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Şensoy E. Comparison of the effect of Sunset yellow on the stomach and small intestine of developmental period of mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31998. [PMID: 38882373 PMCID: PMC11176863 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Sunset Yellow (SY), a synthetic food dye, is widely used in the food industry worldwide. The acceptable daily dosage for SY is 2.5 mg/kg/bw in humans. If SY is consumed in overdosage, it may cause histopathological effects in several organs. Studies in the literature about the effects of SY on growth and development in mammals are contradictory, and there are not enough of them. The investigation aims to determine SY's effects on the stomach and small intestine in different age groups of mice using histological methods. Control and treatment groups were created via mice aged 4, 8, and 10 weeks (n = 6). SY was administered by gavage at a level of 30 mg/kg/bw for 28 days to treatment groups. On the last day of the study, the mice were weighed and sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Stomach and small intestine tissues were removed from mice and transferred to 10 % formaldehyde. After passing through alcohol and xylene series and staining with Hematoxylin-Eosin, the tissues were evaluated under light and electron microscopy. The mean body weight (p = 0.01), mean stomach weight (p = 0.03), and mean small intestine weight were increased (p = 0.02) in treatment groups. In these groups, ruptures, fractures, and hemorrhage were detected in the small intestine tissue. In the stomach tissue, necrotic areas and hemorrhage were detected among the epithelial cells. The degenerations were more advanced in the weaning group. SY may be more harmful during weaning and puberty, but additional long-term studies are needed on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhan Şensoy
- Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University Faculty of Health Science, Karaman, Turkey
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2
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Urciuolo F, Imparato G, Netti PA. Engineering Cell Instructive Microenvironments for In Vitro Replication of Functional Barrier Organs. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400357. [PMID: 38695274 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms exhibit synergistic effects among their components, giving rise to emergent properties crucial for their genesis and overall functionality and survival. Morphogenesis involves and relies upon intricate and biunivocal interactions among cells and their environment, that is, the extracellular matrix (ECM). Cells secrete their own ECM, which in turn, regulates their morphogenetic program by controlling time and space presentation of matricellular signals. The ECM, once considered passive, is now recognized as an informative space where both biochemical and biophysical signals are tightly orchestrated. Replicating this sophisticated and highly interconnected informative media in a synthetic scaffold for tissue engineering is unattainable with current technology and this limits the capability to engineer functional human organs in vitro and in vivo. This review explores current limitations to in vitro organ morphogenesis, emphasizing the interplay of gene regulatory networks, mechanical factors, and tissue microenvironment cues. In vitro efforts to replicate biological processes for barrier organs such as the lung and intestine, are examined. The importance of maintaining cells within their native microenvironmental context is highlighted to accurately replicate organ-specific properties. The review underscores the necessity for microphysiological systems that faithfully reproduce cell-native interactions, for advancing the understanding of developmental disorders and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Urciuolo
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMAPI) and Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, Napoli, 80125, Italy
| | - Giorgia Imparato
- Centre for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care (IIT@CRIB), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, L.go Barsanti e Matteucci, Napoli, 80125, Italy
| | - Paolo Antonio Netti
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMAPI) and Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, Napoli, 80125, Italy
- Centre for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care (IIT@CRIB), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, L.go Barsanti e Matteucci, Napoli, 80125, Italy
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3
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Long X, Liu M, Nan Y, Chen Q, Xiao Z, Xiang Y, Ying X, Sun J, Huang Q, Ai K. Revitalizing Ancient Mitochondria with Nano-Strategies: Mitochondria-Remedying Nanodrugs Concentrate on Disease Control. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308239. [PMID: 38224339 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria, widely known as the energy factories of eukaryotic cells, have a myriad of vital functions across diverse cellular processes. Dysfunctions within mitochondria serve as catalysts for various diseases, prompting widespread cellular demise. Mounting research on remedying damaged mitochondria indicates that mitochondria constitute a valuable target for therapeutic intervention against diseases. But the less clinical practice and lower recovery rate imply the limitation of traditional drugs, which need a further breakthrough. Nanotechnology has approached favorable regiospecific biodistribution and high efficacy by capitalizing on excellent nanomaterials and targeting drug delivery. Mitochondria-remedying nanodrugs have achieved ideal therapeutic effects. This review elucidates the significance of mitochondria in various cells and organs, while also compiling mortality data for related diseases. Correspondingly, nanodrug-mediate therapeutic strategies and applicable mitochondria-remedying nanodrugs in disease are detailed, with a full understanding of the roles of mitochondria dysfunction and the advantages of nanodrugs. In addition, the future challenges and directions are widely discussed. In conclusion, this review provides comprehensive insights into the design and development of mitochondria-remedying nanodrugs, aiming to help scientists who desire to extend their research fields and engage in this interdisciplinary subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Long
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P. R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Yayun Nan
- Geriatric Medical Center, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750002, P. R. China
| | - Qiaohui Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
| | - Zuoxiu Xiao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Xiang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Ying
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830017, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Kelong Ai
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Aging-related Bone and Joint Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
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4
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Pardy RD, Walzer KA, Wallbank BA, Byerly JH, O’Dea KM, Cohn IS, Haskins BE, Roncaioli JL, Smith EJ, Buenconsejo GY, Striepen B, Hunter CA. Analysis of intestinal epithelial cell responses to Cryptosporidium highlights the temporal effects of IFN-γ on parasite restriction. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011820. [PMID: 38718306 PMCID: PMC11078546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The production of IFN-γ is crucial for control of multiple enteric infections, but its impact on intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) is not well understood. Cryptosporidium parasites exclusively infect epithelial cells and the ability of interferons to activate the transcription factor STAT1 in IEC is required for parasite clearance. Here, the use of single cell RNA sequencing to profile IEC during infection revealed an increased proportion of mid-villus enterocytes during infection and induction of IFN-γ-dependent gene signatures that was comparable between uninfected and infected cells. These analyses were complemented by in vivo studies, which demonstrated that IEC expression of the IFN-γ receptor was required for parasite control. Unexpectedly, treatment of Ifng-/- mice with IFN-γ showed the IEC response to this cytokine correlates with a delayed reduction in parasite burden but did not affect parasite development. These data sets provide insight into the impact of IFN-γ on IEC and suggest a model in which IFN-γ signalling to uninfected enterocytes is important for control of Cryptosporidium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Pardy
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Katelyn A. Walzer
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Bethan A. Wallbank
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jessica H. Byerly
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Keenan M. O’Dea
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ian S. Cohn
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Breanne E. Haskins
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Justin L. Roncaioli
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Eleanor J. Smith
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gracyn Y. Buenconsejo
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Boris Striepen
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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5
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Pauer SM, Buß B, Diener M, Ballout J. Time-dependent effects of tumor necrosis factor α on Ca 2+-dependent secretion in murine small intestinal organoids. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1382238. [PMID: 38737827 PMCID: PMC11082751 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1382238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal organoids are stem cell-derived, 3D "mini-guts" with similar functions as the native intestinal epithelium such as electrolyte transport or establishment of an epithelial barrier. During intestinal inflammation, epithelial functions are dysregulated by proinflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and other messengers from the immune system resulting in a loss of electrolytes and water due to an impaired epithelial barrier and higher net secretion. Methods A murine small intestinal organoid model was established to study (long-term) effects of TNFα on the intestinal epithelium in vitro using live imaging, immunohistochemical staining and qPCR. Results TNFα induced apoptosis in intestinal organoids as indicated by an increased number of cells with immunoreactivity for cleaved caspase 3. Furthermore, TNFα exposure led to swelling of the organoids which was inhibited by bumetanide and was concomitant with an upregulation of the bumetanide-sensitive Na+-K+-2Cl- symporter 1 (NKCC1) as shown by qPCR. Fura-2 imaging experiments revealed time-dependent changes in Ca2+ signaling consisting of a rise in the basal cytosolic Ca2+ concentration at day 1 and an increase of the carbachol-induced Ca2+ response after 3 days TNFα exposure. This was prevented by preincubation with La3+, an inhibitor of non-selective cation channels, or by using a Ca2+-free buffer indicating an enhancement of the Ca2+ influx from the extracellular side by the cytokine. No significant changes in cDNA levels of epithelial barrier proteins could be observed in the presence of TNFα. Conclusion Intestinal organoids are a useful tool to study the mechanism underlying the TNFα-induced secretion on enterocytes such as the regulation of NKCC1 expression or the modulation of cellular Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jasmin Ballout
- Institute for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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6
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Moore ML, Ford JL, Schladweiler MC, Dye JA, Jackson TW, Miller CN. Gut metabolic changes during pregnancy reveal the importance of gastrointestinal region in sample collection. Metabolomics 2024; 20:40. [PMID: 38460019 PMCID: PMC11168590 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-024-02099-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies of gastrointestinal physiology and the gut microbiome often consider the influence of intestinal region on experimental endpoints. However, this same consideration is not often applied to the gut metabolome. Understanding the contribution of gut regionality may be critically important to the rapidly changing metabolic environments, such as during pregnancy. OBJECTIVES We sought to characterize the difference in the gut metabolome in pregnant mice stratified by region-comparing the small intestine, cecum, and feces. Pre-pregnancy feces were collected to understand the influence of pregnancy on the fecal metabolome. METHODS Feces were collected from CD-1 female mice before breeding. On gestation day (GD) 18, gut contents were collected from the small intestine, cecum, and descending colon. Metabolites were analyzed with LC-MS/MS using the Biocrates MetaboINDICATOR™ MxP® Quant 500 kit. RESULTS Of the 104 small molecule metabolites meeting analysis criteria, we found that 84 (81%) were differentially abundant based on gut region. The most significant regional comparison observed was between the cecum and small intestines, with 52 (50%) differentially abundant metabolites. Pregnancy itself altered 41 (39.4%) fecal small molecule metabolites. CONCLUSIONS The regional variation observed in the gut metabolome are likely due to the microbial and physiological differences between the different parts of the intestines. Additionally, pregnancy impacts the fecal metabolome, which may be due to evolving needs of both the dam and fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makala L Moore
