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Wang G, Wang C, Zhu P, Tian J, Yang H. The protective mechanism of sevoflurane in pulmonary arterial hypertension via downregulation of TRAF6. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024:117065. [PMID: 39127353 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.117065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an obstructive vasculopathy that, if not promptly treated, culminates in right heart failure. Therefore, pre-clinical studies are needed to support and optimize therapeutic approaches of PAH. Here, we explore a prospective function of sevoflurane in experimental PAH through regulating TRAF6. Monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rats were subjected to sevoflurane inhalation and intratracheal instillation of lentivirus overexpressing TRAF6. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-treated pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were exposed to sevoflurane and genetically manipulated for TRAF6 overexpression. It was found that MCT and PDGF challenge upregulated the levels of TRAF6 in rat lung tissues and PASMCs, but sevoflurane treatment led to reduced TRAF6 expression. Sevoflurane inhalation in MCT-induced rats resulted in alleviative pulmonary vascular remodeling, mitigated right ventricular dysfunction and hypertrophy, improved mitochondrial function and dynamics, and inactivation of NF-κB pathway. In vitro studies confirmed that exposure to sevoflurane repressed PDGF-induced proliferation, migration, and phenotype switching of PASMCs, and suppressed mitochondrial dysfunction and NF-κB activation in PDGF-stimulated PASMCs. The beneficial impact of sevoflurane on pathological changes of lung and cell phenotype of PASMCs were reversed by overexpression of TRAF6. In summary, our study suggested the protective properties of sevoflurane in targeting PAH by downregulating TRAF6 expression, providing a novel avenue for the management of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiaxin Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China.
| | - Haitao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China.
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Hai Z, Wu Y, Ning Z. Salidroside attenuates atrial fibrosis and atrial fibrillation vulnerability induced by angiotensin-II through inhibition of LOXL2-TGF-β1-Smad2/3 pathway. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21220. [PMID: 37920527 PMCID: PMC10618763 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims and objectives Salidroside (SAL), an active component isolated from the Chinese plant Rose Rhodiola, has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, and renal protective properties. Atrial fibrosis developed due to angiotensin II (Ang II) plays a crucial function in developing atrial fibrillation (AF). This research investigates the involvement of SAL in AF, its vulnerability to AF, and Ang II-induced inflammatory atrial fibrosis. Methods Ang II (2 mg/kg/day) was infused underneath the skin into male C57BL/6 mice (8-10 weeks old, n = 40) for four weeks to create the AF model. SAL (50 mg/kg/day) was given intraperitoneally once per day for 28 days. Analyses of morphology, histology, and biochemical were carried out. Transesophageal burst pacing was used in vivo to induce AF. Results Ang II injection increased mice's heart rate and systolic blood pressure (SBP), whereas SAL treatment was significantly reduced. Ang II infusion increased left atrial diameter (LAD) in mice, which was attenuated after SAL treatment. SAL alone did not affect AF inducibility, but SAL therapy markedly decreased Ang II-induced AF inducibility. Additionally, the expression levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were inhibited with SAL therapy in mice. Compared to the Ang II group, Ang II infusion raised malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, but SAL therapy altered all of these effects. SAL treatment significantly reduced LOXL2, TGF-β1, p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 protein expression than the Ang II group mice. Conclusion SAL inhibits atrial fibrosis and potentially attenuates increased susceptibility to AF by suppressing the LOXL2-TGF-β1-Smad2/3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Hai
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yingbiao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Zhoupu Hospital (Zhoupu Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Medical College of Health), No.1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Zhongping Ning
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Zhoupu Hospital (Zhoupu Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Medical College of Health), No.1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201318, China
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Sung HY, Lee S, Han M, An WJ, Ryu H, Kang E, Park YS, Lee SE, Ahn C, Oh KH, Park SK, Ahn JH. Epigenome-wide association study of diabetic chronic kidney disease progression in the Korean population: the KNOW-CKD study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8175. [PMID: 37210443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35485-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the etiology of diabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD) is multifactorial, studies on DNA methylation for kidney function deterioration have rarely been performed despite the need for an epigenetic approach. Therefore, this study aimed to identify epigenetic markers associated with CKD progression based on the decline in the estimated glomerular filtration rate in diabetic CKD in Korea. An epigenome-wide association study was performed using whole blood samples from 180 CKD recruited from the KNOW-CKD cohort. Pyrosequencing was also performed on 133 CKD participants as an external replication analysis. Functional analyses, including the analysis of disease-gene networks, reactome pathways, and protein-protein interaction networks, were conducted to identify the biological mechanisms of CpG sites. A phenome-wide association study was performed to determine the associations between CpG sites and other phenotypes. Two epigenetic markers, cg10297223 on AGTR1 and cg02990553 on KRT28 indicated a potential association with diabetic CKD progression. Based on the functional analyses, other phenotypes (blood pressure and cardiac arrhythmia for AGTR1) and biological pathways (keratinization and cornified envelope for KRT28) related to CKD were also identified. This study suggests a potential association between the cg10297223 and cg02990553 and the progression of diabetic CKD in Koreans. Nevertheless, further validation is needed through additional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Youn Sung
- Department of Biochemistry, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, 25 Magokdong‑ro 2‑gil, Gangseo‑gu, Seoul, 07804, South Korea
| | - Sangjun Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Miyeun Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo Ju An
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunjin Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjeong Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Seek Park
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Curie Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kook-Hwan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sue K Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jung-Hyuck Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, 25 Magokdong‑ro 2‑gil, Gangseo‑gu, Seoul, 07804, South Korea.
