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Juncker T, Richert L, Masson M, Zuber G, Chatton B, Donzeau M. Tracing endogenous proteins in living cells through electrotransfer of mRNA encoding chromobodies. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300548. [PMID: 38404052 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Chromobodies made of nanobodies fused to fluorescent proteins are powerful tools for targeting and tracing intracellular proteins in living cells. Typically, this is achieved by transfecting plasmids encoding the chromobodies. However, an excess of unbound chromobody relative to the endogenous antigen can result in high background fluorescence in live cell imaging. Here, we overcome this problem by using mRNA encoding chromobodies. Our approach allows one to precisely control the amount of chromobody expressed inside the cell by adjusting the amount of transfected mRNA. To challenge our method, we evaluate three chromobodies targeting intracellular proteins of different abundance and cellular localization, namely lamin A/C, Dnmt1 and actin. We demonstrate that the expression of chromobodies in living cells by transfection of tuned amounts of the corresponding mRNAs allows the accurate tracking of their cellular targets by time-lapse fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Juncker
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire (BSC), UMR7242, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Ludovic Richert
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, (LBP) UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - Murielle Masson
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire (BSC), UMR7242, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Guy Zuber
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire (BSC), UMR7242, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Bruno Chatton
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire (BSC), UMR7242, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Mariel Donzeau
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire (BSC), UMR7242, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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A Novel Nanobody Precisely Visualizes Phosphorylated Histone H2AX in Living Cancer Cells under Drug-Induced Replication Stress. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133317. [PMID: 34282773 PMCID: PMC8267817 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary γ-H2AX, a phosphorylated variant of histone H2A, is a widely used biomarker of DNA replication stress. To develop an immunological probe able to detect and track γ-H2AX in live cancer cells, we have isolated single domain antibodies (called nanobodies) that are easily expressed as functional recombinant proteins and here we report the extensive characterization of a novel nanobody that specifically recognizes γ-H2AX. The interaction of this nanobody with the C-terminal end of γ-H2AX was determined by X-ray crystallography. Moreover, the generation of a bivalent nanobody allowed us to precisely detect γ-H2AX foci in drug-treated cells as efficiently as with commercially available conventional antibodies. Furthermore, we tracked γ-H2AX foci in live cells upon intracellular delivery of the bivalent nanobody fused to the red fluorescent protein dTomato, making, consequently, this new cost-effective reagent useful for studying drug-induced replication stress in both fixed and living cancer cells. Abstract Histone H2AX phosphorylated at serine 139 (γ-H2AX) is a hallmark of DNA damage, signaling the presence of DNA double-strand breaks and global replication stress in mammalian cells. While γ-H2AX can be visualized with antibodies in fixed cells, its detection in living cells was so far not possible. Here, we used immune libraries and phage display to isolate nanobodies that specifically bind to γ-H2AX. We solved the crystal structure of the most soluble nanobody in complex with the phosphopeptide corresponding to the C-terminus of γ-H2AX and show the atomic constituents behind its specificity. We engineered a bivalent version of this nanobody and show that bivalency is essential to quantitatively visualize γ-H2AX in fixed drug-treated cells. After labelling with a chemical fluorophore, we were able to detect γ-H2AX in a single-step assay with the same sensitivity as with validated antibodies. Moreover, we produced fluorescent nanobody-dTomato fusion proteins and applied a transduction strategy to visualize with precision γ-H2AX foci present in intact living cells following drug treatment. Together, this novel tool allows performing fast screenings of genotoxic drugs and enables to study the dynamics of this particular chromatin modification in individual cancer cells under a variety of conditions.