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jermaine L Ford
- Chemical Characterization and Exposure Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Mette C Schladweiler
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Janice A Dye
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Thomas W Jackson
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Colette N Miller
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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7
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Sesink A, Becerra M, Ruan JL, Leboucher S, Dubail M, Heinrich S, Jdey W, Petersson K, Fouillade C, Berthault N, Dutreix M, Girard PM. The AsiDNA™ decoy mimicking DSBs protects the normal tissue from radiation toxicity through a DNA-PK/p53/p21-dependent G1/S arrest. NAR Cancer 2024; 6:zcae011. [PMID: 38476631 PMCID: PMC10928987 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
AsiDNA™, a cholesterol-coupled oligonucleotide mimicking double-stranded DNA breaks, was developed to sensitize tumour cells to radio- and chemotherapy. This drug acts as a decoy hijacking the DNA damage response. Previous studies have demonstrated that standalone AsiDNA™ administration is well tolerated with no additional adverse effects when combined with chemo- and/or radiotherapy. The lack of normal tissue complication encouraged further examination into the role of AsiDNA™ in normal cells. This research demonstrates the radioprotective properties of AsiDNA™. In vitro, AsiDNA™ induces a DNA-PK/p53/p21-dependent G1/S arrest in normal epithelial cells and fibroblasts that is absent in p53 deficient and proficient tumour cells. This cell cycle arrest improved survival after irradiation only in p53 proficient normal cells. Combined administration of AsiDNA™ with conventional radiotherapy in mouse models of late and early radiation toxicity resulted in decreased onset of lung fibrosis and increased intestinal crypt survival. Similar results were observed following FLASH radiotherapy in standalone or combined with AsiDNA™. Mechanisms comparable to those identified in vitro were detected both in vivo, in the intestine and ex vivo, in precision cut lung slices. Collectively, the results suggest that AsiDNA™ can partially protect healthy tissues from radiation toxicity by triggering a G1/S arrest in normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Sesink
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Margaux Becerra
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jia-Ling Ruan
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Sophie Leboucher
- Histology platform, Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3348, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Maxime Dubail
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Sophie Heinrich
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Wael Jdey
- Valerio Therapeutics, 49 Bd du Général Martial Valin, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Kristoffer Petersson
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
- Radiation Physics, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Charles Fouillade
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Nathalie Berthault
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Marie Dutreix
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Girard
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France
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Malaisé Y, Casale E, Pettes-Duler A, Cartier C, Gaultier E, Martins Breyner N, Houdeau E, Evariste L, Lamas B. Validating Enteroid-Derived Monolayers from Murine Gut Organoids for Toxicological Testing of Inorganic Particles: Proof-of-Concept with Food-Grade Titanium Dioxide. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2635. [PMID: 38473881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Human exposure to foodborne inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) is a growing concern. However, identifying potential hazards linked to NP ingestion often requires long-term exposure in animals. Owing these constraints, intestinal organoids are a promising alternative to in vivo experiments; as such, an in vitro approach should enable a rapid and reliable assessment of the effects of ingested chemicals on the gut. However, this remains to be validated for inorganic substances. In our study, a transcriptomic analysis and immunofluorescence staining were performed to compare the effects of food-grade TiO2 (fg-TiO2) on enteroid-derived monolayers (EDMs) from murine intestinal organoids to the known impacts of TiO2 on intestinal epithelium. After their ability to respond to a pro-inflammatory cytokine cocktail was validated, EDMs were exposed to 0, 0.1, 1, or 10 µg fg-TiO2/mL for 24 h. A dose-related increase of the muc2, vilin 1, and chromogranin A gene markers of cell differentiation was observed. In addition, fg-TiO2 induced apoptosis and dose-dependent genotoxicity, while a decreased expression of genes encoding for antimicrobial peptides, and of genes related to tight junction function, was observed. These results validated the use of EDMs as a reliable model for the toxicity testing of foodborne NPs likely to affect the intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Malaisé
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Eva Casale
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Aurélie Pettes-Duler
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Christel Cartier
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Gaultier
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Natalia Martins Breyner
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Houdeau
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Lauris Evariste
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Lamas
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France
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Leoncini G, Cari L, Ronchetti S, Donato F, Caruso L, Calafà C, Villanacci V. Mucin Expression Profiles in Ulcerative Colitis: New Insights on the Histological Mucosal Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1858. [PMID: 38339134 PMCID: PMC10855303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A structural weakness of the mucus barrier (MB) is thought to be a cause of ulcerative colitis (UC). This study aims to investigate the mucin (MUC) composition of MB in normal mucosa and UC. Ileocolonic biopsies were taken at disease onset and after treatment in 40 patients, including 20 with relapsing and 20 with remitting UC. Ileocolonic biopsies from 10 non-IBD patients were included as controls. Gut-specific MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, MUC5B, MUC12, MUC13, MUC15, and MUC17 were evaluated immunohistochemically. The promoters of mucin genes were also examined. Normal mucosa showed MUC2, MUC5B, and MUC13 in terminal ileum and colon, MUC17 in ileum, and MUC1, MUC4, MUC12, and MUC15 in colon. Membranous, cytoplasmic and vacuolar expressions were highlighted. Overall, the mucin expression was abnormal in UC. Derangements in MUC1, MUC4, and MUC5B were detected both at onset and after treatment. MUC2 and MUC13 were unaffected. Sequence analysis revealed glucocorticoid-responsive elements in the MUC1 promoter, retinoic-acid-responsive elements in the MUC4 promoter, and butyrate-responsive elements in the MUC5B promoter. In conclusion, MUCs exhibited distinct expression patterns in the gut. Their expression was disrupted in UC, regardless of the treatment protocols. Abnormal MUC1, MUC4, and MUC5B expression marked the barrier dysfunction in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Leoncini
- First Pathology Division, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Luigi Cari
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Simona Ronchetti
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Donato
- Unit of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Caruso
- Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Desenzano del Garda Hospital, ASST del Garda, 25015 Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristina Calafà
- Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Desenzano del Garda Hospital, ASST del Garda, 25015 Brescia, Italy
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10
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Pardy RD, Wallbank BA, Striepen B, Hunter CA. Immunity to Cryptosporidium: insights into principles of enteric responses to infection. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:142-155. [PMID: 37697084 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00932-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium parasites replicate within intestinal epithelial cells and are an important cause of diarrhoeal disease in young children and in patients with primary and acquired defects in T cell function. This Review of immune-mediated control of Cryptosporidium highlights advances in understanding how intestinal epithelial cells detect this infection, the induction of innate resistance and the processes required for activation of T cell responses that promote parasite control. The development of a genetic tool set to modify Cryptosporidium combined with tractable mouse models provide new opportunities to understand the principles that govern the interface between intestinal epithelial cells and the immune system that mediate resistance to enteric pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Pardy
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bethan A Wallbank
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Boris Striepen
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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11
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Hosseini A, Barlow GM, Leite G, Rashid M, Parodi G, Wang J, Morales W, Weitsman S, Rezaie A, Pimentel M, Mathur R. Consuming artificial sweeteners may alter the structure and function of duodenal microbial communities. iScience 2023; 26:108530. [PMID: 38125028 PMCID: PMC10730370 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies using stool samples suggest that non-sugar sweetener (NSS) consumption affects gut microbiome composition. However, stool does not represent the entire gut. We analyzed the duodenal luminal microbiome in subjects consuming non-aspartame non-sugar sweeteners (NANS, N = 35), aspartame only (ASP, N = 9), and controls (CON, N = 55) and the stool microbiome in a subset (N = 40). Duodenal alpha diversity was decreased in NANS vs. CON. Duodenal relative abundance (RA) of Escherichia, Klebsiella, and Salmonella (all phylum Proteobacteria) was lower in both NANS and ASP vs. CON, whereas stool RA of Escherichia, Klebsiella, and Salmonella was increased in both NANS and ASP vs. CON. Predicted duodenal microbial metabolic pathways altered in NANS vs. CON included polysaccharides biosynthesis and D-galactose degradation, whereas cylindrospermopsin biosynthesis was significantly enriched in ASP vs. CON. These findings suggest that consuming non-sugar sweeteners may significantly alter microbiome composition and function in the metabolically active small bowel, with different alterations seen in stool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Hosseini
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gillian M. Barlow
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gabriela Leite
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mohamad Rashid
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gonzalo Parodi
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiajing Wang
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Walter Morales
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stacy Weitsman
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ali Rezaie
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark Pimentel
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ruchi Mathur
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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12
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Koubova K, Cizkova K, Burianova A, Tauber Z. PTEN and soluble epoxide hydrolase in intestinal cell differentiation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130496. [PMID: 37866587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial differentiation is a highly organised process. It is influenced by a variety of signalling pathways and enzymes, such as the PI3K pathway and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) from arachidonic acid metabolism. We investigated the changes in the expression of enzymes and lipid messenger from the PI3K pathway, including PTEN, during intestinal cell differentiation in vitro using HT-29 and Caco2 cells and compared them with immunohistochemical patterns of these proteins in human colon. To investigate the possible crosstalk between the PI3K pathway and sEH, we treated HT-29 and Caco2 cells with the sEH inhibitor TPPU. Administration of TPPU to differentiated cells decreased the expression of PTEN, thus reversing the change in its expression observed during cell differentiation. In addition, multiplex immunofluorescence staining confirmed the relationship between the expression of PTEN and villin, a marker of intestinal cell differentiation, ranging from a moderate correlation in undifferentiated cells to a very strong correlation in differentiated cells treated with TPPU. Furthermore, we confirm that PTEN and sEH mirrored their expression patterns in samples of prenatal and adult human intestine compared to tumours using immunohistochemical staining. Taken together, it appears that PTEN and sEH cooperate in the process of intestinal cell differentiation. A better understanding of the crosstalk between the PI3K pathway and sEH and its consequences for cell differentiation is highly desirable, as several sEH inhibitors are under clinical investigation for the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Koubova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Cizkova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Adela Burianova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Tauber