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Desantis V, Potenza MA, Sgarra L, Nacci C, Scaringella A, Cicco S, Solimando AG, Vacca A, Montagnani M. microRNAs as Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction and Therapeutic Target in the Pathogenesis of Atrial Fibrillation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065307. [PMID: 36982382 PMCID: PMC10049145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation (AF) may involve atrial fibrosis/remodeling and dysfunctional endothelial activities. Despite the currently available treatment approaches, the progression of AF, its recurrence rate, and the high mortality risk of related complications underlay the need for more advanced prognostic and therapeutic strategies. There is increasing attention on the molecular mechanisms controlling AF onset and progression points to the complex cell to cell interplay that triggers fibroblasts, immune cells and myofibroblasts, enhancing atrial fibrosis. In this scenario, endothelial cell dysfunction (ED) might play an unexpected but significant role. microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In the cardiovascular compartment, both free circulating and exosomal miRNAs entail the control of plaque formation, lipid metabolism, inflammation and angiogenesis, cardiomyocyte growth and contractility, and even the maintenance of cardiac rhythm. Abnormal miRNAs levels may indicate the activation state of circulating cells, and thus represent a specific read-out of cardiac tissue changes. Although several unresolved questions still limit their clinical use, the ease of accessibility in biofluids and their prognostic and diagnostic properties make them novel and attractive biomarker candidates in AF. This article summarizes the most recent features of AF associated with miRNAs and relates them to potentially underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Desantis
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Pharmacology Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.D.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Maria Assunta Potenza
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Pharmacology Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.D.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Luca Sgarra
- General Hospital “F. Miulli” Acquaviva delle Fonti, 70021 Bari, Italy
| | - Carmela Nacci
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Pharmacology Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonietta Scaringella
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Pharmacology Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Cicco
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Unit of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Unit of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Unit of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Monica Montagnani
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Pharmacology Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Cong X, Tian B, Zhu X, Zhang X, Gu W, Zhao H, Hao S, Ning Z. Interleukin-11 Is Elevated in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation, Correlates with Serum Fibrosis Markers, and Represents a Therapeutic Target for Atrial Fibrosis. Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 52:575-586. [PMID: 36599329 DOI: 10.1159/000527740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammatory cytokines are closely associated with developing cardiac fibrosis. This research aimed to explore the significant role of IL-11 in atrial fibrosis progression and potential therapeutic targets. METHODS 207 AF patients and 160 healthy subjects were included in the case-control study. Blood samples were analyzed for the level of IL-11 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Angiotensin II (Ang II)-treated fibrosis mouse models were generated, and expression of IL-11 mRNA and protein was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. IL-11 antagonist was used to evaluating atrial fibrosis-related markers. RESULTS The persistent atrial fibrillation patients (n = 76) had significantly larger left atrial size, higher serum levels of hypertrophic protein BNP, proinflammatory cytokine high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) compared to paroxysmal atrial fibrillation patients (n = 131), and healthy subjects (all p < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlation between serum IL-11 and cardiac fibrosis markers BNP (r = 0.394, p < 0.001), CTX-I (r = 0.418, p < 0.001), PICP (r = 0.306, p < 0.001), PIIINP (r = 0.335, p < 0.001), and TGF-β1 (r = 0.273, p < 0.001). In the fibrosis mouse model, Ang II infusion significantly upregulated IL-11 mRNA and protein expression in the left atrium of mice (p < 0.05), as well as staining intensity of Masson trichrome, the intensity of α-SMA, and it increased mRNA expression of collagen I and III in atrial tissue. IL-11 antagonist treatment significantly attenuated Masson trichrome, number of α-SMA-positive myofibroblasts in atrial tissue. Also, it significantly reduced the p-ERK1/2 in atrial tissue of mice infused with Ang II (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS IL-11 is upregulated in the serum of AF patients, and IL-11 inhibitor significantly inhibited Ang II-induced atrial fibrosis, a key pathological feature of AF. Therefore, IL-11 could be a potential therapeutic target for AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Cong
- Department of Cardiology, Zhoupu Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Health Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Zhoupu Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Health Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhoupu Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Health Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhoupu Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Health Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhoupu Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Health Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanjun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhoupu Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Health Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuwen Hao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhoupu Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Health Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongping Ning
- Department of Cardiology, Zhoupu Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Health Medical College, Shanghai, China
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Wang L, Li H, Zhang W, Ren M, Shao M, Wang J. AGTR1 blocker attenuates activation of Tenon's capsule fibroblasts after glaucoma filtration surgery via the NF-κB signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2021; 407:112786. [PMID: 34411608 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Activation of Tenon's capsule fibroblasts limits the success rate of glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS), the most efficacious therapy for patients with glaucoma. Angiotensin type 1 receptor (AGTR1) is involved in tissues remodeling and fibrogenesis. However, whether AGTR1 is involved in the progress of fibrogenesis after GFS is not fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of an AGTR1 in scar formation after GFS and the potential anti-fibrosis effect of AGTR1 blocker. AGTR1 expression level was increased in subconjunctival tissues in a rat model of GFS and transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2)-induced human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts (HTFs). AGTR1 blocker treatment suppressed TGF-β2-induced HTF migration and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin (FN) expression. AGTR1 blocker treatment also attenuated collagen deposition and α-SMA and FN expression in subconjunctival tissues of the rat model after GFS. Moreover, AGTR1 blocker decreased TGF-β2-induced P65 phosphorylation, P65 nuclear translocation, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) luciferase activity. Additionally, BAY 11-7082 (an NF-κB inhibitor) significantly suppressed HTF fibrosis. In conclusion, our results indicate that AGTR1 is involved in scar formation after GFS. The AGTR1 blocker attenuates subconjunctival fibrosis after GFS by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings indicate that targeting AGTR1 is a potential approach to attenuate fibrosis after GFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Hongsong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Meimei Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Meilin Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Jianming Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China.
