1
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Romero MD, Carabeo RA. Dynamin-dependent entry of Chlamydia trachomatis is sequentially regulated by the effectors TarP and TmeA. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4926. [PMID: 38858371 PMCID: PMC11164928 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia invasion of epithelial cells is a pathogen-driven process involving two functionally distinct effectors - TarP and TmeA. They collaborate to promote robust actin dynamics at sites of entry. Here, we extend studies on the molecular mechanism of invasion by implicating the host GTPase dynamin 2 (Dyn2) in the completion of pathogen uptake. Importantly, Dyn2 function is modulated by TarP and TmeA at the levels of recruitment and activation through oligomerization, respectively. TarP-dependent recruitment requires phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the small GTPase Rac1, while TmeA has a post-recruitment role related to Dyn2 oligomerization. This is based on the rescue of invasion duration and efficiency in the absence of TmeA by the Dyn2 oligomer-stabilizing small molecule activator Ryngo 1-23. Notably, Dyn2 also regulated turnover of TarP- and TmeA-associated actin networks, with disrupted Dyn2 function resulting in aberrant turnover dynamics, thus establishing the interdependent functional relationship between Dyn2 and the effectors TarP and TmeA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Romero
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rey A Carabeo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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2
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Huang HN, Hung PF, Chen YP, Lee CH. Leucine Zipper Downregulated in Cancer-1 Interacts with Clathrin Adaptors to Control Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Internalization and Gefitinib Response in EGFR-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1374. [PMID: 38338651 PMCID: PMC10855387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a common driver of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Clathrin-mediated internalization (CMI) sustains EGFR signaling. AXL is associated with resistance to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in EGFR-mutated (EGFRM) NSCLC. We investigated the effects of Leucine zipper downregulated in cancer-1 (LDOC1) on EGFR CMI and NSCLC treatment. Coimmunoprecipitation, double immunofluorescence staining, confocal microscopy analysis, cell surface labelling assays, and immunohistochemistry studies were conducted. We revealed that LDOC1 interacts with clathrin adaptors through binding motifs. LDOC1 depletion promotes internalization and plasma membrane recycling of EGFR in EGFRM NSCLC PC9 and HCC827 cells. Membranous and cytoplasmic EGFR decreased and increased, respectively, in LDOC1 (-) NSCLC tumors. LDOC1 depletion enhanced and sustained activation of EGFR, AXL, and HER2 and enhanced activation of HER3 in PC9 and HCC827 cells. Sensitivity to first-generation EGFR-TKIs (gefitinib and erlotinib) was significantly reduced in LDOC1-depleted PC9 and HCC827 cells. Moreover, LDOC1 downregulation was significantly associated (p < 0.001) with poor overall survival in patients with EGFRM NSCLC receiving gefitinib (n = 100). In conclusion, LDOC1 may regulate the efficacy of first-generation EGFR-TKIs by participating in the CMI of EGFR. Accordingly, LDOC1 may function as a prognostic biomarker for EGFRM NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Neng Huang
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, No. 25, Ln. 442, Section 1, Jingguo Road, North Dist., Hsinchu 300195, Taiwan;
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Jen Ai Road Section 1, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Feng Hung
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan 350401, Taiwan; (P.-F.H.); (Y.-P.C.)
| | - Yai-Ping Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan 350401, Taiwan; (P.-F.H.); (Y.-P.C.)
| | - Chia-Huei Lee
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan 350401, Taiwan; (P.-F.H.); (Y.-P.C.)
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3
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Hejmady S, Pradhan R, Kumari S, Pandey M, Dubey SK, Taliyan R. Pharmacokinetics and toxicity considerations for antibody-drug conjugates: an overview. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:1193-1202. [PMID: 37724472 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) is one of the fastest-growing drug-delivery systems. It involves a monoclonal antibody conjugated with payload via a ligand that directly targets the expressive protein of diseased cell. Hence, it reduces systemic exposure and provides site-specific delivery along with reduced toxicity. Because of this advantage, researchers have gained interest in this novel system. ADCs have displayed great promise in drug delivery and biomedical applications. However, a lack of understanding exists on their mechanisms of biodistribution, metabolism and side effects. To gain a better understanding of the therapeutics, careful consideration of the pharmacokinetics and toxicity needs to be undertaken. In this review, different pharmacokinetics parameters including distribution, bioanalysis and heterogeneity are discussed for developing novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhanth Hejmady
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Rajesh Pradhan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Shobha Kumari
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Meghna Pandey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Sunil K Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
- Medical Research, R&D Healthcare Division, Emami Ltd, Kolkata 700056, India
| | - Rajeev Taliyan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
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4
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Porębska N, Ciura K, Chorążewska A, Zakrzewska M, Otlewski J, Opaliński Ł. Multivalent protein-drug conjugates - An emerging strategy for the upgraded precision and efficiency of drug delivery to cancer cells. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108213. [PMID: 37453463 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
With almost 20 million new cases per year, cancer constitutes one of the most important challenges for public health systems. Unlike traditional chemotherapy, targeted anti-cancer strategies employ sophisticated therapeutics to precisely identify and attack cancer cells, limiting the impact of drugs on healthy cells and thereby minimizing the unwanted side effects of therapy. Protein drug conjugates (PDCs) are a rapidly growing group of targeted therapeutics, composed of a cancer-recognition factor covalently coupled to a cytotoxic drug. Several PDCs, mainly in the form of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) that employ monoclonal antibodies as cancer-recognition molecules, are used in the clinic and many PDCs are currently in clinical trials. Highly selective, strong and stable interaction of the PDC with the tumor marker, combined with efficient, rapid endocytosis of the receptor/PDC complex and its subsequent effective delivery to lysosomes, is critical for the efficacy of targeted cancer therapy with PDCs. However, the bivalent architecture of contemporary clinical PDCs is not optimal for tumor receptor recognition or PDCs internalization. In this review, we focus on multivalent PDCs, which represent a rapidly evolving and highly promising therapeutics that overcome most of the limitations of current bivalent PDCs, enhancing the precision and efficiency of drug delivery to cancer cells. We present an expanding set of protein scaffolds used to generate multivalent PDCs that, in addition to folding into well-defined multivalent molecular structures, enable site-specific conjugation of the cytotoxic drug to ensure PDC homogeneity. We provide an overview of the architectures of multivalent PDCs developed to date, emphasizing their efficacy in the targeted treatment of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Porębska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ciura
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Chorążewska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zakrzewska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Łukasz Opaliński
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland.
