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Gabriel EM, Necela B, Bahr D, Vivekanandhan S, Shreeder B, Bagaria S, Knutson KL. Expression of c-erb-B2 oncoprotein as a neoantigen strategy to repurpose anti-neu antibody therapy in a model of melanoma. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4004491. [PMID: 38645250 PMCID: PMC11030526 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4004491/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we tested a novel approach of "repurposing" a biomarker typically associated with breast cancer for use in melanoma. HER2/neu is a well characterized biomarker in breast cancer for which effective anti-HER2/neu therapies are readily available. We constructed a lentivirus encoding c-erb-B2 (the animal homolog to HER2/neu). This was used to transfect B16 melanoma in vitro for use in an orthotopic preclinical mouse model, which resulted in expression of c-erb-B2 as a neoantigen target for anti-c-erb-B2 monoclonal antibody (7.16.4). The c-erb-B2-expressing melanoma was designated B16/neu. 7.16.4 produced statistically significant in vivo anti-tumor responses against B16/neu. This effect was mediated by NK-cell antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. To further model human melanoma (which expresses <5% HER2/neu), our c-erb-B2 encoding lentivirus was used to inoculate naïve (wild-type) B16 tumors in vivo, resulting in successful c-erb-B2 expression. When combined with 7.16.4, anti-tumor responses were again demonstrated where approximately 40% of mice treated with c-erb-B2 lentivirus and 7.16.4 achieved complete clinical response and long-term survival. For the first time, we demonstrated a novel strategy to repurpose c-erb-B2 as a neoantigen target for melanoma. Our findings are particularly significant in the contemporary setting where newer anti-HER2/neu antibody-drug candidates have shown increased efficacy.
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Lee SH, Brianna. Association of microRNA-21 expression with breast cancer subtypes and its potential as an early biomarker. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155073. [PMID: 38218039 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer has become the most diagnosed cancer worldwide in 2020 with high morbidity and mortality rates. The alarming increase in breast cancer incidence has sprung many researchers to focus on developing novel screening tests to identify early breast cancer which will allow clinicians to provide timely and effective treatments. With much evidence supporting the notion that the deregulation of miRNAs (a class of non-coding RNA) greatly contributes to cancer initiation and progression, the promising role of miRNAs as cancer biomarkers is gaining traction in the research world. Among the upregulated miRNAs identified in breast carcinogenesis, miR-21 was shown to be significantly expressed in breast cancer tissues and bodily fluids of breast cancer patients. Therein, this review paper aims to provide an overview of breast cancer, the role and significance of miR-21 in breast cancer pathogenesis, and its potential as a breast cancer biomarker. The paper also discusses the current types of tumor biomarkers and their limitations, the presence of miR-21 in extracellular vesicles and plasma, screening methods available for miRNA detection along with some challenges faced in developing diagnostic miR-21 testing for breast cancer to provide readers with a comprehensive outlook based on using miR-21 in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sau Har Lee
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia; Digital Health and Medical Advancements Impact Lab, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Brianna
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Darul Ehsan, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
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Rodriguez-Nieves AL, Taylor ML, Wilson R, Eldridge BK, Nawalage S, Annamer A, Miller HG, Alle MR, Gomrok S, Zhang D, Wang Y, Huang X. Multiplexed Surface Protein Detection and Cancer Classification Using Gap-Enhanced Magnetic-Plasmonic Core-Shell Raman Nanotags and Machine Learning Algorithm. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:2041-2057. [PMID: 38173420 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death attributed to disease worldwide. Current standard detection methods often rely on a single cancer marker, which can lead to inaccurate results, including false negatives, and an inability to detect multiple cancers simultaneously. Here, we developed a multiplex method that can effectively detect and classify surface proteins associated with three distinct types of breast cancer by utilizing gap-enhanced Raman scattering nanotags and machine learning algorithm. We synthesized anisotropic magnetic core-gold shell gap-enhanced Raman nanotags incorporating three different Raman reporters. These multicolor Raman nanotags were employed to distinguish specific surface protein markers in breast cancer cells. The acquired signals were deconvoluted and analyzed using classical least-squares regression to generate a surface protein profile and characterize the breast cancer cells. Furthermore, computational data obtained via finite-difference time-domain and discrete dipole approximation showed the amplification of the electric fields within the gap region due to plasmonic coupling between the two gold layers. Finally, a random forest classifier achieved an impressive classification and profiling accuracy of 93.9%, enabling effective distinguishing between the three different types of breast cancer cell lines in a mixed solution. With the combination of immunomagnetic multiplex target specificity and separation, gap-enhancement Raman nanotags, and machine learning, our method provides an accurate and integrated platform to profile and classify different cancer cells, giving implications for identification of the origin of circulating tumor cells in the blood system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mitchell Lee Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Raymond Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Brinton King Eldridge
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Samadhi Nawalage
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Assam Annamer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Hailey Grace Miller
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Madhusudhan Reddy Alle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Saghar Gomrok
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Dongmao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Yongmei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
