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Liu Q, Liu Z, Xie W, Li Y, Wang H, Zhang S, Wang W, Hao J, Geng D, Yang J, Wang L. Single-cell sequencing of the substantia nigra reveals microglial activation in a model of MPTP. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1390310. [PMID: 38952478 PMCID: PMC11215054 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1390310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is a neurotoxin widely used to induce PD models, but the effect of MPTP on the cells and genes of PD has not been fully elucidated. Methods Single-nucleus RNA sequencing was performed in the Substantia Nigra (SN) of MPTP mice. UMAP analysis was used for the dimensionality reduction visualization of the SN in the MPTP mice. Known marker genes highly expressed genes in each cluster were used to annotate most clusters. Specific Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) and PD risk genes analysis were used to find MPTP-associated cells. GO, KEGG, PPI network, GSEA and CellChat analysis were used to reveal cell type-specific functional alterations and disruption of cell-cell communication networks. Subset reconstruction and pseudotime analysis were used to reveal the activation status of the cells, and to find the transcription factors with trajectory characterized. Results Initially, we observed specific DEGs and PD risk genes enrichment in microglia. Next, We obtained the functional phenotype changes in microglia and found that IGF, AGRN and PTN pathways were reduced in MPTP mice. Finally, we analyzed the activation state of microglia and revealed a pro-inflammatory trajectory characterized by transcription factors Nfe2l2 and Runx1. Conclusion Our work revealed alterations in microglia function, signaling pathways and key genes in the SN of MPTP mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ziyu Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wenmeng Xie
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yibo Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hongfang Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Sanbing Zhang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wenyu Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jiaxin Hao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Dandan Geng
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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2
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Ferreira SA, Li C, Klæstrup IH, Vitic Z, Rasmussen RK, Kirkegaard A, Toft GU, Betzer C, Svendsen P, Jensen PH, Luo Y, Etzerodt A, Moestrup SK, Romero-Ramos M. Sex-dimorphic neuroprotective effect of CD163 in an α-synuclein mouse model of Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:164. [PMID: 38092806 PMCID: PMC10719342 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00606-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation and immune activation represent hallmark pathological events in Parkinson's disease (PD). The PD-associated immune response encompasses both brain and peripheral immune cells, although little is known about the immune proteins relevant for such a response. We propose that the upregulation of CD163 observed in blood monocytes and in the responsive microglia in PD patients is a protective mechanism in the disease. To investigate this, we used the PD model based on intrastriatal injections of murine α-syn pre-formed fibrils in CD163 knockout (KO) mice and wild-type littermates. CD163KO females revealed an impaired and differential early immune response to α-syn pathology as revealed by immunohistochemical and transcriptomic analysis. After 6 months, CD163KO females showed an exacerbated immune response and α-syn pathology, which ultimately led to dopaminergic neurodegeneration of greater magnitude. These findings support a sex-dimorphic neuroprotective role for CD163 during α-syn-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Ferreira
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Conghui Li
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida H Klæstrup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zagorka Vitic
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Asger Kirkegaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gitte U Toft
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cristine Betzer
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pia Svendsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Poul H Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yonglun Luo
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Etzerodt
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren K Moestrup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marina Romero-Ramos
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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3
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Yap YT, Li W, Huang Q, Zhou Q, Zhang D, Sheng Y, Mladenovic-Lucas L, Yee SP, Orwig KE, Granneman JG, Williams DC, Hess RA, Toure A, Zhang Z. DNALI1 interacts with the MEIG1/PACRG complex within the manchette and is required for proper sperm flagellum assembly in mice. eLife 2023; 12:e79620. [PMID: 37083624 PMCID: PMC10185345 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The manchette is a transient and unique structure present in elongating spermatids and required for proper differentiation of the germ cells during spermatogenesis. Previous work indicated that the MEIG1/PACRG complex locates in the manchette and is involved in the transport of cargos, such as SPAG16L, to build the sperm flagellum. Here, using co-immunoprecipitation and pull-down approaches in various cell systems, we established that DNALI1, an axonemal