1
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Chen Y, Li M, Wu Y. The occurrence and development of induced pluripotent stem cells. Front Genet 2024; 15:1389558. [PMID: 38699229 PMCID: PMC11063328 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1389558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The ectopic expression of four transcription factors, Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM), known as "Yamanaka factors," can reprogram or stimulate the production of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Although OSKM is still the gold standard, there are multiple ways to reprogram cells into iPSCs. In recent years, significant progress has been made in improving the efficiency of this technology. Ten years after the first report was published, human pluripotent stem cells have gradually been applied in clinical settings, including disease modeling, cell therapy, new drug development, and cell derivation. Here, we provide a review of the discovery of iPSCs and their applications in disease and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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2
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Nogueira IPM, Costa GMJ, Lacerda SMDSN. Avian iPSC Derivation to Recover Threatened Wild Species: A Comprehensive Review in Light of Well-Established Protocols. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:220. [PMID: 38254390 PMCID: PMC10812705 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were first generated by Yamanaka in 2006, revolutionizing research by overcoming limitations imposed by the use of embryonic stem cells. In terms of the conservation of endangered species, iPSC technology presents itself as a viable alternative for the manipulation of target genetics without compromising specimens. Although iPSCs have been successfully generated for various species, their application in nonmammalian species, particularly avian species, requires further in-depth investigation to cover the diversity of wild species at risk and their different protocol requirements. This study aims to provide an overview of the workflow for iPSC induction, comparing well-established protocols in humans and mice with the limited information available for avian species. Here, we discuss the somatic cell sources to be reprogrammed, genetic factors, delivery methods, enhancers, a brief history of achievements in avian iPSC derivation, the main approaches for iPSC characterization, and the future perspectives and challenges for the field. By examining the current protocols and state-of-the-art techniques employed in iPSC generation, we seek to contribute to the development of efficient and species-specific iPSC methodologies for at-risk avian species. The advancement of iPSC technology holds great promise for achieving in vitro germline competency and, consequently, addressing reproductive challenges in endangered species, providing valuable tools for basic research, bird genetic preservation and rescue, and the establishment of cryobanks for future conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samyra Maria dos Santos Nassif Lacerda
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (I.P.M.N.); (G.M.J.C.)
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3
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Zhang S, Wen X, Zhou L, Li H, Li W, Hoffman AR, Hu JF, Cui J. Chromatin-RNA in situ Reverse Transcription Sequencing (CRIST-seq) Approach to Profile the Non-coding RNA Interaction Network. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4718. [PMID: 37497457 PMCID: PMC10366681 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are defined as RNAs that do not encode proteins, but many ncRNAs do have the ability to regulate gene expression. These ncRNAs play a critical role in the epigenetic regulation of various physiological and pathological processes through diverse biochemical mechanisms. However, the existing screening methods to identify regulatory ncRNAs only focus on whole-cell expression levels and do not capture every ncRNA that targets certain genes. We describe a new method, chromatin-RNA in situ reverse transcription sequencing (CRIST-seq), that can identify all the ncRNAs that are associated with the regulation of any given gene. In this article, we targeted the ncRNAs that are associated with pluripotent gene Sox2, allowing us to catalog the ncRNA regulation network of pluripotency maintenance. This methodology is universally applicable for the study of epigenetic regulation of any genes by making simple changes on the CRISPR-dCas9 gRNAs. Key features This method provides a new technique for screening ncRNAs and establishing chromatin interaction networks. The target gene for this method can be any gene of interest and any site in the entire genome. This method can be further extended to detect RNAs, DNAs, and proteins that interact with target genes. Graphical overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, China
- Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Xue Wen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, China
| | - Andrew R. Hoffman
- Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, China
- Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, China
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4
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Zhu Y, Yan Z, Fu C, Wen X, Jia L, Zhou L, Du Z, Wang C, Wang Y, Chen J, Nie Y, Wang W, Cui J, Wang G, Hoffman AR, Hu JF, Li W. LncRNA Osilr9 coordinates promoter DNA demethylation and the intrachromosomal loop structure required for maintaining stem cell pluripotency. Mol Ther 2023; 31:1791-1806. [PMID: 36523163 PMCID: PMC10278046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear reprogramming of somatic cells into a pluripotent status has the potential to create patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells for regenerative medicine. Currently, however, the epigenetic mechanisms underlying this pluripotent reprogramming are poorly understood. To delineate this epigenetic regulatory network, we utilized a chromatin RNA in situ reverse transcription sequencing (CRIST-seq) approach to identify long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) embedded in the 3-dimensional intrachromosomal architecture of stem cell core factor genes. By combining CRIST-seq and RNA sequencing, we identified Oct4-Sox2 interacting lncRNA 9 (Osilr9) as a pluripotency-associated lncRNA. Osilr9 expression was associated with the status of stem cell pluripotency in reprogramming. Using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) knockdown, we showed that this lncRNA was required for the optimal maintenance of stem cell pluripotency. Overexpression of Osilr9 induced robust activation of endogenous stem cell core factor genes in fibroblasts. Osilr9 participated in the formation of the intrachromosomal looping required for the maintenance of pluripotency. After binding to the Oct4 promoter, Osilr9 recruited the DNA demethylase ten-eleven translocation 1, leading to promoter demethylation. These data demonstrate that Osilr9 is a critical chromatin epigenetic modulator that coordinates the promoter activity of core stem cell factor genes, highlighting the critical role of pluripotency-associated lncRNAs in stem cell pluripotency and reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Zi Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China; Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Changhao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Xue Wen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Lin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Zhonghua Du
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Yichen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jingcheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Andrew R Hoffman
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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5
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Valproic acid attenuates cellular senescence in diabetic kidney disease through the inhibition of complement C5a receptors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20278. [PMID: 36434087 PMCID: PMC9700697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24851-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite increasing knowledge about the factors involved in the progression of diabetic complications, diabetic kidney disease (DKD) continues to be a major health burden. Current therapies only slow but do not prevent the progression of DKD. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapy to halt the progression of DKD and improve disease prognosis. In our preclinical study where we administered a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, valproic acid, to streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis were attenuated. Furthermore, we discovered that valproic acid attenuated diabetes-induced upregulation of complement C5a receptors, with a concomitant reduction in markers of cellular senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Interestingly, further examination of mice lacking the C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1) gene revealed that cellular senescence was attenuated in diabetes. Similar results were observed in diabetic mice treated with a C5aR1 inhibitor, PMX53. RNA-sequencing analyses showed that PMX53 significantly regulated genes associated with cell cycle pathways leading to cellular senescence. Collectively, these results for the first time demonstrated that complement C5a mediates cellular senescence in diabetic kidney disease. Cellular senescence has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease, thus therapies to inhibit cellular senescence such as complement inhibitors present as a novel therapeutic option to treat diabetic kidney disease.
