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Berry CE, Downer M, Morgan AG, Griffin M, Liang NE, Kameni L, Laufey Parker JB, Guo J, Longaker MT, Wan DC. The effects of mechanical force on fibroblast behavior in cutaneous injury. Front Surg 2023; 10:1167067. [PMID: 37143767 PMCID: PMC10151708 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1167067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing results in the formation of scar tissue which can be associated with functional impairment, psychological stress, and significant socioeconomic cost which exceeds 20 billion dollars annually in the United States alone. Pathologic scarring is often associated with exaggerated action of fibroblasts and subsequent excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins which results in fibrotic thickening of the dermis. In skin wounds, fibroblasts transition to myofibroblasts which contract the wound and contribute to remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Mechanical stress on wounds has long been clinically observed to result in increased pathologic scar formation, and studies over the past decade have begun to uncover the cellular mechanisms that underly this phenomenon. In this article, we will review the investigations which have identified proteins involved in mechano-sensing, such as focal adhesion kinase, as well as other important pathway components that relay the transcriptional effects of mechanical forces, such as RhoA/ROCK, the hippo pathway, YAP/TAZ, and Piezo1. Additionally, we will discuss findings in animal models which show the inhibition of these pathways to promote wound healing, reduce contracture, mitigate scar formation, and restore normal extracellular matrix architecture. Recent advances in single cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics and the resulting ability to further characterize mechanoresponsive fibroblast subpopulations and the genes that define them will be summarized. Given the importance of mechanical signaling in scar formation, several clinical treatments focused on reducing tension on the wound have been developed and are described here. Finally, we will look toward future research which may reveal novel cellular pathways and deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of pathologic scarring. The past decade of scientific inquiry has drawn many lines connecting these cellular mechanisms that may lead to a map for the development of transitional treatments for patients on the path to scarless healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E. Berry
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mauricio Downer
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Annah G. Morgan
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Michelle Griffin
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Norah E. Liang
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Lionel Kameni
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer B. Laufey Parker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jason Guo
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Michael T. Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Derrick C. Wan
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Correspondence: Derrick C. Wan
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2
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Partain BD, Zhang Q, Unni M, Aldrich J, Rinaldi-Ramos CM, Narayanan S, Allen KD. Spatially-resolved nanometer-scale measurement of cartilage extracellular matrix mobility. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:1351-1361. [PMID: 34052396 PMCID: PMC8543368 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tissues have complex structures, comprised of solid and fluid phases. Improved understanding of interactions between joint fluid and extracellular matrix (ECM) is required in models of cartilage mechanics. X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) directly measures nanometer-scale dynamics and can provide insight into biofluid-biosolid interactions in cartilage. This study applies XPCS to evaluate dynamic interactions between intact cartilage and biofluids. DESIGN Cartilage biopsies were collected from bovine femoral condyles. During XPCS measurements, cartilage samples were exposed to different fluids: deionized water, PBS, synovial fluid, or sonicated synovial fluid. ECM-biofluid interactions were also assessed at different length scales and different depths from the cartilage surface. RESULTS Using XPCS, cartilage ECM mobility was detected at length scales from 50 to 207 nm. As length scale decreased, time scale for autocorrelation decay decreased, suggesting smaller ECM components are more mobile. ECM dynamics were slowed by dehydrating the sample, demonstrating XPCS assesses matrix mobility in hydrated environments. At all length scales, the matrix was more mobile in deionized water and slowest in synovial fluid. Using the 207 nm length scale assessment, ECM dynamics in synovial fluid were fastest at the cartilage surface and progressively slowed as depth into the sample increased, demonstrating XPCS can assess spatial distribution of ECM dynamics. Finally, ECM mobility increased for degraded synovial fluid. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the potential of XPCS to provide unique insights into nanometer-scale cartilage ECM mobility in a spatially resolved manner and illustrates the importance of biosolid-biofluid interactions in dictating ECM dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Partain
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Q Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - M Unni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - J Aldrich
