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Guan G, Cannon RD, Coates DE, Mei L. Effect of the Rho-Kinase/ROCK Signaling Pathway on Cytoskeleton Components. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:272. [PMID: 36833199 PMCID: PMC9957420 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of cells are important in tissue homeostasis and enable cell growth, division, migration and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Mechanical properties are determined to a large extent by the cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton is a complex and dynamic network composed of microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules. These cellular structures confer both cell shape and mechanical properties. The architecture of the networks formed by the cytoskeleton is regulated by several pathways, a key one being the Rho-kinase/ROCK signaling pathway. This review describes the role of ROCK (Rho-associated coiled-coil forming kinase) and how it mediates effects on the key components of the cytoskeleton that are critical for cell behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhao Guan
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Department of Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Richard D. Cannon
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Dawn E. Coates
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Li Mei
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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2
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Pellegrino P, Farella I, Cascione M, De Matteis V, Bramanti AP, Vincenti L, Della Torre A, Quaranta F, Rinaldi R. Pile-Ups Formation in AFM-Based Nanolithography: Morpho-Mechanical Characterization and Removal Strategies. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1982. [PMID: 36422411 PMCID: PMC9692810 DOI: 10.3390/mi13111982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, great efforts have been made to develop innovative, effective, and accurate nanofabrication techniques stimulated by the growing demand for nanostructures. Nowadays, mechanical tip-based emerged as the most promising nanolithography technique, allowing the pattern of nanostructures with a sub-nanometer resolution, high reproducibility, and accuracy. Unfortunately, these nanostructures result in contoured pile-ups that could limit their use and future integration into high-tech devices. The removal of pile-ups is still an open challenge. In this perspective, two different AFM-based approaches, i.e., Force Modulation Mode imaging and force-distance curve analysis, were used to characterize the structure of pile-ups at the edges of nanogrooves patterned on PMMA substrate by means of Pulse-Atomic Force Lithography. Our experimental results showed that the material in pile-ups was less stiff than the pristine polymer. Based on this evidence, we have developed an effective strategy to easily remove pile-ups, preserving the shape and the morphology of nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Pellegrino
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Isabella Farella
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (IMM), CNR, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Mariafrancesca Cascione
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Valeria De Matteis
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessandro Paolo Bramanti
- STMicroelectronics S.r.l., System Research and Applications (SRA) Silicon Biotech, Lecce Labs, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Vincenti
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonio Della Torre
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (IMM), CNR, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Fabio Quaranta
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (IMM), CNR, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Rosaria Rinaldi
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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3
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Nguyen LTS, Jacob MAC, Parajón E, Robinson DN. Cancer as a biophysical disease: Targeting the mechanical-adaptability program. Biophys J 2022; 121:3573-3585. [PMID: 35505610 PMCID: PMC9617128 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
With the number of cancer cases projected to significantly increase over time, researchers are currently exploring "nontraditional" research fields in the pursuit of novel therapeutics. One emerging area that is steadily gathering interest revolves around cellular mechanical machinery. When looking broadly at the physical properties of cancer, it has been debated whether a cancer could be defined as either stiffer or softer across cancer types. With numerous articles supporting both sides, the evidence instead suggests that cancer is not particularly regimented. Instead, cancer is highly adaptable, allowing it to endure the constantly changing microenvironments cancer cells encounter, such as tumor compression and the shear forces in the vascular system and body. What allows cancer cells to achieve this adaptability are the particular proteins that make up the mechanical network, leading to a particular mechanical program of the cancer cell. Coincidentally, some of these proteins, such as myosin II, α-actinins, filamins, and actin, have either altered expression in cancer and/or some type of direct involvement in cancer progression. For this reason, targeting the mechanical system as a therapeutic strategy may lead to more efficacious treatments in the future. However, targeting the mechanical program is far from trivial. As involved as the mechanical program is in cancer development and metastasis, it also helps drive many other key cellular processes, such as cell division, cell adhesion, metabolism, and motility. Therefore, anti-cancer treatments targeting the mechanical program must take great care to avoid potential side effects. Here, we introduce the potential of targeting the mechanical program while also providing its challenges and shortcomings as a strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ly T S Nguyen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mark Allan C Jacob
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eleana Parajón
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Douglas N Robinson
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
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4
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Pulse-Atomic Force Lithography: A Powerful Nanofabrication Technique to Fabricate Constant and Varying-Depth Nanostructures. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12060991. [PMID: 35335805 PMCID: PMC8953364 DOI: 10.3390/nano12060991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of nanotechnology in different application fields, resulting in the integration of nanostructures in a plethora of devices, has addressed the research toward novel and easy-to-setup nanofabrication techniques to realize nanostructures with high spatial resolution and reproducibility. Owing to countless applications in molecular electronics, data storage, nanoelectromechanical, and systems for the Internet of Things, in recent decades, the scientific community has focused on developing methods suitable for nanopattern polymers. To this purpose, Atomic Force Microscopy-based nanolithographic techniques are effective methods that are relatively less complex and inexpensive than equally resolute and accurate techniques, such as Electron Beam lithography and Focused Ion Beam lithography. In this work, we propose an evolution of nanoindentation, named Pulse-Atomic Force Microscopy, to obtain continuous structures with a controlled depth profile, either constant or variable, on a polymer layer. Due to the modulation of the characteristics of voltage pulses fed to the AFM piezo-scanner and distance between nanoindentations, it was possible to indent sample surface with high spatial control and fabricate highly resolved 2.5D nanogrooves. That is the real strength of the proposed technique, as no other technique can achieve similar results in tailor-made graded nanogrooves without the need for additional manufacturing steps.