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6
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Guo Y, Wang YY, Sun TT, Xu JJ, Yang P, Ma CY, Guan WJ, Wang CJ, Liu GF, Liu CQ. Neural progenitor cells derived from fibroblasts induced by small molecule compounds under hypoxia for treatment of Parkinson's disease in rats. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:1090-1098. [PMID: 36254998 PMCID: PMC9827776 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.355820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) capable of self-renewal and differentiation into neural cell lineages offer broad prospects for cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. However, cell therapy based on NPC transplantation is limited by the inability to acquire sufficient quantities of NPCs. Previous studies have found that a chemical cocktail of valproic acid, CHIR99021, and Repsox (VCR) promotes mouse fibroblasts to differentiate into NPCs under hypoxic conditions. Therefore, we used VCR (0.5 mM valproic acid, 3 μM CHIR99021, and 1 μM Repsox) to induce the reprogramming of rat embryonic fibroblasts into NPCs under a hypoxic condition (5%). These NPCs exhibited typical neurosphere-like structures that can express NPC markers, such as Nestin, SRY-box transcription factor 2, and paired box 6 (Pax6), and could also differentiate into multiple types of functional neurons and astrocytes in vitro. They had similar gene expression profiles to those of rat brain-derived neural stem cells. Subsequently, the chemically-induced NPCs (ciNPCs) were stereotactically transplanted into the substantia nigra of 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned parkinsonian rats. We found that the ciNPCs exhibited long-term survival, migrated long distances, and differentiated into multiple types of functional neurons and glial cells in vivo. Moreover, the parkinsonian behavioral defects of the parkinsonian model rats grafted with ciNPCs showed remarkable functional recovery. These findings suggest that rat fibroblasts can be directly transformed into NPCs using a chemical cocktail of VCR without introducing exogenous factors, which may be an attractive donor material for transplantation therapy for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- School of Laboratory Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ting-Ting Sun
- School of Laboratory Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jia-Jia Xu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Pan Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Cai-Yun Ma
- School of Laboratory Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China,National Germplasm Resource Center for Domestic Animals, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Jun Guan
- National Germplasm Resource Center for Domestic Animals, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Jing Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Gao-Feng Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China,Correspondence to: Chang-Qing Liu, ; Gao-Feng Liu, .
| | - Chang-Qing Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China,Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA,Correspondence to: Chang-Qing Liu, ; Gao-Feng Liu, .
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7
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An Alternate Approach to Generate Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells with Precise CRISPR/Cas9 Tool. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:4537335. [PMID: 36187228 PMCID: PMC9522500 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4537335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are considered powerful tools in pharmacology, biomedicine, toxicology, and cell therapy. Multiple approaches have been used to generate iPSCs with the expression of reprogramming factors. Here, we generated iPSCs by integrating the reprogramming cassette into a genomic safe harbor, CASH-1, with the use of a precise genome editing tool, CRISPR/Cas9. The integration of cassette at CASH-1 into target cells did not alter the pattern of proliferation and interleukin-6 secretion as a response to ligands of multiple signaling pathways involving tumor necrosis factor-α receptor, interleukin-1 receptor, and toll-like receptors. Moreover, doxycycline-inducible expression of OCT4, SOX2, and KLF4 reprogrammed engineered human dermal fibroblasts and human embryonic kidney cell line into iPSCs. The generated iPSCs showed their potential to make embryoid bodies and differentiate into the derivatives of all three germ layers. Collectively, our data emphasize the exploitation of CASH-1 by CRISPR/Cas9 tool for therapeutic and biotechnological applications including but not limited to reprogramming of engineered cells into iPSCs.
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8
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Wang Y, Jia L, Wang C, Du Z, Zhang S, Zhou L, Wen X, Li H, Chen H, Nie Y, Li D, Liu S, Figueroa DS, Ay F, Xu W, Zhang S, Li W, Cui J, Hoffman AR, Guo H, Hu JF. Pluripotency exit is guided by the Peln1-mediated disruption of intrachromosomal architecture. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213009. [PMID: 35171230 PMCID: PMC8855478 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202009134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular circuitry that causes stem cells to exit from pluripotency remains largely uncharacterized. Using chromatin RNA in situ reverse transcription sequencing, we identified Peln1 as a novel chromatin RNA component in the promoter complex of Oct4, a stem cell master transcription factor gene. Peln1 was negatively associated with pluripotent status during somatic reprogramming. Peln1 overexpression caused E14 cells to exit from pluripotency, while Peln1 downregulation induced robust reprogramming. Mechanistically, we discovered that Peln1 interacted with the Oct4 promoter and recruited the DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A. By de novo altering the epigenotype in the Oct4 promoter, Peln1 dismantled the intrachromosomal loop that is required for the maintenance of pluripotency. Using RNA reverse transcription-associated trap sequencing, we showed that Peln1 targets multiple pathway genes that are associated with stem cell self-renewal. These findings demonstrate that Peln1 can act as a new epigenetic player and use a trans mechanism to induce an exit from the pluripotent state in stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Lin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Zhonghua Du
- Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Shilin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Xue Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Huiling Chen
- Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Yuanyuan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | | | - Ferhat Ay
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Songling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Andrew R Hoffman
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
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9
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Winterhalter PR, Simm A. How Justified is the Assumption of Programmed Aging in Reminiscence of Weismann's Theories? BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:35-53. [PMID: 35491022 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Theories about the benefits of death and the resulting increased likelihood of programmed aging are controversial, advocated only by a minority. The extent to which their assumptions might be justified should be investigated. To this end, various approaches to the possible utility or origin were considered, particularly potential benefits of the faster generational change caused by possible evolutionary compound interest. Reference was made to the thinking of Weismann, the father of regulated aging theories, who advocated non-adaptive concepts at the end of his career. In a thought experiment, circadian rhythms are discussed as a possible molecular source of aging regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Simm
- Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
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10