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - C M Rinaldi-Ramos
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - S Narayanan
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - K D Allen
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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3
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Nagakawa Y, Kato M, Suye SI, Fujita S. Fabrication of tough, anisotropic, chemical-crosslinker-free poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibrous cryogels via electrospinning. RSC Adv 2020; 10:38045-38054. [PMID: 35515152 PMCID: PMC9057196 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07322a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PVA hydrogels with anisotropic structures have many biomedical applications; however, the hydrophilicity of PVA nanofibers degrades their mechanical properties, and the residual unreacted chemical crosslinkers are disadvantageous for medical use. Therefore, maintaining the stability of aqueous solutions without using crosslinkers is essential while synthesizing electrospun anisotropic PVA nanofibers. Herein, we developed a novel fabrication method for synthesizing tough, anisotropic, and chemical-crosslinker-free nanofibrous cryogels composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and glycerol (Gly) via electrospinning in conjunction with freeze-thawing treatment. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction, attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry analysis revealed an enhanced crystallinity of the PVA and hydrogen bonds in the PVA/Gly nanofibers after freeze-thawing, thereby leading to improved stability of the PVA/Gly nanofiber in water. The scanning electron microscopy observation and tensile tests revealed that the addition of Gly improved both the orientation and the mechanical properties. The values of the toughness parallel and vertical to the fiber axis direction were 4.20 ± 0.63 MPa and 2.17 ± 0.27 MPa, respectively, thus revealing the anisotropy of this mechanical property. The PVA/Gly nanofibrous cryogel consisted of physically crosslinked biocompatible materials featuring toughness and mechanical anisotropy, which are favorable for medical applications including tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyasu Nagakawa
- Biotechnology Group, Tokyo Metropolitan Industrial Technology Research Institute 2-4-10, Aomi Koto-ku Tokyo 135-0064 Japan.,Department of Frontier Fiber Technology and Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering University of Fukui 3-9-1, Bunkyo Fukui 910-8507 Japan
| | - Mikiya Kato
- Department of Frontier Fiber Technology and Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering University of Fukui 3-9-1, Bunkyo Fukui 910-8507 Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Suye
- Department of Frontier Fiber Technology and Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering University of Fukui 3-9-1, Bunkyo Fukui 910-8507 Japan .,Life Science Innovation Center, University of Fukui 3-9-1, Bunkyo Fukui 910-8507 Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Department of Frontier Fiber Technology and Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering University of Fukui 3-9-1, Bunkyo Fukui 910-8507 Japan .,Life Science Innovation Center, University of Fukui 3-9-1, Bunkyo Fukui 910-8507 Japan
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4
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Maruri DP, Miron-Mendoza M, Kivanany PB, Hack JM, Schmidtke DW, Petroll WM, Varner VD. ECM Stiffness Controls the Activation and Contractility of Corneal Keratocytes in Response to TGF-β1. Biophys J 2020; 119:1865-1877. [PMID: 33080219 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
After surgery or traumatic injury, corneal wound healing can cause a scarring response that stiffens the tissue and impairs ocular function. This fibrosis is caused in part by the activation of corneal keratocytes from a native mechanically quiescent state to an activated myofibroblastic state. This transformation is tied to signaling downstream of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Here, to better understand how biochemical and biophysical cues interact to regulate keratocyte activation and contractility, we cultured primary rabbit corneal keratocytes on flexible substrata of varying stiffness in the presence (or absence) of TGF-β1. Time-lapse fluorescence microscopy was used to assess changes in keratocyte morphology, as well as to quantify the dynamic traction stresses exerted by cells under different experimental conditions. In other experiments, keratocytes were fixed after 5 days of culture and stained for markers of both contractility and myofibroblastic activation. Treatment with TGF-β1 elicited distinct phenotypes on substrata of different stiffnesses. Cells on soft (1 kPa) gels formed fewer stress fibers and retained a more dendritic morphology, indicative of a quiescent keratocyte phenotype. Keratocytes cultured on stiff (10 kPa) gels or collagen-coated glass coverslips, however, had broad morphologies, formed abundant stress fibers, exhibited greater levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, and exerted larger traction forces. Confocal images of phospho-myosin light chain (pMLC) immunofluorescence, moreover, revealed stiffness-dependent differences in the subcellular distribution of actomyosin contractility, with pMLC localized at the tips of thin cellular processes in mechanically quiescent cells. Importantly, keratocytes cultured in the absence of TGF-β1 showed no stiffness-dependent differences in α-SMA immunofluorescence, suggesting that a stiff microenvironment alone is insufficient to induce myofibroblastic activation. Taken together, these data suggest that changes in ECM stiffness can modulate the morphology, cytoskeletal organization, and subcellular pattern of force generation in corneal keratocytes treated with TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Maruri