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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13
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Pardy RD, Walzer KA, Wallbank BA, Byerly JH, O’Dea KM, Cohn IS, Haskins BE, Roncaioli JL, Smith EJ, Buenconsejo GY, Striepen B, Hunter CA. Analysis of intestinal epithelial cell responses to Cryptosporidium highlights the temporal effects of IFN-γ on parasite restriction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.14.567008. [PMID: 38014210 PMCID: PMC10680692 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.14.567008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The production of IFN-γ is crucial for control of multiple enteric infections, but its impact on intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) is not well understood. Cryptosporidium parasites exclusively infect epithelial cells and the ability of interferons to activate the transcription factor STAT1 in IEC is required for parasite clearance. The use of single cell RNA sequencing to profile IEC during infection revealed induction of IFN-γ-dependent gene signatures that was comparable between uninfected and infected cells, and IEC expression of the IFN-γ receptor was required for parasite control. Unexpectedly, treatment of Ifng-/- mice with IFN-γ demonstrated the IEC response to this cytokine correlates with a delayed reduction in parasite burden but did not affect parasite development. These data sets provide insight into the impact of IFN-γ on IEC and suggest a model in which IFN-γ-mediated bystander activation of uninfected enterocytes is important for control of Cryptosporidium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Pardy
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katelyn A. Walzer
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bethan A. Wallbank
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica H. Byerly
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Keenan M. O’Dea
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ian S. Cohn
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Breanne E. Haskins
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Justin L. Roncaioli
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eleanor J. Smith
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gracyn Y. Buenconsejo
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Boris Striepen
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher A. Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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14
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Lin L, DeMartino J, Wang D, van Son GJF, van der Linden R, Begthel H, Korving J, Andersson-Rolf A, van den Brink S, Lopez-Iglesias C, van de Wetering WJ, Balwierz A, Margaritis T, van de Wetering M, Peters PJ, Drost J, van Es JH, Clevers H. Unbiased transcription factor CRISPR screen identifies ZNF800 as master repressor of enteroendocrine differentiation. Science 2023; 382:451-458. [PMID: 37883554 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi2246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are hormone-producing cells residing in the epithelium of stomach, small intestine (SI), and colon. EECs regulate aspects of metabolic activity, including insulin levels, satiety, gastrointestinal secretion, and motility. The generation of different EEC lineages is not completely understood. In this work, we report a CRISPR knockout screen of the entire repertoire of transcription factors (TFs) in adult human SI organoids to identify dominant TFs controlling EEC differentiation. We discovered ZNF800 as a master repressor for endocrine lineage commitment, which particularly restricts enterochromaffin cell differentiation by directly controlling an endocrine TF network centered on PAX4. Thus, organoid models allow unbiased functional CRISPR screens for genes that program cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jeff DeMartino
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Daisong Wang
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gijs J F van Son
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Reinier van der Linden
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Harry Begthel
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Korving
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Amanda Andersson-Rolf
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Stieneke van den Brink
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Carmen Lopez-Iglesias
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Willine J van de Wetering
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Marc van de Wetering
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Peter J Peters
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jarno Drost
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan H van Es
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
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15
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He Y, DeBenedictis JN, Caiment F, van Breda SGJ, de Kok TMCM. Analysis of cell-specific transcriptional responses in human colon tissue using CIBERSORTx. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18281. [PMID: 37880448 PMCID: PMC10600214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45582-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet is an important determinant of overall health, and has been linked to the risk of various cancers. To understand the mechanisms involved, transcriptomic responses from human intervention studies are very informative. However, gene expression analysis of human biopsy material only represents the average profile of a mixture of cell types that can mask more subtle, but relevant cell-specific changes. Here, we use the CIBERSORTx algorithm to generate single-cell gene expression from human multicellular colon tissue. We applied the CIBERSORTx to microarray data from the PHYTOME study, which investigated the effects of different types of meat on transcriptional and biomarker changes relevant to colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. First, we used single-cell mRNA sequencing data from healthy colon tissue to generate a novel signature matrix in CIBERSORTx, then we determined the proportions and gene expression of each separate cell type. After comparison, cell proportion analysis showed a continuous upward trend in the abundance of goblet cells and stem cells, and a continuous downward trend in transit amplifying cells after the addition of phytochemicals in red meat products. The dietary intervention influenced the expression of genes involved in the growth and division of stem cells, the metabolism and detoxification of enterocytes, the translation and glycosylation of goblet cells, and the inflammatory response of innate lymphoid cells. These results show that our approach offers novel insights into the heterogeneous gene expression responses of different cell types in colon tissue during a dietary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqin He
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW - School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Julia Nicole DeBenedictis
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW - School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Caiment
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW - School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Simone G J van Breda
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW - School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Theo M C M de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW - School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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16
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Beharry KD, Latkowska M, Valencia AM, Allana A, Soto J, Cai CL, Golombek S, Hand I, Aranda JV. Factors Influencing Neonatal Gut Microbiome and Health with a Focus on Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2528. [PMID: 37894186 PMCID: PMC10608807 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Maturational changes in the gut start in utero and rapidly progress after birth, with some functions becoming fully developed several months or years post birth including the acquisition of a full gut microbiome, which is made up of trillions of bacteria of thousands of species. Many factors influence the normal development of the neonatal and infantile microbiome, resulting in dysbiosis, which is associated with various interventions used for neonatal morbidities and survival. Extremely low gestational age neonates (<28 weeks' gestation) frequently experience recurring arterial oxygen desaturations, or apneas, during the first few weeks of life. Apnea, or the cessation of breathing lasting 15-20 s or more, occurs due to immature respiratory control and is commonly associated with intermittent hypoxia (IH). Chronic IH induces oxygen radical diseases of the neonate, including necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), the most common and devastating gastrointestinal disease in preterm infants. NEC is associated with an immature intestinal structure and function and involves dysbiosis of the gut microbiome, inflammation, and necrosis of the intestinal mucosal layer. This review describes the factors that influence the neonatal gut microbiome and dysbiosis, which predispose preterm infants to NEC. Current and future management and therapies, including the avoidance of dysbiosis, the use of a human milk diet, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, restricted antibiotics, and fecal transplantation, for the prevention of NEC and the promotion of a healthy gut microbiome are also reviewed. Interventions directed at boosting endogenous and/or exogenous antioxidant supplementation may not only help with prevention, but may also lessen the severity or shorten the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay D. Beharry
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (M.L.); (C.L.C.); (S.G.); (J.V.A.)
| | - Magdalena Latkowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (M.L.); (C.L.C.); (S.G.); (J.V.A.)
| | - Arwin M. Valencia
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Saddleback Memorial Medical Center, Laguna Hills, CA 92653, USA;
| | - Ahreen Allana
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (A.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Jatnna Soto
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (A.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Charles L. Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (M.L.); (C.L.C.); (S.G.); (J.V.A.)
| | - Sergio Golombek
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (M.L.); (C.L.C.); (S.G.); (J.V.A.)
| | - Ivan Hand
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA;
| | - Jacob V. Aranda
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (M.L.); (C.L.C.); (S.G.); (J.V.A.)
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Cloutier G, Seltana A, Fallah S, Beaulieu JF. Integrin α7β1 represses intestinal absorptive cell differentiation. Exp Cell Res 2023; 430:113723. [PMID: 37499931 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cell differentiation is a highly controlled and orderly process occurring in the crypt so that cells migrating out to cover the villi are already fully functional. Absorptive cell precursors, which originate from the stem cell population located in the lower third of the crypt, are subject to several cycles of amplification in the transit amplifying (TA) zone, before reaching the terminal differentiation compartment located in the upper third. There is a large body of evidence that absorptive cell differentiation is halted in the TA zone through various epigenetic, transcriptional and intracellular signalling events or mechanisms allowing the transient expansion of this cell population but how these mechanisms are themself regulated remains obscure. One clue can be found in the epithelial cell-matrix microenvironment located all along the crypt-villus axis. Indeed, a previous study from our group revealed that α5-subunit containing laminins such as lamimin-511 and 512 inhibit early stages of differentiation in Caco-2/15 cells. Among potential receptors for laminin 511/512 is the integrin α7β1, which has previously been reported to be expressed in the human intestinal crypts and in early stages of Caco-2/15 cell differentiation. In this study, the effects of knocking down ITGA7 in Caco-2/15 cells were studied using shRNA and CRISPR/Cas9 strategies. Abolition of the α7 integrin subunit resulted in a significant increase in the level of differentiation and polarization markers as well as the morphological features of intestinal cells. Activities of focal adhesion kinase and Src kinase were both reduced in α7-knockdown cells while the three major intestinal pro-differentiation factors CDX2, HNFα1 and HNF4α were overexpressed. Two epigenetic events associated with intestinal differentiation, the reduction of tri-methylated lysine 27 on histone H3 and the increase of acetylation of histone H4 were also observed in α7-knockdown cells. On the other hand, the ablation of α7 had no effect on cell proliferation. In conclusion, these data indicate that integrin α7β1 acts as a major repressor of absorptive cell terminal differentiation in the Caco-2/15 cell model and suggest that the laminin-α7β1 integrin interaction occurring in the transit amplifying zone of the adult intestine is involved in the transient halting of absorptive cell terminal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Cloutier
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Amira Seltana
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Sepideh Fallah
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jean-François Beaulieu
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada.