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Zhang X, Qu H, Yang T, Kong X, Zhou H. Regulation and functions of NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiac fibrosis: Current knowledge and clinical significance. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112219. [PMID: 34560540 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis can lead to heart failure, arrhythmia, and sudden cardiac death, representing one of the leading causes of death due to cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac fibrosis involves several multifactorial processes that cannot be effectively controlled by the available therapies. Therefore, current research has focused on the development of novel drugs that can be used to prevent cardiac fibrosis. Recent studies on the functions of inflammasome have provided an in-depth understanding of the regulatory functions of inflammasome in cardiac fibrosis. This review summarizes the latest research on the functions of the NLRP3 inflammasome in various cardiovascular diseases. The latest findings indicate that the NLRP3 inflammasome mediates several inflammatory responses and is associated with pyroptosis, mitochondrial regulation, and myofibroblast differentiation in cardiac fibrosis. These novel findings provide insight into the vital role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis, which can be used to identify new targets for its prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiyan Qu
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiovascular Disease, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoni Kong
- Central Laboratory, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiovascular Disease, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Zhang Z, Zhang X, Meng L, Gong M, Li J, Shi W, Qiu J, Yang Y, Zhao J, Suo Y, Liang X, Wang X, Tse G, Jiang N, Li G, Zhao Y, Liu T. Pioglitazone Inhibits Diabetes-Induced Atrial Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Improves Mitochondrial Biogenesis, Dynamics, and Function Through the PPAR-γ/PGC-1α Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:658362. [PMID: 34194324 PMCID: PMC8237088 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.658362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress contributes to adverse atrial remodeling in diabetes mellitus. This remodeling can be prevented by the PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we examined the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of pioglitazone on atrial remodeling in a rabbit model of diabetes. Methods: Rabbits were randomly divided into control, diabetic, and pioglitazone-treated diabetic groups. Echocardiographic, hemodynamic, and electrophysiological parameters were measured. Serum PPAR-γ levels, serum and tissue oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, mitochondrial morphology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production rate, respiratory function, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels were measured. Protein expression of the pro-fibrotic marker TGF-β1, the PPAR-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), and the mitochondrial proteins (biogenesis-, fusion-, and fission-related proteins) was measured. HL-1 cells were transfected with PGC-1α small interfering RNA (siRNA) to determine the underlying mechanisms of pioglitazone improvement of mitochondrial function under oxidative stress. Results: The diabetic group demonstrated a larger left atrial diameter and fibrosis area than the controls, which were associated with a higher incidence of inducible atrial fibrillation (AF). The lower serum PPAR-γ level was associated with lower PGC-1α and higher NF-κB and TGF-β1 expression. Lower mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM)-, fusion (Opa1 and Mfn1)-, and fission (Drp1)-related proteins were detected. Mitochondrial swelling, higher mitochondrial ROS, lower respiratory control rate, and lower MMP were observed. The pioglitazone group showed a reversal of structural remodeling and a lower incidence of inducible AF, which were associated with higher PPAR-γ and PGC-1α. The pioglitazone group had lower NF-κB and TGF-β1 expression levels, whereas biogenesis-, fusion-, and fission-related protein expression was higher. Further, mitochondrial structure and function were improved. In HL-1 cells, PGC-1α siRNA transfection blunted the effect of pioglitazone on Mn-SOD protein expression and MMP collapse in H2O2-treated cells. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus induces adverse atrial structural, electrophysiological remodeling, and mitochondrial damage and dysfunction. Pioglitazone prevented these abnormalities through the PPAR-γ/PGC-1α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Meng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengqi Gong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiuchun Qiu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yajuan Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianping Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ya Suo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinghua Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gary Tse
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yungang Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Gbr AA, Abdel Baky NA, Mohamed EA, Zaky HS. Cardioprotective effect of pioglitazone and curcumin against diabetic cardiomyopathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus: impact on CaMKII/NF-κB/TGF-β1 and PPAR-γ signaling pathway. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 394:349-360. [PMID: 32984914 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01979-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a leading cause of death in diabetic patients, which is currently without available specific treatment. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of pioglitazone (Pio) and curcumin (Cur) against DCM in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), with pointing to their role on Ca+2/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) expression. Diabetes was induced in adult male Sprague Dawley rats by administration of single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (52.5 mg/kg). Diabetic rats were administered either Pio (20 mg/kg/day) or Cur (100 mg/kg/day) orally for 6 weeks. Treatment with Pio and/or Cur markedly reduced serum cardiac injury markers and lipid profile markers in diabetic animals. Additionally, Pio and/or Cur treatment mitigated oxidative stress and fibrosis in diabetic rats as evident from the significant suppression in myocardial lipid peroxidation and tumor growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) level, with concomitant significant elevation in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and improvement in histopathological architecture of heart tissue. Pio/Cur treatment protocol accomplished its cardioprotective effect by depressing cardiac CaMKII/NF-κB signaling accompanied by enhancement in PPAR-γ expression. Conclusively, these findings demonstrated the therapeutic potential of Pio/Cur regimen in alleviating DCM in T1DM through modulation of CaMKII and PPAR-γ expression. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya A Gbr
- Egypt Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nayira A Abdel Baky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Naser City, Cairo, P.N.11754, Egypt.
