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Shen Z, Yu N, Zhang Y, Jia M, Sun Y, Li Y, Zhao L. The potential roles of HIF-1α in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and ferroptosis in tumor cells. Cell Signal 2024; 122:111345. [PMID: 39134249 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
In tumors, the rapid proliferation of cells and the imperfect blood supply system lead to hypoxia, which can regulate the adaptation of tumor cells to the hypoxic environment through hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and promote tumor development in multiple ways. Recent studies have found that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and ferroptosis play important roles in the progression of tumor cells. The activation of HIF-1α is considered a key factor in inducing EMT in tumor cells. When HIF-1α is activated, it can regulate EMT-related genes, causing tumor cells to gradually lose their epithelial characteristics and acquire more invasive mesenchymal traits. The occurrence of EMT allows tumor cells to better adapt to changes in the surrounding tissue, enhancing their migratory and invasive capabilities, thus promoting tumor progression. At the same time, HIF-1α also plays a crucial regulatory role in ferroptosis in tumor cells. In a hypoxic environment, HIF-1α may affect processes such as iron metabolism and oxidative stress responses, inducing ferroptosis in tumor cells. This article briefly reviews the dual role of HIF-1α in EMT and ferroptosis in tumor cells, helping to gain a deeper understanding of the regulatory pathways of HIF-1α in the development of tumor cells, providing a new perspective for understanding the pathogenesis of tumors. The regulation of HIF-1α may become an important strategy for future tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjun Shen
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041 Jilin, China
| | - Na Yu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041 Jilin, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041 Jilin, China
| | - Mingbo Jia
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041 Jilin, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041 Jilin, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041 Jilin, China
| | - Liyan Zhao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041 Jilin, China.
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Pearson JD, Huang K, Dela Pena LG, Ducarouge B, Mehlen P, Bremner R. Netrin-1 and UNC5B Cooperate with Integrins to Mediate YAP-Driven Cytostasis. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:2374-2383. [PMID: 39172021 PMCID: PMC11384508 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-24-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Opposite expression and pro- or anti-cancer function of YAP and its paralog TAZ/WWTR1 stratify cancers into binary YAPon and YAPoff classes. These transcriptional coactivators are oncogenic in YAPon cancers. In contrast, YAP/TAZ are silenced epigenetically along with their integrin and extracellular matrix adhesion target genes in neural and neuroendocrine YAPoff cancers (e.g., small cell lung cancer, retinoblastoma). Forced YAP/TAZ expression induces these targets, causing cytostasis in part through Integrin-αV/β5, independent of the integrin-binding RGD ligand. Other effectors of this anticancer YAP function are unknown. Here, using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) screens, we link the Netrin receptor UNC5B to YAP-induced cytostasis in YAPoff cancers. Forced YAP expression induces UNC5B through TEAD DNA-binding partners, as either TEAD1/4-loss or a YAP mutation that disrupts TEAD-binding (S94A) blocks, whereas a TEAD-activator fusion (TEAD(DBD)-VP64) promotes UNC5B induction. Ectopic YAP expression also upregulates UNC5B relatives and their netrin ligands in YAPoff cancers. Netrins are considered protumorigenic, but knockout and peptide/decoy receptor blocking assays reveal that in YAPoff cancers, UNC5B and Netrin-1 can cooperate with integrin-αV/β5 to mediate YAP-induced cytostasis. These data pinpoint an unsuspected Netrin-1/UNC5B/integrin-αV/β5 axis as a critical effector of YAP tumor suppressor activity. SIGNIFICANCE Netrins are widely perceived as procancer proteins; however, we uncover an anticancer function for Netrin-1 and its receptor UNC5B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Pearson
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute CancerCare Manitoba & Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Katherine Huang
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
| | - Louis G Dela Pena
- Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute CancerCare Manitoba & Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - Patrick Mehlen
- Netris Pharma, Centre Léon Bérard 28 Rue Laennec, Lyon, France
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEX DEVweCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Rod Bremner
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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3
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Zhao Y, Sun B, Fu X, Zuo Z, Qin H, Yao K. YAP in development and disease: Navigating the regulatory landscape from retina to brain. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116703. [PMID: 38713948 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The distinctive role of Yes-associated protein (YAP) in the nervous system has attracted widespread attention. This comprehensive review strategically uses the retina as a vantage point, embarking on an extensive exploration of YAP's multifaceted impact from the retina to the brain in development and pathology. Initially, we explore the crucial roles of YAP in embryonic and cerebral development. Our focus then shifts to retinal development, examining in detail YAP's regulatory influence on the development of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and retinal progenitor cells (RPCs), and its significant effects on the hierarchical structure and functionality of the retina. We also investigate the essential contributions of YAP in maintaining retinal homeostasis, highlighting its precise regulation of retinal cell proliferation and survival. In terms of retinal-related diseases, we explore the epigenetic connections and pathophysiological regulation of YAP in diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma, and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Lastly, we broaden our exploration from the retina to the brain, emphasizing the research paradigm of "retina: a window to the brain." Special focus is given to the emerging studies on YAP in brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), underlining its potential therapeutic value in neurodegenerative disorders and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Zhao
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xuefei Fu
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Zhuan Zuo
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Huan Qin
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Kai Yao
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
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Wei X, Huang G, Liu J, Ge J, Zhang W, Mei Z. An update on the role of Hippo signaling pathway in ischemia-associated central nervous system diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114619. [PMID: 37004330 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The most frequent reason of morbidity and mortality in the world, cerebral ischemia sets off a chain of molecular and cellular pathologies that associated with some central nervous system (CNS) disorders mainly including ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), epilepsy and other CNS diseases. In recent times, despite significant advancements in the treatment of the pathological processes underlying various neurological illnesses, effective therapeutic approaches that are specifically targeted to minimizing the damage of such diseases remain absent. Hippo signaling pathway, characterized by enzyme linked reactions between MSTI/2, LAST1/2, and YAP or TAZ proteins, controls cell division, survival, and differentiation, as well as being engaged in a variety of biological activities, such as the development and transformation of the nervous system. Recently, accumulating studies demonstrated that Hippo pathway takes part in the processes of ischemic stroke, AD, PD, etc., including but not limited to oxidative stress, inflammatory response, blood-brain barrier damage, mitochondrial disorders, and neural cells death. Thus, it's crucial to understand the molecular basis of the Hippo signaling pathway for determining potential new therapeutic targets against ischemia-associated CNS diseases. Here, we discuss latest advances in the deciphering of the Hippo signaling pathway and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting the pathway in treating ischemia-associated CNS diseases.
