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Peng X, Yang Y, Hou R, Zhang L, Shen C, Yang X, Luo Z, Yin Z, Cao Y. MTCH2 in Metabolic Diseases, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Cancers, Embryonic Development and Reproduction. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:2203-2213. [PMID: 38882047 PMCID: PMC11180440 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s460448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 (MTCH2) is a member of the solute carrier 25 family, located on the outer mitochondrial membrane. MTCH2 was first identified in 2000. The development in MTCH2 research is rapidly increasing. The most well-known role of MTCH2 is linking to the pro-apoptosis BID to facilitate mitochondrial apoptosis. Genetic variants in MTCH2 have been investigated for their association with metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases, however, no intervention or therapeutic suggestions were provided. Recent studies revealed the physiological and pathological function of MTCH2 in metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, embryonic development and reproduction via regulating mitochondrial apoptosis, metabolic shift between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial fusion/fission, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, etc. This review endeavors to assess a total of 131 published articles to summarise the structure and physiological/pathological role of MTCH2, which has not previously been conducted. This review concludes that MTCH2 plays a crucial role in metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, embryonic development and reproduction, and the predominant molecular mechanism is regulation of mitochondrial function. This review gives a comprehensive state of current knowledgement on MTCH2, which will promote the therapeutic research of MTCH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- The Key National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- The Key National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruirui Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longbiao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Can Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongzhi Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- The Key National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunxia Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- The Key National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, People’s Republic of China
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Zheng X, Chu B. The biology of mitochondrial carrier homolog 2. Mitochondrion 2024; 75:101837. [PMID: 38158152 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.101837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The mitochondrial carrier system is in charge of small molecule transport between the mitochondria and the cytoplasm as well as being an integral portion of the core mitochondrial function. One member of the mitochondrial carrier family of proteins, mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 (MTCH2), is characterized as a critical mitochondrial outer membrane protein insertase participating in mitochondrial homeostasis. Accumulating evidence demonstrate that MTCH2 is integrally linked to cell death and mitochondrial metabolism, and its genetic alterations cause a variety of disease phenotypes, ranging from obesity, Alzheimer's disease, and tumor. To provide a comprehensive insight into the current understanding of MTCH2, we present a detailed description of the physiopathological functions of MTCH2, ranging from apoptosis, mitochondrial dynamics, and metabolic homeostasis regulation. Moreover, we summarized the impact of MTCH2 in human diseases, and highlighted tumors, to assess the role of MTCH2 mutations or variable expression on pathogenesis and target therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohe Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai 317000, China
| | - Binxiang Chu
- Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai 317000, China.
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González C, Martínez‐Sánchez L, Clemente P, Toivonen JM, Arredondo JJ, Fernández‐Moreno MÁ, Carrodeguas JA. Dysfunction of Drosophila mitochondrial carrier homolog (Mtch) alters apoptosis and disturbs development. FEBS Open Bio 2024; 14:276-289. [PMID: 38013241 PMCID: PMC10839352 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial carrier homologs 1 (MTCH1) and 2 (MTCH2) are orphan members of the mitochondrial transporter family SLC25. Human MTCH1 is also known as presenilin 1-associated protein, PSAP. MTCH2 is a receptor for tBid and is related to lipid metabolism. Both proteins have been recently described as protein insertases of the outer mitochondrial membrane. We have depleted Mtch in Drosophila and show here that mutant flies are unable to complete development, showing an excess of apoptosis during pupation; this observation was confirmed by RNAi in Schneider cells. These findings are contrary to what has been described in humans. We discuss the implications in view of recent reports concerning the function of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina González
- Departamento de Bioquímica & Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”The Autonomous University of Madrid‐Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasSpain
| | - Lidia Martínez‐Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica & Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”The Autonomous University of Madrid‐Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasSpain
| | - Paula Clemente
- Departamento de Bioquímica & Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”The Autonomous University of Madrid‐Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasSpain
| | - Janne Markus Toivonen
- LAGENBIO, Departamento de Anatomía, Embriología y Genética Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2)Universidad de ZaragozaSpain
- IIS AragónZaragozaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
| | - Juan José Arredondo
- Departamento de Bioquímica & Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”The Autonomous University of Madrid‐Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasSpain
| | - Miguel Ángel Fernández‐Moreno
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)Facultad de Medicina, UAMMadridSpain
- Departamento de Bioquímica & Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols‐MorrealeThe Autonomous University of Madrid‐Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMadridSpain
| | - José Alberto Carrodeguas
- IIS AragónZaragozaSpain
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI)University of ZaragozaSpain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of SciencesUniversity of ZaragozaSpain