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Miguel Miron-Mendoza
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Pouriska B Kivanany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Joshua M Hack
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - David W Schmidtke
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas; Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - W Matthew Petroll
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Victor D Varner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas; Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
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5
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Song H, Cai GH, Liang J, Ao DS, Wang H, Yang ZH. Three-dimensional culture and clinical drug responses of a highly metastatic human ovarian cancer HO-8910PM cells in nanofibrous microenvironments of three hydrogel biomaterials. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:90. [PMID: 32527266 PMCID: PMC7291456 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00646-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is a highly aggressive malignant disease in gynecologic cancer. It is an urgent task to develop three-dimensional (3D) cell models in vitro and dissect the cell progression-related drug resistance mechanisms in vivo. In the present study, RADA16-I peptide has the reticulated nanofiber scaffold networks in hydrogel, which is utilized to develop robust 3D cell culture of a high metastatic human ovarian cancer HO-8910PM cell line accompanied with the counterparts of Matrigel and collagen I. Results Consequently, HO-8910PM cells were successfully cultivated in three types of hydrogel biomaterials, such as RADA16-I hydrogel, Matrigel, and collagen I, according to 3D cell culture protocols. Designer RADA16-I peptide had well-defined nanofiber networks architecture in hydrogel, which provided nanofiber cell microenvironments analogous to Matrigel and collagen I. 3D-cultured HO-8910PM cells in RADA16-I hydrogel, Matrigel, and collagen I showed viable cell proliferation, proper cell growth, and diverse cell shapes in morphology at the desired time points. For a long 3D cell culture period, HO-8910PM cells showed distinct cell aggregate growth patterns in RADA16-I hydrogel, Matrigel, and collagen I, such as cell aggregates, cell colonies, cell clusters, cell strips, and multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS). The cell distribution and alignment were described vigorously. Moreover, the molecular expression of integrin β1, E-cadherin and N-cadherin were quantitatively analyzed in 3D-cultured MCTS of HO-8910PM cells by immunohistochemistry and western blotting assays. The chemosensitivity assay for clinical drug responses in 3D context indicated that HO-8910PM cells in three types of hydrogels showed significantly higher chemoresistance to cisplatin and paclitaxel compared to 2D flat cell culture, including IC50 values and inhibition rates. Conclusion Based on these results, RADA16-I hydrogel is a highly competent, high-profile, and proactive nanofiber scaffold to maintain viable cell proliferation and high cell vitality in 3D cell models, which may be particularly utilized to develop useful clinical drug screening platform in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Song
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, No.201 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Guo-Hui Cai
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, No.201 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Jian Liang
- School of Resources and Environment, ABA Normal University, Shuimo Town, Wenchuan County, Aba Prefecture, Sichuan, 623002, China
| | - Di-Shu Ao
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, No.201 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Huan Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, No.201 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Ze-Hong Yang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, No.17 People's South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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6
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Correa-Gallegos D, Jiang D, Christ S, Ramesh P, Ye H, Wannemacher J, Kalgudde Gopal S, Yu Q, Aichler M, Walch A, Mirastschijski U, Volz T, Rinkevich Y. Patch repair of deep wounds by mobilized fascia. Nature 2019; 576:287-292. [PMID: 31776510 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1794-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mammals form scars to quickly seal wounds and ensure survival by an incompletely understood mechanism1-5. Here we show that skin scars originate from prefabricated matrix in the subcutaneous fascia. Fate mapping and live imaging revealed that fascia fibroblasts rise to the skin surface after wounding, dragging their surrounding extracellular jelly-like matrix, including embedded blood vessels, macrophages and peripheral nerves, to form the provisional matrix. Genetic ablation of fascia fibroblasts prevented matrix from homing into wounds and resulted in defective scars, whereas placing an impermeable film beneath the skin-preventing fascia fibroblasts from migrating upwards-led to chronic open wounds. Thus, fascia contains a specialized prefabricated kit of sentry fibroblasts, embedded within a movable sealant, that preassemble together diverse cell types and matrix components needed to heal wounds. Our findings suggest that chronic and excessive skin wounds may be attributed to the mobility of the fascia matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donovan Correa-Gallegos