| | - Eman A Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Naser City, Cairo, P.N.11754, Egypt
| | - Heba S Zaky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Naser City, Cairo, P.N.11754, Egypt
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10
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Aujla PK, Kassiri Z. Diverse origins and activation of fibroblasts in cardiac fibrosis. Cell Signal 2020; 78:109869. [PMID: 33278559 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts (cFBs) have emerged as a heterogenous cell population. Fibroblasts are considered the main cell source for synthesis of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and as such a dysregulation in cFB function, activity, or viability can lead to disrupted ECM structure or fibrosis. Fibrosis can be initiated in response to different injuries and stimuli, and can be reparative (beneficial) or reactive (damaging). FBs need to be activated to myofibroblasts (MyoFBs) which have augmented capacity in synthesizing ECM proteins, causing fibrosis. In addition to the resident FBs in the myocardium, a number of other cells (pericytes, fibrocytes, mesenchymal, and hematopoietic cells) can transform into MyoFBs, further driving the fibrotic response. Multiple molecules including hormones, cytokines, and growth factors stimulate this process leading to generation of activated MyoFBs. Contribution of different cell types to cFBs and MyoFBs can result in an exponential increase in the number of MyoFBs and an accelerated pro-fibrotic response. Given the diversity of the cell sources, and the array of interconnected signalling pathways that lead to formation of MyoFBs and subsequently fibrosis, identifying a single target to limit the fibrotic response in the myocardium has been challenging. This review article will delineate the importance and relevance of fibroblast heterogeneity in mediating fibrosis in different models of heart failure and will highlight important signalling pathways implicated in myofibroblast activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetinder K Aujla
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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11
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Lv W, Zhang L, Cheng X, Wang H, Qin W, Zhou X, Tang B. Apelin Inhibits Angiotensin II-Induced Atrial Fibrosis and Atrial Fibrillation via TGF-β1/Smad2/α-SMA Pathway. Front Physiol 2020; 11:583570. [PMID: 33329030 PMCID: PMC7711167 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.583570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin II (Ang II) could promote the development of atrial fibrosis in atrial fibrillation (AF). Apelin can inhibit the occurrence of myocardial fibrosis. However, the effect of apelin on Ang II-induced atrial fibrosis and subsequent AF still remains unknown. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we examined the effect of apelin on the suppression of atrial fibrosis and subsequent AF, and investigated its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were treated for 2 weeks with Ang II (1080 μg/kg/24 h) and apelin-13 (140 μg/kg/24 h) using implantable mini-pumps. The incidence of AF induced by atrial pacing was determined. Atrial electrophysiological mapping was recorded by a 32-electrode microelectrode array. Blood was collected to measure the levels of Ang II and apelin. Atrial tissue samples were preserved to assess the pathohistological changes, DDR2 and α-SMA co-staining were performed, and the protein expression of Smad2 phosphorylation was evaluated. RESULTS Apelin significantly inhibited Ang II-induced atrial fibrosis (HE:1.45 ± 0.11 vs 6.12 ± 0.16, P < 0.001; Masson:1.49 ± 0.25 vs 8.15 ± 0.23, P < 0.001; Picrosirius Red:1.98 ± 0.64 vs 9.59 ± 0.56, P < 0.001, respectively) and decreased the vulnerability of AF (inducibility of AF: z = -4.40, P < 0.001; total AF duration: z = -4.349, P < 0.001). Left atrial epicardial mapping studies demonstrated preservation of atrial conduction homogeneity by apelin. The protective effects of apelin from fibrotic remodeling were mediated by suppression of Smad2-dependent fibrosis. CONCLUSION Apelin potently inhibited Ang II-induced atrial fibrosis and subsequent vulnerability to AF induction via suppression TGF-β/Smad2/α-SMA pathway. Our results indicated that apelin might be an effective up-stream therapy for atrial fibrosis and AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkui Lv
- Heart Failure Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Department of Pacing and Electrophysiological, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xinchun Cheng
- Geriatrics Center, The People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- Department of Pacing and Electrophysiological, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xianhui Zhou
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Department of Pacing and Electrophysiological, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Baopeng Tang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Department of Pacing and Electrophysiological, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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12
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Kira S, Abe I, Ishii Y, Miyoshi M, Oniki T, Arakane M, Daa T, Teshima Y, Yufu K, Shimada T, Takahashi N. Role of angiopoietin-like protein 2 in atrial fibrosis induced by human epicardial adipose tissue: Analysis using an organo-culture system. Heart Rhythm 2020; 17:1591-1601. [PMID: 32330625 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have recently reported that peri-left atrial epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is associated with atrial myocardial fibrosis, in which angiopoietin-like protein 2 (Angptl2) protein content in EAT is associated with atrial myocardial fibrosis. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine whether Angptl2 contained in peri-left atrial EAT can induce atrial myocardial fibrosis. METHODS Human peri-left atrial EAT and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were collected from 9 autopsy cases. EAT- or SAT-conditioned medium was dropped onto the rat left atrial epicardial surface using an organo-culture system. Conditioned medium, recombinant Angptl2, and its antibody effects on organo-cultured rat atrial myocardial fibrosis were evaluated. Angptl2 effects on cultured neonatal rat fibroblasts were also investigated. RESULTS EAT-conditioned medium induced atrial fibrosis in organo-cultured rat atrium with a progressive increase in the number of myofibroblasts. The profibrotic effect of EAT was greater than that of SAT. EAT in patients with atrial fibrillation induced a more significant atrial fibrosis than in those without. Treatment with human recombinant Angptl2 induced fibrosis in organo-cultured rat atrium, which was suppressed by the concomitant treatment with Angptl2 antibody. In cultured fibroblasts, Angptl2 upregulated the expression of α-smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor-β1, phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase,phospho-inhibitor of κBα, and phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that Angptl2 contained in EAT played a crucial role in EAT-induced inflammatory atrial fibrosis. The results also suggested that antagonizing the expression of Angptl2 in EAT can be a novel therapeutic approach to prevent atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Kira
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Ichitaro Abe
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan.