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Mentxaka A, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Neira G, Ramírez B, Becerril S, Rodríguez A, Valentí V, Moncada R, Baixauli J, Burrell MA, Silva C, Claro V, Ferro A, Catalán V, Frühbeck G. Increased Expression Levels of Netrin-1 in Visceral Adipose Tissue during Obesity Favour Colon Cancer Cell Migration. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041038. [PMID: 36831381 PMCID: PMC9953821 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Netrin (NTN)-1, an extracellular matrix protein with a crucial role in inflammation, is dysregulated during obesity (OB) and influences colon cancer (CC) progression. To decipher the mechanisms underlying CC development during obesity, we examined the expression of NTN1 and its receptors in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of 74 (25 normal weight (NW)) (16 with CC) and 49 patients with OB (12 with CC). We also evaluated the effect of caloric restriction (CR) on the gene expression levels of Ntn1 and its receptors in the colon from a rat model fed a normal diet. The impact of adipocyte-conditioned media (ACM) from patients with OB and NTN-1 was assessed on the expression levels of neogenin 1(NEO1), deleted in colorectal carcinomas (DCC) and uncoordinated-5 homolog B (UNC5B) in Caco-2 and HT-29 human colorectal cell lines, as well as on Caco-2 cell migration. Increased NTN1 and NEO1 mRNA levels in VAT were due to OB (p < 0.05) and CC (p < 0.001). In addition, an upregulation in the expression levels of DCC and UNC5B in patients with CC (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) was observed. Decreased (p < 0.01) Ntn1 levels in the colon from rats submitted to CR were found. In vitro experiments showed that ACM increased DCC (p < 0.05) and NEO1 (p < 0.01) mRNA levels in HT-29 and Caco-2 cell lines, respectively, while UNC5B decreased (p < 0.01) in HT-29. The treatment with NTN-1 increased (p < 0.05) NEO1 mRNA levels in HT-29 cells and DCC (p < 0.05) in both cell lines. Finally, we revealed a potent migratory effect of ACM and NTN-1 on Caco-2 cells. Collectively, these findings point to increased NTN-1 during OB and CC fuelling cancer progression and exerting a strong migratory effect on colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Mentxaka
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gabriela Neira
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Ramírez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Víctor Valentí
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Moncada
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Anesthesia, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jorge Baixauli
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María A. Burrell
- Department of Histology and Pathology, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Camilo Silva
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Vasco Claro
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Albert Ferro
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (G.F.); Tel.: +34-948-25-54-00 (ext. 4484) (G.F.)
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (G.F.); Tel.: +34-948-25-54-00 (ext. 4484) (G.F.)