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Goldman A, Mullokandov M, Zaltsman Y, Regev L, Levin-Zaidman S, Gross A. MTCH2 cooperates with MFN2 and lysophosphatidic acid synthesis to sustain mitochondrial fusion. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:45-67. [PMID: 38177900 PMCID: PMC10897490 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusion of the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) is regulated by mitofusin 1 (MFN1) and 2 (MFN2), yet the differential contribution of each of these proteins is less understood. Mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 (MTCH2) also plays a role in mitochondrial fusion, but its exact function remains unresolved. MTCH2 overexpression enforces MFN2-independent mitochondrial fusion, proposedly by modulating the phospholipid lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), which is synthesized by glycerol-phosphate acyl transferases (GPATs) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the OMM. Here we report that MTCH2 requires MFN1 to enforce mitochondrial fusion and that fragmentation caused by loss of MTCH2 can be specifically counterbalanced by overexpression of MFN2 but not MFN1, partially independent of its GTPase activity and mitochondrial localization. Pharmacological inhibition of GPATs (GPATi) or silencing ER-resident GPATs suppresses MFN2's ability to compensate for the loss of MTCH2. Loss of either MTCH2, MFN2, or GPATi does not impair stress-induced mitochondrial fusion, whereas the combined loss of MTCH2 and GPATi or the combined loss of MTCH2 and MFN2 does. Taken together, we unmask two cooperative mechanisms that sustain mitochondrial fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Goldman
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Michael Mullokandov
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yehudit Zaltsman
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Limor Regev
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Smadar Levin-Zaidman
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Atan Gross
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Li R, He H, He X. APOC1 promotes the progression of osteosarcoma by binding to MTCH2. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:163. [PMID: 36911382 PMCID: PMC9996334 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most prevalent primary malignant bone cancer worldwide. Apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) and mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 (MTCH2) have been identified to be upregulated during the oncogenesis and metastasis of osteosarcoma. The aim of the present study was to explore the role of APOC1 in osteosarcoma progression and the mechanisms associated with MTCH2. APOC1 and MTCH2 expression in osteosarcoma cells was assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. Then, APOC1 was silenced to detect its effect on cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis using Cell Counting Kit-8, a colony formation assay and TUNEL staining, respectively. Transwell and wound healing assays were used to evaluate cell invasion and migration. The interaction between APOC1 and MTCH2 as predicted by the Biological General Repository for Interaction Datasets and the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins databases was verified by co-immunoprecipitation assay. Subsequently, rescue experiments were performed to analyze the regulatory effects of APOC1 on MTCH2 in the biological behavior and Warburg effect of osteosarcoma cells. Significantly upregulated APOC1 and MTCH2 expression was found in osteosarcoma SAOS-2 cells. APOC1 silencing attenuated cell viability, inhibited proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis, coupled with the decreased Bcl-2 expression and increased Bax and cleaved-caspase 3 expression. The invasive and migratory capacities of SAOS-2 cells were also suppressed following APOC1 knockdown. Moreover, APOC1 was confirmed to interact with MTCH2 in osteosarcoma cells. MTCH2 upregulation inhibited the impacts of APOC1 deletion on the malignant behavior of osteosarcoma cells. APOC1 silencing-induced oxidative phosphorylation elevation and Warburg effect decrease were partially restored by MTCH2 upregulation. In sum, APOC1 promoted progression of osteosarcoma by binding to MTCH2, suggesting that targeting the APOC1/MTCH2 axis may be a potential treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Li
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Huixian He
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xinxin He
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
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Labbé K, Mookerjee S, Le Vasseur M, Gibbs E, Lerner C, Nunnari J. The modified mitochondrial outer membrane carrier MTCH2 links mitochondrial fusion to lipogenesis. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e202103122. [PMID: 34586346 PMCID: PMC8496048 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202103122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial function is integrated with cellular status through the regulation of opposing mitochondrial fusion and division events. Here we uncover a link between mitochondrial dynamics and lipid metabolism by examining the cellular role of mitochondrial carrier homologue 2 (MTCH2). MTCH2 is a modified outer mitochondrial membrane carrier protein implicated in intrinsic cell death and in the in vivo regulation of fatty acid metabolism. Our data indicate that MTCH2 is a selective effector of starvation-induced mitochondrial hyperfusion, a cytoprotective response to nutrient deprivation. We find that MTCH2 stimulates mitochondrial fusion in a manner dependent on the bioactive lipogenesis intermediate lysophosphatidic acid. We propose that MTCH2 monitors flux through the lipogenesis pathway and transmits this information to the mitochondrial fusion machinery to promote mitochondrial elongation, enhanced energy production, and cellular survival under homeostatic and starvation conditions. These findings will help resolve the roles of MTCH2 and mitochondria in tissue-specific lipid metabolism in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Labbé
- The Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Shona Mookerjee
- Touro University California, College of Pharmacy, Vallejo, CA
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA
| | - Maxence Le Vasseur
- The Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Eddy Gibbs
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA
| | - Chad Lerner
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA
| | - Jodi Nunnari
- The Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