- Group Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dongsheng Jiang
- Group Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Christ
- Group Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Pushkar Ramesh
- Group Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Haifeng Ye
- Group Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Juliane Wannemacher
- Group Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Shruthi Kalgudde Gopal
- Group Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Qing Yu
- Group Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michaela Aichler
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Axel Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ursula Mirastschijski
- Mira-Beau Gender Esthetics, Berlin, Germany.,Wound Repair Unit, CBIB, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Thomas Volz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuval Rinkevich
- Group Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany. .,German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.
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7
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Harris MJ, Wirtz D, Wu PH. Dissecting cellular mechanics: Implications for aging, cancer, and immunity. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 93:16-25. [PMID: 30359779 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cells are dynamic structures that must respond to complex physical and chemical signals from their surrounding environment. The cytoskeleton is a key mediator of a cell's response to the signals of both the extracellular matrix and other cells present in the local microenvironment and allows it to tune its own mechanical properties in response to these cues. A growing body of evidence suggests that altered cellular viscoelasticity is a strong indicator of disease state; including cancer, laminopathy (genetic disorders of the nuclear lamina), infection, and aging. Here, we review recent work on the characterization of cell mechanics in disease and discuss the implications of altered viscoelasticity in regulation of immune responses. Finally, we provide an overview of techniques for measuring the mechanical properties of cells deeply embedded within tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Harris
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences - Oncology Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Denis Wirtz
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences - Oncology Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
| | - Pei-Hsun Wu
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences - Oncology Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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8
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Kivanany PB, Grose KC, Tippani M, Su S, Petroll WM. Assessment of Corneal Stromal Remodeling and Regeneration after Photorefractive Keratectomy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12580. [PMID: 30135552 PMCID: PMC6105640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study utilizes high resolution multi-dimensional imaging to identify temporal and spatial changes in cell/extracellular matrix (ECM) patterning mediating cell migration, fibrosis, remodeling and regeneration during wound healing. Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) was performed on rabbits. In some cases, 5([4,6-dichlorotriazin-2yl]-amino)fluorescein (DTAF) was applied immediately after surgery to differentiate native vs. cell-secreted collagen. Corneas were assessed 3–180 days postoperatively using in vivo confocal microscopy, and cell/ECM patterning was evaluated in situ using multiphoton and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging. 7 days post-PRK, migrating fibroblasts below the ablation site were co-aligned with the stromal lamellae. At day 21, randomly patterned myofibroblasts developed on top of the ablation site; whereas cells underneath were elongated, co-aligned with collagen, and lacked stress fibers. Over time, fibrotic tissue was remodeled into more transparent stromal lamellae. By day 180, stromal thickness was almost completely restored. Stromal regrowth occurred primarily below the ablation interface, and was characterized by co-localization of gaps in DTAF labeling with elongated cells and SHG collagen signaling. Punctate F-actin labeling was detected along cells co-aligned with DTAF and non-DTAF labeled collagen, suggesting cell-ECM interactions. Overall, collagen lamellae appear to provide a template for fibroblast patterning during wound healing that mediates stromal repopulation, regeneration and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouriska B Kivanany
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kyle C Grose
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Madhavi Tippani
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shan Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - W Matthew Petroll
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. .,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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9