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Chen L, Huang X, Chen H, Bao D, Su X, Wei L, Hu N, Huang W, Xiang Z. Hypoxia-mimicking scaffolds with controlled release of DMOG and PTHrP to promote cartilage regeneration via the HIF-1α/YAP signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:716-729. [PMID: 36526060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Efficiently driving chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) while avoiding undesired hypertrophy remains a challenge in the field of cartilage tissue engineering. Here, we report the sequential combined application of dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) to facilitate chondrogenesis and prevent hypertrophy. To support their delivery, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres were fabricated using a double emulsion method. Subsequently, these microspheres were incorporated onto a poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) scaffold with a highly porous structure, high interconnectivity and collagen-like nanofiber architecture to construct a microsphere-based scaffold delivery system. These functional constructs demonstrated that the spatiotemporally controlled release of DMOG and PTHrP effectively mimicked the hypoxic microenvironment to promote chondrogenic differentiation with phenotypic stability in a 3D culture system, which had a certain correlation with the interaction between hypoxia-inducible Factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) and yes-associated protein (YAP). Subcutaneous implantation in nude mice revealed that the constructs were able to maintain cartilage formation in vivo at 4 and 8 weeks. Overall, this study indicated that DMOG and PTHrP controlled-release PLGA microspheres incorporated with PLLA nanofibrous scaffolds provided an advantageous 3D hypoxic microenvironment for efficacious and clinically relevant cartilage regeneration and is a promising treatment for cartilage injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dingsu Bao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xudong Su
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ning Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Zhou Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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Yuan X, Mills T, Doursout MF, Evans SE, Vidal Melo MF, Eltzschig HK. Alternative adenosine Receptor activation: The netrin-Adora2b link. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:944994. [PMID: 35910389 PMCID: PMC9334855 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.944994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During hypoxia or inflammation, extracellular adenosine levels are elevated. Studies using pharmacologic approaches or genetic animal models pertinent to extracellular adenosine signaling implicate this pathway in attenuating hypoxia-associated inflammation. There are four distinct adenosine receptors. Of these, it is not surprising that the Adora2b adenosine receptor functions as an endogenous feedback loop to control hypoxia-associated inflammation. First, Adora2b activation requires higher adenosine concentrations compared to other adenosine receptors, similar to those achieved during hypoxic inflammation. Second, Adora2b is transcriptionally induced during hypoxia or inflammation by hypoxia-inducible transcription factor HIF1A. Studies seeking an alternative adenosine receptor activation mechanism have linked netrin-1 with Adora2b. Netrin-1 was originally discovered as a neuronal guidance molecule but also functions as an immune-modulatory signaling molecule. Similar to Adora2b, netrin-1 is induced by HIF1A, and has been shown to enhance Adora2b signaling. Studies of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), intestinal inflammation, myocardial or hepatic ischemia and reperfusion implicate the netrin-Adora2b link in tissue protection. In this review, we will discuss the potential molecular linkage between netrin-1 and Adora2b, and explore studies demonstrating interactions between netrin-1 and Adora2b in attenuating tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tingting Mills
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Marie-Francoise Doursout
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Scott E. Evans
- Department of Pulmonology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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Bellina M, Bernet A. [Netrin-1, a novel antitumoral target]. Med Sci (Paris) 2022; 38:351-358. [PMID: 35485895 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Netrin-1, a secreted molecule that was first described for its role in guidance during embryogenesis, was then brought to light for its overexpression in a large number of aggressive cancers. Netrin-1 is a ligand of "dependence receptors". In adults, the interaction between Netrine-1 and these receptors triggers the survival, proliferation, and migration of different cell types. This will confer better survival properties to tumor cells, making them more prone to form aggressive tumors. A recently developed novel therapy aims at inhibiting the binding of Netrin-1 to these receptors in order to trigger cell death by apoptosis. This article presents a review of the functional characteristics of the Netrin-1 molecule, and the potential effects of a novel targeted therapy against Netrin-1 that could lead to very promising results in combination with conventional anti-cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Bellina
- Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Agnès Bernet
- Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
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Liu XY, Zhou K, Tian KJ, Yan BJ, Ren Z, Zhou ZX, Xiong WH, Jiang ZS. Hippo: a new hub for atherosclerotic disease. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1321-1328. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220428090540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Hippo,an evolutionarily conserved kinase cascade reaction in organisms,can respond to a set of signals,such as mechanical signals and cell metabolism,to maintain cell growth,differentiation,tissue/organ development and homeostasis.In the past ten years,HIPPO has controlled the development of tissues and organs by regulating the process of cell proliferation,especially in the field of cardiac regeneration after myocardial infarction.This suggests that HIPPO signaling is closely linked to cardiovascular disease.Atherosclerosis is the most common disease of the cardiovascular system. It is characterised by chronic inflammation of the vascular wall, mainly involving dysfunction of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and macrophages.Oxidized Low density lipoprotein (LDL) damages the barrier function of endothelial cells, which enter the middle membrane of the vascular wall, accelerates the formation of foam cells and promotes the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis.Autophagy is associated with the development of atherosclerosis.However, the mechanism of HIPPO regulation of atherosclerosis has not meant to clarified.In view of the pivotal role of this signaling pathway in maintaining cell growth,proliferation and differentiation,the imbalance of Hippo is related to atherosclerosis and related diseases.In this review,we emphasized Hippo as a hub for regulating atherosclerosis and discussed its potential targets in pathophysiology,human diseases,and related pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Yan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China, 421001
| | - Kun Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China, 421001
| | - Kai-Jiang Tian
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China, 421001
| | - Bin-Jie Yan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China, 421001
| | - Zhong Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China, 421001
| | - Zhi-Xiang Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China, 421001
| | - Wen-Hao Xiong
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China, 421001
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China, 421001
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New Insights into YES-Associated Protein Signaling Pathways in Hematological Malignancies: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081981. [PMID: 33924049 PMCID: PMC8073623 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary YES-associated protein (YAP) is a co-transcriptional activator that binds to transcriptional factors to increase the rate of transcription of a set of genes, and it can intervene in the onset and progression of different tumors. Most of the data in the literature refer to the effects of the YAP system in solid neoplasms. In this review, we analyze the possibility that YAP can also intervene in hematological neoplasms such as lymphomas, multiple myeloma, and acute and chronic leukemias, modifying the phenomena of cell proliferation and cell death. The possibilities of pharmacological intervention related to the YAP system in an attempt to use its modulation therapeutically are also discussed. Abstract The Hippo/YES-associated protein (YAP) signaling pathway is a cell survival and proliferation-control system with its main activity that of regulating cell growth and organ volume. YAP operates as a transcriptional coactivator in regulating the onset, progression, and treatment response in numerous human tumors. Moreover, there is evidence suggesting the involvement of YAP in the control of the hematopoietic system, in physiological conditions rather than in hematological diseases. Nevertheless, several reports have proposed that the effects of YAP in tumor cells are cell-dependent and cell-type-determined, even if YAP usually interrelates with extracellular signaling to stimulate the onset and progression of tumors. In the present review, we report the most recent findings in the literature on the relationship between the YAP system and hematological neoplasms. Moreover, we evaluate the possible therapeutic use of the modulation of the YAP system in the treatment of malignancies. Given the effects of the YAP system in immunosurveillance, tumorigenesis, and chemoresistance, further studies on interactions between the YAP system and hematological malignancies will offer very relevant information for the targeting of these diseases employing YAP modifiers alone or in combination with chemotherapy drugs.