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Kunji ERS, King MS, Ruprecht JJ, Thangaratnarajah C. The SLC25 Carrier Family: Important Transport Proteins in Mitochondrial Physiology and Pathology. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 35:302-327. [PMID: 32783608 PMCID: PMC7611780 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00009.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the mitochondrial carrier family (SLC25) transport a variety of compounds across the inner membrane of mitochondria. These transport steps provide building blocks for the cell and link the pathways of the mitochondrial matrix and cytosol. An increasing number of diseases and pathologies has been associated with their dysfunction. In this review, the molecular basis of these diseases is explained based on our current understanding of their transport mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund R S Kunji
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Martin S King
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan J Ruprecht
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chancievan Thangaratnarajah
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Membrane Enzymology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Chen G, Mo S, Yuan D. Upregulation Mitochondrial Carrier 1 (MTCH1) Is Associated with Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration of Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9911784. [PMID: 34195286 PMCID: PMC8203356 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9911784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Among the primary causes of cancer-associated death in the world, liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) ranks the third. LIHC is defined as the sixth most frequently diagnosed carcinoma. The gene mitochondrial carrier 1 (MTCH1) is a protein-coding gene. Recent research suggests that MTCH1 may be associated with some diseases. Here, our study attempts to explore the role and implication of MTCH1 in LIHC. Kaplan Meier Plotter and GEPIA (Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis) databases were employed to determine the expression of MTCH1 and its correlation with prognostic status in LIHC patients. For the first time, our results suggested that MTCH1 was aberrantly expressed in human pan-cancer and highly expressed in LIHC. Its high expression was closely associated with metastasis of tumor, stage of cancer, and poor survival of patients. Then, through enrichment analysis, MTCH1 was found to be closely related to RNA splicing in LIHC. Subsequently, we conducted a series of functional experiments. PCR data showed that LIHC cell lines and samples are highly expressed MTCH1. CCK-8 (Cell Counting Kit-8) assays and Transwell assays indicated that silencing MTCH1 certainly suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. These findings shed the clue that MTCH1 could be regarded as the potential prognosis biomarker of LIHC and a promising therapeutic target for LIHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shanshan Mo
- Pharmacy Department of Heilongjiang Sailors General Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Di Yuan
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Yuan Q, Yang W, Zhang S, Li T, Zuo M, Zhou X, Li J, Li M, Xia X, Chen M, Liu Y. Inhibition of mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 (MTCH2) suppresses tumor invasion and enhances sensitivity to temozolomide in malignant glioma. Mol Med 2021; 27:7. [PMID: 33509092 PMCID: PMC7842075 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant glioma exerts a metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOs) to aerobic glycolysis, with suppressed mitochondrial functions. This phenomenon offers a proliferation advantage to tumor cells and decrease mitochondria-dependent cell death. However, the underlying mechanism for mitochondrial dysfunction in glioma is not well elucidated. MTCH2 is a mitochondrial outer membrane protein that regulates mitochondrial metabolism and related cell death. This study aims to clarify the role of MTCH2 in glioma. Methods Bioinformatic analysis from TCGA and CGGA databases were used to investigate the association of MTCH2 with glioma malignancy and clinical significance. The expression of MTCH2 was verified from clinical specimens using real-time PCR and western blots in our cohorts. siRNA-mediated MTCH2 knockdown were used to assess the biological functions of MTCH2 in glioma progression, including cell invasion and temozolomide-induced cell death. Biochemical investigations of mitochondrial and cellular signaling alternations were performed to detect the mechanism by which MTCH2 regulates glioma malignancy. Results Bioinformatic data from public database and our cohort showed that MTCH2 expression was closely associated with glioma malignancy and poor patient survival. Silencing of MTCH2 expression impaired cell migration/invasion and enhanced temozolomide sensitivity of human glioma cells. Mechanistically, MTCH2 knockdown may increase mitochondrial OXPHOs and thus oxidative damage, decreased migration/invasion pathways, and repressed pro-survival AKT signaling. Conclusion Our work establishes the relationship between MTCH2 expression and glioma malignancy, and provides a potential target for future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanchun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingrong Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingwang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Mao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiang Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Mina Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Characterization of In Vivo Function(s) of Members of the Plant Mitochondrial Carrier Family. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091226. [PMID: 32846873 PMCID: PMC7565455 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although structurally related, mitochondrial carrier family (MCF) proteins catalyze the specific transport of a range of diverse substrates including nucleotides, amino acids, dicarboxylates, tricarboxylates, cofactors, vitamins, phosphate and H+. Despite their name, they do not, however, always localize to the mitochondria, with plasma membrane, peroxisomal, chloroplast and thylakoid and endoplasmic reticulum localizations also being reported. The existence of plastid-specific MCF proteins is suggestive that the evolution of these proteins occurred after the separation of the green lineage. That said, plant-specific MCF proteins are not all plastid-localized, with members also situated at the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane. While by no means yet comprehensive, the in vivo function of a wide range of these transporters is carried out here, and we discuss the employment of genetic variants of the MCF as a means to provide insight into their in vivo function complementary to that obtained from studies following their reconstitution into liposomes.