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Wakuda Y, Nishimoto S, Suye SI, Fujita S. Native collagen hydrogel nanofibres with anisotropic structure using core-shell electrospinning. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6248. [PMID: 29674743 PMCID: PMC5908855 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24700-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen hydrogel is a popular extracellular matrix (ECM) material in regenerative medicine and has an isotropic structure. In contrast, native ECM has an anisotropic structure. Electrospinning of collagen dissolved in organic solvents is widely used for fabricating anisotropic collagen nanofibres; however, such fibres are water-soluble and require cross-linking before use as scaffolds for cell culture. Herein, electrospinning using a core-shell nozzle was employed to spin an aqueous acidic solution of collagen and encapsulate it within a shell of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Subsequently, the core collagen was gelled, and the shell PVP was washed away using a basic ethanol solution to yield anisotropic collagen hydrogel nanofibres. Immunostaining and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the obtained fibres were composed of collagen, and surface PVP was removed completely. Circular dichroism measurements confirmed that the fibres exhibited the triple helical structure characteristic of collagen. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultured on the collagen hydrogel fibres were oriented along the fibre direction. Hence, this method is suitable for fabricating fibrous anisotropic collagen hydrogels without chemical and thermal cross-linking, and can facilitate the development of safe medical materials with anisotropy similar to that of native ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Wakuda
- Department of Frontier Fibre Technology and Science, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
| | - Shohei Nishimoto
- Department of Frontier Fibre Technology and Science, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Suye
- Department of Frontier Fibre Technology and Science, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
- Life Science Innovation Center, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Department of Frontier Fibre Technology and Science, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan.
- Life Science Innovation Center, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan.
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10
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Klein A, Sagi-Assif O, Meshel T, Telerman A, Izraely S, Ben-Menachem S, Bayry J, Marzese DM, Ohe S, Hoon DSB, Erez N, Witz IP. CCR4 is a determinant of melanoma brain metastasis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:31079-31091. [PMID: 28415693 PMCID: PMC5458190 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously identified the chemokine receptor CCR4 as part of the molecular signature of melanoma brain metastasis. The aim of this study was to determine the functional significance of CCR4 in melanoma brain metastasis. We show that CCR4 is more highly expressed by brain metastasizing melanoma cells than by local cutaneous cells from the same melanoma. Moreover, we found that the expression of CCR4 is significantly higher in paired clinical specimens of melanoma metastases than in samples of primary tumors from the same patients. Notably, the expression of the CCR4 ligands, Ccl22 and Ccl17 is upregulated at the earliest stages of brain metastasis, and precedes the infiltration of melanoma cells to the brain. In-vitro, CCL17 induced migration and transendothelial migration of melanoma cells. Functionally, human melanoma cells over-expressing CCR4 were more tumorigenic and produced a higher load of spontaneous brain micrometastasis than control cells. Blocking CCR4 with a small molecule CCR4 antagonist in-vivo, reduced the tumorigenicity and micrometastasis formation of melanoma cells. Taken together, these findings implicate CCR4 as a driver of melanoma brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Klein
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orit Sagi-Assif
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tsipi Meshel
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alona Telerman
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sivan Izraely
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shlomit Ben-Menachem
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- Inserm Unité 1138, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université, Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Diego M Marzese
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Shuichi Ohe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Dave S B Hoon
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Neta Erez
- Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Isaac P Witz
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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11