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Ding S, Guo X, Zhu L, Wang J, Li T, Yu Q, Zhang X. Macrophage-derived netrin-1 contributes to endometriosis-associated pain. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:29. [PMID: 33553322 PMCID: PMC7859736 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-2161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Endometriosis-associated pain can be considered a type of neuropathic pain. Netrin-1 is an axon guidance cue that regulates axonal attraction or rejection in neural injury and regeneration. However, whether netrin-1 plays a role in endometriosis-associated pain remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the role of netrin-1 in endometriosis-related pain. Methods Peripheral blood, peritoneal fluid, and endometrial tissues were sampled from women with (n=37) and without endometriosis (n=23). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were used to stimulate human monocytic cell lines (THP-1) and rat alveolar macrophage-derived cell lines (NR8383) to induce M1 phenotype macrophages. Serum netrin-1 concentrations, endometrial expression levels of netrin-1, and its receptors including deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC), A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR), uncoordinated B receptor (UNC5B), uncoordinated C receptor (UNC5C) and Down’s syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM) were assessed. The polarization phenotypes of the peritoneal macrophages were identified by detecting the marker expression of M1/M2 macrophages via flow cytometry. The expression levels of M1 markers and netrin-1 in THP-1/NR8383 cells were determined. Results The expression levels of netrin-1 in serum and endometriotic lesions were significantly higher in women with endometriosis, and were positively correlated with the severity of endometriosis-associated pain. Netrin-1 was co-expressed with CD68 (a macrophage marker) in endometriotic lesions and was synthesized and secreted by THP-1 and NR8383 cells in the process of M1 polarization. In women with endometriosis, peritoneal macrophages were polarized towards the M1 phenotype. In addition, increased expression of DCC and A2BAR, and decreased expression of UNC5B, UNC5C and DSCAM were found in endometriotic lesions. Conclusions These results suggest that netrin-1 production by macrophages in endometriotic lesions may play an important role in endometriosis-associated pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Ding
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Guo
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Libo Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianzhang Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinmei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Netrin1 deficiency activates MST1 via UNC5B receptor, promoting dopaminergic apoptosis in Parkinson's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:24503-24513. [PMID: 32929029 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004087117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo (MST1/2) pathway plays a critical role in restricting tissue growth in adults and modulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration in developing organs. Netrin1, a secreted laminin-related protein, is essential for nervous system development. However, the mechanisms underlying MST1 regulation by the extrinsic signals remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Netrin1 reduction in Parkinson's disease (PD) activates MST1, which selectively binds and phosphorylates netrin receptor UNC5B on T428 residue, promoting its apoptotic activation and dopaminergic neuronal loss. Netrin1 deprivation stimulates MST1 activation and interaction with UNC5B, diminishing YAP levels and escalating cell deaths. Knockout of UNC5B abolishes netrin depletion-induced dopaminergic loss, whereas blockade of MST1 phosphorylating UNC5B suppresses neuronal apoptosis. Remarkably, Netrin1 is reduced in PD patient brains, associated with MST1 activation and UNC5B T428 phosphorylation, which is accompanied by YAP reduction and apoptotic activation. Hence, Netrin1 regulates Hippo (MST1) pathway in dopaminergic neuronal loss in PD via UNC5B receptor.