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Turky A, Bayoumi AH, Sherbiny FF, El-Adl K, Abulkhair HS. Unravelling the anticancer potency of 1,2,4-triazole-N-arylamide hybrids through inhibition of STAT3: synthesis and in silico mechanistic studies. Mol Divers 2020; 25:403-420. [PMID: 32830299 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10131-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of potent STAT3 inhibitors has gained noteworthy impetus in the last decade. In line with this trend, considering the proven biological importance of 1,2,4-triazoles, herein, we are reporting the design, synthesis, pharmacokinetic profiles, and in vitro anticancer activity of novel C3-linked 1,2,4-triazole-N-arylamide hybrids and their in silico proposed mechanism of action via inhibition of STAT3. The 1,2,4-triazole scaffold was selected as a privilege ring system that is embedded in core structures of a variety of anticancer drugs which are either in clinical use or still under clinical trials. The designed 1,2,4-triazole derivatives were synthesized by linking the triazole-thione moiety through amide hydrophilic linkers with diverse lipophilic fragments. In silico study to predict cytotoxicity of the new hybrids against different kinds of human cancer cell lines as well as the non-tumor cells was conducted. The multidrug-resistant human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MDA-MB-231) was found most susceptible to the cytotoxic effect of synthesized compounds and hence were selected to evaluate the in vitro anticancer activity. Four of the designed derivatives showed promising cytotoxicity effects against selected cancer cells, among which compound 12 showed the highest potency (IC50 = 3.61 µM), followed by 21 which displayed IC50 value of 3.93 µM. Also, compounds 14 and 23 revealed equipotent activity with the reference cytotoxic agent doxorubicin. To reinforce these observations, the obtained data of in vitro cytotoxicity have been validated in terms of ligand-protein interaction and new compounds were analyzed for ADMET properties to evaluate their potential to build up as good drug candidates. This study led us to identify two novel C3-linked 1,2,4-triazole-N-arylamide hybrids of interesting antiproliferative potentials as probable lead inhibitors of STAT3 with promising pharmacokinetic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Turky
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Ashraf H Bayoumi
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Farag F Sherbiny
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th October City, Egypt
| | - Khaled El-Adl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hamada S Abulkhair
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University - Egypt, International Costal Road, New Damietta, Egypt.
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12
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Fernie AR, Cavalcanti JHF, Nunes-Nesi A. Metabolic Roles of Plant Mitochondrial Carriers. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1013. [PMID: 32650612 PMCID: PMC7408384 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial carriers (MC) are a large family (MCF) of inner membrane transporters displaying diverse, yet often redundant, substrate specificities, as well as differing spatio-temporal patterns of expression; there are even increasing examples of non-mitochondrial subcellular localization. The number of these six trans-membrane domain proteins in sequenced plant genomes ranges from 39 to 141, rendering the size of plant families larger than that found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and comparable with Homo sapiens. Indeed, comparison of plant MCs with those from these better characterized species has been highly informative. Here, we review the most recent comprehensive studies of plant MCFs, incorporating the torrent of genomic data emanating from next-generation sequencing techniques. As such we present a more current prediction of the substrate specificities of these carriers as well as review the continuing quest to biochemically characterize this feature of the carriers. Taken together, these data provide an important resource to guide direct genetic studies aimed at addressing the relevance of these vital carrier proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Instiute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Postdam-Golm, Germany
| | - João Henrique F. Cavalcanti
- Instituto de Educação, Agricultura e Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Humaitá 69800-000, Amazonas, Brazil;
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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13
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A widespread role for SLC transmembrane transporters in resistance to cytotoxic drugs. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:469-478. [PMID: 32152546 PMCID: PMC7610918 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-0483-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Solute Carriers (SLCs) represent the largest family of transmembrane transporters in humans and constitute major determinants of cellular metabolism. Several SLCs have been shown to be required for the uptake of chemical compounds into cellular systems, but systematic surveys of transporter-drug relationships in human cells are currently lacking. We performed a series of genetic screens in a haploid human cell line against 60 cytotoxic compounds representative of the chemical space populated by approved drugs. By using an SLC-focused CRISPR/Cas9 library, we identified transporters whose absence induced resistance to the drugs tested. This included dependencies involving the transporters SLC11A2/SLC16A1 for artemisinin derivatives and SLC35A2/SLC38A5 for cisplatin. The functional dependence on SLCs observed for a significant proportion of the compounds screened suggests a widespread role for SLCs in the uptake and cellular activity of cytotoxic drugs and provides an experimentally validated set of SLC-drug associations for a number of clinically relevant compounds.
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14
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The SLC25 Mitochondrial Carrier Family: Structure and Mechanism. Trends Biochem Sci 2019; 45:244-258. [PMID: 31787485 PMCID: PMC7611774 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Members of the mitochondrial carrier family (SLC25) provide the transport steps for amino acids, carboxylic acids, fatty acids, cofactors, inorganic ions, and nucleotides across the mitochondrial inner membrane and are crucial for many cellular processes. Here, we use new insights into the transport mechanism of the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier to examine the structure and function of other mitochondrial carriers. They all have a single substrate-binding site and two gates, which are present on either side of the membrane and involve salt-bridge networks. Transport is likely to occur by a common mechanism, in which the coordinated movement of six structural elements leads to the alternating opening and closing of the matrix or cytoplasmic side of the carriers.