component originally cloned from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, recruits and stabilizes PACRG and we confirm in vivo, the co-localization of DNALI1 and PACRG in the manchette by immunofluorescence of elongating murine spermatids. We next generated mice with a specific deficiency of DNALI1 in male germ cells, and observed a dramatic reduction of the sperm cells, which results in male infertility. In addition, we observed that the majority of the sperm cells exhibited abnormal morphology including misshapen heads, bent tails, enlarged midpiece, discontinuous accessory structure, emphasizing the importance of DNALI1 in sperm differentiation. Examination of testis histology confirmed impaired spermiogenesis in the mutant mice. Importantly, while testicular levels of MEIG1, PACRG, and SPAG16L proteins were unchanged in the Dnali1 mutant mice, their localization within the manchette was greatly affected, indicating that DNALI1 is required for the formation of the MEIG1/PACRG complex within the manchette. Interestingly, in contrast to MEIG1 and PACRG-deficient mice, the DNALI1-deficient mice also showed impaired sperm spermiation/individualization, suggesting additional functions beyond its involvement in the manchette structure. Overall, our work identifies DNALI1 as a protein required for sperm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tian Yap
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - David Zhang
- College of William and MaryWilliamsburgUnited States
| | - Yi Sheng
- Molecular Genetics and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghUnited States
| | - Ljljiana Mladenovic-Lucas
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
| | - Siu-Pok Yee
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonUnited States
| | - Kyle E Orwig
- Molecular Genetics and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghUnited States
| | - James G Granneman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
| | - David C Williams
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Rex A Hess
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of IllinoisUrbanaUnited States
| | - Aminata Toure
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Team Physiology and Pathophysiology of Sperm cells, Institute for Advanced BiosciencesGrenobleFrance
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wayne State UniversityDetroitUnited States
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4
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Tang X, Mo Z, Chang C, Qian X. Group-shrinkage feature selection with a spatial network for mining DNA methylation data. Comput Biol Med 2023; 154:106573. [PMID: 36706568 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Identifying disease-related biomarkers from high-dimensional DNA methylation data helps in reducing early screening costs and inferring pathogenesis mechanisms. Good discovery results have been achieved through spatial correlation methods of methylation sites, group-based regularization, and network constraints. However, these methods still have some key limitations as they cannot exclude isolated differential sites and only consider adjacent site ordering. Therefore, we propose a group-shrinkage feature selection algorithm to encourage the selection of clustered sites and discourage the selection of isolated differential sites. Specifically, a network-guided group-shrinkage strategy is developed to penalize weakly-correlated isolated methylation sites through a network structure constraint. The spatial network is constructed based on spatial correlation information of DNA methylation sites, where this information accounts for the uneven site distribution. The experimental simulations and applications demonstrated that the proposed method outperforms the advanced regularization methods, especially in rejecting isolated methylation sites; hence this study provides an efficient and clinical-valuable method for biomarker candidate discovery in DNA methylation data. Additionally, the proposed method exhibits enhanced reliability due to introducing biological prior knowledge into a regularization-based feature selection framework and could promote more research in the integration between biological prior knowledge and classical feature selection methods, thus facilitating their clinical application. Our source codes will be released at https://github.com/SJTUBME-QianLab/Group-shrinkage-Spatial-Network once this manuscript is accepted for publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlu Tang
- Medical Image and Health Informatics Lab, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhanfeng Mo
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
| | - Cheng Chang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai, Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Xiaohua Qian
- Medical Image and Health Informatics Lab, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Fanjul-Fernández M, Brown NJ, Hickey P, Diakumis P, Rafehi H, Bozaoglu K, Green CC, Rattray A, Young S, Alhuzaimi D, Mountford HS, Gillies G, Lukic V, Vick T, Finlay K, Coe BP, Eichler EE, Delatycki MB, Wilson SJ, Bahlo M, Scheffer IE, Lockhart PJ. A family study implicates GBE1 in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:16-29. [PMID: 34633740 PMCID: PMC8720068 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders with an estimated heritability of >60%. Family-based genetic studies of ASD have generally focused on multiple small kindreds, searching for de novo variants of major effect. We hypothesized that molecular genetic analysis of large multiplex families would enable the identification of variants of milder effects. We studied a large multigenerational