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3
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Zhu X, Ding R, Wang Z, Wang Y, Guo X, Song Z, Wang Z, Dong M. Recent advances in synthesis and biosensors of two-dimensional MoS 2. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:502004. [PMID: 31505472 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab42fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have attracted tremendous research interests due to their exciting optical properties, large surface area, intercalatable morphologies and excellent electrochemically catalytic activity. Acting as the most typical member in TMDCs family, layer-dependent molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) with particular direct bandgap of 1.8 eV in monolayer has been widely applied in various biosensors with high sensitivity and selectivity. In this review, the preparation methods of MoS2, together with MoS2-based biosensors for detecting cells and biomolecules (such as glucose, DNA and antigens) would be summarized. In addition, the current challenges and future perspectives are outlined for the applications of biosensors based on 2D MoS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Zhu
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
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4
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Chung CI, Sato Y, Ohmuro-Matsuyama Y, Machida S, Kurumizaka H, Kimura H, Ueda H. Intrabody-based FRET probe to visualize endogenous histone acetylation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10188. [PMID: 31308423 PMCID: PMC6629662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46573-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational histone modifications are major regulators of gene expression. However, conventional immunoassays do not provide sufficient information regarding their spatial and temporal dynamic changes. Fluorescence/Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based probes are capable of monitoring the dynamic changes associated with histone modifications in real-time by measuring the balance between histone-modifying enzyme activities. Recently, a genetically encoded histone-modification fluorescent probe using a single-chain variable region (scFv) fragment of a specific antibody was developed. The probe, modification-specific intracellular antibody, is capable of monitoring histone-acetylation levels in both cultured cells and living organisms based on the ratio of fluorescence intensities between the cell nucleus and cytoplasm. In this study, we constructed a FRET probe composed of yellow fluorescent protein attached at the N-terminus of an acetyl H3K9-specific scFv, tethered to a cyan fluorescent protein. When the FRET probe was expressed in human cells, both FRET efficiency and fluorescence intensity in the nucleus increased following histone-deacetylase inhibitor treatment. Using these two parameters, endogenous histone-acetylation levels were quantified over a high dynamic range. This probe provides a simple approach to quantify spatial and temporal dynamic changes in histone acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-I Chung
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Blvd South, San Francisco, 94158, California, USA
| | - Yuko Sato
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohmuro-Matsuyama
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Shinichi Machida
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Science & Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kurumizaka
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Science & Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan.,Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan.
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5
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Ren W, Li Z, Xu Y, Wan D, Barnych B, Li Y, Tu Z, He Q, Fu J, Hammock BD. One-Step Ultrasensitive Bioluminescent Enzyme Immunoassay Based on Nanobody/Nanoluciferase Fusion for Detection of Aflatoxin B 1 in Cereal. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:5221-5229. [PMID: 30883117 PMCID: PMC7792509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoluciferase (Nluc), the smallest luciferase known, was used as the fusion partner with a nanobody against aflatoxin B1 to develop a bioluminescent enzyme immunoassay (BLEIA) for detection of the aflatoxin B1 in cereal. Nanobody (clone G8) against aflatoxin B1 was fused with nanoluciferase and cloned into a pET22b expression vector, and then transformed into Escherichia coli. The nanobody fusion gene contained a hexahistidine tag for purification by immobilized metal affinity chromatography, yielding a biologically active fusion protein. The fusion protein G8-Nluc retained binding properties of the original nanobody. Concentration of the coelenterazine substrate and buffer composition were also optimized to provide high intensity and long half-life of the luminescent signal. The G8-Nluc was used as a detection antibody to establish a competitive bioluminescent ELISA for the detection of aflatoxin B1 in cereals successfully. Compared to classical ELISA, this novel assay showed more than 20-fold improvement in detection sensitivity, with an IC50 value of 0.41 ng/mL and linear range from 0.10 to 1.64 ng/mL. In addition, the entire BLEIA detection procedure can be completed in one step within 2 h, from sample preparation to data analysis. These results suggest that nanobody fragments fused with nanoluciferase might serve as useful and highly sensitive dual functional reagents for the development of rapid and highly sensitive immunoanalytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Ren
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, and Sino–German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Zhenfeng Li
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Yang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, and Sino–German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
- Corresponding author (Tel: +86-791-88329479; Fax: +86-791-88333708; ), (Tel: 5307520492; Fax: 5307521537; )
| | - Debin Wan
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Bogdan Barnych
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Yanping Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, and Sino–German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Zhui Tu
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, and Sino–German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Qinghua He
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, and Sino–German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jinheng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, and Sino–German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616
- Corresponding author (Tel: +86-791-88329479; Fax: +86-791-88333708; ), (Tel: 5307520492; Fax: 5307521537; )
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Abstract
Multi-colour super-resolution localization microscopy is an efficient technique to study a variety of intracellular processes, including protein-protein interactions. This technique requires specific labels that display transition between fluorescent and non-fluorescent states under given conditions. For the most commonly used label types, photoactivatable fluorescent proteins and organic fluorophores, these conditions are different, making experiments that combine both labels difficult. Here, we demonstrate that changing the standard imaging buffer of thiols/oxygen scavenging system, used for organic fluorophores, to the commercial mounting medium Vectashield increased the number of photons emitted by the fluorescent protein mEos2 and enhanced the photoconversion rate between its green and red forms. In addition, the photophysical properties of organic fluorophores remained unaltered with respect to the standard imaging buffer. The use of Vectashield together with our optimized protocol for correction of sample drift and chromatic aberrations enabled us to perform two-colour 3D super-resolution imaging of the nucleolus and resolve its three compartments.