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15
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Ferrández-Roldán A, Martí-Solans J, Cañestro C, Albalat R. Oikopleura dioica: An Emergent Chordate Model to Study the Impact of Gene Loss on the Evolution of the Mechanisms of Development. Results Probl Cell Differ 2019; 68:63-105. [PMID: 31598853 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23459-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The urochordate Oikopleura dioica is emerging as a nonclassical animal model in the field of evolutionary developmental biology (a.k.a. evo-devo) especially attractive for investigating the impact of gene loss on the evolution of mechanisms of development. This is because this organism fulfills the requirements of an animal model (i.e., has a simple and accessible morphology, a short generation time and life span, and affordable culture in the laboratory and amenable experimental manipulation), but also because O. dioica occupies a key phylogenetic position to understand the diversification and origin of our own phylum, the chordates. During its evolution, O. dioica genome has suffered a drastic process of compaction, becoming the smallest known chordate genome, a process that has been accompanied by exacerbating amount of gene losses. Interestingly, however, despite the extensive gene losses, including entire regulatory pathways essential for the embryonic development of other chordates, O. dioica retains the typical chordate body plan. This unexpected situation led to the formulation of the so-called inverse paradox of evo-devo, that is, when a genetic diversity is able to maintain a phenotypic unity. This chapter reviews the biological features of O. dioica as a model animal, along with the current data on the evolution of its genes and genome. We pay special attention to the numerous examples of gene losses that have taken place during the evolution of this unique animal model, which is helping us to understand to which the limits of evo-devo can be pushed off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Ferrández-Roldán
- Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Martí-Solans
- Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cristian Cañestro
- Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ricard Albalat
- Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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16
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Abrams AJ, Fontanesi F, Tan NBL, Buglo E, Campeanu IJ, Rebelo AP, Kornberg AJ, Phelan DG, Stark Z, Zuchner S. Insights into the genotype-phenotype correlation and molecular function of SLC25A46. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:1995-2007. [PMID: 30178502 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recessive SLC25A46 mutations cause a spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders with optic atrophy as a core feature. We report a patient with optic atrophy, peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, but not cerebellar atrophy, who is on the mildest end of the phenotypic spectrum. By studying seven different nontruncating mutations, we found that the stability of the SLC25A46 protein inversely correlates with the severity of the disease and the patient's variant does not markedly destabilize the protein. SLC25A46 belongs to the mitochondrial transporter family, but it is not known to have transport function. Apart from this possible function, SLC25A46 forms molecular complexes with proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics and cristae remodeling. We demonstrate that the patient's mutation directly affects the SLC25A46 interaction with MIC60. Furthermore, we mapped all of the reported substitutions in the protein onto a 3D model and found that half of them fall outside of the signature carrier motifs associated with transport function. We thus suggest that there are two distinct molecular mechanisms in SLC25A46-associated pathogenesis, one that destabilizes the protein while the other alters the molecular interactions of the protein. These results have the potential to inform clinical prognosis of such patients and indicate a pathway to drug target development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Abrams
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Flavia Fontanesi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Natalie B L Tan
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elena Buglo
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ion J Campeanu
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Adriana P Rebelo
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Andrew J Kornberg
- Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dean G Phelan
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zornitza Stark
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephan Zuchner
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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17
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Rottiers V, Francisco A, Platov M, Zaltsman Y, Ruggiero A, Lee SS, Gross A, Libert S. MTCH2 is a conserved regulator of lipid homeostasis. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:616-625. [PMID: 28127879 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE More than one-third of U.S. adults have obesity, causing an alarming increase in obesity-related comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes. The functional role of mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 (MTCH2), a human obesity-associated gene, in lipid homeostasis was investigated in Caenorhabditis elegans, cell culture, and mice. METHODS In C. elegans, MTCH2/MTCH-1 was depleted, using RNAi and a genetic mutant, and overexpressed to assess its effect on lipid accumulation. In cells and mice, shRNAs against MTCH2 were used for knockdown and MTCH2 overexpression vectors were used for overexpression to study the role of this gene in fat accumulation. RESULTS MTCH2 knockdown reduced lipid accumulation in adipocyte-like cells in vitro and in C. elegans and mice in vivo. MTCH2 overexpression increased fat accumulation in cell culture, C. elegans, and mice. Acute MTCH2 inhibition reduced fat accumulation in animals subjected to a high-fat diet. Finally, MTCH2 influenced estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) activity. CONCLUSIONS MTCH2 is a conserved regulator of lipid homeostasis. MTCH2 was found to be both required and sufficient for lipid homeostasis shifts, suggesting that pharmacological inhibition of MTCH2 could be therapeutic for treatment of obesity and related disorders. MTCH2 could influence lipid homeostasis through inhibition of ESR1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Rottiers
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Adam Francisco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Michael Platov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Yehudit Zaltsman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Antonella Ruggiero
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Siu Sylvia Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Atan Gross
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sergiy Libert
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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18