| | - Yumi Ishii
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Miho Miyoshi
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Takahiro Oniki
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Motoki Arakane
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Daa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Yasushi Teshima
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Kunio Yufu
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Shimada
- Oita Medical Technology School, Japan College of Judo-Therapy Acupuncture & Moxibustion Therapy, Oita, Japan
| | - Naohiko Takahashi
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan.
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13
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Peng L, Zhou Y, Jiang N, Wang T, Zhu J, Chen Y, Li L, Zhang J, Yu S, Zhao Y. DJ-1 exerts anti-inflammatory effects and regulates NLRX1-TRAF6 via SHP-1 in stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:81. [PMID: 32151250 PMCID: PMC7061472 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01764-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute inflammation induced by reactive astrocytes after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is important for protecting the resultant lesion. Our previous study demonstrated that DJ-1 is abundantly expressed in reactive astrocytes after cerebral I/R injury. Here, we show that DJ-1 negatively regulates the inflammatory response by facilitating the interaction between SHP-1 and TRAF6, thereby inducing the dissociation of NLRX1 from TRAF6. Methods We used oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in vitro in primary astrocyte cultures and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) in vivo to mimic I/R insult. Results The inhibition of DJ-1 expression increased the expression of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. DJ-1 knockdown facilitated the interaction between NLRX1 and TRAF6. However, the loss of DJ-1 attenuated the interaction between SHP-1 and TRAF6. In subsequent experiments, a SHP-1 inhibitor altered the interaction between SHP-1 and TRAF6 and facilitated the interaction between NLRX1 and TRAF6 in DJ-1-overexpressing astrocytes. Conclusion These findings suggest that DJ-1 exerts an SHP-1-dependent anti-inflammatory effect and induces the dissociation of NLRX1 from TRAF6 during cerebral I/R injury. Thus, DJ-1 may be an efficacious therapeutic target for the treatment of I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Peng
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Molecular Medical Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Molecular Medical Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Molecular Medical Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Molecular Medical Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Molecular Medical Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Molecular Medical Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Linyu Li
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Molecular Medical Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Molecular Medical Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China. .,Molecular Medical Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China. .,Molecular Medical Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Forrester SJ, Booz GW, Sigmund CD, Coffman TM, Kawai T, Rizzo V, Scalia R, Eguchi S. Angiotensin II Signal Transduction: An Update on Mechanisms of Physiology and Pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1627-1738. [PMID: 29873596 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 621] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays crucial roles in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. However, many of the signaling mechanisms have been unclear. The angiotensin II (ANG II) type 1 receptor (AT1R) is believed to mediate most functions of ANG II in the system. AT1R utilizes various signal transduction cascades causing hypertension, cardiovascular remodeling, and end organ damage. Moreover, functional cross-talk between AT1R signaling pathways and other signaling pathways have been recognized. Accumulating evidence reveals the complexity of ANG II signal transduction in pathophysiology of the vasculature, heart, kidney, and brain, as well as several pathophysiological features, including inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and aging. In this review, we provide a comprehensive update of the ANG II receptor signaling events and their functional significances for potential translation into therapeutic strategies. AT1R remains central to the system in mediating physiological and pathophysiological functions of ANG II, and participation of specific signaling pathways becomes much clearer. There are still certain limitations and many controversies, and several noteworthy new concepts require further support. However, it is expected that rigorous translational research of the ANG II signaling pathways including those in large animals and humans will contribute to establishing effective new therapies against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Forrester
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - George W Booz
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thomas M Coffman
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tatsuo Kawai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Victor Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rosario Scalia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
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15
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Loss of LRRC25 accelerates pathological cardiac hypertrophy through promoting fibrosis and inflammation regulated by TGF-β1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:137-144. [PMID: 30340835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in therapeutic strategies, heart failure-associated mortality rates remain high. Thus, understanding the pathophysiological molecular mechanisms involved in the remodeling process is essential for developing new and effective therapies. LRRs are present various prokaryotic and eukaryotic proteins and important for the innate immune system via regulating protein-protein interactions. LRRC25 is a member of leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing protein family. LRRC25 has been shown to negatively modulate nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation, a crucial factor related to cardiac hypertrophy. Our aim was to explore the effects of LRRC25 on cardiac hypertrophy. In the present study, LRRC25 levels were decreased in human and mouse hypertrophied hearts. LRRC25 knockout exacerbated cardiac hypertrophy responding to pressure overloading or angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulation. Deletion of LRRC25 accelerated cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis in mice subjected to aortic banding (AB). LRRC25 ablation induced a strong increase in the transcription of both hypertrophy (ANP, BNP, and β-MHC) and fibrosis associated molecules (col1, col3a1, α-SMA and fibronectin). In addition, the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and its down-streaming signals of phosphorylated Smad2/3, was markedly induced by LRRC25 deficiency. LRRC25-knockout mice showed a significantly enhanced inflammation in response to AB surgery by promoting the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. In mouse cardiomyocytes, LRRC25 deficiency markedly elevated TGF-β1 and NF-κB activation stimulated by Ang II. Treatment with a combination of TGF-β1 or NF-κB inhibitor abolished the effects of LRRC25-knockout on the promotion of cardiac hypertrophy in vitro. Together, our study identified LRRC25 as a critical molecular switch whose down-regulation resulted in cardiac hypertrophy in a TGF-β1- and NF-κB-dependent manner.