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7
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Conic S, Desplancq D, Ferrand A, Fischer V, Heyer V, Reina San Martin B, Pontabry J, Oulad-Abdelghani M, Babu N K, Wright GD, Molina N, Weiss E, Tora L. Imaging of native transcription factors and histone phosphorylation at high resolution in live cells. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:1537-1552. [PMID: 29440513 PMCID: PMC5881509 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201709153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Conic et al. introduce a versatile antibody-based imaging approach to track endogenous nuclear factors in living cells. It allows efficient intracellular delivery of any fluorescent dye–conjugated antibody, or Fab fragment, into a variety of cell types. The dynamics of nuclear targets or posttranslational modifications can be monitored with high precision using confocal and super-resolution microscopy. Fluorescent labeling of endogenous proteins for live-cell imaging without exogenous expression of tagged proteins or genetic manipulations has not been routinely possible. We describe a simple versatile antibody-based imaging approach (VANIMA) for the precise localization and tracking of endogenous nuclear factors. Our protocol can be implemented in every laboratory allowing the efficient and nonharmful delivery of organic dye-conjugated antibodies, or antibody fragments, into different metazoan cell types. Live-cell imaging permits following the labeled probes bound to their endogenous targets. By using conventional and super-resolution imaging we show dynamic changes in the distribution of several nuclear transcription factors (i.e., RNA polymerase II or TAF10), and specific phosphorylated histones (γH2AX), upon distinct biological stimuli at the nanometer scale. Hence, considering the large panel of available antibodies and the simplicity of their implementation, VANIMA can be used to uncover novel biological information based on the dynamic behavior of transcription factors or posttranslational modifications in the nucleus of single live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Conic
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Alexia Ferrand
- Imaging Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Veronique Fischer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Vincent Heyer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Bernardo Reina San Martin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Julien Pontabry
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells, München, Germany
| | - Mustapha Oulad-Abdelghani
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Kishore Babu N
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | - Nacho Molina
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Etienne Weiss
- Institut de Recherche de l'ESBS, UMR 7242, Illkirch, France
| | - László Tora
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France .,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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8
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Zhang JF, Xiong HL, Cao JL, Wang SJ, Guo XR, Lin BY, Zhang Y, Zhao JH, Wang YB, Zhang TY, Yuan Q, Zhang J, Xia NS. A cell-penetrating whole molecule antibody targeting intracellular HBx suppresses hepatitis B virus via TRIM21-dependent pathway. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:549-562. [PMID: 29290826 PMCID: PMC5743566 DOI: 10.7150/thno.20047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) mostly targeting extracellular or cell surface molecules have been widely used in the treatment of various diseases. However, mAbs cannot pass through the cell membrane as efficiently as small compounds, thus limiting their use against intracellular targets. Methods to shuttle antibodies into living cells may largely expand research and application in areas based on mAbs. Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) is an important intracellular multi-functional viral protein in the life cycle of hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBx plays essential roles in virus infection and replication and is strongly associated with HBV-related carcinogenesis. Methods: In this study, we developed a cell-penetrating whole molecule antibody targeting HBx (9D11-Tat) by the fusion of a cell penetrating peptide (CPP) on the C-terminus of the heavy chain of a potent mAb specific to HBx (9D11). The anti-HBV effect and mechanism of 9D11-Tat were investigated in cell and mouse models mimicking chronic HBV infection. Results: Our results demonstrated that the recombinant 9D11-Tat antibody could efficiently internalize into living cells and significantly suppress viral transcription, replication, and protein production both in vitro and in vivo. Further analyses suggested the internalized 9D11-Tat antibody could greatly reduce intracellular HBx via Fc binding receptor TRIM21-mediated protein degradation. This process simultaneously stimulated the activations of NF-κB, AP-1, and IFN-β, which promoted an antiviral state of the host cell. Conclusion: In summary, our study offers a new approach to target intracellular pathogenesis-related protein by engineered cell-penetrating mAb expanding their potential for therapeutic applications. Moreover, the 9D11-Tat antibody may provide a novel therapeutic agent against human chronic HBV infection.