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Szymańska Z, Cytowski M, Mitchell E, Macnamara CK, Chaplain MAJ. Computational Modelling of Cancer Development and Growth: Modelling at Multiple Scales and Multiscale Modelling. Bull Math Biol 2017. [PMID: 28634857 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-017-0292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present two mathematical models related to different aspects and scales of cancer growth. The first model is a stochastic spatiotemporal model of both a synthetic gene regulatory network (the example of a three-gene repressilator is given) and an actual gene regulatory network, the NF-[Formula: see text]B pathway. The second model is a force-based individual-based model of the development of a solid avascular tumour with specific application to tumour cords, i.e. a mass of cancer cells growing around a central blood vessel. In each case, we compare our computational simulation results with experimental data. In the final discussion section, we outline how to take the work forward through the development of a multiscale model focussed at the cell level. This would incorporate key intracellular signalling pathways associated with cancer within each cell (e.g. p53-Mdm2, NF-[Formula: see text]B) and through the use of high-performance computing be capable of simulating up to [Formula: see text] cells, i.e. the tissue scale. In this way, mathematical models at multiple scales would be combined to formulate a multiscale computational model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Szymańska
- ICM, University of Warsaw, ul. Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Cytowski
- ICM, University of Warsaw, ul. Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elaine Mitchell
- Division of Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK
| | - Cicely K Macnamara
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, Scotland, UK
| | - Mark A J Chaplain
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, Scotland, UK.
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12
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Zhou HY, Cao Y, Wu J, Zhang WS. Role of corneal collagen fibrils in corneal disorders and related pathological conditions. Int J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:803-811. [PMID: 28546941 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.05.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The cornea is a soft tissue located at the front of the eye with the principal function of transmitting and refracting light rays to precisely sense visual information. Corneal shape, refraction, and stromal stiffness are to a large part determined by corneal fibrils, the arrangements of which define the corneal cells and their functional behaviour. However, the modality and alignment of native corneal collagen lamellae are altered in various corneal pathological states such as infection, injury, keratoconus, corneal scar formation, and keratoprosthesis. Furthermore, corneal recuperation after corneal pathological change is dependent on the balance of corneal collagen degradation and contraction. A thorough understanding of the characteristics of corneal collagen is thus necessary to develop viable therapies using the outcome of strategies using engineered corneas. In this review, we discuss the composition and distribution of corneal collagens as well as their degradation and contraction, and address the current status of corneal tissue engineering and the progress of corneal cross-linking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wen-Song Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
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13
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GONZÁLEZ-AVALOS P, MÜRNSEER M, DEEG J, BACHMANN A, SPATZ J, DOOLEY S, EILS R, GLADILIN E. Quantification of substrate and cellular strains in stretchable 3D cell cultures: an experimental and computational framework. J Microsc 2017; 266:115-125. [DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. GONZÁLEZ-AVALOS
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics; German Cancer Research Center; Mathematikon - Berliner Str. 41 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- BioQuant and IPMB; University of Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 267 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Current address: COS; University of Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 230 Germany
| | - M. MÜRNSEER
- Mol. Hepatol., Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim; University of Heidelberg; 68167 Mannheim Germany
| | - J. DEEG
- Max-Planck-Institute for Intelligent Systems; Heisenbergstr. 3 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- Biophysical Chemistry; University of Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - A. BACHMANN
- Mol. Hepatol., Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim; University of Heidelberg; 68167 Mannheim Germany
- Current address: BG Trauma Centre; University of Tübingen; Schnarrenbergstr. 95 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - J. SPATZ
- Max-Planck-Institute for Intelligent Systems; Heisenbergstr. 3 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- Biophysical Chemistry; University of Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - S. DOOLEY
- Mol. Hepatol., Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim; University of Heidelberg; 68167 Mannheim Germany
| | - R. EILS
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics; German Cancer Research Center; Mathematikon - Berliner Str. 41 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- BioQuant and IPMB; University of Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 267 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - E. GLADILIN
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics; German Cancer Research Center; Mathematikon - Berliner Str. 41 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- BioQuant and IPMB; University of Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 267 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Current address: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research; Corrensstrasse 3 06466 Gatersleben Germany
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14