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5
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Deng L, Wang L, Zhang J, Zhao L, Meng Y, Zheng J, Xu W, Zhu Z, Huang H. The mechanism of action and biodistribution of a novel EGFR/VEGF bispecific fusion protein that exhibited superior antitumor activities. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16922. [PMID: 37484224 PMCID: PMC10360952 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the promising clinical benefits of therapies targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with antibodies in various cancers, resistance to these therapies will inevitably develop following treatment. Recent studies suggest that crosstalk between the EGFR and VEGF signaling pathways might be involved in the development of resistance. Therefore, simultaneous blockade of EGFR and VEGF signaling may be able to counteract this resistance and improve clinical outcomes. Here, we devised a fusion protein with two copies of VEGFR1 domain 2 connected to the C-terminus of cetuximab that can simultaneously bind to EGFR and VEGF and effectively inhibit target cell growth mediated by these two pathways. Furthermore, the fusion protein could bring soluble VEGF into target cells for degradation through internalization upon binding to EGFR. Tissue distribution in mice confirmed that the fusion protein effectively accumulated in tumors compared to its mAb counterpart cetuximab. These features resulted in stronger antitumor efficacies in vivo than the combination of bevacizumab and cetuximab. Thus, we provide a promising new strategy for the treatment of EGFR-overexpressing cancers.
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Ghosh C, Xing Y, Cai J, Sun Y. Irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitors induce the endocytosis and downregulation of ErbB2. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 34:101436. [PMID: 36824069 PMCID: PMC9941056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ErbB2) is an oncogene that frequently overexpressed in a subset of cancers. Anti-ErbB2 therapies have been developed to treat these types of cancers. However, less is known about how anti-ErbB2 drugs affect the trafficking and degradation of ErbB2. We demonstrate that the reversible and irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) differentially modulate the subcellular trafficking and downregulation of ErbB2. Only the irreversible TKIs can induce the loss of ErbB2 expression, which is not dependent on proteasome or lysosome. The irreversible TKIs promote ErbB2 endocytosis from plasma membrane and enhance the ErbB2 accumulation at endosomes. The endocytosis of ErbB2 is mediated by a dynamin-dependent but clathrin-independent mechanism. Blocking of ErbB2 endocytosis can impair the TKI-induced ErbB2 downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmoy Ghosh
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Yanli Xing
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyang Cai
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA,Corresponding author.
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7
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Huh H, Chen DW, Foldvari M, Slavcev R, Blay J. EGFR-targeted bacteriophage lambda penetrates model stromal and colorectal carcinoma tissues, is taken up into carcinoma cells, and interferes with 3-dimensional tumor formation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:957233. [PMID: 36591314 PMCID: PMC9800840 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.957233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer and other adult solid cancers pose a significant challenge for successful treatment because the tumor microenvironment both hinders the action of conventional therapeutics and suppresses the immune activities of infiltrating leukocytes. The immune suppression is largely the effect of enhanced local mediators such as purine nucleosides and eicosanoids. Genetic approaches have the promise of interfering with these mechanisms of local immunosuppression to allow both intrinsic and therapeutic immunological anticancer processes. Bacterial phages offer a novel means of enabling access into tissues for therapeutic genetic manipulations. Methods We generated spheroids of fibroblastic and CRC cancer cells to model the 3-dimensional stromal and parenchymal components of colorectal tumours. We used these to examine the access and effects of both wildtype (WT) and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-presenting bacteriophage λ (WT- λ and EGF-λ) as a means of delivery of targeted genetic interventions in solid cancers. We used both confocal microscopy of spheroids exposed to AF488-tagged phages, and the recovery of viable phages as measured by plaque-forming assays to evaluate access; and measures of mitochondrial enzyme activity and cellular ATP to evaluate the outcome on the constituent cells. Results Using flourescence-tagged derivatives of these bacteriophages (AF488-WT-λ and AF488-EGF-λ) we showed that phage entry into these tumour microenvironments was possible and that the EGF ligand enabled efficient and persistent uptake into the cancer cell mass. EGF-λ became localized in the intracellular portion of cancer cells and was subjected to subsequent cellular processing. The targeted λ phage had no independent effect upon mature tumour spheroids, but interfered with the early formation and growth of cancer tissues without the need for addition of a toxic payload, suggesting that it might have beneficial effects by itself in addition to any genetic intervention delivered to the tumour. Interference with spheroid formation persisted over the duration of culture. Discussion We conclude that targeted phage technology is a feasible strategy to facilitate delivery into colorectal cancer tumour tissue (and by extension other solid carcinomas) and provides an appropriate delivery vehicle for a gene therapeutic that can reduce local immunosuppression and/or deliver an additional direct anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haein Huh
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Ding-Wen Chen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | - Roderick Slavcev
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Jonathan Blay, ; Roderick Slavcev,
| | - Jonathan Blay
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada,Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada,*Correspondence: Jonathan Blay, ; Roderick Slavcev,
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8
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Gundu C, Arruri VK, Yadav P, Navik U, Kumar A, Amalkar VS, Vikram A, Gaddam RR. Dynamin-Independent Mechanisms of Endocytosis and Receptor Trafficking. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162557. [PMID: 36010634 PMCID: PMC9406725 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis is a fundamental mechanism by which cells perform housekeeping functions. It occurs via a variety of mechanisms and involves many regulatory proteins. The GTPase dynamin acts as a “molecular scissor” to form endocytic vesicles and is a critical regulator among the proteins involved in endocytosis. Some GTPases (e.g., Cdc42, arf6, RhoA), membrane proteins (e.g., flotillins, tetraspanins), and secondary messengers (e.g., calcium) mediate dynamin-independent endocytosis. These pathways may be convergent, as multiple pathways exist in a single cell. However, what determines the specific path of endocytosis is complex and challenging to comprehend. This review summarizes the mechanisms of dynamin-independent endocytosis, the involvement of microRNAs, and factors that contribute to the cellular decision about the specific route of endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayanika Gundu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Arruri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Poonam Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Veda Sudhir Amalkar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ajit Vikram
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ravinder Reddy Gaddam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
EGFR is a member of the ERBB family. It plays a significant role in cellular processes such as growth, survival and differentiation via the activation of various signaling pathways. EGFR deregulation is implicated in various human malignancies, and therefore EGFR has emerged as an attractive anticancer target. EGFR inhibition using strategies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies hinders cellular proliferation and promotes apoptosis in cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. EGFR inhibition by tyrosine kinase inhibitors has been shown to be a better treatment option than chemotherapy for advanced-stage EGFR-driven non-small-cell lung cancer, yet de novo and acquired resistance limits the clinical benefit of these therapeutic molecules. This review discusses the cellular signaling pathways activated by EGFR. Further, current therapeutic strategies to target aberrant EGFR signaling in cancer and mechanisms of resistance to them are highlighted.