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18
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Yu D, Dai Q, Wang Z, Hou SX, Sun LV. ARF1 maintains intestinal homeostasis by modulating gut microbiota and stem cell function. Life Sci 2023:121902. [PMID: 37392777 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The small GTPase protein ARF1 has been shown to be involved in the lipolysis pathway and to selectively kill stem cells in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the role of ARF1 in mammalian intestinal homeostasis remains elusive. This study aimed to explore the role of ARF1 in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and reveal the possible mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS IEC-specific ARF1 deletion mouse model was used to evaluate the role of ARF1 in intestine. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses were performed to detect specific cell type markers, and intestinal organoids were cultured to assess intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation and differentiation. Fluorescence in situ hybridization, 16S rRNA-Seq analysis, and antibiotic treatments were conducted to elucidate the role of gut microbes in ARF1-mediated intestinal function and the underlying mechanism. Colitis was induced in control and ARF1-deficient mice by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). RNA-seq was performed to elucidate the transcriptomic changes after ARF1 deletion. KEY FINDINGS ARF1 was essential for ISC proliferation and differentiation. Loss of ARF1 increased susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis and gut microbial dysbiosis. Gut microbiota depletion by antibiotics could rescue the intestinal abnormalities to a certain extent. Furthermore, RNA-Seq analysis revealed alterations in multiple metabolic pathways. SIGNIFICANCE This work is the first to elucidate the essential role of ARF1 in regulating gut homeostasis, and provides novel insights into the pathogenesis of intestinal diseases and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Yu
- China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Human Phenome Institute, Children's Hospital, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Liver Cancer Institute at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Quanhui Dai
- China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zixiang Wang
- China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Human Phenome Institute, Children's Hospital, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Liver Cancer Institute at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Steven X Hou
- China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Human Phenome Institute, Children's Hospital, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Liver Cancer Institute at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Ling V Sun
- China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Human Phenome Institute, Children's Hospital, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Liver Cancer Institute at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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19
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Jackson C, Kolba N, Tako E. Assessing the Interactions between Zinc and Vitamin A on Intestinal Functionality, Morphology, and the Microbiome In Vivo ( Gallus gallus). Nutrients 2023; 15:2754. [PMID: 37375657 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary deficiencies in zinc (Zn) and vitamin A (VA) are among the leading micronutrient deficiencies globally and previous research has proposed a notable interaction between Zn and VA physiological status. This study aimed to assess the effects of zinc and vitamin A (isolated and combined) on intestinal functionality and morphology, and the gut microbiome (Gallus gallus). The study included nine treatment groups (n~11)-no-injection (NI); H2O; 0.5% oil; normal zinc (40 mg/kg ZnSO4) (ZN); low zinc (20 mg/kg) (ZL); normal retinoid (1500 IU/kg retinyl palmitate) (RN); low retinoid (100 IU/kg) (RL); normal zinc and retinoid (40 mg/kg; 1500 IU/kg) (ZNRN); low zinc and retinoid (ZLRL) (20 mg/kg; 100 IU/kg). Samples were injected into the amniotic fluid of the fertile broiler eggs. Tissue samples were collected upon hatch to target biomarkers. ZLRL reduced ZIP4 gene expression and upregulated ZnT1 gene expression (p < 0.05). Duodenal surface area increased the greatest in RL compared to RN (p < 0.01), and ZLRL compared to ZNRN (p < 0.05). All nutrient treatments yielded shorter crypt depths (p < 0.01). Compared to the oil control, ZLRL and ZNRN reduced (p < 0.05) the cecal abundance of Bifidobacterium and Clostridium genera (p < 0.05). These results suggest a potentially improved intestinal epithelium proceeding with Zn and VA intra-amniotic administration. Intestinal functionality and gut bacteria were modulated. Further research should characterize long-term responses and the microbiome profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cydney Jackson
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Nikolai Kolba
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Elad Tako
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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20
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Feng S, Zhang C, Chen S, He R, Chao G, Zhang S. TLR5 Signaling in the Regulation of Intestinal Mucosal Immunity. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:2491-2501. [PMID: 37337514 PMCID: PMC10276996 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s407521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) is a pattern recognition receptor that specifically recognizes flagellin and consequently plays a crucial role in the control of intestinal homeostasis by activating innate and adaptive immune responses. TLR5 overexpression, on the other hand, might disrupt the intestinal mucosal barrier, which serves as the first line of defense against harmful microbes. The intestine symbiotic bacteria, mucous layer, intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), adherens junctions (such as tight junctions and peripheral membrane proteins), the intestinal mucosal immune system, and cytokines make up the intestinal mucosal barrier. Impaired barrier function has been linked to intestinal illnesses such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD is a persistent non-specific inflammatory illness of the digestive system with an unknown cause. It is now thought to be linked to infection, environment, genes, immune system, and the gut microbiota. The significance of immunological dysfunction in IBD has received more attention in recent years. The purpose of this paper is to explore TLR5's position in the intestinal mucosal barrier and its relevance to IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Feng
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruonan He
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanqun Chao
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Crossay E, Jullian V, Trinel M, Sagnat D, Hamel D, Groppi E, Rolland C, Stigliani JL, Mejia K, Cabanillas BJ, Alric L, Buscail E, El Kalamouni C, Mavingui P, Deraison C, Racaud-Sultan C, Fabre N. Daphnanes diterpenes from the latex of Hura crepitans L. and their PKCζ-dependent anti-proliferative activity on colorectal cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 90:117366. [PMID: 37329676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Hura crepitans L. (Euphorbiaceae) is a thorn-covered tree widespread in South America, Africa and Asia which produces an irritating milky latex containing numerous secondary metabolites, notably daphnane-type diterpenes known as Protein Kinase C activators. Fractionation of a dichloromethane extract of the latex led to the isolation of five new daphnane diterpenes (1-5), along with two known analogs (6-7) including huratoxin. Huratoxin (6) and 4',5'-epoxyhuratoxin (4) were found to exhibit significant and selective cell growth inhibition against colorectal cancer cell line Caco-2 and primary colorectal cancer cells cultured as colonoids. The underlying mechanism of 4 and 6 was further investigated revealing the involvement of PKCζ in the cytostatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Crossay
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France
| | | | - Manon Trinel
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France
| | - David Sagnat
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, France; Toulouse Organoids Platform, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, INSERM, Toulouse, France
| | - Dimitri Hamel
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, France; LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Emie Groppi
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France
| | - Corinne Rolland
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, France
| | | | - Kember Mejia
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana (IIAP), Iquitos, Peru
| | - Billy Joel Cabanillas
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
| | - Laurent Alric
- Pole Digestif, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Toulouse, France
| | - Etienne Buscail
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, France; Département de Chirurgie Digestive, Unité de Chirurgie Colorectale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Toulouse, France
| | - Chaker El Kalamouni
- UMR PIMIT, Université de La Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, La Réunion, France
| | - Patrick Mavingui
- UMR PIMIT, Université de La Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, La Réunion, France
| | - Céline Deraison
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, France
| | | | - Nicolas Fabre
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France.
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22
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Peng S, Shen L, Yu X, Zhang L, Xu K, Xia Y, Zha L, Wu J, Luo H. The role of Nrf2 in the pathogenesis and treatment of ulcerative colitis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1200111. [PMID: 37359553 PMCID: PMC10285877 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1200111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease involving mainly the colorectal mucosa and submucosa, the incidence of which has been on the rise in recent years. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), known for its key function as a transcription factor, is pivotal in inducing antioxidant stress and regulating inflammatory responses. Numerous investigations have demonstrated the involvement of the Nrf2 pathway in maintaining the development and normal function of the intestine, the development of UC, and UC-related intestinal fibrosis and carcinogenesis; meanwhile, therapeutic agents targeting the Nrf2 pathway have been widely investigated. This paper reviews the research progress of the Nrf2 signaling pathway in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Lanlan Zha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Hesheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Wuhan, China
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23
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Meng Y, Carrelha J, Drissen R, Ren X, Zhang B, Gambardella A, Valletta S, Thongjuea S, Jacobsen SE, Nerlov C. Epigenetic programming defines haematopoietic stem cell fate restriction. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:812-822. [PMID: 37127714 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are multipotent, but individual HSCs can show restricted lineage output in vivo. Currently, the molecular mechanisms and physiological role of HSC fate restriction remain unknown. Here we show that lymphoid fate is epigenetically but not transcriptionally primed in HSCs. In multi-lineage HSCs that produce lymphocytes, lymphoid-specific upstream regulatory elements (LymUREs) but not promoters are preferentially accessible compared with platelet-biased HSCs that do not produce lymphoid cell types, providing transcriptionally silent lymphoid lineage priming. Runx3 is preferentially expressed in multi-lineage HSCs, and reinstating Runx3 expression increases LymURE accessibility and lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitor 4 (MPP4) output in old, platelet-biased HSCs. In contrast, platelet-biased HSCs show elevated levels of epigenetic platelet-lineage priming and give rise to MPP2 progenitors with molecular platelet bias. These MPP2 progenitors generate platelets with faster kinetics and through a more direct cellular pathway compared with MPP2s derived from multi-lineage HSCs. Epigenetic programming therefore predicts both fate restriction and differentiation kinetics in HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Meng
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joana Carrelha
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Roy Drissen
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xiying Ren
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bowen Zhang
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adriana Gambardella
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simona Valletta
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Supat Thongjuea
- MRC WIMM Centre for Computational Biology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sten Eirik Jacobsen
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Wallenberg Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claus Nerlov
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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24
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Olivar-Villanueva M, Ren M, Schlame M, Phoon CK. The critical role of cardiolipin in metazoan differentiation, development, and maturation. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:691-712. [PMID: 36692477 PMCID: PMC10238668 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipins are phospholipids that are central to proper mitochondrial functioning. Because mitochondria play crucial roles in differentiation, development, and maturation, we would also expect cardiolipin to play major roles in these processes. Indeed, cardiolipin has been implicated in the mechanism of three human diseases that affect young infants, implying developmental abnormalities. In this review, we will: (1) Review the biology of cardiolipin; (2) Outline the evidence for essential roles of cardiolipin during organismal development, including embryogenesis and cell maturation in vertebrate organisms; (3) Place the role(s) of cardiolipin during embryogenesis within the larger context of the roles of mitochondria in development; and (4) Suggest avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mindong Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Schlame
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Colin K.L. Phoon
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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25
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Fang YX, Liu YQ, Hu YM, Yang YY, Zhang DJ, Jiang CH, Wang JH, Zhang J. Shaoyao decoction restores the mucus layer in mice with DSS-induced colitis by regulating Notch signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 308:116258. [PMID: 36806347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Restoring the mucus layer is a potential strategy for treating ulcerative colitis (UC). Previous studies reported that a Chinese medicine formula Shaoyao Decoction (SYD) effectively improved UC. However, the role and mechanism of SYD in restoring the mucus layer are still vague. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to research the therapeutical effects and unravel the involved mechanism of SYD on DSS-evoked UC. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, the constituents of SYD were detected by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Then, the DSS-induced UC model was introduced to investigate the pharmacologic action and molecular mechanism of SYD on UC. Pharmacodynamic indicators were assessed including body weight, colon length, ulcerations, disease activity index (DAI), inflammatory cytokines and histological parameters. To investigate the integrality and functions of the mucous layer, AB-PAS stain and UEA-1 stain were used to evaluate the completeness of mucous layer, as well as the maturation of goblet cells (GCs). The bacterial invasion was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. As to mechanism exploration, the expressions of Notch/Hes1 pathway were investigated by using agonists in lipopolysaccharides (LPS) -stimulated LS174T cell. RESULTS After modeling in mice, SYD remarkedly ameliorated the symptoms of mouse colitis, the expression of pro-inflammatory factors declined, and increased IL-10 expression was observed in SYD-treated mice. Besides, SYD repaired the structure of the mucus layer and prevented bacterial invasion. Mechanism investigation discovered that SYD promoted GCs differentiation by inhibiting the Notch pathway, which was consistent with the results in LPS-challenged LS174 cell. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated that SYD could restore the mucus layer to prevent UC via suppressing the Notch signaling pathway, which provided evidences for the UC treatment of SYD in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xi Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 211200, PR China; Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - You-Qian Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 211200, PR China
| | - Yi-Min Hu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Dong-Jian Zhang
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Cui-Hua Jiang
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 211200, PR China; Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China.