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Du Z, Wen X, Wang Y, Jia L, Zhang S, Liu Y, Zhou L, Li H, Yang W, Wang C, Chen J, Hao Y, Salgado Figueroa D, Chen H, Li D, Chen N, Celik I, Zhu Y, Yan Z, Fu C, Liu S, Jiao B, Wang Z, Zhang H, Gülsoy G, Luo J, Qin B, Gao S, Kapranov P, Esteban MA, Zhang S, Li W, Ay F, Chen R, Hoffman AR, Cui J, Hu JF. Chromatin lncRNA Platr10 controls stem cell pluripotency by coordinating an intrachromosomal regulatory network. Genome Biol 2021; 22:233. [PMID: 34412677 PMCID: PMC8375132 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A specific 3-dimensional intrachromosomal architecture of core stem cell factor genes is required to reprogram a somatic cell into pluripotency. As little is known about the epigenetic readers that orchestrate this architectural remodeling, we used a novel chromatin RNA in situ reverse transcription sequencing (CRIST-seq) approach to profile long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the Oct4 promoter. Results We identify Platr10 as an Oct4 - Sox2 binding lncRNA that is activated in somatic cell reprogramming. Platr10 is essential for the maintenance of pluripotency, and lack of this lncRNA causes stem cells to exit from pluripotency. In fibroblasts, ectopically expressed Platr10 functions in trans to activate core stem cell factor genes and enhance pluripotent reprogramming. Using RNA reverse transcription-associated trap sequencing (RAT-seq), we show that Platr10 interacts with multiple pluripotency-associated genes, including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc, which have been extensively used to reprogram somatic cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that Platr10 helps orchestrate intrachromosomal promoter-enhancer looping and recruits TET1, the enzyme that actively induces DNA demethylation for the initiation of pluripotency. We further show that Platr10 contains an Oct4 binding element that interacts with the Oct4 promoter and a TET1-binding element that recruits TET1. Mutation of either of these two elements abolishes Platr10 activity. Conclusion These data suggest that Platr10 functions as a novel chromatin RNA molecule to control pluripotency in trans by modulating chromatin architecture and regulating DNA methylation in the core stem cell factor network. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13059-021-02444-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Du
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, People's Republic of China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Xue Wen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, People's Republic of China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Lin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, People's Republic of China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Shilin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, People's Republic of China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Yudi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, People's Republic of China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, People's Republic of China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingcheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajing Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Huiling Chen
- Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.,Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, People's Republic of China
| | - Naifei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, People's Republic of China
| | - Ilkay Celik
- Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Yanbo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, People's Republic of China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Changhao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, People's Republic of China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, People's Republic of China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Benzheng Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, People's Republic of China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, People's Republic of China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510530, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Jianjun Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoming Qin
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510530, People's Republic of China
| | - Sujun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, People's Republic of China
| | - Philipp Kapranov
- Institute of Genomics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Miguel A Esteban
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510530, People's Republic of China
| | - Songling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, People's Republic of China
| | - Ferhat Ay
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Runsheng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrew R Hoffman
- Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, People's Republic of China. .,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
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11
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Inflammation, epigenetics, and metabolism converge to cell senescence and ageing: the regulation and intervention. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:245. [PMID: 34176928 PMCID: PMC8236488 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Remarkable progress in ageing research has been achieved over the past decades. General perceptions and experimental evidence pinpoint that the decline of physical function often initiates by cell senescence and organ ageing. Epigenetic dynamics and immunometabolic reprogramming link to the alterations of cellular response to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, representing current hotspots as they not only (re-)shape the individual cell identity, but also involve in cell fate decision. This review focuses on the present findings and emerging concepts in epigenetic, inflammatory, and metabolic regulations and the consequences of the ageing process. Potential therapeutic interventions targeting cell senescence and regulatory mechanisms, using state-of-the-art techniques are also discussed.
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12
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Wiater J, Samiec M, Skrzyszowska M, Lipiński D. Trichostatin A-Assisted Epigenomic Modulation Affects the Expression Profiles of Not Only Recombinant Human α1,2-Fucosyltransferase and α-Galactosidase A Enzymes But Also Galα1→3Gal Epitopes in Porcine Bi-Transgenic Adult Cutaneous Fibroblast Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1386. [PMID: 33573215 PMCID: PMC7866526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore whether trichostatin A-assisted epigenomic modulation (TSA-EM) can affect the expression of not only recombinant human α1,2-fucosyltransferase (rhα1,2-FT) and α-galactosidase A (rhα-Gal A) immune system enzymes but also Galα1→3Gal epitopes in ex vivo proliferating adult cutaneous fibroblast cells (ACFCs) derived from hFUT2×hGLA bi-transgenic pigs that had been produced for the needs of future xenotransplantation efforts. The ACFC lines were treated with 50 nM TSA for 24 h and then the expression profiles of rhα1,2-FT and rhα-Gal A enzymes were analyzed by Western blot and immunofluorescence. The expression profiles of the Galα1→3Gal epitope were determined by lectin blotting and lectin fluorescence. The ACFCs derived from non-transgenic (nTG) pigs were served as the negative (TSA-) and positive (TSA+) control groups. For both hFUT2×hGLA and nTG samples, the expression levels of α1,2-FT and α-Gal A proteins in TSA+ cells were more than twofold higher in comparison to TSA- cells. Moreover, a much lower expression of the Galα1→3Gal epitopes was shown in TSA- hFUT2×hGLA cells as compared to the TSA- nTG group. Interestingly, the levels of Galα1→3Gal expression in TSA-treated hFUT2×hGLA and nTG ACFCs were significantly higher than those noticed for their TSA-untreated counterparts. Summing up, ex vivo protection of effectively selected bi-transgenic ACFC lines, in which TSA-dependent epigenetic transformation triggered the enhancements in reprogrammability and subsequent expression of hFUT2 and hGLA transgenes and their corresponding transcripts, allows for cryopreservation of nuclear donor cells, nuclear-transferred female gametes, and resultant porcine cloned embryos. The latter can be used as a cryogenically conserved genetic resource of biological materials suitable for generation of bi-transgenic cloned offspring in pigs that is targeted at biomedical research in the field of cell/tissue xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Wiater
- Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7 Street, 31-034 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Samiec
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology and Cryoconservation, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1 Street, 32-083 Balice n. Kraków, Poland;
| | - Maria Skrzyszowska
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology and Cryoconservation, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1 Street, 32-083 Balice n. Kraków, Poland;
| | - Daniel Lipiński
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11 Street, 60-647 Poznań, Poland;
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13
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Krasic J, Skara L, Ulamec M, Katusic Bojanac A, Dabelic S, Bulic-Jakus F, Jezek D, Sincic N. Teratoma Growth Retardation by HDACi Treatment of the Tumor Embryonal Source. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113416. [PMID: 33217978 PMCID: PMC7698704 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Testicular germ cell tumors are the most common neoplasms in young male populations, with a rising incidence. Among them, teratomas may often be very aggressive and resistant to therapy. Our aim was to investigate the impact of two potential anti-tumor epigenetic drugs (Valproate and Trichostatin A) in a mammalian model of teratoma development from an early trilaminar mouse embryo. Both drugs applied to the embryonic tissue had a significant negative impact on the teratoma growth in a three-dimensional in vitro culture. However, Trichostatin A did not diminish some potentially dangerous features of teratomas in contrast to Valproate. This research is an original contribution to the basic knowledge of the origin and development of teratomas. Such knowledge is necessary for envisioning therapeutic strategies against human testicular tumors. Abstract Among testicular germ cell tumors, teratomas may often be very aggressive and therapy-resistant. Our aim was to investigate the impact of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) on the in vitro growth of experimental mouse teratoma by treating their embryonic source, the embryo-proper, composed only of the three germ layers. The growth of teratomas was measured for seven days, and histopathological analysis, IHC/morphometry quantification, gene enrichment analysis, and qPCR analysis on a selected panel of pluripotency and early differentiation genes followed. For the first time, within teratomas, we histopathologically assessed the undifferentiated component containing cancer stem cell-like cells (CSCLCs) and differentiated components containing numerous lymphocytes. Mitotic indices were higher than apoptotic indices in both components. Both HDACi treatments of the embryos-proper significantly reduced teratoma growth, although this could be related neither to apoptosis nor proliferation. Trichostatin A increased the amount of CSCLCs, and upregulated the mRNA expression of pluripotency/stemness genes as well as differentiation genes, e.g., T and Eomes. Valproate decreased the amount of CSCLCs, and downregulated the expressions of pluripotency/stemness and differentiation genes. In conclusion, both HDACi treatments diminished the inherent tumorigenic growth potential of the tumor embryonal source, although Trichostatin A did not diminish the potentially dangerous expression of cancer-related genes and the amount of CSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jure Krasic
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.K.); (L.S.); (A.K.B.); (F.B.-J.)
- Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Lucija Skara
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.K.); (L.S.); (A.K.B.); (F.B.-J.)
- Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Monika Ulamec
- Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Ljudevit Jurak Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Katusic Bojanac
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.K.); (L.S.); (A.K.B.); (F.B.-J.)
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Sanja Dabelic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Floriana Bulic-Jakus
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.K.); (L.S.); (A.K.B.); (F.B.-J.)
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Davor Jezek
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nino Sincic
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.K.); (L.S.); (A.K.B.); (F.B.-J.)
- Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-45-66-806; Fax: +385-45-960-199
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14
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Wang Y, Tang Z, Gu P. Stem/progenitor cell-based transplantation for retinal degeneration: a review of clinical trials. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:793. [PMID: 32968042 PMCID: PMC7511341 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02955-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Retinal degeneration (RD) is one of the dominant causes of irreversible vision impairment and blindness worldwide. However, the current effective therapeutics for RD in the ophthalmologic clinic are unclear and controversial. In recent years, extensively investigated stem/progenitor cells—including retinal progenitor cells (RPCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)—with proliferation and multidirectional differentiation potential have presented opportunities to revolutionise the ultimate clinical management of RD. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview on the progression of clinical trials for RD treatment using four types of stem/progenitor cell-based transplantation to replace degenerative retinal cells and/or to supplement trophic factors from the aspects of safety, effectiveness and their respective advantages and disadvantages. In addition, we also discuss the emerging role of stem cells in the secretion of multifunctional nanoscale exosomes by which stem cells could be further exploited as a potential RD therapy. This review will facilitate the understanding of scientists and clinicians of the enormous promise of stem/progenitor cell-based transplantation for RD treatment, and provide incentive for superior employment of such strategies that may be suitable for treatment of other diseases, such as stroke and ischaemia–reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, P.R. China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, P.R. China.
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15
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Abstract
Derivation of induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) by reprogramming somatic cells to a pluripotent state has revolutionized stem cell research. Ensuing this, various groups have used genetic and non-genetic approaches to generate iPSCs from numerous cell types. However, achieving a pluripotent state in most of the reprogramming studies is marred by serious limitations such as low reprogramming efficiency and slow kinetics. These limitations are mainly due to the presence of potent barriers that exist during reprogramming when a mature cell is coaxed to achieve a pluripotent state. Several studies have revealed that intrinsic factors such as non-optimal stoichiometry of reprogramming factors, specific signaling pathways, cellular senescence, pluripotency-inhibiting transcription factors and microRNAs act as a roadblock. In addition, the epigenetic state of somatic cells and specific epigenetic modifications that occur during reprogramming also remarkably impede the generation of iPSCs. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the barriers that inhibit reprogramming and the understanding of which will pave the way to develop safe strategies for efficient reprogramming.