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10
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Takahashi JI, Nakamura S, Onuma I, Zhou Y, Yokoyama S, Sakurai H. Synchronous intracellular delivery of EGFR-targeted antibody-drug conjugates by p38-mediated non-canonical endocytosis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11561. [PMID: 35798841 PMCID: PMC9262980 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15838-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), including cetuximab and panitumumab, have been used in clinic settings to treat cancer. They have also recently been applied to antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs); however, their clinical efficacy is limited by several issues, including lower internalization efficiency. The binding of cetuximab to the extracellular domain of EGFR suppresses ligand-induced events; therefore, we focus on ligand-independent non-canonical EGFR endocytosis for the delivery of ADCs into cells. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) strongly induces the endocytosis of the cetuximab-EGFR complex within 15 min via the p38 phosphorylation of EGFR in a tyrosine kinase-independent manner. A secondary antibody conjugated with saporin, a ribosome-inactivating protein, also undergoes internalization with the complex and enhances its anti-proliferative activity. Anti-cancer agents, including cisplatin and temozolomide, also induce the p38-mediated internalization. The results of the present study demonstrate that synchronous non-canonical EGFR endocytosis may be a feasible strategy for promoting the therapeutic efficacy of EGFR-targeting ADCs in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichiro Takahashi
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shiori Nakamura
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Iimi Onuma
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Satoru Yokoyama
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakurai
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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11
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Zhao J, Li S, Pang X, Shan Y. Evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of nano-drugs targeting epidermal growth factor receptor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2726-2729. [PMID: 35113095 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06754k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeted nano-drugs facilitate effective diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Herein, the therapeutic efficacy of nano-drugs targeting EGFR was evaluated from the perspective of cell entry efficiency and induced cell mechanical properties using force tracing and nano-indentation techniques at the single particle/cell level in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Siying Li
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Xuelei Pang
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yuping Shan
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China.
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12
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Kaźmierczak Z, Szostak-Paluch K, Przybyło M, Langner M, Witkiewicz W, Jędruchniewicz N, Dąbrowska K. Endocytosis in cellular uptake of drug delivery vectors: Molecular aspects in drug development. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115556. [PMID: 32828419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery vectors are widely applied to increase drug efficacy while reducing the side effects and potential toxicity of a drug. They allow for patient-tailored therapy, dose titration, and therapeutic drug monitoring. A major part of drug delivery systems makes use of large nanocarriers: liposomes or virus-like particles (VLPs). These systems allow for a relatively large amount of cargo with good stability of vectors, and they offer multiple options for targeting vectors in vivo. Here we discuss endocytic pathways that are available for drug delivery by large nanocarriers. We focus on molecular aspects of the process, including an overview of potential molecular targets for studies of drug delivery vectors and for future solutions allowing targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Kaźmierczak
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kamila Szostak-Paluch
- Research and Development Center, Regional Specialized Hospital, Wrocław, Poland; Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Fundamental Technical Problems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Przybyło
- Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Fundamental Technical Problems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wrocław, Poland; Lipid Systems sp z o.o., Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Langner
- Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Fundamental Technical Problems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wrocław, Poland; Lipid Systems sp z o.o., Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wojciech Witkiewicz
- Research and Development Center, Regional Specialized Hospital, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland; Research and Development Center, Regional Specialized Hospital, Wrocław, Poland.
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13
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Antibody-Drug Conjugates and Targeted Treatment Strategies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Drug-Delivery Perspective. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122861. [PMID: 32575828 PMCID: PMC7356544 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased understanding of cancer biology, pharmacology and drug delivery has provided a new framework for drug discovery and product development that relies on the unique expression of specific macromolecules (i.e., antigens) on the surface of tumour cells. This has enabled the development of anti-cancer treatments that combine the selectivity of antibodies with the efficacy of highly potent chemotherapeutic small molecules, called antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). ADCs are composed of a cytotoxic drug covalently linked to an antibody which then selectively binds to a highly expressed antigen on a cancer cell; the conjugate is then internalized by the cell where it releases the potent cytotoxic drug and efficiently kills the tumour cell. There are, however, many challenges in the development of ADCs, mainly around optimizing the therapeutic/safety benefits. These challenges are discussed in this review; they include issues with the plasma stability and half-life of the ADC, its transport from blood into and distribution throughout the tumour compartment, cancer cell antigen expression and the ADC binding affinity to the target antigen, the cell internalization process, cleaving of the cytotoxic drug from the ADC, and the cytotoxic effect of the drug on the target cells. Finally, we present a summary of some of the experimental ADC strategies used in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, from the recent literature.
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14
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Jones S, King PJ, Antonescu CN, Sugiyama MG, Bhamra A, Surinova S, Angelopoulos N, Kragh M, Pedersen MW, Hartley JA, Futter CE, Hochhauser D. Targeting of EGFR by a combination of antibodies mediates unconventional EGFR trafficking and degradation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:663. [PMID: 31959764 PMCID: PMC6970994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody combinations targeting cell surface receptors are a new modality of cancer therapy. The trafficking and signalling mechanisms regulated by such therapeutics are not fully understood but could underlie differential tumour responses. We explored EGFR trafficking upon treatment with the antibody combination Sym004 which has shown promise clinically. Sym004 promoted EGFR endocytosis distinctly from EGF: it was asynchronous, not accompanied by canonical signalling events and involved EGFR clustering within detergent-insoluble plasma mebrane-associated tubules. Sym004 induced lysosomal degradation independently of EGFR ubiquitylation but dependent upon Hrs/Tsg101 that are required for the formation of intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) within late endosomes. We propose Sym004 cross-links EGFR physically triggering EGFR endocytosis and incorporation onto ILVs and so Sym004 sensitivity correlates with EGFR numbers available for binding, rather than specific signalling events. Consistently Sym004 efficacy and potentiation of cisplatin responses correlated with EGFR surface expression in head and neck cancer cells. These findings will have implications in understanding the mode of action of this new class of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Jones
- Cancer Research UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Peter J King
- Cancer Research UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | | | | | - Amandeep Bhamra
- Proteomics Research Core Facility, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Silvia Surinova
- Proteomics Research Core Facility, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nicos Angelopoulos
- Proteomics Research Core Facility, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - John A Hartley
- Cancer Research UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Clare E Futter
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Daniel Hochhauser
- Cancer Research UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
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15