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Kennedy KM, Bhaw-Luximon A, Jhurry D. Cell-matrix mechanical interaction in electrospun polymeric scaffolds for tissue engineering: Implications for scaffold design and performance. Acta Biomater 2017; 50:41-55. [PMID: 28011142 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Engineered scaffolds produced by electrospinning of biodegradable polymers offer a 3D, nanofibrous environment with controllable structural, chemical, and mechanical properties that mimic the extracellular matrix of native tissues and have shown promise for a number of tissue engineering applications. The microscale mechanical interactions between cells and electrospun matrices drive cell behaviors including migration and differentiation that are critical to promote tissue regeneration. Recent developments in understanding these mechanical interactions in electrospun environments are reviewed, with emphasis on how fiber geometry and polymer structure impact on the local mechanical properties of scaffolds, how altering the micromechanics cues cell behaviors, and how, in turn, cellular and extrinsic forces exerted on the matrix mechanically remodel an electrospun scaffold throughout tissue development. Techniques used to measure and visualize these mechanical interactions are described. We provide a critical outlook on technological gaps that must be overcome to advance the ability to design, assess, and manipulate the mechanical environment in electrospun scaffolds toward constructs that may be successfully applied in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Tissue engineering requires design of scaffolds that interact with cells to promote tissue development. Electrospinning is a promising technique for fabricating fibrous, biomimetic scaffolds. Effects of electrospun matrix microstructure and biochemical properties on cell behavior have been extensively reviewed previously; here, we consider cell-matrix interaction from a mechanical perspective. Micromechanical properties as a driver of cell behavior has been well established in planar substrates, but more recently, many studies have provided new insights into mechanical interaction in fibrillar, electrospun environments. This review provides readers with an overview of how electrospun scaffold mechanics and cell behavior work in a dynamic feedback loop to drive tissue development, and discusses opportunities for improved design of mechanical environments that are conducive to tissue development.
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15
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Xin Y, Chai G, Zhang T, Wang X, Qu M, Tan A, Bogari M, Zhu M, Lin L, Hu Q, Liu Y, Zhang Y. Analysis of multiple types of human cells subsequent to bioprinting with electrospraying technology. Biomed Rep 2016; 5:723-730. [PMID: 28105339 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate bioprinting with electrospraying technology using multiple types of human cell suspensions as bio-ink, in order to lay the initial foundations for the application of the bioprinting technology in tissue engineering. In the current study, six types of human cells were selected and cultured, including human fibroblasts, human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs), human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs), adult human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19), human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human gastric epithelial cell line (GES-1). Each cell type was divided into two groups, the experimental and control group. All the experimental group cells were electrosprayed using an electrospraying printer (voltage, 15 kV; flow rate, 150 µl/min) and collected in a petri dish placed 15 cm away from the needle (needle diameter, 0.5 mm). Subsequently, cell viability was detected by flow cytometry with a Live/Dead Viability kit. In addition, the cell morphological characteristics were observed with a phase-contrast microscope after 6 h of culturing in order to obtain adherent cells, while cell proliferation was analyzed using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The control groups, without printing, were subjected to the same procedures as the experimental groups. The results of the cell viability and proliferation assays indicated a statistically significant difference after printing between the experiments and control groups only for the hADSCs (P<0.05); by contrast, no significant difference was observed in cell viability and proliferation for the other five cell types (P>0.05). In addition, there were no observable differences between all experimental and the control groups at any examined time point in the terms of cell morphological characteristics. In conclusion, bioprinting based on electrospraying technology demonstrated no distinct negative effect on cell vitality, proliferation and morphology in the present study, and thus the application of this novel technology to cell printing may provide a promising method in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China; Shanghai Tissue Engineering Key Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China; Shanghai Tissue Engineering Key Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Xiangsheng Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China; Shanghai Tissue Engineering Key Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Miao Qu
- Clinic for Plastic, Hand and Burns Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andy Tan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Melia Bogari
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Qingxi Hu