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13
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Zhou X, Chen N, Xu H, Zhou X, Wang J, Fang X, Zhang Y, Li Y, Yang J, Wang X. Regulation of Hippo-YAP signaling by insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor in the tumorigenesis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:77. [PMID: 32546241 PMCID: PMC7298789 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00906-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hippo-Yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling is a key regulator of organ size and tumorigenesis, yet the underlying molecular mechanism is still poorly understood. At present, the significance of the Hippo-YAP pathway in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is ill-defined. Methods The expression of YAP in DLBCL was determined in public database and clinical specimens. The effects of YAP knockdown, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated YAP deletion, and YAP inhibitor treatment on cell proliferation and the cell cycle were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. RNA sequencing was conducted to detect dysregulated RNAs in YAP-knockout DLBCL cells. The regulatory effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) on Hippo-YAP signaling were explored by targeted inhibition and rescue experiments. Results High expression of YAP was significantly correlated with disease progression and poor prognosis. Knockdown of YAP expression suppressed cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest in DLBCL cells. Verteporfin (VP), a benzoporphyrin derivative, exerted an anti-tumor effect by regulating the expression of YAP and the downstream target genes, CTGF and CYR61. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that deletion of YAP expression with a CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system significantly restrained tumor growth. Moreover, downregulation of IGF-1R expression led to a remarkable decrease in YAP expression. In contrast, exposure to IGF-1 promoted YAP expression and reversed the inhibition of YAP expression induced by IGF-1R inhibitors. Conclusions Our study highlights the critical role of YAP in the pathogenesis of DLBCL and uncovers the regulatory effect of IGF-1R on Hippo-YAP signaling, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Hongzhi Xu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of Science and Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Jianhong Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaosheng Fang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China. .,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China. .,Key Laboratory for Kidney Regeneration of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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Zhao C, Zeng C, Ye S, Dai X, He Q, Yang B, Zhu H. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with a PDZ-binding motif (TAZ): a nexus between hypoxia and cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:947-960. [PMID: 32642404 PMCID: PMC7332664 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors. As transcription factors, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are the master regulators of the hypoxic microenvironment; their target genes function in tumorigenesis and tumor development. Intriguingly, both yes-associated protein (YAP) and its paralog transcriptional coactivator with a PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) play fundamental roles in the malignant progression of hypoxic tumors. As downstream effectors of the mammalian Hippo pathway, YAP and/or TAZ (YAP/TAZ) are phosphorylated and sequestered in the cytoplasm by the large tumor suppressor kinase 1/2 (LATS1/2)-MOB kinase activator 1 (MOB1) complex, which restricts the transcriptional activity of YAP/TAZ. However, dephosphorylated YAP/TAZ have the ability to translocate to the nucleus where they induce transcription of target genes, most of which are closely related to cancer. Herein we review the tumor-related signaling crosstalk between YAP/TAZ and hypoxia, describe current agents and therapeutic strategies targeting the hypoxia–YAP/TAZ axis, and highlight questions that might have a potential impact in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chenming Zeng
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Song Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xiaoyang Dai
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 571 882028401; fax: +86 571 88208400.
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The Prospect of Identifying Resistance Mechanisms for Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer Using Circulating Tumor Cells: Is Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition a Key Player? Prostate Cancer 2020; 2020:7938280. [PMID: 32292603 PMCID: PMC7149487 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7938280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is initially driven by excessive androgen receptor (AR) signaling with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) being a major therapeutic approach to its treatment. However, the development of drug resistance is a significant limitation on the effectiveness of both first-line and more recently developed second-line ADTs. There is a need then to study AR signaling within the context of other oncogenic signaling pathways that likely mediate this resistance. This review focuses on interactions between AR signaling, the well-known phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/AKT pathway, and an emerging mediator of these pathways, the Hippo/YAP1 axis in metastatic castrate-resistant PCa, and their involvement in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a feature of disease progression and ADT resistance. Analysis of these pathways in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may provide an opportunity to evaluate their utility as biomarkers and address their importance in the development of resistance to current ADT with potential to guide future therapies.
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16
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Suppression of TRPM7 Inhibited Hypoxia-Induced Migration and Invasion of Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer Cells by Enhancing RACK1-Mediated Degradation of HIF-1 α. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6724810. [PMID: 32215176 PMCID: PMC7079255 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6724810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin subfamily member 7 (TRPM7) was essential in the growth and metastatic ability of prostate cancer cells. However, the effects and the relevant molecular mechanisms of TRPM7 on metastasis of prostate cancer under hypoxic atmosphere remain unclear. This study investigated the role of TRPM7 in the metastatic ability of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells under hypoxia. First, data mining was carried out to disclose the relationship between the TRPM7 gene level and the survival of prostate cancer patients. Specific siRNAs were used to knockdown target genes. Western blotting and qPCR were employed to determine protein and gene expression, respectively. The gene transcription activity was evaluated by luciferase activity assay of promoter gene. The protein interaction was determined by coimmunoprecipitation. Wound healing and transwell assays were employed to evaluated cell migration and invasion, respectively. Open access database results showed that high expression of TRPM7 was closely related to the poor survival of prostate cancer patients. Hypoxia simultaneously increased TRPM7 expression and induced HIF-1α accumulation in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. Knockdown of TRPM7 significantly promoted HIF-1α degradation through the proteasome and inhibited EMT changes in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells under hypoxic condition. Moreover, TRPM7 knockdown increased the phosphorylation of RACK1 and strengthened the interaction between RACK1 and HIF-1α but attenuated the binding of HSP90 to HIF-1α. Whereas knockdown of RACK1 increased the binding of HSP90 to HIF-1α. Furthermore, both TRPM7 and HIF-1α knockdown significantly suppressed hypoxia-induced Annexin A1 protein expression, and suppression of HIF-1α/Annexin A1 signaling significantly inhibited hypoxia-induced cell migration and invasion of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. Our findings demonstrate that TRPM7 knockdown promotes HIF-1α degradation via an oxygen-independent mechanism involving increased binding of RAKC1 to HIF-1α, and TRPM7-HIF-1α-Annexin A1 signaling axis plays a crucial role in the EMT, cell migration, and invasion of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells under hypoxic conditions.