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Leve F, Bonfim DP, Fontes G, Morgado-Díaz JA. Gold nanoparticles regulate tight junctions and improve cetuximab effect in colon cancer cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:1565-1578. [PMID: 31215349 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Colon cancer (CC) is the second cause of cancer death worldwide. The use of nanoparticles for drug delivery has been increasing in cancer clinical trials over recent years. Materials & methods: We evaluated cytotoxicity of citrate-capped gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and the role they play on cell-cell adhesion. We also used GNP for delivery of cetuximab into different CC cell lines. Results: CC cells with well-formed tight junctions impair GNP uptake. Noncytotoxic concentration of GNP increases paracellular permeability in Caco-2 cells in a reversible way, concomitantly to tight junctions proteins CLDN1 and ZO-1 redistribution. GNP functionalized with cetuximab increases death of invasive HCT-116 CC cells. Conclusion: GNP can be used for drug delivery and can improve efficiency of CC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Leve
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory (Labio), Division of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences (Dimav), National Institute of Metrology Quality & Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Daniella P Bonfim
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory (Labio), Division of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences (Dimav), National Institute of Metrology Quality & Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Giselle Fontes
- Cellular & Molecular Oncobiology Program, National Institute of Cancer (INCa), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José A Morgado-Díaz
- Microscopy Applied to Life Sciences Laboratory (Lamav), Division of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences (Dimav), National Institute of Metrology Quality & Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
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16
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Hartimath SV, Alizadeh E, Solomon VR, Chekol R, Bernhard W, Hill W, Parada AC, Barreto K, Geyer CR, Fonge H. Preclinical Evaluation of 111In-Labeled PEGylated Maytansine Nimotuzumab Drug Conjugates in EGFR-Positive Cancer Models. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:1103-1110. [PMID: 30655327 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.220095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor I (EGFR) is overexpressed in most cancers of epithelial origin. Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) with PEGylated-maytansine (PEG-DM1) show promise in vitro and in vivo. However, in vivo biodistribution data for ADCs with PEG-DM1 have not been reported. Development of methods to understand the real-time in vivo behavior of these ADCs is needed to move these compounds to the clinic. Methods: Here we have used noninvasive small-animal SPECT/CT imaging and ex vivo biodistribution to understand the in vivo behavior of PEG6-DM1 ADCs. We developed nimotuzumab ADCs conjugated to PEG6-DM1. We generated immunoconjugates with low (nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-Low) and high (nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-High) drug-to-antibody ratios. The drug-to-antibody of nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-Low and nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-High was 3.5 and 7.3, respectively. Quality control was performed using ultraviolet spectrophotometry, size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography, bioanalyzer, biolayer interferometry, and flow cytometry in EGFR-positive DLD-1 cells. These immunoconjugates were conjugated with DOTA and radiolabeled with 111In. The in vitro binding and internalization rates of 111In-nimotuzumab, 111In-nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-Low, and 111In-nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-High were characterized. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and imaging characteristics were evaluated in normal and DLD-1 tumor-bearing mice. Results: Flow cytometry and biolayer interferometry showed a trend toward decreasing EGFR affinity with increasing number of PEG6-DM1 on the antibody. Despite the lower overall cellular binding of the PEG6-DM1 radioimmunoconjugates, internalization was higher for PEG6-DM1 ADCs than for the non-PEGylated ADC in the following order: 111In-nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-High > 111In-nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-Low > 111In-nimotuzumab. Nuclear uptake of 111In-nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-High was 4.4-fold higher than 111In-nimotuzumab. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution showed that 111In-nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-High had the slowest blood and whole-body clearance rate. Uptake in DLD-1 tumors of 111In-nimotuzumab was similar to 111In-nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-Low but was significantly higher than for 111In-nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-High. Tumor-to-background ratios for 111In-nimotuzumab and 111In-nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-Low were higher than for 111In-nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-High. Conclusion: The results show that conjugation of multiple PEG6-DM1 reduces the affinity for EGFR in vitro. However, the reduced affinity is counteracted by the high internalization rate of constructs with PEG6-DM1 ADCs in vitro. The decreased affinity resulted in low tumor uptake of 111In-nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-High, with a slow overall whole-body clearance rate. These data provide insights for evaluating the pharmacokinetics and normal -tissue toxicity and in determining dosing rate of PEGylated ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddesh V Hartimath
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon SK, Canada
| | - Elahe Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon SK, Canada
| | - Viswas Raja Solomon
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon SK, Canada
| | - Rufael Chekol
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon SK, Canada
| | - Wendy Bernhard
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon SK, Canada
| | - Wayne Hill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon SK, Canada
| | | | - Kris Barreto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon SK, Canada
| | - Clarence Ronald Geyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon SK, Canada
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon SK, Canada .,Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital (RUH), Saskatoon SK, Canada
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17
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Porębska N, Latko M, Kucińska M, Zakrzewska M, Otlewski J, Opaliński Ł. Targeting Cellular Trafficking of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors as a Strategy for Selective Cancer Treatment. J Clin Med 2018; 8:jcm8010007. [PMID: 30577533 PMCID: PMC6352210 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) in response to fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) transmit signals across the cell membrane, regulating important cellular processes, like differentiation, division, motility, and death. The aberrant activity of FGFRs is often observed in various diseases, especially in cancer. The uncontrolled FGFRs' function may result from their overproduction, activating mutations, or generation of FGFRs' fusion proteins. Besides their typical subcellular localization on the cell surface, FGFRs are often found inside the cells, in the nucleus and mitochondria. The intracellular pool of FGFRs utilizes different mechanisms to facilitate cancer cell survival and expansion. In this review, we summarize the current stage of knowledge about the role of FGFRs in oncogenic processes. We focused on the mechanisms of FGFRs' cellular trafficking-internalization, nuclear translocation, and mitochondrial targeting, as well as their role in carcinogenesis. The subcellular sorting of FGFRs constitutes an attractive target for anti-cancer therapies. The blocking of FGFRs' nuclear and mitochondrial translocation can lead to the inhibition of cancer invasion. Moreover, the endocytosis of FGFRs can serve as a tool for the efficient and highly selective delivery of drugs into cancer cells overproducing these receptors. Here, we provide up to date examples how the cellular sorting of FGFRs can be hijacked for selective cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Porębska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Latko
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Marika Kucińska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Zakrzewska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Opaliński
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
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18
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Matsumae Y, Takahashi Y, Shiku H, Matsue T. Quantitative Real‐Time Monitoring of Antibody‐Induced Internalization of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor on Single Living Mammalian Cells Using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiharu Matsumae
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University, Sendai Miyagi 980-8579 Japan
- Current address: Department of Chemistry & Biotechnology Yokohama National University 240-8501 Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yasufumi Takahashi
- Advanced Institute for Material Research (AIMR) Tohoku University, Sendai Miyagi 980-8576 Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology Japan Science and Technology Agency Saitama 332-0012 Japan
- Current address: Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Kanazawa University 920-1192 Japan
- Current address: Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI) Kanazawa University 920-1192 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University, Sendai Miyagi 980-8579 Japan