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26
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Prahl LS, Porter CM, Liu J, Viola JM, Hughes AJ. Independent control over cell patterning and adhesion on hydrogel substrates for tissue interface mechanobiology. iScience 2023; 26:106657. [PMID: 37168559 PMCID: PMC10164898 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue boundaries and interfaces are engines of morphogenesis in vivo. However, despite a wealth of micropatterning approaches available to control tissue size, shape, and mechanical environment in vitro, fine-scale spatial control of cell positioning within tissue constructs remains an engineering challenge. To address this, we augment DNA "velcro" technology for selective patterning of ssDNA-labeled cells on mechanically defined photoactive polyacrylamide hydrogels. Hydrogels bearing photopatterned single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) features for cell capture are then co-functionalized with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins to support subsequent adhesion of patterned tissues. ECM protein co-functionalization does not alter ssDNA pattern fidelity, cell capture, or hydrogel elastic stiffness. This approach enables mechanobiology studies and measurements of signaling activity at dynamic cell interfaces with precise initial patterning. Combining DNA velcro patterning and ECM functionalization provides independent control of initial cell placement, adhesion, and mechanics, constituting a new tool for studying biological interfaces and for programming multicellular interactions in engineered tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis S. Prahl
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Catherine M. Porter
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jiageng Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John M. Viola
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alex J. Hughes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Corresponding author
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27
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Liu Y, Yu Z, Zhu L, Ma S, Luo Y, Liang H, Liu Q, Chen J, Guli S, Chen X. Orchestration of MUC2 - The key regulatory target of gut barrier and homeostasis: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:123862. [PMID: 36870625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The gut mucosa of human is covered by mucus, functioning as a crucial defense line for the intestine against external stimuli and pathogens. Mucin2 (MUC2) is a subtype of secretory mucins generated by goblet cells and is the major macromolecular component of mucus. Currently, there is an increasing interest on the investigations of MUC2, noting that its function is far beyond a maintainer of the mucus barrier. Moreover, numerous gut diseases are associated with dysregulated MUC2 production. Appropriate production level of MUC2 and mucus contributes to gut barrier function and homeostasis. The production of MUC2 is regulated by a series of physiological processes, which are orchestrated by various bioactive molecules, signaling pathways and gut microbiota, etc., forming a complex regulatory network. Incorporating the latest findings, this review provided a comprehensive summary of MUC2, including its structure, significance and secretory process. Furthermore, we also summarized the molecular mechanisms of the regulation of MUC2 production aiming to provide developmental directions for future researches on MUC2, which can act as a potential prognostic indicator and targeted therapeutic manipulation for diseases. Collectively, we elucidated the micro-level mechanisms underlying MUC2-related phenotypes, hoping to offer some constructive guidance for intestinal and overall health of mankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zihan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Lanping Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Shuang Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Huixi Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Qinlingfei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jihua Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Sitan Guli
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China.
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28
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Complexification of In Vitro Models of Intestinal Barriers, A True Challenge for a More Accurate Alternative Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043595. [PMID: 36835003 PMCID: PMC9958734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of cell models is common to mimic cellular and molecular events in interaction with their environment. In the case of the gut, the existing models are of particular interest to evaluate food, toxicants, or drug effects on the mucosa. To have the most accurate model, cell diversity and the complexity of the interactions must be considered. Existing models range from single-cell cultures of absorptive cells to more complex combinations of two or more cell types. This work describes the existing solutions and the challenges that remain to be solved.
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29
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Guevara-Garcia A, Soleilhac M, Minc N, Delacour D. Regulation and functions of cell division in the intestinal tissue. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023:S1084-9521(23)00004-6. [PMID: 36702722 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, epithelial cells are key elements of tissue organization. In developing epithelial tissues, cellular proliferation and differentiation are under the tight regulation of morphogenetic programs to ensure correct organ formation and functioning. In these processes, proliferation rates and division orientation regulate the speed, timing and direction of tissue expansion but also its proper patterning. Moreover, tissue homeostasis relies on spatio-temporal modulations of daughter cell behavior and arrangement. These aspects are particularly crucial in the intestine, which is one of the most proliferative tissues in adults, making it a very attractive adult organ system to study the role of cell division on epithelial morphogenesis and organ function. Although epithelial cell division has been the subject of intense research for many years in multiple models, it still remains in its infancy in the context of the intestinal tissue. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge on cell division and regulatory mechanisms at play in the intestinal epithelial tissue, as well as their importance in developmental biology and physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matis Soleilhac
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Minc
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Delphine Delacour
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75006 Paris, France.
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Imajo M, Hirota A, Tanaka S. Generation of Fetal Intestinal Organoids and Their Maturation into Adult Intestinal Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2650:133-140. [PMID: 37310629 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3076-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
During embryonic development, the gut tube undergoes massive morphological changes from the simple tube structure composed of the pseudostratified epithelium into the mature intestinal tract composed of the columnar epithelium and characterized by the unique crypt-villus structures. In mice, maturation of fetal gut precursor cells into adult intestinal cells starts around embryonic day (E) 16.5, during which adult intestinal stem cells and their differentiated progenies are generated. In contrast to adult intestinal cells that form budding organoids containing both the crypt-like and villus-like regions, fetal intestinal cells can be cultured as simple spheroid-shaped organoids that show a uniform proliferation pattern. The fetal intestinal spheroids can undergo spontaneous maturation into adult budding organoids that contain intestinal stem cells and differentiated cells, including enterocytes, goblet, enteroendocrine, and Paneth cells, recapitulating intestinal cell maturation in vitro. Here, we provide detailed methods for establishment of fetal intestinal organoids and their differentiation into adult intestinal cells. These methods enable in vitro recapitulation of intestinal development and would be useful to reveal mechanisms that regulate the transition from fetal to adult intestinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Imajo
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Akira Hirota
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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31
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Dodd J, Jordan R, Makhlina M, Barnett K, Roffel A, Spana C, Obr A, Dhingra P, Kayne PS. A novel oral formulation of the melanocortin-1 receptor agonist PL8177 resolves inflammation in preclinical studies of inflammatory bowel disease and is gut restricted in rats, dogs, and humans. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1083333. [PMID: 36891301 PMCID: PMC9986545 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1083333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction PL8177 is a potent and selective agonist of the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R). PL8177 has shown efficacy in reversing intestinal inflammation in a cannulated rat ulcerative colitis model. To facilitate oral delivery, a novel, polymer-encapsulated formulation of PL8177 was developed. This formulation was tested in 2 rat ulcerative colitis models and evaluated for distribution, in vivo, in rats, dogs, and humans. Methods The rat models of colitis were induced by treatment with 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid or dextran sulfate sodium. Single nuclei RNA sequencing of colon tissues was performed to characterize the mechanism of action. The distribution and concentration of PL8177 and the main metabolite within the GI tract after a single oral dose of PL8177 was investigated in rats and dogs. A phase 0 clinical study using a single microdose (70 µg) of [14C]-labeled PL8177 investigated the release of PL8177 in the colon of healthy men after oral administration. Results Rats treated with 50 µg oral PL8177 demonstrated significantly lower macroscopic colon damage scores and improvement in colon weight, stool consistency, and fecal occult blood vs the vehicle without active drug. Histopathology analysis resulted in the maintenance of intact colon structure and barrier, reduced immune cell infiltration, and increased enterocytes with PL8177 treatment. Transcriptome data show that oral PL8177 50 µg treatment causes relative cell populations and key gene expressions levels to move closer to healthy controls. Compared with vehicle, treated colon samples show negative enrichment of immune marker genes and diverse immune-related pathways. In rats and dogs, orally administered PL8177 was detected at higher amounts in the colon vs upper GI tract. [14C]-PL8177 and the main metabolite were detected in the feces but not in the plasma and urine in humans. This suggests that the parent drug [14C]-PL8177 was released from the polymer formulation and metabolized within the GI tract, where it would be expected to exert its effect. Conclusion Collectively, these findings support further research into the oral formulation of PL8177 as a possible therapeutic for GI inflammatory diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Dodd
- Palatin Technologies, Inc., Cranbury, NJ, United States
| | - Robert Jordan
- Palatin Technologies, Inc., Cranbury, NJ, United States
| | | | - Keith Barnett
- Palatin Technologies, Inc., Cranbury, NJ, United States
| | - Ad Roffel
- Consulting & Advisory Services - Clinical Pharmacology, ICON plc, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Carl Spana