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China; Shanghai Tissue Engineering Key Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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16
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Haugh MG, Heilshorn SC. Integrating Concepts of Material Mechanics, Ligand Chemistry, Dimensionality and Degradation to Control Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE 2016; 20:171-179. [PMID: 28458610 PMCID: PMC5404745 DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The role of substrate mechanics in guiding mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) fate has been the focus of much research over the last decade. More recently, the complex interplay between substrate mechanics and other material properties such as ligand chemistry and substrate degradability to regulate MSC differentiation has begun to be elucidated. Additionally, there are several changes in the presentation of these material properties as the dimensionality is altered from two- to three-dimensional substrates, which may fundamentally alter our understanding of substrate-induced mechanotransduction processes. In this review, an overview of recent findings that highlight the material properties that are important in guiding MSC fate decisions is presented, with a focus on underlining gaps in our existing knowledge and proposing potential directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Haugh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah C. Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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17
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Elsayad K, Werner S, Gallemí M, Kong J, Sánchez Guajardo ER, Zhang L, Jaillais Y, Greb T, Belkhadir Y. Mapping the subcellular mechanical properties of live cells in tissues with fluorescence emission-Brillouin imaging. Sci Signal 2016; 9:rs5. [PMID: 27382028 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaf6326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrices (ECMs) are central to the advent of multicellular life, and their mechanical properties are modulated by and impinge on intracellular signaling pathways that regulate vital cellular functions. High spatial-resolution mapping of mechanical properties in live cells is, however, extremely challenging. Thus, our understanding of how signaling pathways process physiological signals to generate appropriate mechanical responses is limited. We introduce fluorescence emission-Brillouin scattering imaging (FBi), a method for the parallel and all-optical measurements of mechanical properties and fluorescence at the submicrometer scale in living organisms. Using FBi, we showed that changes in cellular hydrostatic pressure and cytoplasm viscoelasticity modulate the mechanical signatures of plant ECMs. We further established that the measured "stiffness" of plant ECMs is symmetrically patterned in hypocotyl cells undergoing directional growth. Finally, application of this method to Arabidopsis thaliana with photoreceptor mutants revealed that red and far-red light signals are essential modulators of ECM viscoelasticity. By mapping the viscoelastic signatures of a complex ECM, we provide proof of principle for the organism-wide applicability of FBi for measuring the mechanical outputs of intracellular signaling pathways. As such, our work has implications for investigations of mechanosignaling pathways and developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem Elsayad
- Advanced Microscopy Facility, Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Stephanie Werner
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marçal Gallemí
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jixiang Kong
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Lijuan Zhang
- Advanced Microscopy Facility, Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Greb
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Youssef Belkhadir
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.
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18
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Kurniawan NA, Chaudhuri PK, Lim CT. Mechanobiology of cell migration in the context of dynamic two-way cell-matrix interactions. J Biomech 2015; 49:1355-1368. [PMID: 26747513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Migration of cells is integral in various physiological processes in all facets of life. These range from embryonic development, morphogenesis, and wound healing, to disease pathology such as cancer metastasis. While cell migratory behavior has been traditionally studied using simple assays on culture dishes, in recent years it has been increasingly realized that the physical, mechanical, and chemical aspects of the matrix are key determinants of the migration mechanism. In this paper, we will describe the mechanobiological changes that accompany the dynamic cell-matrix interactions during cell migration. Furthermore, we will review what is to date known about how these changes feed back to the dynamics and biomechanical properties of the cell and the matrix. Elucidating the role of these intimate cell-matrix interactions will provide not only a better multi-scale understanding of cell motility in its physiological context, but also a more holistic perspective for designing approaches to regulate cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Kurniawan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Department of Systems Biophysics, FOM Institute AMOLF, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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