- Current address: Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Sendai 980-8579 Japan
| | - Tomokazu Matsue
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University, Sendai Miyagi 980-8579 Japan
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19
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Ge Y, Zhong Y, Ji G, Lu Q, Dai X, Guo Z, Zhang P, Peng G, Zhang K, Li Y. Preparation and characterization of Fe3O4@Au-C225 composite targeted nanoparticles for MRI of human glioma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195703. [PMID: 29652919 PMCID: PMC5898739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the characterization of Fe3O4@Au-C225 composite targeted MNPs. Methods Fe3O4@Au-C225 was prepared by the absorption method. The immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate its absorption efficiency at C225 Fc. ZETA SIZER3000 laser particle size analyzer, ultraviolet photometer and its characteristics were analyzed by VSM. the targeting effect of Fe3O4@Au-C225 composite targeted MNPs on U251 cells in vitro were detected by 7.0 Tesla Micro-MR; and subcutaneous transplanted human glioma in nude mice were performed the targeting effect in vivo after tail vein injection of Fe3O4@Au-C225 composite targeted MNPs by MRI. Results The self-prepared Fe3O4@Au composite MNPs can adsorb C225 with high efficiency of adsorption so that Fe3O4@Au-C225 composite targeted MNPs were prepared successfully. Fe3O4@Au-C225 composite targeted MNPs favorably targeted human glioma cell line U251 in vitro; Fe3O4@Au-C225 composite targeted MNPs have good targeting ability to xenografted glioma on nude mice in vivo, and can be traced by MRI. Conclusion The Fe3O4@Au-C225 composite targeted MNPs have the potential to be used as a tracer for glioma in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoqi Ge
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuejiao Zhong
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guozhong Ji
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qianling Lu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinyu Dai
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhirui Guo
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Peng
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kangzhen Zhang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuntao Li
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail:
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20
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Kol A, Terwisscha van Scheltinga A, Pool M, Gerdes C, de Vries E, de Jong S. ADCC responses and blocking of EGFR-mediated signaling and cell growth by combining the anti-EGFR antibodies imgatuzumab and cetuximab in NSCLC cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:45432-45446. [PMID: 28467975 PMCID: PMC5542198 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Imgatuzumab is a novel glycoengineered anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody optimized to induce both antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and EGFR signal transduction inhibition. We investigated anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies imgatuzumab and cetuximab–induced internalization and membranous turnover of EGFR, and whether this affected imgatuzumab–mediated ADCC responses and growth inhibition of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. In a panel of wild-type EGFR expressing human NSCLC cell lines, membranous and total EGFR levels were downregulated more effectively by imgatuzumab when compared with cetuximab. Imgatuzumab plus cetuximab enhanced EGFR internalization and reduced membranous turnover of EGFR, resulting in an even stronger downregulation of EGFR. Immunofluorescent analysis showed that combined treatment increased clustering of receptor-antibody complexes and directed internalized EGFR to lysosomes. The antibody combination potently inhibited intracellular signaling and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-dependent cell proliferation. More importantly, robust EGFR downregulation after 72 hours with the antibody combination did not impair ADCC responses. In conclusion, imgatuzumab plus cetuximab leads to a strong downregulation of EGFR and superior cell growth inhibition in vitro without affecting antibody-induced ADCC responses. These findings support further clinical exploration of the antibody combination in EGFR wild-type NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan Kol
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Terwisscha van Scheltinga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Pool
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Gerdes
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zürich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth de Vries
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Steven de Jong
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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21
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Ménard L, Floc'h N, Martin MJ, Cross DAE. Reactivation of Mutant-EGFR Degradation through Clathrin Inhibition Overcomes Resistance to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Cancer Res 2018; 78:3267-3279. [PMID: 29555874 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) targeting mutant EGFR in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been successful to control cancer growth, but acquired resistance inevitably occurs, including mutations directly on EGFR, for example, T790M and C797S. Strategies to prevent such acquired mutations by reducing mutant-EGFR expression have met limited success. Here, we propose a new model of mutant-EGFR trafficking and demonstrate that clathrin inhibition induces rapid degradation across a large panel of endogenous mutant-EGFR (Ex19del, L858R, and Ex20Ins). This panel included mutant-EGFR (T790M) resistant to the first- and second-generation EGFR inhibitors and to the third-generation TKI osimertinib and occurs through both mutational (C797S) and nonmutational EGFR mechanisms. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis inhibition of mutant EGFR induced a macropinocytosis-dependent lysosomal pathway associated with a loss of mutant-EGFR-dependent signaling (pAKT, pERK). Moreover, induction of this macropinocytic pathway led to robust apoptosis-dependent death across all mutant-EGFR cell lines tested, including those resistant to TKIs. We, therefore, propose a novel strategy to target mutant-EGFR refractory to approved existing TKI treatments in NSCLC and where new treatment strategies remain a key area of unmet need.Significance: These findings extend our mechanistic understanding of NSCLC mutant EGFR trafficking biology, the role that trafficking may play in resistance of mutant EGFR to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and provide new therapeutic and biological insights to tackle this fundamental issue and improve benefit to patients. Cancer Res; 78(12); 3267-79. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Ménard
- IMED Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.
| | - Nicolas Floc'h
- IMED Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Martin
- IMED Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Darren A E Cross
- IMED Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.
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22
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Zhou H, Wang H, Yu G, Wang Z, Zheng X, Duan H, Sun J. Synergistic inhibitory effects of an engineered antibody-like molecule ATF-Fc and trastuzumab on tumor growth and invasion in a human breast cancer xenograft mouse model. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5189-5196. [PMID: 29113154 PMCID: PMC5656026 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of the oncogene human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) has been associated with decreased disease-free survival and is a marker of poor prognosis of invasive breast cancer. Although the high efficacy of trastuzumab, a drug that targets the HER-2 oncogene, has been widely recognized, the efficiency of the treatment remains at ~30%. Therefore, novel effective treatments are required for patients with recurrent metastatic breast cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of an engineered antibody-like molecule administered alone or in combination with trastuzumab on the tumor growth and metastasis of HER-2-positive breast cancer. Another aim was to investigate novel cancer therapies for HER-2-positive breast cancer. The engineered antibody-like molecule consists of the amino-terminal fragment (ATF) of human urokinase-type plasminogen (uPA) and is conjugated with the Fc fragment of human immunoglobulin G1 (ATF-Fc). The anti-cancer effect of ATF-Fc (alone and in combination with trastuzumab) on tumor cells and in a nude mouse tumor model was evaluated by detecting the expression of uPA, urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) and HER-2. In vitro experiments demonstrated that specifically blocking the uPA-uPAR and HER-2 signaling pathways may effectively promote the apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Additionally, ATF-Fc-induced cell death in HER-2-positive breast cancer cells was observed in vivo. When ATF-Fc was administered in combination with trastuzumab, cell death was increased and breast cancer metastasis was reduced. The novel engineered antibody-like molecule ATF-Fc was able to inhibit HER-2-positive breast cancer cell growth and metastasis by interfering with uPA and its receptor (uPA-uPAR) system. Additionally, the antibody-like molecule exhibits a synergistic inhibitory effect when administered in combination with trastuzumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Guangyuan Yu
- Department of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Xi Zheng
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Duan