- Palatin Technologies, Inc., Cranbury, NJ, United States
| | - Alison Obr
- Palatin Technologies, Inc., Cranbury, NJ, United States
| | | | - Paul S Kayne
- Palatin Technologies, Inc., Cranbury, NJ, United States
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32
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Tang Q, Wang C, Jin G, li Y, Hou H, Wang X, Guo Q, Liu T, Wang S, Dai X, Wang B, Cao H. Early life dietary emulsifier exposure predisposes the offspring to obesity through gut microbiota-FXR axis. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Gustafsson JK, Johansson MEV. The role of goblet cells and mucus in intestinal homeostasis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:785-803. [PMID: 36097076 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00675-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal tract faces numerous challenges that require several layers of defence. The tight epithelium forms a physical barrier that is further protected by a mucus layer, which provides various site-specific protective functions. Mucus is produced by goblet cells, and as a result of single-cell RNA sequencing identifying novel goblet cell subpopulations, our understanding of their various contributions to intestinal homeostasis has improved. Goblet cells not only produce mucus but also are intimately linked to the immune system. Mucus and goblet cell development is tightly regulated during early life and synchronized with microbial colonization. Dysregulation of the developing mucus systems and goblet cells has been associated with infectious and inflammatory conditions and predisposition to chronic disease later in life. Dysfunctional mucus and altered goblet cell profiles are associated with inflammatory conditions in which some mucus system impairments precede inflammation, indicating a role in pathogenesis. In this Review, we present an overview of the current understanding of the role of goblet cells and the mucus layer in maintaining intestinal health during steady-state and how alterations to these systems contribute to inflammatory and infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny K Gustafsson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin E V Johansson
- Department of Medical Biochemisty and Cell biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Abstract
Diabetes represents one of the most significant, and rapidly escalating, global healthcare crises we face today. Diabetes already affects one-tenth of the world's adults-more than 537 million people, numbers that have tripled since 2000 and are estimated to reach 643 million by 2030. Type 2 diabetes (T2D), the most prevalent form, is a complex disease with numerous contributing factors, including genetics, epigenetics, diet, lifestyle, medication use, and socioeconomic factors. In addition, the gut microbiome has emerged as a significant potential contributing factor in T2D development and progression. Gut microbes and their metabolites strongly influence host metabolism and immune function, and are now known to contribute to vitamin biosynthesis, gut hormone production, satiety, maintenance of gut barrier integrity, and protection against pathogens, as well as digestion and nutrient absorption. In turn, gut microbes are influenced by diet and lifestyle factors such as alcohol and medication use, including antibiotic use and the consumption of probiotics and prebiotics. Here we review current evidence regarding changes in microbial populations in T2D and the mechanisms by which gut microbes influence glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, including inflammation, gut permeability, and bile acid production. We also explore the interrelationships between gut microbes and different T2D medications and other interventions, including prebiotics, probiotics, and bariatric surgery. Lastly, we explore the particular role of the small bowel in digestion and metabolism and the importance of studying small bowel microbes directly in our search to find metabolically relevant biomarkers and therapeutic targets for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian M Barlow
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ruchi Mathur
- Correspondence: Ruchi Mathur, MD, FRCPC, Director, Clinical Diabetes, Cedars-Sinai, 700 N San Vicente, Ste G271, West Hollywood, CA 90069, USA.
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35
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Gui MX, Huang B, Peng J, Chen X, Muthu R, Gao Y, Wang RG, Lin JM. Babao Dan Alleviates 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Intestinal Damage via Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Chin J Integr Med 2022; 28:1000-1006. [PMID: 33420580 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-021-3282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the protective function of Babao Dan (BBD) on 5-flurouracil (5-FU)-induced intestinal mucositis (IM) and uncover the underlying mechanism. METHODS A total of 18 male mice were randomly divided into 3 groups by a random number table, including control, 5-FU and 5-FU combined BBD groups, 6 mice in each group. A single intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU (150 mg/kg) was performed in 5-FU and 5-FU combined BBD groups on day 0. Mice in 5-FU combined BBD group were gavaged with BBD (250 mg/kg) daily from day 1 to 6. Mice in the control group were gavaged with saline solution for 6 days. The body weight and diarrhea index of mice were recorded daily. On the 7th day, the blood from the heart of mice was collected to analyze the proportional changes of immunological cells, and the mice were subsequently euthanized by mild anesthesia with 2% pentobarbital sodium. Colorectal lengths and villus heights were measured. Intestinal-cellular apoptosis and proliferation were evaluated by Tunel assay and immunohistochemical staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, respectively. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were performed to investigate the expressions of components in Wnt/β-catenin pathway (Wnt3, LRP5, β-catenin, c-Myc, LRG5 and CD44). RESULTS BBD obviously alleviated 5-FU-induced body weight loss and diarrhea, and reversed the decrease in the number of white blood cells, including monocyte, granulocyte and lymphocyte, and platelet (P<0.01). The shortening of colon caused by 5-FU was also reversed by BBD (P<0.01). Moreover, BBD inhibited apoptosis and promoted proliferation in jejunum tissues so as to reduce the intestinal mucosal damage and improve the integrity of villus and crypts. Mechanically, the expression levels of Wnt/β -catenin mediators such as Wnt3, LRP5, β-catenin were upregulated by BBD, activating the transcription of c-Myc, LRG5 and CD44 (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS BBD attenuates the adverse effects induced by 5-FU via Wnt/β-catenin pathway, suggesting it may act as a potential agent against chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xuan Gui
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team Support Force, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Ragunath Muthu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Rui-Guo Wang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Jiu-Mao Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
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36
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Stojanović O, Miguel-Aliaga I, Trajkovski M. Intestinal plasticity and metabolism as regulators of organismal energy homeostasis. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1444-1458. [PMID: 36396854 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00679-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The small intestine displays marked anatomical and functional plasticity that includes adaptive alterations in adult gut morphology, enteroendocrine cell profile and their hormone secretion, as well as nutrient utilization and storage. In this Perspective, we examine how shifts in dietary and environmental conditions bring about changes in gut size, and describe how the intestine adapts to changes in internal state, bowel resection and gastric bypass surgery. We highlight the critical importance of these intestinal remodelling processes in maintaining energy balance of the organism, and in protecting the metabolism of other organs. The intestinal resizing is supported by changes in the microbiota composition, and by activation of carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism, which govern the intestinal stem cell proliferation, intestinal cell fate, as well as survivability of differentiated epithelial cells. The discovery that intestinal remodelling is part of the normal physiological adaptation to various triggers, and the potential for harnessing the reversible gut plasticity, in our view, holds extraordinary promise for developing therapeutic approaches against metabolic and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozren Stojanović
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Irene Miguel-Aliaga
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK.
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Mirko Trajkovski
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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37
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Yao W, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Wen Y, Yang R, Dong J, Zhang X, Hua Y, Ji P, Wei Y. Pathological mechanism of intestinal mucosal barrier injury of large intestine dampness-heat syndrome rats and the protective effect of Yujin powder. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:485-496. [PMID: 36156378 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Large intestine dampness-heat syndrome (LIDHS) is frequently-occurring in the inflammatory intestinal disease of animals and human. Yujin powder (YJP) is a classical prescription for treating LIDHS. To explore the pathological mechanism of intestinal mucosal barrier injury of LIDHS and the protection of YJP, the LIDHS rat model was established through imitating the inducing conditions of LIDHS and treated with YJP. The integrity of ileal and colonic mucosa was detected through histopathological examination. The serum DAO, D-LA and ET levels were detected by ELISA. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Occludin, ZO-1 and MUC2 in ileum and colon were detected using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry methods, respectively. The results showed that the ileal and colonic epithelium of LIDHS rats were destroyed; the serum DAO, D-LA and ET levels were significantly increased; the mRNA and protein expression levels of Occludin, ZO-1 and MUC2 in ileum and colon were all abnormally expressed. After treatment with YJP, the mucosal integrity was restored; the levels of serum DAO, D-LA and ET, mRNA and protein levels of Occludin and ZO-1 in ileum and colon and MUC2 in ileum were back-regulated; however, MUC2 level in colon was further increased. The results demonstrated that the intestinal mucosal barrier was damaged in LIDHS rats and Occludin, ZO-1 and MUC2 were abnormally expressed, and YJP could repair the intestinal mucosal barrier through up-regulating the expression of Occludin and ZO-1 in ileum and colon as well as MUC2 in colon and down-regulating MUC2 in ileum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China
| | - Yahui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China
| | - Wangdong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China
| | - Yanqiao Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China
| | - Rong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China
| | - Jiaqi Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China
| | - Xiaosong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China
| | - Yongli Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China
| | - Peng Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China
| | - Yanming Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China.