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16
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Borgohain MP, Haridhasapavalan KK, Dey C, Adhikari P, Thummer RP. An Insight into DNA-free Reprogramming Approaches to Generate Integration-free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Prospective Biomedical Applications. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 15:286-313. [PMID: 30417242 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9861-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
More than a decade ago, a pioneering study reported generation of induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) by ectopic expression of a cocktail of reprogramming factors in fibroblasts. This study has revolutionized stem cell research and has garnered immense interest from the scientific community globally. iPSCs hold tremendous potential for understanding human developmental biology, disease modeling, drug screening and discovery, and personalized cell-based therapeutic applications. The seminal study identified Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc as a potent combination of genes to induce reprogramming. Subsequently, various reprogramming factors were identified by numerous groups. Most of these studies have used integrating viral vectors to overexpress reprogramming factors in somatic cells to derive iPSCs. However, these techniques restrict the clinical applicability of these cells as they may alter the genome due to random viral integration resulting in insertional mutagenesis and tumorigenicity. To circumvent this issue, alternative integration-free reprogramming approaches are continuously developed that eliminate the risk of genomic modifications and improve the prospects of iPSCs from lab to clinic. These methods establish that integration of transgenes into the genome is not essential to induce pluripotency in somatic cells. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the most promising DNA-free reprogramming techniques that have the potential to derive integration-free iPSCs without genomic manipulation, such as sendai virus, recombinant proteins, microRNAs, synthetic messenger RNA and small molecules. The understanding of these approaches shall pave a way for the generation of clinical-grade iPSCs. Subsequently, these iPSCs can be differentiated into desired cell type(s) for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manash P Borgohain
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Haridhasapavalan
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Chandrima Dey
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Poulomi Adhikari
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Rajkumar P Thummer
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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17
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Jia L, Wang Y, Wang C, Du Z, Zhang S, Wen X, Zhou L, Li H, Chen H, Li D, Zhang S, Li W, Xu W, Hoffman AR, Cui J, Hu JF. Oplr16 serves as a novel chromatin factor to control stem cell fate by modulating pluripotency-specific chromosomal looping and TET2-mediated DNA demethylation. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:3935-3948. [PMID: 32055844 PMCID: PMC7144914 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation of a pluripotency-specific chromatin network is a critical event in reprogramming somatic cells into pluripotent status. To characterize the regulatory components in this process, we used ‘chromatin RNA in situ reverse transcription sequencing’ (CRIST-seq) to profile RNA components that interact with the pluripotency master gene Oct4. Using this approach, we identified a novel nuclear lncRNA Oplr16 that was closely involved in the initiation of reprogramming. Oplr16 not only interacted with the Oct4 promoter and regulated its activity, but it was also specifically activated during reprogramming to pluripotency. Active expression of Oplr16 was required for optimal maintenance of pluripotency in embryonic stem cells. Oplr16 was also able to enhance reprogramming of fibroblasts into pluripotent cells. RNA reverse transcription-associated trap sequencing (RAT-seq) indicated that Oplr16 interacted with multiple target genes related to stem cell self-renewal. Of note, Oplr16 utilized its 3′-fragment to recruit the chromatin factor SMC1 to orchestrate pluripotency-specific intrachromosomal looping. After binding to the Oct4 promoter, Oplr16 recruited TET2 to induce DNA demethylation and activate Oct4 in fibroblasts, leading to enhanced reprogramming. These data suggest that Oplr16 may act as a pivotal chromatin factor to control stem cell fate by modulating chromatin architecture and DNA demethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Yichen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Zhonghua Du
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Shilin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Xue Wen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Huiling Chen
- Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.,Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Songling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Andrew R Hoffman
- Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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18
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Zhu Y, Yan Z, Du Z, Zhang S, Fu C, Meng Y, Wen X, Wang Y, Hoffman AR, Hu JF, Cui J, Li W. Osblr8 orchestrates intrachromosomal loop structure required for maintaining stem cell pluripotency. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:1861-1875. [PMID: 32398955 PMCID: PMC7211171 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.45112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), derived from reprogramming of somatic cells by a cocktail of transcription factors, have the capacity for unlimited self-renewal and the ability to differentiate into all of cell types present in the body. iPSCs may have therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine, replacing injured tissues or even whole organs. In this study, we examine epigenetic factors embedded in the specific 3-dimensional intrachromosomal architecture required for the activation of endogenous pluripotency genes. Using chromatin RNA in situ reverse transcription sequencing (CRIST-seq), we identified an Oct4-Sox2 binding long noncoding RNA, referred as to Osblr8, that is present in association with pluripotency status. Osblr8 was highly expressed in iPSCs and E14 embryonic stem cells, but it was silenced in fibroblasts. By using shRNA to knock down Osblr8, we found that this lncRNA was required for the maintenance of pluripotency. Overexpression of Osblr8 activated endogenous stem cell core factor genes. Mechanistically, Osblr8 participated in the formation of an intrachromosomal looping structure that is required to activate stem cell core factors during reprogramming. In summary, we have demonstrated that lncRNA Osblr8 is a chromatin architecture modulator of pluripotency-associated master gene promoters, highlighting its critical epigenetic role in reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Zi Yan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Zhonghua Du
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Shilin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Changhao Fu
- Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Ying Meng
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Xue Wen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yizhuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Andrew R Hoffman
- Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
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19
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Salami H, Mowal SJ, Moukhah R, Hajebrahimi Z, Hosseini SA, Edalat H. Evaluating the Differential Effects of Valproic Acid on Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 9:497-504. [PMID: 31592436 PMCID: PMC6773934 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibitor, valproic acid (VPA), is a common
antiepileptic drug and is attractive for its broad range of therapeutic effects on many diseases. It
has been employed as an inducer of pluripotency in some cultured cells. Conversely, VPA has
also been employed as an inducer of in vitro differentiation in many other cells. Therefore, we
employed WJMSCs as a cellular target to evaluate the differential effects of of VPA on potency
state and differentiation level of Wharton’s Jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) in various
concentrations and different culture mediums.
Methods: The isolated WJMSCs were cultured in DMEM (MSC medium). According to previous
protocols, WJMSCs were treated with 0, 0.5 and 1 mM VPA in MSC or embryonic stem cell (ESC)
medium and 2 mM VPA in neural differentiation medium. Real-time polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) and western blot analysis were performed for evaluating the expression of pluripotency
markers. MTT and caspase assays were also performed on VPA-treated cells.
Results: The expression of pluripotency markers and the viability of the WJMSCs – determined
by MTT assay – were significantly increased after 0.5 mM VPA treatment in ESC medium. A 2
mM VPA treatment in neural differentiation medium significantly diminished the expression of
pluripotency markers and the viability of WJMSCs.