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16
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Gupta I, Varshney NK, Khan S. Emergence of Members of TRAF and DUB of Ubiquitin Proteasome System in the Regulation of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Front Genet 2018; 9:336. [PMID: 30186311 PMCID: PMC6110912 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) plays an imperative role in many critical cellular processes, frequently by mediating the selective degradation of misfolded and damaged proteins and also by playing a non-degradative role especially important as in many signaling pathways. Over the last three decades, accumulated evidence indicated that UPS proteins are primal modulators of cell cycle progression, DNA replication, and repair, transcription, immune responses, and apoptosis. Comparatively, latest studies have demonstrated a substantial complexity by the UPS regulation in the heart. In addition, various UPS proteins especially ubiquitin ligases and proteasome have been identified to play a significant role in the cardiac development and dynamic physiology of cardiac pathologies such as ischemia/reperfusion injury, hypertrophy, and heart failure. However, our understanding of the contribution of UPS dysfunction in the plausible development of cardiac pathophysiology and the complete list of UPS proteins regulating these afflictions is still in infancy. The recent emergence of the roles of TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAFs) and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) superfamily in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has enhanced our knowledge. In this review, we have mainly compiled the TRAF superfamily of E3 ligases and few DUBs proteins with other well-documented E3 ligases such as MDM2, MuRF-1, Atrogin-I, and TRIM 32 that are specific to myocardial hypertrophy. In this review, we also aim to highlight their expression profile following physiological and pathological stimulation leading to the onset of hypertrophic phenotype in the heart that can serve as biomarkers and the opportunity for the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Gupta
- Structural Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.,Drug Discovery Research Center, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Nishant K Varshney
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Sameena Khan
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
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17
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Ghrelin Ameliorates Angiotensin II-Induced Myocardial Fibrosis by Upregulating Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma in Young Male Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9897581. [PMID: 30175152 PMCID: PMC6098901 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9897581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin (Ang) II contributes to the formation and development of myocardial fibrosis. Ghrelin, a gut peptide, has demonstrated beneficial effects against cardiovascular disease. In the present study, we explored the effect and related mechanism of Ghrelin on myocardial fibrosis in Ang II-infused rats. Adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 6 groups: Control, Ang II (200ng/kg/min, microinfusion), Ang II+Ghrelin (100 μg/kg, subcutaneously twice daily), Ang II+Ghrelin+GW9662 (a specific PPAR-γ inhibitor, 1 mg/kg/d, orally), Ang II+GW9662, and Ghrelin for 4 wks. In vitro, adult rat cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were pretreated with or without Ghrelin, Ghrelin+GW9662, or anti-Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 antibody and then stimulated with or without Ang II (100 nmol/L) for 24 h. Ang II infusion significantly increased myocardial fibrosis, expression of collagen I, collagen III, and TGF-β1, as well as TGF-β1 downstream proteins p-Smad2, p-Smad3, TRAF6, and p-TAK1 (all p<0.05). Ghrelin attenuated these effects. Similar results were seen in Ang II-stimulated rat cardiac fibroblasts in vitro. In addition, Ghrelin upregulated PPAR-γ expression in vivo and in vitro, and treatment with GW9662 counteracted the effects of Ghrelin. In conclusion, Ghrelin ameliorated Ang II-induced myocardial fibrosis by upregulating PPAR-γ and in turn inhibiting TGF-β1signaling.