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17
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Sejda A, Sigorski D, Gulczyński J, Wesołowski W, Kitlińska J, Iżycka-Świeszewska E. Complexity of Neural Component of Tumor Microenvironment in Prostate Cancer. Pathobiology 2020; 87:87-99. [PMID: 32045912 DOI: 10.1159/000505437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an essential role in the development and progression of neoplasms. TME consists of the extracellular matrix and numerous specialized cells interacting with cancer cells by paracrine and autocrine mechanisms. Tumor axonogenesis and neoneurogenesis constitute a developing area of investigation. Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common malignancies in men worldwide. During the past years, more and more studies have shown that mechanisms leading to the development of PC are not confined only to the epithelial cancer cell, but also involve the tumor stroma. Different nerve types and neurotransmitters present within the TME are thought to be important factors in PC biology. Moreover, perineural invasion, which is a common way of PC spreading, in parallel creates the neural niche for malignant cells. Cancer neurobiology seems to have become a new discipline to explore the contribution of neoplastic cell interactions with the nervous system and the neural TME component, also to search for potential therapeutic targets in malignant tumors such as PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Sejda
- Department of Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland,
| | - Dawid Sigorski
- Department of Oncology, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jacek Gulczyński
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Kitlińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Ewa Iżycka-Świeszewska
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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18
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Yin K, Wang L, Xia Y, Dang S, Zhang X, He Z, Xu J, Shang M, Xu Z. Netrin-1 promotes cell neural invasion in gastric cancer via its receptor neogenin. J Cancer 2019; 10:3197-3207. [PMID: 31289590 PMCID: PMC6603376 DOI: 10.7150/jca.30230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural invasion (NI) is one of the important routes for local spread of gastric cancer (GC) correlated with poor prognosis. However, the exact cellular characteristics and molecular mechanisms of NI in GC are still unclear. Netrin-1(NTN1) as an axon guidance molecule was firstly found during neural system development. Importantly, NTN1 has an essential role in the progression of malignant tumor and specifically mediates the induction of invasion. In this study, we found NTN1 expression was significantly increased in 97 tumor tissues from GC patients and positively correlated with NI (p<0.05). In addition, we detected NTN1 knockdown significantly suppressed GC cells migration and invasion. Moreover, our results showed that reciprocity was observed between GC cells and neurites colonies in dorsal root ganglia (DRG)-GC cells co-culture vitro model. GC cells with NTN1 silencing could suppress their abilities to navigate along surrounding neuritis and this effect was depended on its receptor neogenin. In vivo, NTN1 inhibition also decreased GC cells sciatic nerve invasion. Taken together, our findings argue that NTN1 and its receptor neogenin might act synergistically in promoting GC cells neural invasion. Inhibiting the activity of NTN1 could be a potential strategy targeting NI in GC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linjun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiwen Xia
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengchun Dang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongyuan He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianghao Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengyuan Shang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Hypoxia Patterns in Primary and Metastatic Prostate Cancer Environments. Neoplasia 2019; 21:239-246. [PMID: 30639975 PMCID: PMC6327878 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic dissemination continues to be a major cause of prostate cancer (PCa) mortality, creating a compelling need to understand factors that play a role in the metastatic cascade. Since hypoxia plays an important role in PCa aggressiveness, we characterized patterns of hypoxia in the primary tumor and metastatic environments of a human PCa xenograft. We previously developed and characterized an imaging strategy based on the hypoxia response element (HRE)-driven expression of long-lived enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and short-lived luciferase (luc) fused to the oxygen-dependent degradation domain in human PCa PC-3 cells. Both reporter proteins were placed under the transcriptional control of a five-tandem repeat HRE sequence. PC-3 cells also constitutively expressed the tdTomato red fluorescent protein, allowing cancer cell detection in vivo. This "timer" strategy can provide information on the temporal evolution of HIF activity and hypoxia in tumors. Here, for the first time, we performed in vivo and ex vivo imaging of this dual HIF reporter system in PC-3 metastatic tumors implanted orthotopically in the prostate and PC-3 nonmetastatic tumors implanted subcutaneously. We observed distinct patterns of EGFP and luc expression in subcutaneous and orthotopic tumors, and in metastatic nodules, that provide new insights into the presence of hypoxia at primary and metastatic tumor sites, and of the role of hypoxia in metastasis.