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Junzhong Sun
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
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23
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Wierzbicki M, Jaworski S, Kutwin M, Grodzik M, Strojny B, Kurantowicz N, Zdunek K, Chodun R, Chwalibog A, Sawosz E. Diamond, graphite, and graphene oxide nanoparticles decrease migration and invasiveness in glioblastoma cell lines by impairing extracellular adhesion. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:7241-7254. [PMID: 29042773 PMCID: PMC5634373 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s146193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly invasive nature of glioblastoma is one of the most significant problems regarding the treatment of this tumor. Diamond nanoparticles (ND), graphite nanoparticles (NG), and graphene oxide nanoplatelets (nGO) have been explored for their biomedical applications, especially for drug delivery. The objective of this research was to assess changes in the adhesion, migration, and invasiveness of two glioblastoma cell lines, U87 and U118, after ND, NG, and nGO treatment. All treatments affected the cell surface structure, adhesion-dependent EGFR/AKT/mTOR, and β-catenin signaling pathways, decreasing the migration and invasiveness of both glioblastoma cell lines. The examined nanoparticles did not show strong toxicity but effectively deregulated cell migration. ND was effectively taken up by cells, whereas nGO and NG strongly interacted with the cell surface. These results indicate that nanoparticles could be used in biomedical applications as a low toxicity active compound for glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Kutwin
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Science
| | - Marta Grodzik
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Science
| | - Barbara Strojny
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Science
| | | | - Krzysztof Zdunek
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Chodun
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - André Chwalibog
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ewa Sawosz
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Science
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24
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Malik P, Phipps C, Edginton A, Blay J. Pharmacokinetic Considerations for Antibody-Drug Conjugates against Cancer. Pharm Res 2017; 34:2579-2595. [PMID: 28924691 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are ushering in the next era of targeted therapy against cancer. An ADC for cancer therapy consists of a potent cytotoxic payload that is attached to a tumour-targeted antibody by a chemical linker, usually with an average drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) of 3.5-4. The theory is to deliver potent cytotoxic payloads directly to tumour cells while sparing healthy cells. However, practical application has proven to be more difficult. At present there are only two ADCs approved for clinical use. Nevertheless, in the last decade there has been an explosion of options for ADC engineering to optimize target selection, Fc receptor interactions, linker, payload and more. Evaluation of these strategies requires an understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of ADC pharmacokinetics. Development of ADCs for use in cancer further requires an understanding of tumour properties and kinetics within the tumour environment, and how the presence of cancer as a disease will impact distribution and elimination. Key pharmacokinetic considerations for the successful design and clinical application of ADCs in oncology are explored in this review, with a focus on the mechanistic determinants of distribution and elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Malik
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 10A Victoria St South, Kitchener, Ontario, N2G 1C5, Canada
| | - Colin Phipps
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 10A Victoria St South, Kitchener, Ontario, N2G 1C5, Canada.,DMPK & Translational Modeling, Abbvie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA
| | - Andrea Edginton
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 10A Victoria St South, Kitchener, Ontario, N2G 1C5, Canada.
| | - Jonathan Blay
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 10A Victoria St South, Kitchener, Ontario, N2G 1C5, Canada
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25
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Müller-Greven G, Carlin CR, Burgett ME, Ahluwalia MS, Lauko A, Nowacki AS, Herting CJ, Qadan MA, Bredel M, Toms SA, Lathia JD, Hambardzumyan D, Sarkaria JN, Hamerlik P, Gladson CL. Macropinocytosis of Bevacizumab by Glioblastoma Cells in the Perivascular Niche Affects their Survival. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:7059-7071. [PMID: 28912141 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody to VEGF, is used routinely in the treatment of patients with recurrent glioblastoma (GBM). However, very little is known regarding the effects of bevacizumab on the cells in the perivascular space in tumors.Experimental Design: Established orthotopic xenograft and syngeneic models of GBM were used to determine entry of monoclonal anti-VEGF-A into, and uptake by cells in, the perivascular space. Based on the results, we examined CD133+ cells derived from GBM tumors in vitro Bevacizumab internalization, trafficking, and effects on cell survival were analyzed using multilabel confocal microscopy, immunoblotting, and cytotoxicity assays in the presence/absence of inhibitors.Results: In the GBM mouse models, administered anti-mouse-VEGF-A entered the perivascular tumor niche and was internalized by Sox2+/CD44+ tumor cells. In the perivascular tumor cells, bevacizumab was detected in the recycling compartment or the lysosomes, and increased autophagy was found. Bevacizumab was internalized rapidly by CD133+/Sox2+-GBM cells in vitro through macropinocytosis with a fraction being trafficked to a recycling compartment, independent of FcRn, and a fraction to lysosomes. Bevacizumab treatment of CD133+ GBM cells depleted VEGF-A and induced autophagy thereby improving cell survival. An inhibitor of lysosomal acidification decreased bevacizumab-induced autophagy and increased cell death. Inhibition of macropinocytosis increased cell death, suggesting macropinocytosis of bevacizumab promotes CD133+ cell survival.Conclusions: We demonstrate that bevacizumab is internalized by Sox2+/CD44+-GBM tumor cells residing in the perivascular tumor niche. Macropinocytosis of bevacizumab and trafficking to the lysosomes promotes CD133+ cell survival, as does the autophagy induced by bevacizumab depletion of VEGF-A. Clin Cancer Res; 23(22); 7059-71. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Müller-Greven
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| | - Cathleen R Carlin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Monica E Burgett
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| | - Manmeet S Ahluwalia
- Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Adam Lauko
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Amy S Nowacki
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Cameron J Herting
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Maha A Qadan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| | - Markus Bredel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Steven A Toms
- Department of Neurosurgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Geisinger, Pennsylvania
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Petra Hamerlik
- Brain Tumor Biology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Candece L Gladson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. .,Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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26
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Opaliński Ł, Sokołowska-Wędzina A, Szczepara M, Zakrzewska M, Otlewski J. Antibody-induced dimerization of FGFR1 promotes receptor endocytosis independently of its kinase activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7121. [PMID: 28769084 PMCID: PMC5540934 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07479-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their plasma membrane-localized receptors (FGFRs) play a key role in the regulation of developmental processes and metabolism. Aberrant FGFR signaling is associated with the progression of serious metabolic diseases and human cancer. Binding of FGFs to FGFRs induces receptor dimerization and transphosphorylation of FGFR kinase domains that triggers activation of intracellular signaling pathways. Following activation, FGFRs undergo internalization and subsequent lysosomal degradation, which terminates transmission of signals. Although factors that regulate FGFR endocytosis are continuously discovered, little is known about the molecular mechanism that initiates the internalization of FGFRs. Here, we analyzed the internalization of antibody fragments in various formats that target FGFR1. We show that FGFR1-specific antibody fragments in the monovalent scFv format bind to FGFR1, but are not internalized into cells that overproduce FGFR1. In contrast, the same scFv proteins in the bivalent scFv-Fc format are efficiently internalized via FGFR1-mediated, clathrin and dynamin dependent endocytosis. Interestingly, the receptor tyrosine kinase activity is dispensable for endocytosis of scFv-Fc-FGFR1 complexes, suggesting that only dimerization of receptor is required to trigger endocytosis of FGFR1 complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Opaliński
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Sokołowska-Wędzina
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Szczepara
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zakrzewska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland.