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Trial J, Cieslik KA. Changes in cardiac resident fibroblast physiology and phenotype in aging. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H745-H755. [PMID: 29906228 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00237.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac fibroblast plays a central role in tissue homeostasis and in repair after injury. With aging, dysregulated cardiac fibroblasts have a reduced capacity to activate a canonical transforming growth factor-β-Smad pathway and differentiate poorly into contractile myofibroblasts. That results in the formation of an insufficient scar after myocardial infarction. In contrast, in the uninjured aged heart, fibroblasts are activated and acquire a profibrotic phenotype that leads to interstitial fibrosis, ventricular stiffness, and diastolic dysfunction, all conditions that may lead to heart failure. There is an apparent paradox in aging, wherein reparative fibrosis is impaired but interstitial, adverse fibrosis is augmented. This could be explained by analyzing the effectiveness of signaling pathways in resident fibroblasts from young versus aged hearts. Whereas defective signaling by transforming growth factor-β leads to insufficient scar formation by myofibroblasts, enhanced activation of the ERK1/2 pathway may be responsible for interstitial fibrosis mediated by activated fibroblasts. Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/fibroblast-phenotypic-changes-in-the-aging-heart/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- JoAnn Trial
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Katarzyna A Cieslik
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
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Abdullah M, Berthiaume JM, Willis MS. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 as a nuclear factor kappa B-modulating therapeutic target in cardiovascular diseases: at the heart of it all. Transl Res 2018; 195:48-61. [PMID: 29175266 PMCID: PMC5898986 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory and immune signaling has been documented as a root cause of many cardiovascular pathologies. In this review, we explore the emerging role of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6)-nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling axis in atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, pathologic cardiac hypertrophy or heart failure, myocarditis, and sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. We discuss the current understanding of cardiac inflammation in heart disease, present the TRAF6 signaling axis in the heart, then summarize what is known about TRAF6 in pathophysiology of heart disease including proof-of-concept studies that identify the utility of blocking TRAF6 to attenuate cardiac dysfunction, which suggests that TRAF6 is a novel, druggable target in treating cardiovascular disease incurred by inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdullah
- Department of Biochemistry, QuaidiAzam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jessica M Berthiaume
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Monte S Willis
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
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20
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Zhang N, Wei WY, Li LL, Hu C, Tang QZ. Therapeutic Potential of Polyphenols in Cardiac Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:122. [PMID: 29497382 PMCID: PMC5818417 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis, in response to injury and stress, is central to a broad constellation of cardiovascular diseases. Fibrosis decreases myocardial wall compliance due to extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, leading to impaired systolic and diastolic function and causing arrhythmogenesis. Although some conventional drugs, such as β-blockers and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, have been shown to alleviate cardiac fibrosis in clinical trials, these traditional therapies do not tend to target all the fibrosis-associated mechanisms, and do not hamper the progression of cardiac fibrosis in patients with heart failure. Polyphenols are present in vegetables, fruits, and beverages and had been proposed as attenuators of cardiac fibrosis in different models of cardiovascular diseases. Together with results found in the literature, we can show that some polyphenols exert anti-fibrotic and myocardial protective effects by mediating inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrotic molecular signals. This review considers an overview of the mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis, illustrates their involvement in different animal models of cardiac fibrosis treated with some polyphenols and projects the future direction and therapeutic potential of polyphenols on cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Ying Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling-Li Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Can Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
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Du L, Qin M, Yi Y, Chen X, Jiang W, Zhou L, Zhang D, Xu K, Yang Y, Li C, Liu Y, Liu X, Duan SZ. Eplerenone Prevents Atrial Fibrosis via the TGF-β Signaling Pathway. Cardiology 2017; 138:55-62. [PMID: 28571007 DOI: 10.1159/000471918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Eplerenone (EPL), an antagonist of the mineralocorticoid receptor, is beneficial for atrial fibrillation and atrial fibrosis. However, the underlying mechanism remains less well known. We aimed to investigate the effect of EPL on atrial fibrosis using a mouse with selective atrial fibrosis and to explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS EPL-treated MHC-TGFcys33ser transgenic mice that have selective atrial fibrosis (Tx+EPL mice), as well as control mice, were used for in vivo studies including histological analyses, Western blotting, and qRT-PCR studies. TGF-β1-stimulated atrial fibroblasts were treated with EPL or vehicle for the in vitro studies including Western blotting and qRT-PCR studies. In addition, Smad7 siRNA was used to knock down Smad7. RESULTS EPL inhibited atrial fibrosis in the Tx mice. In addition, EPL suppressed the expression of fibrosis-related molecules induced by TGF-β1 in vivo and in vitro. This occurred in concert with a downregulation of Smad7 protein expression and an upregulation of p-Smad2/3 protein expression. In addition, knockdown of Smad7 by siRNA abolished the protective roles of EPL. CONCLUSIONS EPL inhibited atrial fibrosis in Tx mice. The underlying mechanism may involve increased protein expression of Smad7, which enhances the inhibitory feedback regulation of TGF-β1/Smad signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Du
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Zhang Z, Zhang X, Korantzopoulos P, Letsas KP, Tse G, Gong M, Meng L, Li G, Liu T. Thiazolidinedione use and atrial fibrillation in diabetic patients: a meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2017; 17:96. [PMID: 28381265 PMCID: PMC5382449 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-017-0531-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence suggests that thiazolidinediones (TZDs) may exert protective effects in atrial fibrillation (AF). The present meta-analysis investigated the association between TZD use and the incidence of AF in diabetic patients. Methods Electronic databases were searched until December 2016. Of the 346 initially identified records, 3 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and 4 observational studies with 130,854 diabetic patients were included in the final analysis. Results Pooled analysis of the included studies demonstrated that patients treated with TZDs had approximately 30% lower risk of developing AF compared to controls [odds ratio (OR): 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.62 to 0.87, p = 0.0003]. This association was consistently observed for both new onset AF (OR =0.77, p = 0.002) and recurrent AF (OR =0.41, p = 0.002), pioglitazone use (OR =0.56, p = 0.04) but not rosiglitazone use (OR =0.78, p = 0.12). The association between TZD use and AF incidence was not significant in the pooled analysis of three RCTs (OR =0.77, 95% CI = 0.53–1.12, p = 0.17), but was significantly in the pooled analysis of the four observational studies (OR =0.71, p = 0.0003). Conclusions This meta-analysis suggests that TZDs may confer protection against AF in the setting of diabetes mellitus (DM). This class of drugs can be used as upstream therapy for DM patients to prevent the development of AF. Further large-scale RCTs are needed to determine whether TZDs use could prevent AF in the setting of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Konstantinos P Letsas
- Second Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, "Evangelismos" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gary Tse
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.,Li KaShing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqi Gong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Meng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China.