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20
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Beamish IV, Hinck L, Kennedy TE. Making Connections: Guidance Cues and Receptors at Nonneural Cell-Cell Junctions. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:a029165. [PMID: 28847900 PMCID: PMC6211390 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The field of axon guidance was revolutionized over the past three decades by the identification of highly conserved families of guidance cues and receptors. These proteins are essential for normal neural development and function, directing cell and axon migration, neuron-glial interactions, and synapse formation and plasticity. Many of these genes are also expressed outside the nervous system in which they influence cell migration, adhesion and proliferation. Because the nervous system develops from neural epithelium, it is perhaps not surprising that these guidance cues have significant nonneural roles in governing the specialized junctional connections between cells in polarized epithelia. The following review addresses roles for ephrins, semaphorins, netrins, slits and their receptors in regulating adherens, tight, and gap junctions in nonneural epithelia and endothelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian V Beamish
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Lindsay Hinck
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
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21
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Li H, Li X, Jing X, Li M, Ren Y, Chen J, Yang C, Wu H, Guo F. Hypoxia promotes maintenance of the chondrogenic phenotype in rat growth plate chondrocytes through the HIF-1α/YAP signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:3181-3192. [PMID: 30320354 PMCID: PMC6202095 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo‑yes‑associated protein (YAP) signaling pathway was previously identified to serve an important role in controlling chondrocyte differentiation and post‑natal growth. Growth plate cartilage tissue is avascular, and hypoxia‑inducible factor (HIF)‑1α is essential for chondrocytes to maintain their chondrogenic phenotype in a hypoxic environment. In the present study, the role of hypoxia and HIF‑1α in the regulation of YAP in chondrocytes was investigated. The data demonstrated that hypoxia promoted the maintenance of the chondrogenic phenotype, HIF‑1α expression and YAP activation in chondrocytes in a time‑dependent manner. Hypoxia promoted YAP activation in a Hippo‑independent manner. Inhibiting the expression of HIF‑1α decreased the activation of YAP and downregulated the expression of sex‑determining region‑box 9 protein (SOX9) under hypoxic conditions, while the upregulation of HIF‑1α by cobalt chloride promoted the expression and nuclear translocation of YAP and upregulated the expression of SOX9 and collagen II chain under normoxic conditions. In addition, inhibition of YAP expression under hypoxia did not affect the expression of the HIF‑1α signaling pathway, but inhibited the up‑regulation of SOX9 expression caused by hypoxia. In addition, reoxygenation following hypoxia inhibited the activation of YAP caused by hypoxia in chondrocytes, whereas the upregulation of SOX9 and collagen II chain also appeared to be inhibited. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that hypoxia promoted YAP activation via HIF‑1α. Therefore, the HIF‑1α/YAP signaling axis may serve an important role in controlling growth plate chondrocyte differentiation and the maintenance of the chondrogenic phenotype in growth plate chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xingzhi Jing
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Mi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ye Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Caihong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Fengjing Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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22
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Koseoglu E, Tuncel A, Balci M, Kaya O, Aslan Y, Guzel O, Yilmaz FM, Atan A. Netrin 1 and Alpha-Methyl Acylcoenzim-A Racemase in diagnosis of prostate cancer. COLOMBIA MEDICA (CALI, COLOMBIA) 2018; 49:164-168. [PMID: 30104809 PMCID: PMC6084917 DOI: 10.25100/cm.v49i2.3011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate serum and urine levels of Alpha-methylacyl-CoA-racemase (AMACR) and Netrin 1 in patients with and without prostate cancer and to determine whether these markers could be used as alternatives in diagnosis of prostate cancer instead of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels. Methods One hundred and seventy five patients between 45-75 years to whom transrectal ultrasound guided biopsies were performed for abnormal serum PSA levels or digital rectal examinations were included. The levels of AMACR and Netrin 1 levels of blood and urine samples of 5 mL those were taken prior to biopsies were measured. . Results The mean age of the patients was 62.7 ±6.4 years. Prostate cancer was detected in 40 patients (22.8%) while 135 of them (77.2%) were diagnosed as benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). In BPH group, serum and urine levels of AMACR and Netrin 1 were 13.4 ±16.9 ng/mL; 7.1 ±3.4 ng/mL; 164.1±46 pg/mL and 19.5 ±5.0 pg/mL respectively. The levels of serum and urine levels of AMACR and Netrin 1 were 10.2 ±9.8 ng/mL; 6.8 ±2.5 ng/mL; 159.1 ±44.1 pg/mL and 20.1 ±5.3 pg/mL respectively in prostate cancer group. There was no statistically significant difference or correlation between these two groups serum and urine AMACR and Netrin 1 results. Conclusions Serum and urine levels of AMACR and Netrin 1 were not found to be alternatives for serum PSA levels in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersin Koseoglu
- Ankara Numune Research and Training Hospital, Department of Urology. Ankara, Turkey
| | - Altug Tuncel
- Ankara Numune Research and Training Hospital, Department of Urology. Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melih Balci
- Ankara Numune Research and Training Hospital, Department of Urology. Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Kaya
- Ankara Numune Research and Training Hospital, Department of Biochemistry. Ankara,Turkey
| | - Yilmaz Aslan
- Ankara Numune Research and Training Hospital, Department of Urology. Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozer Guzel
- Ankara Numune Research and Training Hospital, Department of Urology. Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Meric Yilmaz
- Ankara Numune Research and Training Hospital, Department of Biochemistry. Ankara,Turkey
| | - Ali Atan
- Ankara Numune Research and Training Hospital, Department of Urology. Ankara, Turkey
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23
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The distinct role of strand-specific miR-514b-3p and miR-514b-5p in colorectal cancer metastasis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:687. [PMID: 29880874 PMCID: PMC5992212 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0732-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The abnormal expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression has been widely investigated. It was reported that the same hairpin RNA structure could generate mature products from each strand, termed 5p and 3p, which binds different target mRNAs. Here, we explored the expression, functions, and mechanisms of miR-514b-3p and miR-514b-5p in CRC cells and tissues. We found that miR-514b-3p was significantly down-regulated in CRC samples, and the ratio of miR-514b-3p/miR-514b-5p increased from advanced CRC, early CRC to matched normal colorectal tissues. Follow-up functional experiments illustrated that miR-514b-3p and miR-514b-5p had distinct effects through interacting with different target genes: MiR-514b-3p reduced CRC cell migration, invasion and drug resistance through increasing epithelial marker and decreasing mesenchymal marker expressions, conversely, miR-514b-5p exerted its pro-metastatic properties in CRC by promoting EMT progression. MiR-514b-3p overexpressing CRC cells developed tumors more slowly in mice compared with control cells, however, miR-514b-5p accelerated tumor metastasis. Overall, our data indicated that though miR-514b-3p and miR-514b-5p were transcribed from the same RNA hairpin, each microRNA has distinct effect on CRC metastasis.