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27
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Okada Y, Kimura T, Nakagawa T, Okamoto K, Fukuya A, Goji T, Fujimoto S, Sogabe M, Miyamoto H, Muguruma N, Tsuji Y, Okahisa T, Takayama T. EGFR Downregulation after Anti-EGFR Therapy Predicts the Antitumor Effect in Colorectal Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:1445-1454. [PMID: 28698359 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Anti-EGFR mAb is reported to induce EGFR internalization in colorectal cancer cells. However, the biological relevance of EGFR internalization with anti-EGFR mAb is unknown. Therefore, the relevance of EGFR downregulation with anti-EGFR mAb to antitumor activity in colorectal cancer cells was investigated. Quantification of EGFR on the cell surface before cetuximab treatment was assessed by flow cytometry, and its growth-inhibitory effects were measured by Trypan blue exclusion, in 10 RAS, BRAF wild-type colorectal cancer cell lines, but there was no significant correlation between EGFR number and its growth-inhibitory effect. However, a significant correlation existed between the percentage decrease in the number of EGFRs after cetuximab treatment and its growth-inhibitory effect in those cell lines. Treatment with TGFα, a ligand for EGFR, induced EGFR internalization in colorectal cancer cells, but most EGFRs subsequently recycled to the cell surface, consistent with previous studies. While cetuximab treatment induced EGFR internalization, most receptors subsequently translocated into the late endosome, leading to lysosomal degradation, as revealed by immunoblotting and double immunofluorescence. Cetuximab-sensitive colorectal cancer cells showed greater EGFR internalization, stronger cell growth inhibition, and more augmented apoptotic signals than nonsensitive cells. IHC for EGFR, performed using an EGFR pharmDx Kit (mouse anti-human EGFR mAb clone 2-18C9), in clinical specimens before and after anti-EGFR mAb therapy in 13 colorectal cancer patients showed a significant correlation between the response to anti-EGFR mAb and decreased staining after therapy.Implications: This report clearly demonstrates that anti-EGFR mAb facilitates internalization and subsequent degradation of EGFRs in lysosomes, which is an important determinant of the efficacy of anti-EGFR mAb treatment for colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 15(10); 1445-54. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tadahiko Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akira Fukuya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takahiro Goji
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shota Fujimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sogabe
- Department of General Medicine and Community Health Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Naoki Muguruma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasushi Tsuji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tonan Hospital, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiya Okahisa
- Department of General Medicine and Community Health Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Takayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
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28
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Ha KD, Bidlingmaier SM, Liu B. Macropinocytosis Exploitation by Cancers and Cancer Therapeutics. Front Physiol 2016; 7:381. [PMID: 27672367 PMCID: PMC5018483 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macropinocytosis has long been known as a primary method for cellular intake of fluid-phase and membrane-bound bulk cargo. This review seeks to re-examine the latest studies to emphasize how cancers exploit macropinocytosis to further their tumorigenesis, including details in how macropinocytosis can be adapted to serve diverse functions. Furthermore, this review will also cover the latest endeavors in targeting macropinocytosis as an avenue for novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Ha
- Department of Anesthesia, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scott M Bidlingmaier
- Department of Anesthesia, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
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29
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Szymanska M, Fosdahl AM, Nikolaysen F, Pedersen MW, Grandal MM, Stang E, Bertelsen V. A combination of two antibodies recognizing non-overlapping epitopes of HER2 induces kinase activity-dependent internalization of HER2. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1999-2011. [PMID: 27469139 PMCID: PMC5020627 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/ErbB2) is overexpressed in a number of human cancers. HER2 is the preferred heterodimerization partner for other epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family members and is considered to be resistant to endocytic down-regulation, properties which both contribute to the high oncogenic potential of HER2. Antibodies targeting members of the EGFR family are powerful tools in cancer treatment and can function by blocking ligand binding, preventing receptor dimerization, inhibiting receptor activation and/or inducing receptor internalization and degradation. With respect to antibody-induced endocytosis of HER2, various results are reported, and the effect seems to depend on the HER2 expression level and whether antibodies are given as individual antibodies or as mixtures of two or more. In this study, the effect of a mixture of two monoclonal antibodies against non-overlapping epitopes of HER2 was investigated with respect to localization and stability of HER2. Individual antibodies had limited effect, but the combination of antibodies induced internalization and degradation of HER2 by multiple endocytic pathways. In addition, HER2 was phosphorylated and ubiquitinated upon incubation with the antibody combination, and the HER2 kinase activity was found to be instrumental in antibody-induced HER2 down-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Szymanska
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne M Fosdahl
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Filip Nikolaysen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Espen Stang
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vibeke Bertelsen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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30
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Xu S. Internalization, Trafficking, Intracellular Processing and Actions of Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Pharm Res 2015; 32:3577-83. [PMID: 26108878 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review discusses the molecular mechanism involved in the targeting and delivery of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), the new class of biopharmaceuticals mainly designed for targeted cancer therapy. METHODS this review goes over major progress in preclinical and clinical studies of ADCs, in the past 5 years. RESULTS The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ADCs involve multiple mechanisms, including internalization of ADCs by target cells, intracellular trafficking, release of conjugated drugs, and payload. CONCLUSION These mechanisms actually jointly determine the efficacy of ADCs. Therefore, the optimization of ADCs should take them as necessary rationales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Xu
- Scientific Development Manager, Discovery Biology, GenScript USA Inc., 860 Centennial Ave., Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA.
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31
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Delaney C, Frank S, Huang RS. Pharmacogenomics of EGFR-targeted therapies in non-small cell lung cancer: EGFR and beyond. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2015; 34:149-60. [PMID: 25962919 PMCID: PMC4593375 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-015-0007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Commonly observed aberrations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling have led to the development of EGFR-targeted therapies for various cancers, including non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EGFR mutations and overexpression have further been shown to modulate sensitivity to these EGFR-targeted therapies in NSCLC and several other types of cancers. However, it is clear that mutations and/or genetic variations in EGFR alone cannot explain all of the variability in the responses of patients with NSCLC to EGFR-targeted therapies. For instance, in addition to EGFR genotype, genetic variations in other members of the signaling pathway downstream of EGFR or variations in parallel receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) pathways are now recognized to have a significant impact on the efficacy of certain EGFR-targeted therapies. In this review, we highlight the mutations and genetic variations in such genes downstream of EGFR and in parallel RTK pathways. Specifically, the directional effects of these pharmacogenetic factors are discussed with a focus on two commonly prescribed EGFR inhibitors: cetuximab and erlotinib. The results of this comprehensive review can be used to optimize the treatment of NSCLC with EGFR inhibitors. Furthermore, they may provide the rationale for the design of subsequent combination therapies that involve the inhibition of EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Delaney
- Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Samuel Frank
- Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - R Stephanie Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 900 E 57th street, KCBD room 7148, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA. .,The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P. R. China.