family of European ancestry with multiple family members affected with ASD or the broader autism phenotype (BAP). We identified a rare heterozygous variant in the gene encoding 1,4-ɑ-glucan branching enzyme 1 (GBE1) that was present in seven of seven individuals with ASD, nine of ten individuals with the BAP, and none of four tested unaffected individuals. We genotyped a community-acquired cohort of 389 individuals with ASD and identified three additional probands. Cascade analysis demonstrated that the variant was present in 11 of 13 individuals with familial ASD/BAP and neither of the two tested unaffected individuals in these three families, also of European ancestry. The variant was not enriched in the combined UK10K ASD cohorts of European ancestry but heterozygous GBE1 deletion was overrepresented in large ASD cohorts, collectively suggesting an association between GBE1 and ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Fanjul-Fernández
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natasha J Brown
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute Victoria, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Royal Children’s Hospital Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Hickey
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Diakumis
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Haloom Rafehi
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kiymet Bozaoglu
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cherie C Green
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Audrey Rattray
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Savannah Young
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dana Alhuzaimi
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hayley S Mountford
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Greta Gillies
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vesna Lukic
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tanya Vick
- Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Bradley P Coe
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Evan E Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Martin B Delatycki
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah J Wilson
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul J Lockhart
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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6
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Song WH, Zuidema D, Yi YJ, Zigo M, Zhang Z, Sutovsky M, Sutovsky P. Mammalian Cell-Free System Recapitulates the Early Events of Post-Fertilization Sperm Mitophagy. Cells 2021; 10:2450. [PMID: 34572103 PMCID: PMC8466530 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Propagation of paternal sperm-contributed mitochondrial genes, resulting in heteroplasmy, is seldom observed in mammals due to post-fertilization degradation of sperm mitochondria, referred to as sperm mitophagy. Whole organelle sperm mitochondrion degradation is thought to be mediated by the interplay between the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagic pathway (Song et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2016). Both porcine and primate post-fertilization sperm mitophagy rely on the ubiquitin-binding autophagy receptor, sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1), and the proteasome-interacting ubiquitinated protein dislocase, valosin-containing protein (VCP). Consequently, we anticipated that sperm mitophagy could be reconstituted in a cell-free system consisting of permeabilized mammalian spermatozoa co-incubated with porcine oocyte extracts. We found that SQSTM1 was detected in the midpiece/mitochondrial sheath of the sperm tail after, but not before, co-incubation with oocyte extracts. VCP was prominent in the sperm mitochondrial sheath both before and after the extract co-incubation and was also detected in the acrosome and postacrosomal sheath and the subacrosomal layer of the spermatozoa co-incubated with extraction buffer as control. Such patterns are consistent with our previous observation of SQSTM1 and VCP associating with sperm mitochondria inside the porcine zygote. In addition, it was observed that sperm head expansion mimicked the early stages of paternal pronucleus development in a zygote during prolonged sperm-oocyte extract co-incubation. Treatment with anti-SQSTM1 antibody during extract co-incubation prevented ooplasmic SQSTM1 binding to sperm mitochondria. Even in an interspecific cellular environment encompassing bull spermatozoa and porcine oocyte extract, ooplasmic SQSTM1 was recruited to heterospecific sperm mitochondria. Complementary with the binding of SQSTM1 and VCP to sperm mitochondria, two sperm-borne pro-mitophagy proteins, parkin co-regulated gene product (PACRG) and spermatogenesis associated 18 (SPATA18), underwent localization changes after extract coincubation, which were consistent with their degradation observed inside fertilized porcine oocytes. These results demonstrate that the early developmental events of post-fertilization sperm mitophagy observed in porcine zygote can be reconstituted in a cell-free system, which could become a useful tool for identifying additional molecules that regulate mitochondrial inheritance in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Hee Song
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (W.-H.S.); (D.Z.); (Y.-J.Y.); (M.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Dalen Zuidema
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (W.-H.S.); (D.Z.); (Y.-J.Y.); (M.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Young-Joo Yi
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (W.-H.S.); (D.Z.); (Y.-J.Y.); (M.Z.); (M.S.)