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Goicochea NL, Garnovskaya M, Blanton MG, Chan G, Weisbart R, Lilly MB. Development of cell-penetrating bispecific antibodies targeting the N-terminal domain of androgen receptor for prostate cancer therapy†. Protein Eng Des Sel 2017; 30:785-793. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzx058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy L Goicochea
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas St., Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Maria Garnovskaya
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas St., Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Mary G Blanton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas St., Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, 16111 Plummer St., Sepulveda, CA 91343, USA
| | - Richard Weisbart
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, 16111 Plummer St., Sepulveda, CA 91343, USA
| | - Michael B Lilly
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas St., Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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10
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Wongso D, Dong J, Ueda H, Kitaguchi T. Flashbody: A Next Generation Fluobody with Fluorescence Intensity Enhanced by Antigen Binding. Anal Chem 2017; 89:6719-6725. [PMID: 28534613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes are valuable tools for visualizing the spatiotemporal dynamics of molecules in living cells. Here we developed a genetically encoded antibody probe with antigen-dependent fluorescence intensity called "Flashbody". We first created a fusion of EGFP to the single chain variable region fragment (scFv) of antibody against seven amino acids of the bone Gla protein C-terminus (BGPC7) called BGP Fluobody, which successfully showed the intracellular localization of BGPC7-tagged protein. To generate BGP Flashbody, circularly permuted GFP was inserted in between two variable region fragments, and the linkers were optimized, resulting in fluorescence intensity increase of 300% upon binding with BGPC7 in a dose-dependent manner. Live-cell imaging using BGP Flashbody showed that BGPC7 fused with cell penetrating peptide was able to enter through the plasma membrane by forming a nucleation zone, while it penetrated the nuclear membrane with different mechanism. The construction of Flashbody will be possible for a range of antibody fragments and opens up new possibilities for visualizing a myriad of molecules of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devina Wongso
- Cell Signaling Group, Waseda Bioscience Research Institute in Singapore (WABIOS) , 11 Biopolis Way #05-02 Helios, Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - Jinhua Dong
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259-R1-18, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259-R1-18, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kitaguchi
- Cell Signaling Group, Waseda Bioscience Research Institute in Singapore (WABIOS) , 11 Biopolis Way #05-02 Helios, Singapore 138667, Singapore.,Comprehensive Research Organization, Waseda University , #304, Block 120-4, 513 Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
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11
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Abstract
Ectopically expressed intracellular recombinant antibodies, or intrabodies, are powerful tools to visualize proteins and study their function in fixed or living cells. However, many intrabodies are insoluble and aggregate in the reducing environment of the cytosol. To solve this problem, we describe an approach based on GFP-tagged intrabodies. In this protocol, the GFP is used both as a folding-reporter to select correctly folded intrabodies and as a fluorescent tag to localize the scFv and its associated antigen in eukaryotic cells. Starting from a scFv gene cloned in a retroviral vector, we describe retrovirus production, cell line transduction, and soluble intrabody characterization by microscopy and FACS analysis.
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12
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Desplancq D, Freund G, Conic S, Sibler AP, Didier P, Stoessel A, Oulad-Abdelghani M, Vigneron M, Wagner J, Mély Y, Chatton B, Tora L, Weiss E. Targeting the replisome with transduced monoclonal antibodies triggers lethal DNA replication stress in cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2016; 342:145-58. [PMID: 26968636 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although chemical inhibition of the DNA damage response (DDR) in cancer cells triggers cell death, it is not clear if the fork blockade achieved with inhibitors that neutralise proteins of the replisome is sufficient on its own to overcome the DDR. Monoclonal antibodies to PCNA, which block the DNA elongation process in vitro, have been developed. When these antibodies were transduced into cancer cells, they are able to inhibit the incorporation of nucleoside analogues. When co-delivered with anti-PCNA siRNA, the cells were flattened and the size of their nuclei increased by up to 3-fold, prior to cell death. Analysis of these nuclei by super-resolution microscopy revealed the presence of large numbers of phosphorylated histone H2AX foci. A senescence-like phenotype of the transduced cells was also observed upon delivery of the corresponding Fab molecules or following PCNA gene disruption or when the Fab fragment of an antibody that neutralises DNA polymerase alpha was used. Primary melanoma cells and leukaemia cells that are resistant to chemical inhibitors were similarly affected by these antibody treatments. These results demonstrate that transduced antibodies can trigger a lethal DNA replication stress, which kills cancer cells by abolishing the biological activity of several constituents of the replisome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Desplancq
- Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, UMR 7242, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Guillaume Freund
- Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, UMR 7242, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Sascha Conic
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7104, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, INSERM U964, rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Annie-Paule Sibler
- Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, UMR 7242, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Pascal Didier
- Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 7213, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Audrey Stoessel
- Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, UMR 7242, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Mustapha Oulad-Abdelghani
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7104, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, INSERM U964, rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Marc Vigneron
- Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, UMR 7242, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Jérôme Wagner
- Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, UMR 7242, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Yves Mély
- Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 7213, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Bruno Chatton
- Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, UMR 7242, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Laszlo Tora
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7104, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, INSERM U964, rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Etienne Weiss
- Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, UMR 7242, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France.