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38
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Luo H, Li M, Wang F, Yang Y, Wang Q, Zhao Y, Du F, Chen Y, Shen J, Zhao Q, Zeng J, Wang S, Chen M, Li X, Li W, Sun Y, Gu L, Wen Q, Xiao Z, Wu X. The role of intestinal stem cell within gut homeostasis: Focusing on its interplay with gut microbiota and the regulating pathways. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:5185-5206. [PMID: 35982910 PMCID: PMC9379405 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.72600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) play an important role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis via promoting a healthy gut barrier. Within the stem cell niche, gut microbiota linking the crosstalk of dietary influence and host response has been identified as a key regulator of ISCs. Emerging insights from recent research reveal that ISC and gut microbiota interplay regulates epithelial self-renewal. This article reviews the recent knowledge on the key role of ISC in their local environment (stem cell niche) associating with gut microbiota and their metabolites as well as the signaling pathways. The current progress of intestinal organoid culture is further summarized. Subsequently, the key challenges and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yifei Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianyun Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiuping Zeng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanping Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuhong Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Gu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
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Du J, Sarkar R, Li Y, He L, Kang W, Liao W, Liu W, Nguyen T, Zhang L, Deng Z, Dougherty U, Kupfer SS, Chen M, Pekow J, Bissonnette M, He C, Li YC. N 6-adenomethylation of GsdmC is essential for Lgr5 + stem cell survival to maintain normal colonic epithelial morphogenesis. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1976-1994.e8. [PMID: 35917813 PMCID: PMC9398964 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Gut epithelial morphogenesis is maintained by intestinal stem cells. Here, we report that depletion of N6-adenosine methyltransferase subunit Mettl14 from gut epithelial cells in mice impaired colon mucosal morphogenesis, leading to increased mucosal permeability, severe inflammation, growth retardation, and premature death. Mettl14 ablation triggered apoptosis that depleted Lgr5+ stem cells and disrupted colonic organoid growth and differentiation, whereas the inhibition of apoptosis rescued Mettl14-deleted mice and organoids. Mettl14 depletion disrupted N6-adenomethylation on GsdmC transcripts and abolished GsdmC expression. Reconstitution of Mettl14-deleted organoids or mice with GSDMC rescued Lgr5 expression and prevented apoptosis and mouse premature death, whereas GSDMC silence eliminated LGR5 and triggered apoptosis in human colonic organoids and epithelial cells. Mechanistically, Mettl14 depletion eliminated mitochondrial GsdmC, disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential, and triggered cytochrome c release that activates the pro-apoptotic pathway. In conclusion, GsdmC N6-adenomethylation protects mitochondrial homeostasis and is essential for Lgr5+ cell survival to maintain normal colonic epithelial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Du
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Rajesh Sarkar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lei He
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wenjun Kang
- Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wang Liao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Cardiology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Clinical Research Institute, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Weicheng Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tivoli Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Linda Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zifeng Deng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Urszula Dougherty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sonia S Kupfer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mengjie Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joel Pekow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marc Bissonnette
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yan Chun Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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40
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Hu N, Zou L, Wang C, Song G. RUNX1T1 function in cell fate. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:369. [PMID: 35902872 PMCID: PMC9330642 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03074-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX1T1 (Runt-related transcription factor 1, translocated to 1), a myeloid translocation gene (MTG) family member, is usually investigated as part of the fusion protein RUNX1-RUNX1T1 for its role in acute myeloid leukemia. In the main, by recruiting histone deacetylases, RUNX1T1 negatively influences transcription, enabling it to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors. Moreover, the formation of blood vessels, neuronal differentiation, microglial activation following injury, and intestinal development all relate closely to the expression of RUNX1T1. Furthermore, through alternative splicing of RUNX1T1, short and long isoforms have been noted to mediate adipogenesis by balancing the differentiation and proliferation of adipocytes. In addition, RUNX1T1 plays wide-ranging and diverse roles in carcinoma as a biomarker, suppressor, or positive regulator of carcinogenesis, closely correlated to specific organs and dominant signaling pathways. The aim of this work was to investigate the structure of RUNX1T1, which contains four conserved nervy homolog domains, and to demonstrate crosstalk with the Notch signaling pathway. Moreover, we endeavored to illustrate the effects of RUNX1T1 on cell fate from multiple aspects, including its influence on hematopoiesis, neuronal differentiation, microglial activation, intestinal development, adipogenesis, angiogenesis, and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linqing Zou
- Department of Human Anatomy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqi Song
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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41
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Taatjes DJ, Roth J. In focus in HCB. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 158:1-4. [PMID: 35751678 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02125-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Taatjes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Jürgen Roth
- University of Zurich, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
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42
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Guilloteau E, Coll P, Lu Z, Djouina M, Cazaunau M, Waxin C, Bergé A, Caboche S, Gratien A, Al Marj E, Hot D, Dubuquoy L, Launay D, Vignal C, Lanone S, Body-Malapel M. Murine in utero exposure to simulated complex urban air pollution disturbs offspring gut maturation and microbiota during intestinal suckling-to-weaning transition in a sex-dependent manner. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:41. [PMID: 35706036 PMCID: PMC9199156 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00481-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging data indicate that prenatal exposure to air pollution may lead to higher susceptibility to several non-communicable diseases. Limited research has been conducted due to difficulties in modelling realistic air pollution exposure. In this study, pregnant mice were exposed from gestational day 10–17 to an atmosphere representative of a 2017 pollution event in Beijing, China. Intestinal homeostasis and microbiota were assessed in both male and female offspring during the suckling-to-weaning transition. Results Sex-specific differences were observed in progeny of gestationally-exposed mice. In utero exposed males exhibited decreased villus and crypt length, vacuolation abnormalities, and lower levels of tight junction protein ZO-1 in ileum. They showed an upregulation of absorptive cell markers and a downregulation of neonatal markers in colon. Cecum of in utero exposed male mice also presented a deeply unbalanced inflammatory pattern. By contrast, in utero exposed female mice displayed less severe intestinal alterations, but included dysregulated expression of Lgr5 in colon, Tjp1 in cecum, and Epcam, Car2 and Sis in ileum. Moreover, exposed female mice showed dysbiosis characterized by a decreased weighted UniFrac β-diversity index, a higher abundance of Bacteroidales and Coriobacteriales orders, and a reduced Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Conclusion Prenatal realistic modelling of an urban air pollution event induced sex-specific precocious alterations of structural and immune intestinal development in mice. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-022-00481-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Guilloteau
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Patrice Coll
- Université Paris Cité and Univ Paris Est Créteil, CNRS, LISA, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Zhuyi Lu
- Univ. Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Madjid Djouina
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Mathieu Cazaunau
- Univ. Paris Est Créteil and Université Paris Cité, CNRS, LISA, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Christophe Waxin
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Antonin Bergé
- Université Paris Cité and Univ Paris Est Créteil, CNRS, LISA, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Ségolène Caboche
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR2014-US41-PLBS-Plateformes Lilloises de Biologie & Santé, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Aline Gratien
- Université Paris Cité and Univ Paris Est Créteil, CNRS, LISA, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Elie Al Marj
- Université Paris Cité and Univ Paris Est Créteil, CNRS, LISA, 75013, Paris, France
| | - David Hot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR2014-US41-PLBS-Plateformes Lilloises de Biologie & Santé, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Laurent Dubuquoy
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, 59000, Lille, France
| | - David Launay
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Cécile Vignal
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Sophie Lanone
- Univ. Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Mathilde Body-Malapel
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, 59000, Lille, France.
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43
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Jacob JM, Di Carlo SE, Stzepourginski I, Lepelletier A, Ndiaye PD, Varet H, Legendre R, Kornobis E, Benabid A, Nigro G, Peduto L. PDGFRα-induced stromal maturation is required to restrain postnatal intestinal epithelial stemness and promote defense mechanisms. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:856-868.e5. [PMID: 35523143 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
After birth, the intestine undergoes major changes to shift from an immature proliferative state to a functional intestinal barrier. By combining inducible lineage tracing and transcriptomics in mouse models, we identify a prodifferentiation PDGFRαHigh intestinal stromal lineage originating from postnatal LTβR+ perivascular stromal progenitors. The genetic blockage of this lineage increased the intestinal stem cell pool while decreasing epithelial and immune maturation at weaning age, leading to reduced postnatal growth and dysregulated repair responses. Ablating PDGFRα in the LTBR stromal lineage demonstrates that PDGFRα has a major impact on the lineage fate and function, inducing a transcriptomic switch from prostemness genes, such as Rspo3 and Grem1, to prodifferentiation factors, including BMPs, retinoic acid, and laminins, and on spatial organization within the crypt-villus and repair responses. Our results show that the PDGFRα-induced transcriptomic switch in intestinal stromal cells is required in the first weeks after birth to coordinate postnatal intestinal maturation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Jacob
- Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Selene E Di Carlo
- Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Igor Stzepourginski
- Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Anthony Lepelletier
- Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Papa Diogop Ndiaye
- Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Varet
- Transcriptome and Epigenome Platform-Biomics Pole, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Rachel Legendre
- Transcriptome and Epigenome Platform-Biomics Pole, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Kornobis
- Transcriptome and Epigenome Platform-Biomics Pole, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Adam Benabid
- Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Nigro
- Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Peduto
- Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France.