- Department of Agricultural Education, College of Education, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Michal Zigo
- Department of Agricultural Education, College of Education, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
- The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Miriam Sutovsky
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (W.-H.S.); (D.Z.); (Y.-J.Y.); (M.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Peter Sutovsky
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (W.-H.S.); (D.Z.); (Y.-J.Y.); (M.Z.); (M.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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7
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Magalhães Rebelo AP, Dal Bello F, Knedlik T, Kaar N, Volpin F, Shin SH, Giacomello M. Chemical Modulation of Mitochondria-Endoplasmic Reticulum Contact Sites. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071637. [PMID: 32646031 PMCID: PMC7408517 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Contact sites between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are points in which the two organelles are in close proximity. Due to their structural and functional complexity, their exploitation as pharmacological targets has never been considered so far. Notwithstanding, the number of compounds described to target proteins residing at these interfaces either directly or indirectly is rising. Here we provide original insight into mitochondria–ER contact sites (MERCs), with a comprehensive overview of the current MERCs pharmacology. Importantly, we discuss the considerable potential of MERCs to become a druggable target for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Magalhães Rebelo
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.P.M.R.); (F.D.B.); (T.K.); (N.K.); (F.V.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Federica Dal Bello
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.P.M.R.); (F.D.B.); (T.K.); (N.K.); (F.V.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Tomas Knedlik
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.P.M.R.); (F.D.B.); (T.K.); (N.K.); (F.V.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Natasha Kaar
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.P.M.R.); (F.D.B.); (T.K.); (N.K.); (F.V.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Fabio Volpin
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.P.M.R.); (F.D.B.); (T.K.); (N.K.); (F.V.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Sang Hun Shin
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.P.M.R.); (F.D.B.); (T.K.); (N.K.); (F.V.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Marta Giacomello
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.P.M.R.); (F.D.B.); (T.K.); (N.K.); (F.V.); (S.H.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-827-6300
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8
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Stephenson SEM, Aumann TD, Taylor JM, Riseley JR, Li R, Mann JR, Tomas D, Lockhart PJ. Generation and characterisation of a parkin-Pacrg knockout mouse line and a Pacrg knockout mouse line. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7528. [PMID: 29760428 PMCID: PMC5951884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25766-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in PARK2 (parkin) can result in Parkinson's disease (PD). Parkin shares a bidirectional promoter with parkin coregulated gene (PACRG) and the transcriptional start sites are separated by only ~200 bp. Bidirectionally regulated genes have been shown to function in common biological pathways. Mice lacking parkin have largely failed to recapitulate the dopaminergic neuronal loss and movement impairments seen in individuals with parkin-mediated PD. We aimed to investigate the function of PACRG and test the hypothesis that parkin and PACRG function in a common pathway by generating and characterizing two novel knockout mouse lines harbouring loss of both parkin and Pacrg or Pacrg alone. Successful modification of the targeted allele was confirmed at the genomic, transcriptional and steady state protein levels for both genes. At 18-20 months of age, there were no significant differences in the behaviour of parental and mutant lines when assessed by openfield, rotarod and balance beam. Subsequent neuropathological examination suggested there was no gross abnormality of the dopaminergic system in the substantia nigra and no significant difference in the number of dopaminergic neurons in either knockout model compared to wildtype mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E M Stephenson
