversely correlated with expression of MUC6 (P < 0.05). In cholangiocarcinoma cells (HuCTT-1 and TFK-1), knockdown of EZH2 and MUC1 by small interfering RNA decreased invasion and proliferation, whereas knockdown of MUC6 increased invasion. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of EZH2 may be associated with malignant behaviour in IPNB in parallel with up-regulated MUC1 expression and down-regulated MUC6 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoko Sasaki
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
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Ambort D, Johansson MEV, Gustafsson JK, Ermund A, Hansson GC. Perspectives on mucus properties and formation--lessons from the biochemical world. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2012; 2:2/11/a014159. [PMID: 23125206 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a014159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Our model of the MUC2 mucin shows a well-organized netlike gel that is cross-linked by six different covalent and noncovalent bonds. When the MUC2 mucin is packed in the mucin granule it is organized by an amino-terminal concatenated ring platform formed at high calcium and low pH. This packing allows an ordered release and a normal mucin expansion when calcium is removed and pH increased by bicarbonate. This process is defective in the absence of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent bicarbonate transport. The expanded secreted mucin is suggested to be self-organizing by properties inherited in the MUC2 mucin and by proteolytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ambort
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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Valque H, Gouyer V, Gottrand F, Desseyn JL. MUC5B leads to aggressive behavior of breast cancer MCF7 cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46699. [PMID: 23056409 PMCID: PMC3462796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucin MUC5B has a critical protective function in the normal lung, salivary glands, esophagus, and gallbladder, and has been reported to be aberrantly expressed in breast cancer, the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. To understand better the implication of MUC5B in cancer pathogenesis, the luminal human breast cancer cell line MCF7 was transfected with a vector encoding a recombinant mini-mucin MUC5B and was then infected with a virus to deliver a short hairpin RNA to knock down the mini-mucin. The proliferative and invasive properties in Matrigel of MCF7 subclones and subpopulations were evaluated in vitro. A xenograft model was established by subcutaneous inoculation of MCF7 clones and subpopulations in SCID mice. Tumor growth was measured, and the tumors and metastases were assessed by histological and immunological analysis. The mini-mucin MUC5B promoted MCF7 cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. The xenograft experiments demonstrated that the mini-mucin promoted tumor growth and MCF7 cell dissemination. In conclusion, MUC5B expression is associated with aggressive behavior of MCF7 breast cancer cells. This study suggests that MUC5B may represent a good target for slowing tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Valque
- Inserm U995, Lille, France
- University Lille 2, Lille, France
| | - Valérie Gouyer
- Inserm U995, Lille, France
- University Lille 2, Lille, France
- CHRU of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Frédéric Gottrand
- Inserm U995, Lille, France
- University Lille 2, Lille, France
- CHRU of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Luc Desseyn
- Inserm U995, Lille, France
- University Lille 2, Lille, France
- * E-mail:
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