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5
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High Doses of Silica Nanoparticles Obtained by Microemulsion and Green Routes Compromise Human Alveolar Cells Morphology and Stiffness Differently. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:2343167. [PMID: 35140761 PMCID: PMC8820933 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2343167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all the inorganic nanomaterials used in commercial products, industry, and medicine, the amorphous silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) appeared to be often tolerated in living organisms. However, despite several toxicity studies, some concerns about the exposure to high doses of SiO2 NPs with different sizes were raised. Then, we used the microemulsion method to obtain stable SiO2 NPs having different sizes (110 nm, 50 nm, and 25 nm). In addition, a new one-pot green synthetic route using leaves extract of Laurus nobilis was performed, obtaining monodispersed ultrasmall SiO2 NPs without the use of dangerous chemicals. The NPs achieved by microemulsion were further functionalized with amino groups making the NPs surface positively charged. Then, high doses of SiO2 NPs (1 mg/mL and 3 mg/mL) achieved from the two routes, having different sizes and surface charges, were used to assess their impact on human alveolar cells (A549), being the best cell model mimicking the inhalation route. Cell viability and caspase-3 induction were analyzed as well as the cellular uptake, obtaining that the smallest (25 nm) and positive-charged NPs were more able to induce cytotoxicity, reaching values of about 60% of cell death. Surprisingly, cells incubated with green SiO2 NPs did not show strong toxicity, and 70% of them remained vital. This result was unusual for ultrasmall nanoobjects, generally highly toxic. The actin reorganization, nuclear morphology alteration, and cell membrane elasticity analyses confirmed the trend achieved from the biological assays. The obtained data demonstrate that the increase in cellular softness, i.e., the decrease in Young’s modulus, could be associated with the smaller and positive NPs, recording values of about 3 kPa. On the contrary, green NPs triggered a slight decrease of stiffness values (c.a. 6 kPa) compared to the untreated cells (c.a. 8 kPa). As the softer cells were implicated in cancer progression and metastasization, this evidence strongly supported the idea of a link between the cell elasticity and physicochemical properties of NPs that, in turn, influenced the interaction with the cell membrane. Thus, the green SiO2 NPs compromised cells to a lesser extent than the other SiO2 NPs types. In this scenario, the elasticity evaluation could be an interesting tool to understand the toxicity of NPs with the aim of predicting some pathological phenomena associated with their exposure.