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Janer A, Prudent J, Paupe V, Fahiminiya S, Majewski J, Sgarioto N, Des Rosiers C, Forest A, Lin ZY, Gingras AC, Mitchell G, McBride HM, Shoubridge EA. SLC25A46 is required for mitochondrial lipid homeostasis and cristae maintenance and is responsible for Leigh syndrome. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:1019-38. [PMID: 27390132 PMCID: PMC5009808 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201506159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria form a dynamic network that responds to physiological signals and metabolic stresses by altering the balance between fusion and fission. Mitochondrial fusion is orchestrated by conserved GTPases MFN1/2 and OPA1, a process coordinated in yeast by Ugo1, a mitochondrial metabolite carrier family protein. We uncovered a homozygous missense mutation in SLC25A46, the mammalian orthologue of Ugo1, in a subject with Leigh syndrome. SLC25A46 is an integral outer membrane protein that interacts with MFN2, OPA1, and the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) complex. The subject mutation destabilizes the protein, leading to mitochondrial hyperfusion, alterations in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) morphology, impaired cellular respiration, and premature cellular senescence. The MICOS complex is disrupted in subject fibroblasts, resulting in strikingly abnormal mitochondrial architecture, with markedly shortened cristae. SLC25A46 also interacts with the ER membrane protein complex EMC, and phospholipid composition is altered in subject mitochondria. These results show that SLC25A46 plays a role in a mitochondrial/ER pathway that facilitates lipid transfer, and link altered mitochondrial dynamics to early‐onset neurodegenerative disease and cell fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Janer
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julien Prudent
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Paupe
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Jacek Majewski
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Sgarioto
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christine Des Rosiers
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anik Forest
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zhen-Yuan Lin
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Grant Mitchell
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine and Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Heidi M McBride
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eric A Shoubridge
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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19
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Landgraf K, Strobach A, Kiess W, Körner A. Loss of mtch2 function impairs early development of liver, intestine and visceral adipocytes in zebrafish larvae. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:2852-61. [PMID: 27468124 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial carrier homologue 2 (MTCH2) has been shown to be essential for embryogenesis in mice, and variants in the MTCH2 locus have been linked to obesity in humans. Here, we investigated the importance of mtch2 for embryogenesis and adipocyte formation in zebrafish in vivo. We show that mtch2 is conserved in zebrafish and broadly expressed during embryogenesis. Knock-down of mtch2 results in impaired development of liver and intestine, and is associated with a reduced number of adipocytes and impaired postembryonic growth. The findings indicate an essential role for mtch2 during organ development and adipogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Landgraf
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Germany.,Medical Center AdiposityDiseases (IFB), University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ariane Strobach
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Germany.,Medical Center AdiposityDiseases (IFB), University of Leipzig, Germany
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20
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Gross A. BCL-2 family proteins as regulators of mitochondria metabolism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1243-1246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Shawn, the Drosophila Homolog of SLC25A39/40, Is a Mitochondrial Carrier That Promotes Neuronal Survival. J Neurosci 2016; 36:1914-29. [PMID: 26865615 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3432-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mitochondria play an important role in the regulation of neurotransmission, and mitochondrial impairment is a key event in neurodegeneration. Cells rely on mitochondrial carrier proteins of the SLC25 family to shuttle ions, cofactors, and metabolites necessary for enzymatic reactions. Mutations in these carriers often result in rare but severe pathologies in the brain, and some of the genes, including SLC25A39 and SLC25A40, reside in susceptibility loci of severe forms of epilepsy. However, the role of most of these carriers has not been investigated in neurons in vivo. We identified shawn, the Drosophila homolog of SLC25A39 and SLC25A40, in a genetic screen to identify genes involved in neuronal function. Shawn localizes to mitochondria, and missense mutations result in an accumulation of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neurodegeneration. Shawn regulates metal homeostasis, and we found in shawn mutants increased levels of manganese, calcium, and mitochondrial free iron. Mitochondrial mutants often cannot maintain synaptic transmission under demanding conditions, but shawn mutants do, and they also do not display endocytic defects. In contrast, shawn mutants harbor a significant increase in neurotransmitter release. Our work provides the first functional annotation of these essential mitochondrial carriers in the nervous system, and the results suggest that metal imbalances and mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to defects in synaptic transmission and neuronal survival. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We describe for the first time the role of the mitochondrial carrier Shawn/SLC25A39/SLC25A40 in the nervous system. In humans, these genes reside in susceptibility loci for epilepsy, and, in flies, we observe neuronal defects related to mitochondrial dysfunction and metal homeostasis defects. Interestingly, shawn mutants also harbor increased neurotransmitter release and neurodegeneration. Our data suggest a connection between maintaining a correct metal balance and mitochondrial function to regulate neuronal survival and neurotransmitter release.
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22
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Cardiolipin or MTCH2 can serve as tBID receptors during apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1165-74. [PMID: 26794447 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During apoptosis, proapoptotic BAX and BAK trigger mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) permeabilization by a mechanism that is not yet fully understood. BH3-only proteins such as tBID, together with lipids of the MOM, are thought to play a key role in BAX and BAK activation. In particular, cardiolipin (CL) has been shown to stimulate tBID-induced BAX activation in vitro. However, it is still unclear whether this process also relies on CL in the cell, or whether it is more dependent on MTCH2, a proposed receptor for tBID present in the MOM. To address this issue, we deleted both alleles of cardiolipin synthase in human HCT116 cells by homologous recombination, which resulted in a complete absence of CL. The CL-deficient cells were fully viable in glucose but displayed impaired oxidative phosphorylation and an inability to grow in galactose. Using these cells, we found that CL was not required for either tBID-induced BAX activation, or for apoptosis in response to treatment with TRAIL. Downregulation of MTCH2 in HCT116 cells also failed to prevent recruitment of tBID to mitochondria in apoptotic conditions. However, when both CL and MTCH2 were depleted, a significant reduction in tBID recruitment was observed, suggesting that in HCT116 cells, CL and MTCH2 can have redundant functions in this process.