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Gaspar NK. DHEA and frontal fibrosing alopecia: molecular and physiopathological mechanisms. An Bras Dermatol 2016; 91:776-780. [PMID: 28099600 PMCID: PMC5193189 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20165029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFβ1) promotes fibrosis, differentiating epithelial cells and quiescent fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and increasing expression of extracellular matrix. Recent investigations have shown that PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor*) is a negative regulator of fibrotic events induced by TGFβ1. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is an immunomodulatory hormone essential for PPAR functions, and is reduced in some processes characterized by fibrosis. Although scarring alopecia characteristically develops in the female biological period in which occurs decreased production of DHEA, there are no data in the literature relating its reduction to fibrogenic process of this condition. This article aims to review the fibrogenic activity of TGFβ1, its control by PPAR and its relation with DHEA in the frontal fibrosing alopecia.
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Eplerenone inhibits atrial fibrosis in mutant TGF-β1 transgenic mice. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2016; 59:1042-1047. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-0037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is a significant global health problem associated with nearly all forms of heart disease. Cardiac fibroblasts comprise an essential cell type in the heart that is responsible for the homeostasis of the extracellular matrix; however, upon injury, these cells transform to a myofibroblast phenotype and contribute to cardiac fibrosis. This remodeling involves pathological changes that include chamber dilation, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis, and ultimately leads to the progression to heart failure. Despite the critical importance of fibrosis in cardiovascular disease, our limited understanding of the cardiac fibroblast impedes the development of potential therapies that effectively target this cell type and its pathological contribution to disease progression. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the origins and roles of fibroblasts, mediators and signaling pathways known to influence fibroblast function after myocardial injury, as well as novel therapeutic strategies under investigation to attenuate cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua G Travers
- From the Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Fadia A Kamal
- From the Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Jeffrey Robbins
- From the Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Katherine E Yutzey
- From the Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Burns C Blaxall
- From the Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH.
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TRIF promotes angiotensin II-induced cross-talk between fibroblasts and macrophages in atrial fibrosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 464:100-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.05.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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27
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Díaz-Araya G, Vivar R, Humeres C, Boza P, Bolivar S, Muñoz C. Cardiac fibroblasts as sentinel cells in cardiac tissue: Receptors, signaling pathways and cellular functions. Pharmacol Res 2015; 101:30-40. [PMID: 26151416 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts (CF) not only modulate extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins homeostasis, but also respond to chemical and mechanical signals. CF express a variety of receptors through which they modulate the proliferation/cell death, autophagy, adhesion, migration, turnover of ECM, expression of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and differentiation into cardiac myofibroblasts (CMF). Differentiation of CF to CMF involves changes in the expression levels of various receptors, as well as, changes in cell phenotype and their associated functions. CF and CMF express the β2-adrenergic receptor, and its stimulation activates PKA and EPAC proteins, which differentially modulate the CF and CMF functions mentioned above. CF and CMF also express different levels of Angiotensin II receptors, in particular, AT1R activation increases collagen synthesis and cell proliferation, but its overexpression activates apoptosis. CF and CMF express different levels of B1 and B2 kinin receptors, whose stimulation by their respective agonists activates common signaling transduction pathways that decrease the synthesis and secretion of collagen through nitric oxide and prostacyclin I2 secretion. Besides these classical functions, CF can also participate in the inflammatory response of cardiac repair, through the expression of receptors commonly associated to immune cells such as Toll like receptor 4, NLRP3 and interferon receptor. The activation by their respective agonists modulates the cellular functions already described and the release of cytokines and chemokines. Thus, CF and CMF act as sentinel cells responding to a plethora of stimulus, modifying their own behavior, and that of neighboring cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Díaz-Araya
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Chemical Pharmacological and Toxicological Department, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, FONDAP Advanced Center for Chronic diseases ACCDiS, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - R Vivar
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Chemical Pharmacological and Toxicological Department, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, FONDAP Advanced Center for Chronic diseases ACCDiS, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Humeres
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Chemical Pharmacological and Toxicological Department, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, FONDAP Advanced Center for Chronic diseases ACCDiS, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Boza
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Chemical Pharmacological and Toxicological Department, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, FONDAP Advanced Center for Chronic diseases ACCDiS, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Bolivar
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Chemical Pharmacological and Toxicological Department, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, FONDAP Advanced Center for Chronic diseases ACCDiS, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Muñoz
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Chemical Pharmacological and Toxicological Department, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, FONDAP Advanced Center for Chronic diseases ACCDiS, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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