Conclusion: According to our results, both VPA concentration and the medium context can
influence VPA effects on WJMSCs. The differential effects of VPA on WJMSCs can reflect its wide
range of effects in the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Salami
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Javad Mowal
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Moukhah
- Quality assurance Department, Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Hajebrahimi
- Aerospace Research Institute, Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Houri Edalat
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Zhang S, Wang Y, Jia L, Wen X, Du Z, Wang C, Hao Y, Yu D, Zhou L, Chen N, Chen J, Chen H, Zhang H, Celik I, Gülsoy G, Luo J, Qin B, Cui X, Liu Z, Zhang S, Esteban MA, Ay F, Xu W, Chen R, Li W, Hoffman AR, Hu JF, Cui J. Profiling the long noncoding RNA interaction network in the regulatory elements of target genes by chromatin in situ reverse transcription sequencing. Genome Res 2019; 29:1521-1532. [PMID: 31315906 PMCID: PMC6724666 DOI: 10.1101/gr.244996.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can regulate the activity of target genes by participating in the organization of chromatin architecture. We have devised a “chromatin-RNA in situ reverse transcription sequencing” (CRIST-seq) approach to profile the lncRNA interaction network in gene regulatory elements by combining the simplicity of RNA biotin labeling with the specificity of the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Using gene-specific gRNAs, we describe a pluripotency-specific lncRNA interacting network in the promoters of Sox2 and Pou5f1, two critical stem cell factors that are required for the maintenance of pluripotency. The promoter-interacting lncRNAs were specifically activated during reprogramming into pluripotency. Knockdown of these lncRNAs caused the stem cells to exit from pluripotency. In contrast, overexpression of the pluripotency-associated lncRNA activated the promoters of core stem cell factor genes and enhanced fibroblast reprogramming into pluripotency. These CRIST-seq data suggest that the Sox2 and Pou5f1 promoters are organized within a unique lncRNA interaction network that determines the fate of pluripotency during reprogramming. This CRIST approach may be broadly used to map lncRNA interaction networks at target loci across the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Yichen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Lin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Xue Wen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Zhonghua Du
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
| | - Yajing Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Dehai Yu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Naifei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Jingcheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
| | - Huiling Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, P.R. China
| | - Ilkay Celik
- Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
| | - Günhan Gülsoy
- Google Incorporated, Mountain View, California 94043, USA
| | - Jianjun Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Baoming Qin
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, P.R. China
| | - Xueling Cui
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zhonghui Liu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Songling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Miguel A Esteban
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, P.R. China
| | - Ferhat Ay
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Runsheng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Andrew R Hoffman
- Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
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21
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VPA selectively regulates pluripotency gene expression on donor cell and improve SCNT embryo development. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2018; 54:496-504. [PMID: 29943354 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-018-0272-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
SCNT technology has been successfully used to clone a variety of mammals, but the cloning efficiency is very low. This low efficiency is likely due to the incomplete reprogramming of SCNT embryos. Histone modification and DNA methylation may participate in these events. Thus, it would be interesting to attempt to improve the efficiency of SCNT by using a HDACi VPA. In order to guarantee the effect of VPA and reduce its cytotoxicity, a comprehensive analysis of the cell proliferation and histone modification was performed. The results showed that 0.5 and 1 mM VPA treatment for 24 h were the optimal condition. According to the results, H3K4me3 was increased in 0.5 and 1 mM VPA groups, whereas H3K9me2 was significantly decreased. These are the signals of gene-activation. In addition, VPA treatment led to the overexpression of Oct4 and Nanog. These indicated that VPA-treated cells had similar patterns of histone to zygotic embryos, and may be more favorable for reprograming. A total of 833 cloned embryos were produced from the experimental replicates of VPA-treated donor cells. In 1 mM treatment group, the blastocyst rates were significantly increased compared with control. At the same time, our findings demonstrated the interrelation between DNA methylation and histone modifications.
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22
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Agrawal H, Selokar NL, Saini M, Singh MK, Chauhan MS, Palta P, Singla SK, Manik RS. m-carboxycinnamic acid bishydroxamide improves developmental competence, reduces apoptosis and alters epigenetic status and gene expression pattern in cloned buffalo (Bubalus bubalis
) embryos. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 53:986-996. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Agrawal
- Embryo Biotechnology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre; ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal Haryana India
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences; Lovely Professional University; Phagwara Punjab India
| | - NL Selokar
- Embryo Biotechnology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre; ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal Haryana India
- Division of Animal Physiology and Reproduction; ICAR- Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes; Hisar Haryana India
| | - M Saini
- Embryo Biotechnology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre; ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal Haryana India
- Division of Animal Physiology and Reproduction; ICAR- Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes; Hisar Haryana India
| | - MK Singh
- Embryo Biotechnology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre; ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal Haryana India
| | - MS Chauhan
- Embryo Biotechnology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre; ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal Haryana India
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats; Mathura Uttar Pradesh India
| | - P Palta
- Embryo Biotechnology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre; ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal Haryana India
| | - SK Singla
- Embryo Biotechnology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre; ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal Haryana India
| | - RS Manik
- Embryo Biotechnology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre; ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal Haryana India
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23
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Targeting the IGF1R Pathway in Breast Cancer Using Antisense lncRNA-Mediated Promoter cis Competition. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 12:105-117. [PMID: 30195750 PMCID: PMC6023958 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF1R) signaling pathway serves as a well-established target for cancer drug therapy. The intragenic antisense long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) IRAIN, a putative tumor suppressor, is downregulated in breast cancer cells, while IGF1R is overexpressed, leading to an abnormal IGF1R/IRAIN ratio that promotes tumor growth. To precisely target this pathway, we developed an “antisense lncRNA-mediated intragenic cis competition” (ALIC) approach to therapeutically correct the elevated IGF1R/IRAIN bias in breast cancer cells. We used CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to target the weak promoter of IRAIN antisense lncRNA and showed that in targeted clones, intragenic activation of the antisense lncRNA potently competed in cis with the promoter of the IGF1R sense mRNA. Notably, the normalization of IGF1R/IRAIN transcription inhibited the IGF1R signaling pathway in breast cancer cells, decreasing cell proliferation, tumor sphere formation, migration, and invasion. Using “nuclear RNA reverse transcription-associated trap” sequencing, we uncovered an IRAIN lncRNA-specific interactome containing gene targets involved in cell metastasis, signaling pathways, and cell immortalization. These data suggest that aberrantly upregulated IGF1R in breast cancer cells can be precisely targeted by cis transcription competition, thus providing a useful strategy to target disease genes in the development of novel precision medicine therapies.