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6
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Li M, Wu W, Deng S, Shao Z, Jin X. TRAIP modulates the IGFBP3/AKT pathway to enhance the invasion and proliferation of osteosarcoma by promoting KANK1 degradation. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:767. [PMID: 34349117 PMCID: PMC8339131 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is one of the most common primary malignancies in bones and is characterized by high metastatic rates. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) derived from solid tumors can give rise to metastatic lesions, increasing the risk of death in patients with cancer. Here, we used bioinformatics tools to compare the gene expression between CTCs and metastatic lesions in osteosarcoma to identify novel molecular mechanisms underlying osteosarcoma metastasis. We identified TRAIP as a key differentially expressed gene with prognostic significance in osteosarcoma. We demonstrated that TRAIP regulated the proliferation and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. In addition, we found that TRAIP promoted KANK1 polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation, downregulating IGFBP3 and activating the AKT pathway in osteosarcoma cells. These results support the critical role of the TRAIP/KANK1/IGFBP3/AKT signaling axis in osteosarcoma progression and suggest that TRAIP may represent a promising therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sisi Deng
- Cancer center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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7
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miR-154-3p and miR-487-3p synergistically modulate RHOA signaling in the carcinogenesis of thyroid cancer. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:221457. [PMID: 31820783 PMCID: PMC6944667 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: miRs family members are often thought to have extensively overlapping targets and synergistically to modulate target gene expression via post-transcriptional repression. The present study was to determine whether miR-154-3p and miR-487-3p synergistically collaborated to regulate RHOA signaling in the carcinogenesis of thyroid cancer. Materials and methods: Candidate miRs were filtrated using miR microarray assays. Gene and protein expression levels were analyzed using RT-qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. Cell growth was evaluated using CCK8 assays and nude-mouse transplanted tumor experiments. Cell apoptosis was detected using Annexin V-FITC double staining. Results: miR-154-3p and miR-487-3p were significantly decreased in 63 thyroid cancer tissues and cell lines compared with those in paired non-tumor tissues and normal thyroid follicular epithelial cells. Low expression levels of miR-154-3p and miR-487-3p significantly correlated with tumor size, TNM stage, histological grade, lymph node metastasis and shorter overall survival in patients with thyroid cancer. Furthermore, the protein expression of RHOA was significantly inversely correlated with miR-154-3p (r = −0.404; P = 0.001) and miR-487-3p (r = −0.456; P < 0.001) expression in thyroid cancer tissues. We experimentally validated that miR-154-3p and miR-487-3p synergistically blocked thyroid cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. However, the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities of miR-154-3p/487-3p were neutralized by RHOA overexpressed vectors. Conclusions: Our present findings expounded a novel signal cascade employing miR-154-3p/487-3p and RHOA to fine-tune thyroid cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. We corroborated that suppression of RHOA by miR-154-3p/487-3p may be a valuable therapeutic target for impeding thyroid cancer progression.
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8
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Kong J, Liu Y, Du X, Wang K, Chen W, Huang D, Wei Y, Mao H. Effect of cell-nanostructured substrate interactions on the capture efficiency of HeLa cells. Biomed Mater 2020; 16. [PMID: 33260171 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abcf5c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are regarded as an effective biomarker for cancer detection, diagnosis and prognosis monitoring. CTCs capture based on nanostructured substrates is a powerful technique. Some specific adhesion molecule antibody-coated on the surface of nanostructured substrates, such as EpCAM, is commonly used to enhance CTCs capture efficiency. Substrate nanotopographies regulate the interaction between the substrates and captured cells, further influencing cell capture efficiency. However, the relationship between cell capture efficiency and cell-substrate interaction remains poorly understood. Here, we explored the relationship between cell capture efficiency and cell-substrate interaction based on two sets of nanostructures with different nanotopographies without antibody conjugation. Given the urgent demand of improving capture efficiency of EpCAM-negative cells, we used HeLa (EpCAM-negative) cells as the main targets. We demonstrated that HeLa cells could be more effectively captured by two nanostructural substrates, especially by DCNFs. Therefore, the morphological and migrating interaction between HeLa cells and distinct substrates were associated with cell capture efficiency. Our findings demonstrated the potential mechanism for optimizing the nanotopography for higher capture efficiency, and provide a potential foundation for cancer detection, diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Kong
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi , 030024, CHINA
| | - Yang Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, 100864, CHINA
| | - Xiangbin Du
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi , 030024, CHINA
| | - Kaiqun Wang
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi , 030024, CHINA
| | - Weiyi Chen
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi , 030024, CHINA
| | - Di Huang
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi , 030024, CHINA
| | - Yan Wei
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, CHINA
| | - Haiyang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics pf Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, 100029, CHINA
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Poisson L, Lopez-Charcas O, Chadet S, Bon E, Lemoine R, Brisson L, Ouaissi M, Baron C, Besson P, Roger S, Moussata D. Rock inhibition promotes Na V1.5 sodium channel-dependent SW620 colon cancer cell invasiveness. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13350. [PMID: 32770034 PMCID: PMC7414216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70378-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of invasive capacities by carcinoma cells, i.e. their ability to migrate through and to remodel extracellular matrices, is a determinant process leading to their dissemination and to the development of metastases. these cancer cell properties have often been associated with an increased Rho-ROCK signalling, and ROCK inhibitors have been proposed for anticancer therapies. In this study we used the selective ROCK inhibitor, Y-27632, to address the participation of the Rho-ROCK signalling pathway in the invasive properties of SW620 human colon cancer cells. Contrarily to initial assumptions, Y-27632 induced the acquisition of a pro-migratory cell phenotype and increased cancer cell invasiveness in both 3- and 2-dimensions assays. This effect was also obtained using the other ROCK inhibitor Fasudil as well as with knocking down the expression of ROCK-1 or ROCK-2, but was prevented by the inhibition of NaV1.5 voltage-gated sodium channel activity. Indeed, ROCK inhibition enhanced the activity of the pro-invasive NaV1.5 channel through a pathway that was independent of gene expression regulation. In conclusions, our evidence identifies voltage-gated sodium channels as new targets of the ROCK signalling pathway, as well as responsible for possible deleterious effects of the use of ROCK inhibitors in the treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Poisson