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy D Aumann
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Juliet M Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica R Riseley
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ruili Li
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Surgical Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeffrey R Mann
- Monash Genome Modification Platform, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Doris Tomas
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul J Lockhart
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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9
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Shirriff CS, Heikkila JJ. Characterization of cadmium chloride-induced BiP accumulation in Xenopus laevis A6 kidney epithelial cells. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 191:117-128. [PMID: 27746171 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can result in the accumulation of unfolded/misfolded protein in the ER lumen, which can trigger the unfolded protein response (UPR) resulting in the activation of various genes including immunoglobulin-binding protein (BiP; also known as glucose-regulated protein 78 or HSPA5). BiP, an ER heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family member, binds to unfolded protein, inhibits their aggregation and re-folds them in an ATP-dependent manner. While cadmium, an environmental contaminant, was shown to induce the accumulation of HSP70 in vertebrate cells, less information is available regarding the effect of this metal on BiP accumulation or function. In this study, cadmium chloride treatment of Xenopus laevis A6 kidney epithelial cells induced a dose- and time-dependent increase in BiP, HSP70 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) accumulation. Exposure of cells to a relatively low cadmium concentration at a mild heat shock temperature of 30°C greatly enhanced BiP and HSP70 accumulation compared to cadmium at 22°C. Treatment of cells with the glutathione synthesis inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine, enhanced cadmium-induced BiP and HSP70 accumulation. Immunocytochemistry revealed that cadmium-induced BiP accumulation occurred in a punctate pattern in the perinuclear region. In some cells treated with cadmium chloride or the proteasomal inhibitor, MG132, large BiP complexes were observed that co-localized with aggregated protein or aggresome-like structures. These BiP/aggresome-like structures were also observed in cells treated simultaneously with cadmium at 30°C or in the presence of buthionine sulfoximine. In amphibians, the association of BiP with unfolded protein and its possible role in aggresome function may be vital in the maintenance of cellular proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody S Shirriff
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - John J Heikkila
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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10
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Dissecting the structural basis of MEIG1 interaction with PACRG. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18278. [PMID: 26726850 PMCID: PMC4698733 DOI: 10.1038/srep18278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The product of the meiosis-expressed gene 1 (MEIG1) is found in the cell bodies of spermatocytes and recruited to the manchette, a structure unique to elongating spermatids, by Parkin co-regulated gene (PACRG). This complex is essential for targeting cargo to the manchette during sperm flagellum assembly. Here we show that MEIG1 adopts a unique fold that provides a large surface for interacting with other proteins. We mutated 12 exposed and conserved amino acids and show that four of these mutations (W50A, K57E, F66A, Y68A) dramatically reduce binding to PACRG. These four amino acids form a contiguous hydrophobic patch on one end of the protein. Furthermore, each of these four mutations diminishes the ability of MEIG1 to stabilize PACRG when expressed in bacteria. Together these studies establish the unique structure and key interaction surface of MEIG1 and provide a framework to explore how MEIG1 recruits proteins to build the sperm tail.