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Clinicopathologic features and prognostic implications of Gankyrin protein expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2015; 211:939-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Marschall ALJ, Dübel S, Böldicke T. Specific in vivo knockdown of protein function by intrabodies. MAbs 2015; 7:1010-35. [PMID: 26252565 PMCID: PMC4966517 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1076601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular antibodies (intrabodies) are recombinant antibody fragments that bind to target proteins expressed inside of the same living cell producing the antibodies. The molecules are commonly used to study the function of the target proteins (i.e., their antigens). The intrabody technology is an attractive alternative to the generation of gene-targeted knockout animals, and complements knockdown techniques such as RNAi, miRNA and small molecule inhibitors, by-passing various limitations and disadvantages of these methods. The advantages of intrabodies include very high specificity for the target, the possibility to knock down several protein isoforms by one intrabody and targeting of specific splice variants or even post-translational modifications. Different types of intrabodies must be designed to target proteins at different locations, typically either in the cytoplasm, in the nucleus or in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Most straightforward is the use of intrabodies retained in the ER (ER intrabodies) to knock down the function of proteins passing the ER, which disturbs the function of members of the membrane or plasma proteomes. More effort is needed to functionally knock down cytoplasmic or nuclear proteins because in this case antibodies need to provide an inhibitory effect and must be able to fold in the reducing milieu of the cytoplasm. In this review, we present a broad overview of intrabody technology, as well as applications both of ER and cytoplasmic intrabodies, which have yielded valuable insights in the biology of many targets relevant for drug development, including α-synuclein, TAU, BCR-ABL, ErbB-2, EGFR, HIV gp120, CCR5, IL-2, IL-6, β-amyloid protein and p75NTR. Strategies for the generation of intrabodies and various designs of their applications are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea LJ Marschall
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics; Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Dübel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics; Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Böldicke
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Recombinant Protein Expression/Intrabody Unit, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Braunschweig, Germany
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15
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Richert L, Didier P, de Rocquigny H, Mély Y. Monitoring HIV-1 Protein Oligomerization by FLIM FRET Microscopy. SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-14929-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Robin G, Sato Y, Desplancq D, Rochel N, Weiss E, Martineau P. Restricted Diversity of Antigen Binding Residues of Antibodies Revealed by Computational Alanine Scanning of 227 Antibody–Antigen Complexes. J Mol Biol 2014; 426:3729-3743. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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17
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Freund G, Desplancq D, Stoessel A, Weinsanto R, Sibler AP, Robin G, Martineau P, Didier P, Wagner J, Weiss E. Generation of an intrabody-based reagent suitable for imaging endogenous proliferating cell nuclear antigen in living cancer cells. J Mol Recognit 2014; 27:549-58. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Freund
- Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, UMR 7242; CNRS/Université de Strasbourg; Boulevard Sébastien Brant Illkirch France
| | - Dominique Desplancq
- Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, UMR 7242; CNRS/Université de Strasbourg; Boulevard Sébastien Brant Illkirch France
| | - Audrey Stoessel
- Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, UMR 7242; CNRS/Université de Strasbourg; Boulevard Sébastien Brant Illkirch France
| | - Robin Weinsanto
- Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, UMR 7242; CNRS/Université de Strasbourg; Boulevard Sébastien Brant Illkirch France
| | - Annie-Paule Sibler
- Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, UMR 7242; CNRS/Université de Strasbourg; Boulevard Sébastien Brant Illkirch France
| | - Gautier Robin
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, U896; INSERM/Université Montpellier 1; Campus Val d'Aurelle Montpellier France
| | - Pierre Martineau
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, U896; INSERM/Université Montpellier 1; Campus Val d'Aurelle Montpellier France
| | - Pascal Didier
- Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 7213; CNRS/Université de Strasbourg; Route du Rhin Illkirch France
| | - Jérôme Wagner
- Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, UMR 7242; CNRS/Université de Strasbourg; Boulevard Sébastien Brant Illkirch France
| | - Etienne Weiss
- Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, UMR 7242; CNRS/Université de Strasbourg; Boulevard Sébastien Brant Illkirch France
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