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32
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Bertelsen V, Stang E. The Mysterious Ways of ErbB2/HER2 Trafficking. MEMBRANES 2014; 4:424-46. [PMID: 25102001 PMCID: PMC4194043 DOI: 10.3390/membranes4030424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The EGFR- or ErbB-family of receptor tyrosine kinases consists of EGFR/ErbB1, ErbB2/HER2, ErbB3/HER3 and ErbB4/HER4. Receptor activation and downstream signaling are generally initiated upon ligand-induced receptor homo- or heterodimerization at the plasma membrane, and endocytosis and intracellular membrane transport are crucial for regulation of the signaling outcome. Among the receptors, ErbB2 is special in several ways. Unlike the others, ErbB2 has no known ligand, but is still the favored dimerization partner. Furthermore, while the other receptors are down-regulated either constitutively or upon ligand-binding, ErbB2 is resistant to down-regulation, and also inhibits down-regulation of its partner upon heterodimerization. The reason(s) why ErbB2 is resistant to down-regulation are the subject of debate. Contrary to other ErbB-proteins, mature ErbB2 needs Hsp90 as chaperone. Several data suggest that Hsp90 is an important regulator of factors like ErbB2 stability, dimerization and/or signaling. Hsp90 inhibitors induce degradation of ErbB2, but whether Hsp90 directly makes ErbB2 endocytosis resistant is unclear. Exposure to anti-ErbB2 antibodies can also induce down-regulation of ErbB2. Down-regulation induced by Hsp90 inhibitors or antibodies does at least partly involve internalization and endosomal sorting to lysosomes for degradation, but also retrograde trafficking to the nucleus has been reported. In this review, we will discuss different molecular mechanisms suggested to be important for making ErbB2 resistant to down-regulation, and review how membrane trafficking is involved when down-regulation and/or relocalization of ErbB2 is induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke Bertelsen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Post Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Espen Stang
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Post Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
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33
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Eke I, Ingargiola M, Förster C, Kunz-Schughart LA, Baumann M, Runge R, Freudenberg R, Kotzerke J, Heldt JM, Pietzsch HJ, Steinbach J, Cordes N. Cytotoxic properties of radionuclide-conjugated Cetuximab without and in combination with external irradiation in head and neck cancer cells in vitro. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 90:678-86. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.899446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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34
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Tomas A, Futter CE, Eden ER. EGF receptor trafficking: consequences for signaling and cancer. Trends Cell Biol 2013; 24:26-34. [PMID: 24295852 PMCID: PMC3884125 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 565] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
EGF receptor endocytic traffic can regulate signaling and cell survival. Signaling from activated EGFR occurs at the endosome as well as the cell surface. Endocytosis can have positive and negative effects on signaling and tumorigenesis. EGFR traffic promoted by antineoplastic therapy is important in tumor resistance.
The ligand-stimulated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been extensively studied in the analysis of molecular mechanisms regulating endocytic traffic and the role of that traffic in signal transduction. Although such studies have largely focused on mitogenic signaling and dysregulated traffic in tumorigenesis, there is growing interest in the potential role of EGFR traffic in cell survival and the consequent response to cancer therapy. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of molecular mechanisms regulating ligand-stimulated EGFR activation, internalization, and post-endocytic sorting. The role of EGFR overexpression/mutation and new modulators of EGFR traffic in cancer and the response to cancer therapeutics are also discussed. Finally, we speculate on the relationship between EGFR traffic and cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Tomas
- University College London (UCL) Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Clare E Futter
- University College London (UCL) Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Emily R Eden
- University College London (UCL) Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.
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35
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Heukers R, Vermeulen JF, Fereidouni F, Bader AN, Voortman J, Roovers RC, Gerritsen HC, van Bergen En Henegouwen PMP. Endocytosis of EGFR requires its kinase activity and N-terminal transmembrane dimerization motif. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:4900-12. [PMID: 23943881 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.128611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
EGFR signaling is attenuated by endocytosis and degradation of receptor-ligand complexes in lysosomes. Endocytosis of EGFR is known to be regulated by multiple post-translational modifications. The observation that prevention of these modifications does not block endocytosis completely, suggests the involvement of other mechanism(s). Recently, receptor clustering has been suggested to induce internalization of multiple types of membrane receptors. However, the mechanism of clustering-induced internalization remains unknown. We have used biparatopic antibody fragments from llama (VHHs) to induce EGFR clustering without stimulating tyrosine kinase activity. Using this approach, we have found an essential role for the N-terminal GG4-like dimerization motif in the transmembrane domain (TMD) for clustering-induced internalization. Moreover, conventional EGF-induced receptor internalization depends exclusively on this TMD dimerization and kinase activity. Mutations in this dimerization motif eventually lead to reduced EGFR degradation and sustained signaling. We propose a novel role for the TMD dimerization motif in the negative-feedback control of EGFR. The widely conserved nature of GG4-like dimerization motifs in transmembrane proteins suggests a general role for these motifs in clustering-induced internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimond Heukers
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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36
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Hu Y, Chen Y, Lin M, Lee K, Mott RA, Ma JX. Pathogenic role of the Wnt signaling pathway activation in laser-induced choroidal neovascularization. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54:141-54. [PMID: 23211829 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-10281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a severe complication of AMD. The Wnt signaling pathway has been shown to mediate angiogenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pathogenic role of the Wnt pathway in CNV and explore the therapeutic potential of a novel Wnt signaling inhibitor in CNV. METHODS Adult rats and mice were photocoagulated using diode laser to induce CNV. On the same day, the animals were intravitreally injected with a monoclonal antibody (Mab2F1) blocking LRP6 or nonspecific mouse IgG. The Wnt signaling activation and target gene expression in the eyecup were determined by Western blot analysis. Fundus angiography was used to examine leakage from the laser lesion. CNV areas were measured on choroidal flatmount using FITC-dextran. RESULTS Levels of Wnt pathway components and Wnt target gene expression were elevated in both laser-induced CNV rat and mouse eyecups, suggesting activation of the Wnt pathway. Significant suppression of Wnt signaling was observed in the Mab2F1 treatment group. Mab2F1 decreased vascular leakage from CNV lesions and reduced the neovascular area in laser-induced CNV rats. Mab2F1 inhibited the hypoxia-induced activation of Wnt signaling in cultured RPE cells. Mab2F1 also ameliorated retinal inflammation and vascular leakage in the eyecups of very low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice, a model of subretinal neovascularization. CONCLUSIONS The Wnt pathway is activated in the laser-induced CNV models and plays a pathogenic role in CNV. Blockade of Wnt signaling using an anti-LRP6 antibody has therapeutic potential in CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma, Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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