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunologie, Inflammation, Université de Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours, France.,Inserm UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Osbaldo Lopez-Charcas
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunologie, Inflammation, Université de Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours, France
| | - Stéphanie Chadet
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunologie, Inflammation, Université de Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours, France
| | - Emeline Bon
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunologie, Inflammation, Université de Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours, France
| | - Roxane Lemoine
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunologie, Inflammation, Université de Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours, France
| | - Lucie Brisson
- Inserm UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Mehdi Ouaissi
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunologie, Inflammation, Université de Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours, France.,CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Christophe Baron
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunologie, Inflammation, Université de Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours, France.,CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Pierre Besson
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunologie, Inflammation, Université de Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Roger
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunologie, Inflammation, Université de Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours, France. .,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
| | - Driffa Moussata
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunologie, Inflammation, Université de Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours, France.,CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
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10
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de Sousa GR, Vieira GM, das Chagas PF, Pezuk JA, Brassesco MS. Should we keep rocking? Portraits from targeting Rho kinases in cancer. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105093. [PMID: 32726671 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer targeted therapy, either alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapy, could allow the survival of patients with neoplasms currently considered incurable. In recent years, the dysregulation of the Rho-associated coiled-coil kinases (ROCK1 and ROCK2) has been associated with increased metastasis and poorer patient survival in several tumor types, and due to their essential roles in regulating the cytoskeleton, have gained popularity and progressively been researched as targets for the development of novel anti-cancer drugs. Nevertheless, in a pediatric scenario, the influence of both isoforms on prognosis remains a controversial issue. In this review, we summarize the functions of ROCKs, compile their roles in human cancer and their value as prognostic factors in both, adult and pediatric cancer. Moreover, we provide the up-to-date advances on their pharmacological inhibition in pre-clinical models and clinical trials. Alternatively, we highlight and discuss detrimental effects of ROCK inhibition provoked not only by the action on off-targets, but most importantly, by pro-survival effects on cancer stem cells, dormant cells, and circulating tumor cells, along with cell-context or microenvironment-dependent contradictory responses. Together these drawbacks represent a risk for cancer cell dissemination and metastasis after anti-ROCK intervention, a caveat that should concern scientists and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - María Sol Brassesco
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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11
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Kariri YA, Joseph C, Kurozumi S, Toss MS, Alsaleem M, Raafat S, Mongan NP, Aleskandarany MA, Green AR, Rakha EA. Prognostic significance of KN motif and ankyrin repeat domains 1 (KANK1) in invasive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 179:349-357. [PMID: 31679074 PMCID: PMC6987050 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background KN motif and ankyrin repeat domains 1 (KANK1) plays an important role in cytoskeleton maintenance and contributes to the regulation of cell proliferation, adhesion and apoptosis. KANK1 is involved in progression of a variety of solid tumours; however, its role in invasive breast cancer (BC) remains unknown. This study aims to evaluate the clinicopathological and prognostic value of KANK1 expression in operable BC. Methods KANK1 expression was assessed at the transcriptomic level using multiple BC cohorts; the Molecular Taxonomy of BC International Consortium cohort (METABRIC; n = 1980), The Cancer Genome Atlas BC cohort (TCGA; n = 949) and the publicly available BC transcriptomic data hosted by BC Gene-Expression Miner (bc-GenExMiner v4.0) and Kaplan–Meier plotter?. The Nottingham BC cohort (n = 1500) prepared as tissue microarrays was used to assess KANK1 protein expression using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The association between clinicopathological variables and patient outcome was investigated. Results In the METABRIC cohort, high expression of KANK1 mRNA was associated with characteristics of good prognosis including lower grade, absence of lymphovascular invasion and HER2 negativity (all; p < 0.001) and with better outcome [p = 0.006, Hazards ratio, (HR) 0.70, 95% CI 0.54–0.91]. High KANK1 protein expression was correlated with smaller tumour size and HER2 negativity, and better outcome in terms of longer breast cancer-specific survival [p = 0.013, HR 0.7, 95% CI 0.536–0.893] and time to distant metastasis [p = 0.033, HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.51–0.819]. Conclusion These results supported that upregulation of KANK1 works as a tumour suppressor gene in BC and is associated with improved patients’ outcomes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10549-019-05466-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousif A Kariri
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chitra Joseph
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sasagu Kurozumi
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Michael S Toss
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mansour Alsaleem
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sara Raafat
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- Cancer Biology and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Mohammed A Aleskandarany
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew R Green
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. .,Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK.