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11
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The small heat shock protein, HSP30, is associated with aggresome-like inclusion bodies in proteasomal inhibitor-, arsenite-, and cadmium-treated Xenopus kidney cells. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 189:130-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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12
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Li W, Tang W, Teves ME, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Li H, Archer KJ, Peterson DL, Williams DC, Strauss JF, Zhang Z. A MEIG1/PACRG complex in the manchette is essential for building the sperm flagella. Development 2015; 142:921-30. [PMID: 25715396 PMCID: PMC4352978 DOI: 10.1242/dev.119834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A key event in the process of spermiogenesis is the formation of the flagella, which enables sperm to reach eggs for fertilization. Yeast two-hybrid studies revealed that meiosis-expressed gene 1 (MEIG1) and Parkin co-regulated gene (PACRG) interact, and that sperm-associated antigen 16, which encodes an axoneme central apparatus protein, is also a binding partner of MEIG1. In spermatocytes of wild-type mice, MEIG1 is expressed in the whole germ cell bodies, but the protein migrates to the manchette, a unique structure at the base of elongating spermatid that directs formation of the flagella. In the elongating spermatids of wild-type mice, PACRG colocalizes with α-tubulin, a marker for the manchette, whereas this localization was not changed in the few remaining elongating spermatids of Meig1-deficient mice. In addition, MEIG1 no longer localizes to the manchette in the remaining elongating spermatids of Pacrg-deficient mice, indicating that PACRG recruits MEIG1 to the manchette. PACRG is not stable in mammalian cells, but can be stabilized by MEIG1 or by inhibition of proteasome function. SPAG16L is present in the spermatocyte cytoplasm of wild-type mice, and in the manchette of elongating spermatids, but in the Meig1 or Pacrg-deficient mice, SPAG16L no longer localizes to the manchette. By contrast, MEIG1 and PACRG are still present in the manchette of Spag16L-deficient mice, indicating that SPAG16L is a downstream partner of these two proteins. Together, our studies demonstrate that MEIG1/PACRG forms a complex in the manchette and that this complex is necessary to transport cargos, such as SPAG16L, to build the sperm flagella. Summary: In the manchette, a structure at the base of the elongating spermatid, the proteins MEIG1 and PACRG act in a complex to control cargo transport and direct formation of the flagellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Waixing Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maria E Teves
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Zhengang Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
| | - Hongfei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Kellie J Archer
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Darrell L Peterson
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - David C Williams
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jerome F Strauss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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13
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DNA methylation patterns of protein coding genes and long noncoding RNAs in female schizophrenic patients. Eur J Med Genet 2015; 58:95-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Jellinger KA. Neuropathology of multiple system atrophy: New thoughts about pathogenesis. Mov Disord 2014; 29:1720-41. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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15
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Zhang L, Chen X, Sharma P, Moon M, Sheftel AD, Dawood F, Nghiem MP, Wu J, Li RK, Gramolini AO, Sorensen PH, Penninger JM, Brumell JH, Liu PP. HACE1-dependent protein degradation provides cardiac protection in response to haemodynamic stress. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3430. [PMID: 24614889 PMCID: PMC3959209 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase HACE1
is a tumour suppressor known to regulate Rac1 activity under stress conditions. HACE1 is increased in the serum of patients
with heart failure. Here we show that HACE1 protects the heart under pressure stress by controlling
protein degradation. Hace1
deficiency in mice results in accelerated heart failure and increased mortality
under haemodynamic stress. Hearts from Hace1−/− mice
display abnormal cardiac hypertrophy, left ventricular dysfunction, accumulation of
LC3, p62 and ubiquitinated proteins enriched for
cytoskeletal species, indicating impaired autophagy. Our data suggest that
HACE1 mediates p62-dependent selective autophagic turnover
of ubiquitinated proteins by its ankyrin repeat domain through
protein–protein interaction, which is independent of its E3 ligase
activity. This would classify HACE1 as a dual-function E3 ligase. Our finding that
HACE1 has a protective
function in the heart in response to haemodynamic stress suggests that HACE1 may be a potential diagnostic and
therapeutic target for heart disease. HACE1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase known to regulate various cell
biological processes. Here, Zhang et al. identify HACE1 as a protective factor in
the heart, demonstrating that HACE1 inhibits the development of heart failure in
response to haemodynamic stress by regulating protein degradation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyong Zhang
- 1] University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4W7 [2] Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellent for Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Xin Chen
- 1] University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4W7 [2] Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellent for Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Parveen Sharma
- Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellent for Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Mark Moon
- 1] University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4W7 [2] Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellent for Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Alex D Sheftel
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4W7
| | - Fayez Dawood
- 1] University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4W7 [2] Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellent for Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Mai P Nghiem
- Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellent for Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Jun Wu
- Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellent for Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Ren-Ke Li
- Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellent for Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Anthony O Gramolini
- 1] Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellent for Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4 [2] Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 1L3
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Dr Bohrgasse 3, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - John H Brumell
- 1] Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8 [2] Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8 [3] Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1 × 8
| | - Peter P Liu
- 1] University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4W7 [2] Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellent for Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4 [3] Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8 [4] Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
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16
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Kourmpetli S, Lee K, Hemsley R, Rossignol P, Papageorgiou T, Drea S. Bidirectional promoters in seed development and related hormone/stress responses. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 13:187. [PMID: 24261334 PMCID: PMC4222868 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-13-187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bidirectional promoters are common in genomes but under-studied experimentally, particularly in plants. We describe a targeted identification and selection of a subset of putative bidirectional promoters to identify genes involved in seed development and to investigate possible coordinated responses of gene pairs to conditions important in seed maturation such as desiccation and ABA-regulation. RESULTS We combined a search for 100-600 bp intergenic regions in the Arabidopsis genome with a cis-element based selection for those containing multiple copies of the G-box motif, CACGTG. One of the putative bidirectional promoters identified also contained a CE3 coupling element 5 bp downstream of one G-box and is identical to that characterized previously in the HVA1 promoter of barley. CE3 elements are significantly under-represented and under-studied in Arabidopsis. We further characterized the pair of genes associated with this promoter and uncovered roles for two small, previously uncharacterized, plant-specific proteins in Arabidopsis seed development and stress responses. CONCLUSIONS Using bioinformatics we identified putative bidirectional promoters involved in seed development and analysed expression patterns for a pair of plant-specific genes in various tissues and in response to hormones/stress. We also present preliminary functional analysis of these genes that is suggestive of roles in seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Kourmpetli
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Kate Lee
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Analysis Support Hub (BBASH), College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Rachel Hemsley
- Current address UCL Business PLC, The Network Building, 97 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4TP, UK
| | - Pascale Rossignol
- Current address Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Thaleia Papageorgiou
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Sinéad Drea
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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17
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Kyrychenko VO, Nagibin VS, Tumanovska LV, Pashevin DO, Gurianova VL, Moibenko AA, Dosenko VE, Klionsky DJ. Knockdown of PSMB7 induces autophagy in cardiomyocyte cultures: possible role in endoplasmic reticulum stress. Pathobiology 2013; 81:8-14. [PMID: 23969338 DOI: 10.1159/000350704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasomal and autophagic pathways of protein degradation are two essential, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated proteolytic systems involved in the ER stress response. The functional interaction between them has been shown by proteasome pharmacological inhibition. However, little data have been found concerning autophagy induction using an RNA interference approach due to the multisubunit composition of proteolytic systems. We suggested that silencing of single proteasome subunits can induce massive autophagy. Psmb7-specific small interference RNA added to isolated cardiomyocytes significantly affected mRNA expression of essential ER stress marker proteins, including DDIT3/CHOP and HSPA5/GRP78. mRNA expression of the key autophagy regulator MTOR was also increased. These findings were confirmed by single-cell reverse transcription real-time PCR on individual monodansylcadaverine (MDC)-labeled cardiomyocytes. RNA interference that decreased the levels of non-catalytic PSMB7 subunits of the proteasome had no influence on chymotrypsin- and trypsin-like activities, but significantly decreased peptidyl-glutamyl peptide-hydrolyzing activity. Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased levels of LC3-marked vacuoles in the cytoplasm of Psmb7-knockdown cells, and MDC staining showed significantly increased numbers of neonatal cardiomyocytes with autophagic vacuoles. After anoxia-reoxygenation, the number of cells with signs of autophagy after Psmb7 gene silencing was higher. Our results indicate that Psmb7 knockdown induces ER stress and autophagy in cardiomyocytes, which may be a useful approach to activate specific autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria O Kyrychenko