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24
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Sato T, Kokabu S, Enoki Y, Hayashi N, Matsumoto M, Nakahira M, Sugasawa M, Yoda T. Functional Roles of Netrin-1 in Osteoblast Differentiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 31:321-328. [PMID: 28438858 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM Recent studies have demonstrated that netrin-1 plays a vital role in bone metabolism. Previous studies have shown that osteoblasts produce netrin-1 which affects osteoclast differentiation. However, the role of netrin-1 in osteoblast differentiation is not well understood. In this study, we explored the roles of netrin-1 in osteoblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), RNA interference for netrin receptors, the generation of netrin-1 plasmid, transfection of plasmids, and cell proliferation assay were performed. RESULTS During osteoblast differentiation by ascorbic acid, netrin-1 expression was significantly decreased. Gene expression related with osteoblast differentiation was down-regulated by netrin-1 treatment. We also found that osteoblast differentiation by bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) was inhibited in the presence of recombinant netrin-1. Forced expression of both BMP-4 and netrin-1 significantly decreased alkaline phosphatase expression. On the other hand, Unc5b, neogenin, and A2b which belong to netrin receptors were expressed by osteoblasts. Moreover, alkaline phosphatase expression was significantly decreased by knockdown for the combination of two receptors among these receptors. CONCLUSION Netrin-1 is involved in the regulation of osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Sato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Kokabu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Enoki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoki Hayashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masahito Matsumoto
- Division of Functional Genomics and Systems Medicine, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Nakahira
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masashi Sugasawa
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yoda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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25
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Netrin-1 promotes metastasis of gastric cancer by regulating YAP activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:76-82. [PMID: 29305865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a major downstream molecular of the Hippo pathway, which plays important role in cancer development. Netrin-1 conveys oncogenic activity in many types of malignant tumors. However, the downstream signaling of netrin-1 mediating its oncogenic effects in gastric cancer (GC) is not well defined. Here, we aim to investigate the role of netrin-1 in metastasis potential of GC by regulating YAP. In this study, we showed that netrin-1 inhibition significantly decreased migration and invasion abilities of GC cells, while netrin-1 overexpression effectively reversed this effect. We also demonstrated that netrin-1 upregulated YAP expression via its transmembrane receptor neogenin. Furthermore, our in vitro and in vivo results showed that the effect of netrin-1 on GC cells migration and invasion abilities was regulated by YAP. Collectively, our results defined netrin-1 as a positive regulator of malignant tumor metastasis in GC by activating the YAP signaling, with potential implications for new approaches to GC therapy.
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26
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Zhang X, Cui P, Ding B, Guo Y, Han K, Li J, Chen H, Zhang W. Netrin-1 elicits metastatic potential of non-small cell lung carcinoma cell by enhancing cell invasion, migration and vasculogenic mimicry via EMT induction. Cancer Gene Ther 2017; 25:18-26. [PMID: 29234153 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-017-0008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ectopic expression of netrin-1 has been validated in several cancers including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recent research confirms the critical role of netrin-1 in NSCLC growth and its prognostic value. Unfortunately, its contribution in NSCLC metastasis remains elusive. Here, netrin-1 had relatively high expression in NSCLC tissues and cells, especially in high metastatic groups. Notably, netrin-1 overexpression aggravated the malignant metastatic behavior of NSCLC cells, including cell invasion, migration, and vasculogenic mimicry (VM), whereas netrin-1 depression reversely dampened the metastatic potential. Mechanism analysis confirmed that elevation of netrin-1 induced the typical morphological changes of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and increased the expression of EMT markers, including E-cadherin down-regulation and N-cadherin up-regulation. Consistently, netrin-1 inhibition inversely antagonized the occurrence of EMT. Moreover, netrin-1 also activated the oncogenic pathways of PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling. More importantly, blocking these pathways with their antagonists LY294002 or U0126 reversed the effects of netrin-1 overexpression on cell invasion, migration, EMT, and VM formation. Collectively, the current data suggest that netrin-1 can act as a pro-metastatic factor in NSCLC by enhancing cell invasion, migration, and VM via PI3K/AKT and ERK-mediated EMT process, thereby implicating netrin-1 as a novel promising therapeutic target against aggressive NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhang
- Department of Respiration, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Ping Cui
- Department of Gynaecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Beichen Ding
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Yuening Guo
- Department of Respiration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Kaiyu Han
- Department of Respiration, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Respiration, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Respiration, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China.
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