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12
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Targeting ROCK/LIMK/cofilin signaling pathway in cancer. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:481-491. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01153-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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De Matteis V, Cascione M, Toma CC, Pellegrino P, Rizzello L, Rinaldi R. Tailoring Cell Morphomechanical Perturbations Through Metal Oxide Nanoparticles. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:109. [PMID: 30923929 PMCID: PMC6439097 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-2941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The nowadays growing use of nanoparticles (NPs) in commercial products does not match a comprehensive understanding of their potential harmfulness. More in vitro investigations are required to address how the physicochemical properties of NPs guide their engulfment within cells and their intracellular trafficking, fate, and toxicity. These nano-bio interactions have not been extensively addressed yet, especially from a mechanical viewpoint. Cell mechanic is a critical indicator of cell health because it regulates processes like cell migration, tissue integrity, and differentiation via cytoskeleton rearrangements. Here, we investigated in vitro the elasticity perturbation of Caco-2 and A549 cell lines, in terms of Young's modulus modification induced by SiO2NPS and TiO2NPS. TiO2NPs demonstrated stronger effects on cell elasticity compared to SiO2NPs, as they induced significant morphological and morphometric changes in actin network. TiO2NPS increased the elasticity in Caco-2 cells, while opposite effects have been observed on A549 cells. These results demonstrate the existence of a correlation between the alteration of cell elasticity and NPs toxicity that depends, in turn, on the NPs physicochemical properties and the specific cell tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria De Matteis
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Università del Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Mariafrancesca Cascione
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Università del Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Chiara Cristina Toma
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Università del Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Paolo Pellegrino
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Università del Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Loris Rizzello
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ UK
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosaria Rinaldi
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Università del Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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14
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Harkness L, Chen X, Gillard M, Gray PP, Davies AM. Media composition modulates human embryonic stem cell morphology and may influence preferential lineage differentiation potential. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213678. [PMID: 30889226 PMCID: PMC6424453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells have a distinct morphology (hESC). Changes in cell morphology during culture can be indicative of differentiation. hESC, maintained in diverse medias, demonstrated alterations in morphological parameters and subsequent alterations in underlying transcript expression and lineage differentiation. Analysis of morphological parameters showed distinct and significant differences between the undefined, less defined and Xeno-free medias while still maintaining pluripotency markers. This suggested that the less defined media may be creating dynamic instability in the cytoskeleton, with the cytoskeleton becoming more stabilised in the Xeno-free media as demonstrated by smaller and rounder cells. Examination of early lineage markers during undirected differentiation using d5 embryoid bodies demonstrated increased mesodermal lineage preference as compared to endodermal or ectoderm in cells originally cultured in Xeno-free media. Undefined media showed preference for mesoderm and ectoderm lineages, while less defined media (BSA present) demonstrated no preference. These data reveal that culture media may produce fundamental changes in cell morphology which are reflected in early lineage differentiation choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Harkness
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marianne Gillard
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter Paul Gray
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anthony Mitchell Davies
- Translational Cell Imaging Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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15
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Transforming Growth Factor-β Promotes Morphomechanical Effects Involved in Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Living Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010108. [PMID: 30597907 PMCID: PMC6337381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a physiological multistep process involving epithelial cells acquiring a mesenchymal-like phenotype. It is widely demonstrated that EMT is linked to tumor progression and metastasis. The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β pathways have been widely investigated, but its role in the hepatocarcinoma EMT is still unclear. While the biochemical pathways have been extensively studied, the alteration of biomechanical behavior correlated to cellular phenotype and motility is not yet fully understood. To better define the involvement of TGF-β1 in the metastatic progression process in different hepatocarcinoma cell lines (HepG2, PLC/PRF/5, HLE), we applied a systematic morphomechanical approach in order to investigate the physical and the structural characteristics. In addition, we evaluated the antitumor effect of LY2157299, a TGF-βR1 kinase inhibitor, from a biomechanical point of view, using Atomic Force and Confocal Microscopy. Our approach allows for validation of biological data, therefore it may be used in the future as a diagnostic tool to be combined with conventional biomolecular techniques.