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Mutations in SLC25A46, encoding a UGO1-like protein, cause an optic atrophy spectrum disorder. Nat Genet 2015; 47:926-32. [PMID: 26168012 PMCID: PMC4520737 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Dominant optic atrophy (DOA)1,2 and axonal peripheral neuropathy (Charcot-Marie-Tooth Type 2 or CMT2)3 are hereditary neurodegenerative disorders most commonly caused by mutations in the canonical mitochondrial fusion genes OPA1 and MFN2, respectively4. In yeast, homologs of OPA1(Mgm1) and MFN2(Fzo1) work in concert with Ugo15,6, which has no human equivalent to date7. By whole exome sequencing patients with optic atrophy and CMT2, we identified four families with recessive mutations in SLC25A46. We demonstrate that SLC25A46, like Ugo1, is a modified carrier protein that has been recruited to the outer mitochondrial membrane and interacts with the inner membrane remodeling protein, mitofilin(Fcj1). Loss-of-function in cultured cells and in zebrafish unexpectedly leads to increased mitochondrial connectivity, while severely affecting the development and maintenance of neurons in the fish. The discovery of SLC25A46 strengthens the genetic overlap between optic atrophy and CMT2, while exemplifying a novel class of modified solute transporters linked to mitochondrial dynamics.
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24
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Zeng L, Hu C, Zhang F, Xu DC, Cui MZ, Xu X. Cellular FLICE-like Inhibitory Protein (c-FLIP) and PS1-associated Protein (PSAP) Mediate Presenilin 1-induced γ-Secretase-dependent and -independent Apoptosis, Respectively. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:18269-80. [PMID: 26025363 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.640177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Presenilin 1 (PS1) has been implicated in apoptosis; however, its mechanism remains elusive. We report that PS1-induced apoptosis was associated with cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) turnover and that γ-secretase inhibitor blocked c-FLIP turnover and also partially blocked PS1-induced apoptosis. A complete inhibition of PS1-induced apoptosis was achieved by knockdown of PS1-associated protein (PSAP), a mitochondrial proapoptotic protein that forms a complex with Bax upon induction of apoptosis, in the presence of γ-secretase inhibitor. PS1-induced apoptosis was partially inhibited by knockdown of caspase-8, Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD), or Bid. However, knockdown of Bax or overexpression of Bcl-2 resulted in complete inhibition of PS1-induced apoptosis. These data suggest that PS1 induces apoptosis through two pathways: the γ-secretase-dependent pathway mediated by turnover of c-FLIP and the γ-secretase-independent pathway mediated by PSAP-Bax complex formation. These two pathways converge on Bax to activate mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. These findings provide new insight into the mechanisms by which PS1 is involved in apoptosis and the mechanism by which PS1 exerts its pathogenic effects. In addition, our results suggest that PS2 induces apoptosis through a pathway that is different from that of PS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zeng
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, and
| | - Chen Hu
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, and the Department of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 and
| | - Fuqiang Zhang
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, and
| | - Daniel C Xu
- the Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - Mei-Zhen Cui
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, and
| | - Xuemin Xu
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, and
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25
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Goldman A, Rodríguez-Casuriaga R, González-López E, Capoano CA, Santiñaque FF, Geisinger A. MTCH2 is differentially expressed in rat testis and mainly related to apoptosis of spermatocytes. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 361:869-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Labbé
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616; , ,
| | - Andrew Murley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616; , ,
| | - Jodi Nunnari
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616; , ,
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27
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Analysis of genome-wide copy number variations in Chinese indigenous and western pig breeds by 60 K SNP genotyping arrays. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106780. [PMID: 25198154 PMCID: PMC4157799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Copy number variations (CNVs) represent a substantial source of structural variants in mammals and contribute to both normal phenotypic variability and disease susceptibility. Although low-resolution CNV maps are produced in many domestic animals, and several reports have been published about the CNVs of porcine genome, the differences between Chinese and western pigs still remain to be elucidated. In this study, we used Porcine SNP60 BeadChip and PennCNV algorithm to perform a genome-wide CNV detection in 302 individuals from six Chinese indigenous breeds (Tongcheng, Laiwu, Luchuan, Bama, Wuzhishan and Ningxiang pigs), three western breeds (Yorkshire, Landrace and Duroc) and one hybrid (Tongcheng×Duroc). A total of 348 CNV Regions (CNVRs) across genome were identified, covering 150.49 Mb of the pig genome or 6.14% of the autosomal genome sequence. In these CNVRs, 213 CNVRs were found to exist only in the six Chinese indigenous breeds, and 60 CNVRs only in the three western breeds. The characters of CNVs in four Chinese normal size breeds (Luchuan, Tongcheng and Laiwu pigs) and two minipig breeds (Bama and Wuzhishan pigs) were also analyzed in this study. Functional annotation suggested that these CNVRs possess a great variety of molecular function and may play important roles in phenotypic and production traits between Chinese and western breeds. Our results are important complementary to the CNV map in pig genome, which provide new information about the diversity of Chinese and western pig breeds, and facilitate further research on porcine genome CNVs.