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24
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Ding X, Zhong T, Jiang L, Huang J, Xia Y, Hu R. miR-25 enhances cell migration and invasion in non-small-cell lung cancer cells via ERK signaling pathway by inhibiting KLF4. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7005-7016. [PMID: 29568911 PMCID: PMC5928655 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) have gained increasing interest in cancer research. Increasing evidences demonstrated that miRNAs are important for tumor early detection and prognosis. The present study aimed to explore the function of miR-25 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its underlying mechanisms. The expression levels of miR-25 and Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) were assessed in 31 pairs of tissue from patients with NSCLC. In addition, the biological roles of miR-25 in NSCLC were analyzed via a cell wound healing assay, Transwell invasion and migration assays. Target genes of miR-25 were predicted using TargetScan and verified via a dual luciferase activity assay, western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The downstream signaling pathway was confirmed by western blot analysis. In the present study, miR-25 was overexpressed in 31 NSCLC samples compared with in corresponding normal tissues. Overexpression of miR-25 using miR-25 mimics markedly promoted NSCLC cell migration and invasion, while inhibition of miR-25 exerted the opposite effect. KLF4 was suggested to be a novel target gene of miR-25 in NSCLC cells. Knockdown of KLF4 promoted the migration and invasion of NSCLC cells, whereas rescue of KLF4 expression reduced cell motion ability in miR-25-overexpressing NSCLC cells. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that miR-25 activated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway, which eventually led to increased vimentin, matrix metalloproteinase 11 and N-cadherin levels, and the downregulation of E-cadherin expression by inhibiting the expression of KLF4. In conclusion, miR-25 was demonstrated to activate the ERK signaling pathway by directly targeting KLF4, promoting cell migration and invasion. The findings of the present study indicated that miR-25 or KLF4 may serve as a therapeutic target for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Lixia Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Junyun Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Xia
- Graduate Student Major of Laboratory Medicine of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
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25
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Zhang Y, Hu JF, Wang H, Cui J, Gao S, Hoffman AR, Li W. CRISPR Cas9-guided chromatin immunoprecipitation identifies miR483 as an epigenetic modulator of IGF2 imprinting in tumors. Oncotarget 2018; 8:34177-34190. [PMID: 27486969 PMCID: PMC5470959 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The normally imprinted insulin-like growth factor II (IGF2) gene is aberrantly upregulated in a variety of human malignancies, yet the mechanisms underlying this dysregulation are still poorly defined. In this report, we used a CRISPR Cas9-guided chromatin immunoprecipitation assay to characterize the molecular components that participate in the control of IGF2 gene expression in human tumor cells. We found that miR483, an oncogenic intronic miRNA, binds to the most upstream imprinted IGF2 promoter, P2. Ectopic expression of miR483 induced upregulation of IGF2 expression, in parallel with an increase in tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor colony formation. miR483 induced loss of IGF2 imprinting by altering the epigenotype at P2, with reduction in histone H3K27 methylation and a decrease in chromatin binding of two imprinting regulatory factors, CTCF and SUZ12. This study identifies a new role for miR483 in the regulation of IGF2 gene expression through the alteration of the promoter epigenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhang
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Sujun Gao
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Andrew R Hoffman
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
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26
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Epigenetic regulation in cell senescence. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:1257-1268. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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27
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Driessen BJ, Logie C, Vonk LA. Cellular reprogramming for clinical cartilage repair. Cell Biol Toxicol 2017; 33:329-349. [PMID: 28144824 PMCID: PMC5493710 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-017-9382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The repair of articular cartilage needs a sufficient number of chondrocytes to replace the defect tissue, and therefore, expansion of cells is generally required. Chondrocytes derived by cellular reprogramming may provide a solution to the limitations of current (stem) cell-based therapies. In this article, two distinct approaches-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-mediated reprogramming and direct lineage conversion-are analysed and compared according to criteria that encompass the qualification of the method and the derived chondrocytes for the purpose of clinical application. Progress in iPSC generation has provided insights into the replacement of reprogramming factors by small molecules and chemical compounds. As follows, multistage chondrogenic differentiation methods have shown to improve the chondrocyte yield and quality. Nevertheless, the iPSC 'detour' remains a time- and cost-consuming approach. Direct conversion of fibroblasts into chondrocytes provides a slight advantage over these aspects compared to the iPSC detour. However, the requirement of constitutive transgene expression to inhibit hypertrophic differentiation limits this approach of being translated to the clinic. It can be concluded that the quality of the derived chondrocytes highly depends on the characteristics of the reprogramming method and that this is important to keep in mind during the experimental set-up. Further research into both reprogramming approaches for clinical cartilage repair has to include proper control groups and epigenetic profiling to optimize the techniques and eventually derive functionally stable articular chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta J.H. Driessen
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Colin Logie
- Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucienne A. Vonk
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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28
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Rawat N, Singh MK. Induced pluripotent stem cell: A headway in reprogramming with promising approach in regenerative biology. Vet World 2017; 10:640-649. [PMID: 28717316 PMCID: PMC5499081 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.640-649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the embryonic stem cells have knocked the doorsteps, they have proved themselves in the field of science, research, and medicines, but the hovered restrictions confine their application in human welfare. Alternate approaches used to reprogram the cells to the pluripotent state were not up to par, but the innovation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) paved a new hope for the researchers. Soon after the discovery, iPSCs technology is undergoing renaissance day by day, i.e., from the use of genetic material to recombinant proteins and now only chemicals are employed to convert somatic cells to iPSCs. Thus, this technique is moving straightforward and productive at an astonishing pace. Here, we provide a brief introduction to iPSCs, the mechanism and methods for their generation, their prevailing and prospective applications and the future opportunities that can be expected from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rawat
- Embryo Biotechnology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal - 132 001, Haryana, India
| | - M K Singh
- Embryo Biotechnology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal - 132 001, Haryana, India
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29
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Pang J, Yan X, Cao H, Qian L, He H, Tian H, Han F, Wang G, Chen X, Zhao Y, Hu JF, Cui J. Knockdown of COPS3 Inhibits Lung Cancer Tumor Growth in Nude Mice by Blocking Cell Cycle Progression. J Cancer 2017; 8:1129-1136. [PMID: 28607586 PMCID: PMC5463426 DOI: 10.7150/jca.16201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COPS3 encodes the third subunit of the COP9 signalosome and its aberrant expression is associated with many RITE ("Region of Increased Tumor Expression") genes in lung cancer tissues. To elucidate the specific role of COPS3 in lung cancer, we examined its expression in lung cancer tissues by immunohistochemical staining. We found that COPS3 was overexpressed in most of the lung cancer samples examined, particularly in small cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The expression of COPS3 protein was positively correlated with the level of Ki-67 cell proliferation index (p=0.001) and negatively related to the degree of tumor differentiation (p=0.012). In a xenograft tumor model in nude mice, shRNA-knockdown of COPS3 significantly reduced tumor growth. In lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, shRNA-knockdown of COPS3 induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase by upregulating the cell cycle regulator protein P21 and downregulating cyclin B1 and CDK4. These data suggest that COPS3 may promote tumor growth by regulating cell-cycle associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Pang
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71. Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xu Yan
- Pathological diagnostic Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71.Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - He Cao
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71. Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lei Qian
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71. Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hua He
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71. Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Huimin Tian
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71. Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Fujun Han
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71. Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71. Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71. Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yuguang Zhao
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71. Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71. Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
- Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71. Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
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Mitochondrial DNA Hypomethylation Is a Biomarker Associated with Induced Senescence in Human Fetal Heart Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:1764549. [PMID: 28484495 PMCID: PMC5397648 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1764549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Fetal heart can regenerate to restore its normal anatomy and function in response to injury, but this regenerative capacity is lost within the first week of postnatal life. Although the specific molecular mechanisms remain to be defined, it is presumed that aging of cardiac stem or progenitor cells may contribute to the loss of regenerative potential. Methods. To study this aging-related dysfunction, we cultured mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human fetal heart tissues. Senescence was induced by exposing cells to chronic oxidative stress/low serum. Mitochondrial DNA methylation was examined during the period of senescence. Results. Senescent MSCs exhibited flattened and enlarged morphology and were positive for the senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal). By scanning the entire mitochondrial genome, we found that four CpG islands were hypomethylated in close association with senescence in MSCs. The mitochondrial COX1 gene, which encodes the main subunit of the cytochrome c oxidase complex and contains the differentially methylated CpG island 4, was upregulated in MSCs in parallel with the onset of senescence. Knockdown of DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3B) also upregulated COX1 expression and induced cellular senescence in MSCs. Conclusions. This study demonstrates that mitochondrial CpG hypomethylation may serve as a critical biomarker associated with cellular senescence induced by chronic oxidative stress.