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16
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Liang J, Zhang XL, Yuan JW, Zhang HR, Liu D, Hao J, Ji W, Wu XZ, Chen D. Cucurbitacin B inhibits the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells by altering the biomechanical properties of cells. Phytother Res 2018; 33:618-630. [PMID: 30548720 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Changes in cellular biomechanical properties affect cell migration and invasion. The natural compound Cucurbitacin B (CuB) has potent anticancer activity; however, the mechanism underlying its inhibitory effect on breast cancer metastasis needs further study. Here, we showed that low-dose CuB inhibited adhesion and altered the viscoelasticity of breast cancer cells, thereby, reducing cell deformability. In vitro and in vivo experiments proved that CuB effectively inhibited the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Further studies have found that CuB downregulated the expression of F-actin/vimentin/FAK/vinculin in breast cancer cells, altering the distribution and reorganization of cytoskeletal proteins in the cells. CuB inhibited signaling by the Rho family GTPases RAC1/CDC42/RhoA downstream of integrin. These findings indicate that CuB has been proven to mediate the reorganization and distribution of cytoskeletal proteins of breast cancer cells through RAC1/CDC42/RhoA signaling, which improves the mechanical properties of cell adhesion and deformation and consequently inhibits cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Zhang
- Institute Of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Wei Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao-Ran Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Hao
- Tumor hematology, Tianjin 4th Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiong-Zhi Wu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Cascione M, De Matteis V, Toma CC, Leporatti S. Morphomechanical Alterations Induced by Transforming Growth Factor-β1 in Epithelial Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10070234. [PMID: 30012949 PMCID: PMC6071091 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10070234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the process that drives epithelial tumor cells to acquire an invasive phenotype. The role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in EMT is still debated. We used confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning force spectroscopy to perform a morphomechanical analysis on epithelial breast cancer cells (MCF-7), comparing them before and after TGF-β1 exogenous stimulation (5 ng/mL for 48 h). After TGF-β1 treatment, loss of cell⁻cell adherence (mainly due to the reduction of E-cadherin expression of about 24%) and disaggregation of actin cortical fibers were observed in treated MCF-7. In addition, TGF-β1 induced an alteration of MCF-7 nuclei morphology as well as a decrease in the Young's modulus, owing to a rearrangement that involved the cytoskeletal networks and the nuclear region. These relevant variations in morphological features and mechanical properties, elicited by TGF-β1, suggested an increased capacity of MCF-7 to migrate, which was confirmed by a wound healing assay. By means of our biophysical approach, we highlighted the malignant progression of breast cancer cells induced by TGF-β1 exposure. We are confirming TGF-β1's role in EMT by means of morphomechanical evidence that could represent a turning point in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariafrancesca Cascione
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Oncologia Umana, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", p.zza G. Cesare, c/o Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Valeria De Matteis
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Chiara C Toma
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Stefano Leporatti
- CNR Nanotec-Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, c/o Campus Ecotekne, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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18
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Targeting the NRF-2/RHOA/ROCK signaling pathway with a novel aziridonin, YD0514, to suppress breast cancer progression and lung metastasis. Cancer Lett 2018; 424:97-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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19
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Bai J, Luo X. 5-Hydroxy-4'-Nitro-7-Propionyloxy-Genistein Inhibited Invasion and Metastasis via Inactivating Wnt/b-Catenin Signal Pathway in Human Endometrial Carcinoma Ji Endometrial Cells. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:3230-3243. [PMID: 29769480 PMCID: PMC5985707 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemotherapy has been assuring more important roles in the treatment of carcinoma. Developing new types of drugs with less adverse effects and low drug resistance has become an important researching focus. The present study aimed to investigate the anticancer effects of 5-hydroxy-4′-nitro-7-propionyloxy-genistein (HNPG) and to elucidate its underlying molecular mechanism. Material/Methods The inhibitory effects of cell viability of HNPG were detected using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, flat plate clone formation method, and Transwell assay. The distribution of cell cycle was analyzed using flow cytometry (FCM) method. The morphological alteration, root-mean-squared roughness (Rq), average roughness (Ra), Young’s modulus, and adhesive force were measured by atomic force microscope (AFM) assay. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis were used to explore the possible molecular mechanism. Results We found that HNPG had dramatic activity against Ji Endometrial cells (JEC) in vitro, inhibited the proliferation and colony formation, attenuated invasion and migration ability, and arrested cell cycle in G1 phase, all in a dose-dependent manner. Simultaneously, cell bodies shrunk, pseudopod structures retracted, Rq and Ra were reduced, and Young’s modulus and adhesive force increased, accompanied by downregulation of β-catenin, C-Myc, Cyclin D1, matrix metalloprotease 2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloprotease 7 (MMP-7), and matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP-9). Conclusions HNPG dramatically inhibited invasion and metastasis of JEC cells in vitro. Its molecular mechanism might be related to inactivation of the wnt/β-catenin signal pathway, accumulated cells in G1/S phase, inhibited cell proliferation, improved adhesive force between cells, and reduced cell plasticity and elasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Clinical School of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Clinical School of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
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20
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IP 3R3 silencing induced actin cytoskeletal reorganization through ARHGAP18/RhoA/mDia1/FAK pathway in breast cancer cell lines. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:945-958. [PMID: 29630900 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell morphology is altered in the migration process, and the underlying cytoskeleton remodeling is highly dependent of intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Many calcium channels are known to be involved in migration. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) was demonstrated to be implicated in breast cancer cells migration, but its involvement in morphological changes during the migration process remains unclear. In the present work, we showed that IP3R3 expression was correlated to cell morphology. IP3R3 silencing induced rounding shape and decreased adhesion in invasive breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, IP3R3 silencing decreased ARHGAP18 expression, RhoA activity, Cdc42 expression and Y861FAK phosphorylation. Interestingly, IP3R3 was able to regulate profilin remodeling, without inducing any myosin II reorganization. IP3R3 silencing revealed an oscillatory calcium signature, with a predominant oscillating profile occurring in early wound repair. To summarize, we demonstrated that IP3R3 is able to modulate intracellular Ca2+ availability and to coordinate the remodeling of profilin cytoskeleton organization through the ARHGAP18/RhoA/mDia1/FAK pathway.
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21
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Amarouch MY, El Hilaly J, Mazouzi D. AFM and FluidFM Technologies: Recent Applications in Molecular and Cellular Biology. SCANNING 2018; 2018:7801274. [PMID: 30069282 PMCID: PMC6057332 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7801274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a widely used imaging technique in material sciences. After becoming a standard surface-imaging tool, AFM has been proven to be useful in addressing several biological issues such as the characterization of cell organelles, quantification of DNA-protein interactions, cell adhesion forces, and electromechanical properties of living cells. AFM technique has undergone many successful improvements since its invention, including fluidic force microscopy (FluidFM), which combines conventional AFM with microchanneled cantilevers for local liquid dispensing. This technology permitted to overcome challenges linked to single-cell analyses. Indeed, FluidFM allows isolation and injection of single cells, force-controlled patch clamping of beating cardiac cells, serial weighting of micro-objects, and single-cell extraction for molecular analyses. This work aims to review the recent studies of AFM implementation in molecular and cellular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Yassine Amarouch
- Materials, Natural Substances, Environment and Modeling Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Faculty of Taza, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
- Biology, Environment & Health Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, University of Moulay Ismaïl Meknes, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Jaouad El Hilaly
- Materials, Natural Substances, Environment and Modeling Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Faculty of Taza, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
- Biology, Environment & Health Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, University of Moulay Ismaïl Meknes, Meknes, Morocco
- Regional Institute of Education and Training Careers, Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Fez, Morocco
| | - Driss Mazouzi
- Materials, Natural Substances, Environment and Modeling Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Faculty of Taza, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
- Biology, Environment & Health Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, University of Moulay Ismaïl Meknes, Meknes, Morocco
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