- Department of General and Molecular Pathophysiology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kiev, Ukraine
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18
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PARK2 mediates interleukin 6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 production by human macrophages. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2015. [PMID: 23350010 PMCID: PMC3547867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Leprosy is a persistent infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that still affects over 200,000 new patients annually. The host genetic background is an important risk factor for leprosy susceptibility and the PARK2 gene is a replicated leprosy susceptibility candidate gene. The protein product of PARK2, Parkin, is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is involved in the development of various forms of Parkinsonism. The human macrophage is both a natural host cell of M. leprae as well as a primary mediator of natural immune defenses, in part by secreting important pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Here, we report that down-regulation of Parkin in THP-1 macrophages, human monocyte-derived macrophages and human Schwann cells resulted in a consistent and specific decrease in interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1/CCL2) production in response to mycobacteria or LPS. Interestingly, production of IL-6 at 6 hours by THP-1 cells stimulated with live M. leprae and M. bovis BCG was dependent on pretreatment with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD). Parkin knockdown in VD-treated cells blocked IL-6 induction by mycobacteria. However, IκB-α phosphorylation and levels of IκB-ξ, a nuclear protein required for IL-6 expression, were not affected by Parkin silencing. Phosphorylation of MAPK ERK1/2 and p38 was unaffected by Parkin silencing while JNK activation was promoted but did not explain the altered cytokine production. In a final set of experiments we found that genetic risk factors of leprosy located in the PARK2 promoter region were significantly correlated with M. leprae sonicate triggered CCL2 and IL6 transcript levels in whole blood assays. These results associated genetically controlled changes in the production of MCP-1/CCL2 and IL-6 with known leprosy susceptibility factors. Leprosy is an infectious disease with a strong host genetic component. The identification of host genetic lesions predisposing to disease is a powerful approach for mapping key junctions in the host pathogen interplay. Genetic variants located in the promoter region of the PARK2 gene are replicated leprosy susceptibility factors. To better understand a possible contribution of PARK2 to host effector mechanisms in leprosy patients, we developed a cellular model to test the contribution of the PARK2 encoded parkin protein to host responses to mycobacterial antigens. We observed that parkin was a mediator of IL-6 production in response to mycobacterial antigen in both THP-1 macrophages and human Schwann cells while human monocyte-derived macrophages needed to be pre-activated with VitD to show the same impact. Parkin also impacted on the constitutive production of MCP-1. The regulatory activity of parkin on cytokine production was found to be independent of the canonical TLR-NFκB signalling pathway. We also tested association of IL6 and CCL2 gene expression levels in whole blood assays with PARK2 polymorphisms. For both cytokines, we found significant associations with those PARK2 variants that were established leprosy susceptibility factors. Hence, our results show that genetic PARK2 variants that are correlated with leprosy susceptibility are also correlated with production of these cytokines following stimulation with M. leprae sonicate.
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19
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Lyupina YV, Abaturova SB, Erokhov PA, Orlova OV, Beljelarskaya SN, Mikhailov VS. Proteotoxic stress induced by Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus infection of Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells. Virology 2012; 436:49-58. [PMID: 23123012 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Baculovirus AcMNPV causes proteotoxicity in Sf9 cells as revealed by accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and aggresomes in the course of infection. Inhibition of proteasomes by lactacystin increased markedly the stock of ubiquitinated proteins indicating a primary role of proteasomes in detoxication. The proteasomes were present in Sf9 cells as 26S and 20S complexes whose protease activity did not change during infection. Proteasome inhibition caused a delay in the initiation of viral DNA replication suggesting an important role of proteasomes at early stages in infection. However, lactacystin did not affect ongoing replication indicating that active proteasomes are not required for genome amplification. At late stages in infection (24-48 hpi), aggresomes containing the ubiquitinated proteins and HSP/HSC70s showed gradual fusion with the vacuole-like structures identified as lysosomes by antibody to cathepsin D. This result suggests that lysosomes may assist in protection against proteotoxicity caused by baculoviruses absorbing the ubiquitinated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia V Lyupina
- NK Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
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