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HDAC Inhibitors as Epigenetic Regulators of the Immune System: Impacts on Cancer Therapy and Inflammatory Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8797206. [PMID: 27556043 PMCID: PMC4983322 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8797206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are powerful epigenetic regulators that have enormous therapeutic potential and have pleiotropic effects at the cellular and systemic levels. To date, HDAC inhibitors are used clinically for a wide variety of disorders ranging from hematopoietic malignancies to psychiatric disorders, are known to have anti-inflammatory properties, and are in clinical trials for several other diseases. In addition to influencing gene expression, HDAC enzymes also function as part of large, multisubunit complexes which have many nonhistone targets, alter signaling at the cellular and systemic levels, and result in divergent and cell-type specific effects. Thus, the effects of HDAC inhibitor treatment are too intricate to completely understand with current knowledge but the ability of HDAC inhibitors to modulate the immune system presents intriguing therapeutic possibilities. This review will explore the complexity of HDAC inhibitor treatment at the cellular and systemic levels and suggest strategies for effective use of HDAC inhibitors in biomedical research, focusing on the ability of HDAC inhibitors to modulate the immune system. The possibility of combining the documented anticancer effects and newly emerging immunomodulatory effects of HDAC inhibitors represents a promising new combinatorial therapeutic approach for HDAC inhibitor treatments.
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Abstract
Cell reprogramming to pluripotency is an inefficient process and various approaches have been devised to improve the yield of induced pluripotent stem cells. However, the effect of biophysical factors on cell reprogramming is not well understood. Here we showed that, for the first time, dynamic culture with orbital shaking significantly improved the reprogramming efficiency in adherent cells. Manipulating the viscosity of the culture medium suggested that the improved efficiency is mainly attributed to convective mixing rather than hydrodynamic shear stress. Temporal studies demonstrated that the enhancement of reprogramming efficiency required the dynamic culture in the middle but not early phase. In the early phase, fibroblasts had a high proliferation rate, but as the culture became over-confluent in the middle phase, expression of p57 was upregulated to inhibit cell proliferation and consequently, cell reprogramming. Subjecting the over confluent culture to orbital shaking prevented the upregulation of p57, thus improving reprogramming efficiency. Seeding cells at low densities to avoid over-confluency resulted in a lower efficiency, and optimal reprogramming efficiency was attained at a high seeding density with dynamic culture. Our findings provide insight into the underlying mechanisms of how dynamic culture condition regulate cell reprogramming, and will have broad impact on cell engineering for regenerative medicine and disease modeling.
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Chemically Induced Reprogramming of Somatic Cells to Pluripotent Stem Cells and Neural Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:226. [PMID: 26861316 PMCID: PMC4783958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to generate transplantable neural cells in a large quantity in the laboratory is a critical step in the field of developing stem cell regenerative medicine for neural repair. During the last few years, groundbreaking studies have shown that cell fate of adult somatic cells can be reprogrammed through lineage specific expression of transcription factors (TFs)-and defined culture conditions. This key concept has been used to identify a number of potent small molecules that could enhance the efficiency of reprogramming with TFs. Recently, a growing number of studies have shown that small molecules targeting specific epigenetic and signaling pathways can replace all of the reprogramming TFs. Here, we provide a detailed review of the studies reporting the generation of chemically induced pluripotent stem cells (ciPSCs), neural stem cells (ciNSCs), and neurons (ciN). We also discuss the main mechanisms of actions and the pathways that the small molecules regulate during chemical reprogramming.
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Chen X, Zhai Y, Yu D, Cui J, Hu JF, Li W. Valproic Acid Enhances iPSC Induction From Human Bone Marrow-Derived Cells Through the Suppression of Reprogramming-Induced Senescence. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:1719-27. [PMID: 26620855 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Reprogramming of human somatic cells into pluripotent cells (iPSCs) by defined transcription factors is an extremely inefficient process. Treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) during reprogramming can improve the induction of iPSCs. To examine the specific mechanism underlying the role of VPA in reprogramming, we transfected human bone marrow-derived cells (HSC-J2 and HSC-L1) with lentiviruses carrying defined factors (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC, OSKM) in the presence of VPA. We found that, OSKM lentiviruses caused significant senescence in transfected cells. Administration of VPA, however, significantly suppressed this reprogramming-induced stress. Notably, VPA treatment improved cell proliferation in the early stages of reprogramming, and this was related to the down-regulation of the activated p16/p21 pathway. In addition, VPA also released the G2/M phase blockade in lentivirus-transfected cells. This study demonstrates a new mechanistic role of the histone deacetylase inhibitor in enhancing the induction of pluripotency. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 1719-1727, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China.,Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, California
| | - Yingying Zhai
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China.,Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, California
| | - Dehai Yu
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China.,Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, California
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China.,Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, California
| | - Wei Li
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
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