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44
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Gürbüz M, Aktaç Ş. Understanding the role of vitamin A and its precursors in the immune system. NUTR CLIN METAB 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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45
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Xie X, Geng C, Li X, Liao J, Li Y, Guo Y, Wang C. Roles of gastrointestinal polypeptides in intestinal barrier regulation. Peptides 2022; 151:170753. [PMID: 35114316 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal barrier is a dynamic entity that is organized as a multilayer system and includes various intracellular and extracellular elements. The gut barrier functions in a coordinated manner to impede the passage of antigens, toxins, and microbiome components and simultaneously preserves the balanced development of the epithelial barrier and the immune system and the acquisition of tolerance to dietary antigens and intestinal pathogens.Numerous scientific studies have shown a significant association between gut barrier damage and gastrointestinal and extraintestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease and hepatic fibrosis. Various internal and external factors regulate the intestinal barrier. Gastrointestinal peptides originate from enteroendocrine cells in the luminal digestive tract and are critical gut barrier regulators. Recent studies have demonstrated that gastrointestinal peptides have a therapeutic effect on digestive tract diseases, enhancing epithelial barrier activity and restoring the gut barrier. This review demonstrates the roles and mechanisms of gastrointestinal polypeptides, especially somatostatin (SST) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), in intestinal barrier regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chong Geng
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Division of Digestive Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Liao
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanni Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaoyu Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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46
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DeSesso JM. Comparative anatomy, pre- and postnatal changes during the development and maturation of the small intestine: Life-stage influences on exposure. Birth Defects Res 2022; 114:449-466. [PMID: 35451574 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) system absorbs nutrients and xenobiotics, excretes waste, and performs immunologic and endocrine functions. The subdivisions of the mature gut and the complexity of their corrugated, absorptive luminal surfaces differ greatly among mammals. Regardless, the embryonic gut tube in all mammalian species arises when cephalocaudal folding incorporates the roof of the yolk sac into the embryo. The gut tube quickly lengthens and bulges into the umbilical cord. Upon reentry into the abdominal cavity, the gut tube begins to differentiate-a process that continues until well into the lactation period. Differentiation of the small intestine involves (1) increasing the absorptive surface area of the lumen; (2) establishing mechanisms to control the pH of luminal contents; (3) forming a hierarchical vascular system for distribution of absorbed nutrients; (4) developing a complex enteric nervous system to control motility; (5) providing a system for replenishment of cells; and (6) contributing to the immunity of the organism. Because the length of gestation varies among species typically used in safety tests and is much shorter than human gestation, the state of GI maturation at the time of parturition differs significantly. Differences in GI maturation can contribute to species differences in the rate and extent of absorption; these differences must be considered when designing and interpreting pharmacological/toxicological studies and extrapolating safety test results to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M DeSesso
- Health Sciences Center, Exponent, Inc, Alexandria, Virginia, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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47
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Lim HK, Hughes CO, Lim MJS, Li JJ, Rakshit M, Yeo C, Chng KR, Li A, Chan JSH, Ng KW, Leavesley DI, Smith BPC. Development of reconstructed intestinal micronucleus cytome (RICyt) assay in 3D human gut model for genotoxicity assessment of orally ingested substances. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:1455-1471. [PMID: 35226136 PMCID: PMC9013689 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The micronucleus (MN) assay is widely used as part of a battery of tests applied to evaluate the genotoxic potential of chemicals, including new food additives and novel food ingredients. Micronucleus assays typically utilise homogenous in vitro cell lines which poorly recapitulate the physiology, biochemistry and genomic events in the gut, the site of first contact for ingested materials. Here we have adapted and validated the MN endpoint assay protocol for use with complex 3D reconstructed intestinal microtissues; we have named this new protocol the reconstructed intestine micronucleus cytome (RICyt) assay. Our data suggest the commercial 3D microtissues replicate the physiological, biochemical and genomic responses of native human small intestine to exogenous compounds. Tissues were shown to maintain log-phase proliferation throughout the period of exposure and expressed low background MN. Analysis using the RICyt assay protocol revealed the presence of diverse cell types and nuclear anomalies (cytome) in addition to MN, indicating evidence for comprehensive DNA damage and mode(s) of cell death reported by the assay. The assay correctly identified and discriminated direct-acting clastogen, aneugen and clastogen requiring exogenous metabolic activation, and a non-genotoxic chemical. We are confident that the genotoxic response in the 3D microtissues more closely resembles the native tissues due to the inherent tissue architecture, surface area, barrier effects and tissue matrix interactions. This proof-of-concept study highlights the RICyt MN cytome assay in 3D reconstructed intestinal microtissues is a promising tool for applications in predictive toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Kheng Lim
- Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety (IFCS) Programme, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
- Future Ready Food Safety Hub (a Joint Initiative of A*STAR, SFA and NTU), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Christopher Owen Hughes
- Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety (IFCS) Programme, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michelle Jing Sin Lim
- Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety (IFCS) Programme, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia'En Jasmine Li
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Moumita Rakshit
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Calvin Yeo
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kern Rei Chng
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angela Li
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Kee Woei Ng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
| | - David Ian Leavesley
- Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety (IFCS) Programme, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Paul Chapman Smith
- Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety (IFCS) Programme, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Future Ready Food Safety Hub (a Joint Initiative of A*STAR, SFA and NTU), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
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48
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Barreto E Barreto L, Rattes IC, da Costa AV, Gama P. Paneth cells and their multiple functions. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:701-710. [PMID: 35032139 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The small intestine mucosa is lined by specialized cells that form the crypt-villus axis, which expands its surface. Among the six intestinal epithelial cell types, the Paneth cell is located at the base of the crypt, and it contains numerous granules in its cytoplasm, composed of antimicrobial peptides, such as defensins and lysozyme, and growth factors, such as EGF, TGF-alpha, and Wnt ligands. Together, these elements act in the defense against microorganisms, regulation of intestinal microbiota, maintenance, and regulation of stem cell identity. Pathologies that target Paneth cells can disturb such defense activity, but they also affect the maintenance of stem cell niche. In that way, Crohn's disease, necrotizing enterocolitis, and graft-versus-host disease promote a reduction of Paneth cell population, and consequently of secretion of their products into the lumen of the crypts, making the affected organism predisposed to infections and dysbiosis. Additionally, the emergence of new intestinal cells is also decreased. This review aims to address the main characteristics of Paneth cells, highlighting their multiple functions and the importance of their preservation to ensure bowel homeostasis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laylla Barreto E Barreto
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Isadora Campos Rattes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Vasques da Costa
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Gama
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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49
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Zeve D, Stas E, de Sousa Casal J, Mannam P, Qi W, Yin X, Dubois S, Shah MS, Syverson EP, Hafner S, Karp JM, Carlone DL, Ordovas-Montanes J, Breault DT. Robust differentiation of human enteroendocrine cells from intestinal stem cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:261. [PMID: 35017529 PMCID: PMC8752608 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27901-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteroendocrine (EE) cells are the most abundant hormone-producing cells in humans and are critical regulators of energy homeostasis and gastrointestinal function. Challenges in converting human intestinal stem cells (ISCs) into functional EE cells, ex vivo, have limited progress in elucidating their role in disease pathogenesis and in harnessing their therapeutic potential. To address this, we employed small molecule targeting of the endocannabinoid receptor signaling pathway, JNK, and FOXO1, known to mediate endodermal development and/or hormone production, together with directed differentiation of human ISCs from the duodenum and rectum. We observed marked induction of EE cell differentiation and gut-derived expression and secretion of SST, 5HT, GIP, CCK, GLP-1 and PYY upon treatment with various combinations of three small molecules: rimonabant, SP600125 and AS1842856. Robust differentiation strategies capable of driving human EE cell differentiation is a critical step towards understanding these essential cells and the development of cell-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zeve
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Eric Stas
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Joshua de Sousa Casal
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XProgram in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Prabhath Mannam
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Wanshu Qi
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Xiaolei Yin
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XCenter for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Present Address: Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sarah Dubois
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.416498.60000 0001 0021 3995School of Arts and Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Manasvi S. Shah
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Erin P. Syverson
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Sophie Hafner
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Karp
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XCenter for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.511171.2Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Diana L. Carlone
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.511171.2Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Jose Ordovas-Montanes
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XProgram in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA ,grid.511171.2Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - David T. Breault
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.511171.2Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
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Delalande JM, Nagy N, McCann CJ, Natarajan D, Cooper JE, Carreno G, Dora D, Campbell A, Laurent N, Kemos P, Thomas S, Alby C, Attié-Bitach T, Lyonnet S, Logan MP, Goldstein AM, Davey MG, Hofstra RMW, Thapar N, Burns AJ. TALPID3/KIAA0586 Regulates Multiple Aspects of Neuromuscular Patterning During Gastrointestinal Development in Animal Models and Human. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:757646. [PMID: 35002618 PMCID: PMC8733242 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.757646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
TALPID3/KIAA0586 is an evolutionary conserved protein, which plays an essential role in protein trafficking. Its role during gastrointestinal (GI) and enteric nervous system (ENS) development has not been studied previously. Here, we analyzed chicken, mouse and human embryonic GI tissues with TALPID3 mutations. The GI tract of TALPID3 chicken embryos was shortened and malformed. Histologically, the gut smooth muscle was mispatterned and enteric neural crest cells were scattered throughout the gut wall. Analysis of the Hedgehog pathway and gut extracellular matrix provided causative reasons for these defects. Interestingly, chicken intra-species grafting experiments and a conditional knockout mouse model showed that ENS formation did not require TALPID3, but was dependent on correct environmental cues. Surprisingly, the lack of TALPID3 in enteric neural crest cells (ENCC) affected smooth muscle and epithelial development in a non-cell-autonomous manner. Analysis of human gut fetal tissues with a KIAA0586 mutation showed strikingly similar findings compared to the animal models demonstrating conservation of TALPID3 and its necessary role in human GI tract development and patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Marie Delalande
- Centre for Immunobiology, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nandor Nagy
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Conor J McCann
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dipa Natarajan
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julie E Cooper
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Program, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriela Carreno
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Program, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Dora
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alison Campbell
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Nicole Laurent
- Génétique et Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Dijon, France
| | - Polychronis Kemos
- Centre for Immunobiology, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Thomas
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, INSERM UMR 1163 Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Alby
- Department of Genetics, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Tania Attié-Bitach
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, INSERM UMR 1163 Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Department of Genetics, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.,Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, INSERM UMR 1163 Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Department of Genetics, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.,Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Malcolm P Logan
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Allan M Goldstein
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Megan G Davey
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Robert M W Hofstra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nikhil Thapar
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alan J Burns
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Department of Gastroenterology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Gastrointestinal Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
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