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Abstract
The first animals arose more than six hundred million years ago, yet they left little impression in the fossil record. Nonetheless, the cell biology and genome composition of the first animal, the Urmetazoan, can be reconstructed through the study of phylogenetically relevant living organisms. Comparisons among animals and their unicellular and colonial relatives reveal that the Urmetazoan likely possessed a layer of epithelium-like collar cells, preyed on bacteria, reproduced by sperm and egg, and developed through cell division, cell differentiation, and invagination. Although many genes involved in development, body patterning, immunity, and cell-type specification evolved in the animal stem lineage or after animal origins, several gene families critical for cell adhesion, signaling, and gene regulation predate the origin of animals. The ancestral functions of these and other genes may eventually be revealed through studies of gene and genome function in early-branching animals and their closest non-animal relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Richter
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3200; ,
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G.Veresov V, Davidovskii AI. Structural insights into proapoptotic signaling mediated by MTCH2, VDAC2, TOM40 and TOM22. Cell Signal 2014; 26:370-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Abstract
The mitochondrion relies on compartmentalization of certain enzymes, ions and metabolites for the sake of efficient metabolism. In order to fulfil its activities, a myriad of carriers are properly expressed, targeted and folded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Among these carriers, the six-transmembrane-helix mitochondrial SLC25 (solute carrier family 25) proteins facilitate transport of solutes with disparate chemical identities across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Although their proper function replenishes building blocks needed for metabolic reactions, dysfunctional SLC25 proteins are involved in pathological states. It is the purpose of the present review to cover the current knowledge on the role of SLC25 transporters in health and disease.
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Shamas-Din A, Bindner S, Zhu W, Zaltsman Y, Campbell C, Gross A, Leber B, Andrews DW, Fradin C. tBid undergoes multiple conformational changes at the membrane required for Bax activation. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:22111-27. [PMID: 23744079 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.482109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bid is a Bcl-2 family protein that promotes apoptosis by activating Bax and eliciting mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). Full-length Bid is cleaved in response to apoptotic stimuli into two fragments, p7 and tBid (p15), that are held together by strong hydrophobic interactions until the complex binds to membranes. The detailed mechanism(s) of fragment separation including tBid binding to membranes and release of the p7 fragment to the cytoplasm remain unclear. Using liposomes or isolated mitochondria with fluorescently labeled proteins at physiological concentrations as in vitro models, we report that the two components of the complex quickly separate upon interaction with a membrane. Once tBid binds to the membrane, it undergoes slow structural rearrangements that result in an equilibrium between two major tBid conformations on the membrane. The conformational change of tBid is a prerequisite for interaction with Bax and is, therefore, a novel step that can be modulated to promote or inhibit MOMP. Using automated high-throughput image analysis in cells, we show that down-regulation of Mtch2 causes a significant delay between tBid and Bax relocalization in cells. We propose that by promoting insertion of tBid via a conformational change at the mitochondrial outer membrane, Mtch2 accelerates tBid-mediated Bax activation and MOMP. Thus the interaction of Mtch2 and tBid is a potential target for therapeutic control of Bid initiated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Shamas-Din
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
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Seo HS, Choi HS, Kim SR, Choi YK, Woo SM, Shin I, Woo JK, Park SY, Shin YC, Ko SG, Ko SK. Apigenin induces apoptosis via extrinsic pathway, inducing p53 and inhibiting STAT3 and NFκB signaling in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 366:319-34. [PMID: 22527937 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are known to prevent tumor induction. But their molecular mechanisms of action are still unknown. This study aimed to examine the effect of apigenin on proliferation and apoptosis in HER2-expressing breast cancer cells. In our experiments, apigenin inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 vec and MCF-7 HER2 cells. This growth inhibition was accompanied with an increase of sub G(0)/G(1) apoptotic fractions. Overexpression of HER2 did not confer resistance to apigenin in MCF-7 cells. Apigenin-induced extrinsic apoptosis pathway up-regulating the levels of cleaved caspase-8, and inducing the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, whereas apigenin did not induce apoptosis via intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis pathway since this compound did not decrease mitochondrial membrane potential maintaining red fluorescence and did not affect the levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein. Moreover, apigenin reduced the tyrosine phosphorylation of HER2 (phospho-HER2 level) in MCF-7 HER2 cells, and up-regulated the levels of p53, phospho-p53 and p21 in MCF-7 vec and MCF-7 HER2 cells. This suggests that apigenin induces apoptosis through p53-dependent pathway. Apigenin also reduced the expression of phospho-JAK1 and phospho-STAT3 and decreased STAT3-dependent luciferase reporter gene activity in MCF-7 vec and MCF-7 HER2 cells. Apigenin decreased the phosphorylation level of IκBα in the cytosol, and abrogated the nuclear translocation of p65 within the nucleus suggesting that it blocks the activation of NFκB signaling pathway in MCF-7 vec and MCF-7 HER2 cells. Our study indicates that apigenin could be a potential useful compound to prevent or treat HER2-overexpressing breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sook Seo
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Pharmacogenomics and Center for Clinical Research and Genomics, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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