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Mackay AS, Maxwell JWC, Bedding MJ, Kulkarni SS, Byrne SA, Kambanis L, Popescu MV, Paton RS, Malins LR, Ashhurst AS, Corcilius L, Payne RJ. Electrochemical Modification of Polypeptides at Selenocysteine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313037. [PMID: 37818778 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Mild strategies for the selective modification of peptides and proteins are in demand for applications in therapeutic peptide and protein discovery, and in the study of fundamental biomolecular processes. Herein, we describe the development of an electrochemical selenoetherification (e-SE) platform for the efficient site-selective functionalization of polypeptides. This methodology utilizes the unique reactivity of the 21st amino acid, selenocysteine, to effect formation of valuable bioconjugates through stable selenoether linkages under mild electrochemical conditions. The power of e-SE is highlighted through late-stage C-terminal modification of the FDA-approved cancer drug leuprolide and assembly of a library of anti-HER2 affibody conjugates bearing complex cargoes. Following assembly by e-SE, the utility of functionalized affibodies for in vitro imaging and targeting of HER2 positive breast and lung cancer cell lines is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus S Mackay
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Joshua W C Maxwell
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Max J Bedding
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sameer S Kulkarni
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Stephen A Byrne
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Lucas Kambanis
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Mihai V Popescu
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Robert S Paton
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Lara R Malins
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Anneliese S Ashhurst
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Leo Corcilius
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Richard J Payne
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Abbasvandi F, Bayat M, Akbari A, Shojaeian F, Zandi A, Rahmani J, Hashemi MO, Akbari ME. Tumor characteristics and survival rate of HER2-low breast cancer patients: a retrospective cohort study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16719. [PMID: 37794050 PMCID: PMC10550984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43186-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
HER2 is an important prognostic marker in breast cancer (BC) patients, which also plays a crucial role in their therapeutic plan. Consequently, a great desire is to thoroughly assess the patients based on their HER2 status. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate HER2-low breast cancer as a new subtype in the standard classification of BC patients and review its characteristics and survival rate in a tertiary center in Iran. We retrospectively evaluated disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and clinicopathological characteristics of BC patients referred to the Cancer Research Center in Tehran, Iran from 1991 to 2022. Patients' clinical characteristics, including HER2 status, which is classified as HER2-low, HER2-positive, or HER2-negative, were obtained from prospectively maintained registries. Among the total 3582 recruited patients, 60.2%, 13.6%, and 26.2% were HER2-negative, HER2-low, and HER2-positive, respectively. HER2-positive patients showed a significantly higher Hazard Ratio (HR) for DFS (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.01-2.05) and OS (HR 2.05, 95% CI 1.31-3.20), compared to HER2-low. Moreover, HER2-low and HER2-negative were found to show the same proportion of high-grade tumors (28 and 28.4%), while 40% of the HER2-positive tumors were high-grade. Accordingly, HER2-low patients had a lower metastasis risk than the others (P-value = 0.01). The Ki67 percentage was significantly lower in the HER2-low group compared to the HER2-positive (P-value < 0.001). HER2-low, a new subtype of HER2-status classification with distinct biological and clinicopathological traits, represented the highest survival rate and less invasive characteristics. This difference was statistically significant when compared to HER2-positive, but not when compared to HER2-negative.Research registration unique identifying number: NCT05754047.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Abbasvandi
- Cancer Research Center, Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, P.O. Box 1517964311, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdis Bayat
- Cancer Research Center, Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Akbari
- Cancer Research Center, Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shojaeian
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ashkan Zandi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jamal Rahmani
- Cancer Research Center, Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Omrani Hashemi
- Cancer Research Center, Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari
- Cancer Research Center, Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Nejati-Koshki K, Roberts CT, Babaei G, Rastegar M. The Epigenetic Reader Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 (MeCP2) Is an Emerging Oncogene in Cancer Biology. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2683. [PMID: 37345019 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are gene regulatory processes that control gene expression and cellular identity. Epigenetic factors include the "writers", "readers", and "erasers" of epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation. Accordingly, the nuclear protein Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 (MeCP2) is a reader of DNA methylation with key roles in cellular identity and function. Research studies have linked altered DNA methylation, deregulation of MeCP2 levels, or MECP2 gene mutations to different types of human disease. Due to the high expression level of MeCP2 in the brain, many studies have focused on its role in neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders. However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that MeCP2 also participates in the tumorigenesis of different types of human cancer, with potential oncogenic properties. It is well documented that aberrant epigenetic regulation such as altered DNA methylation may lead to cancer and the process of tumorigenesis. However, direct involvement of MeCP2 with that of human cancer was not fully investigated until lately. In recent years, a multitude of research studies from independent groups have explored the molecular mechanisms involving MeCP2 in a vast array of human cancers that focus on the oncogenic characteristics of MeCP2. Here, we provide an overview of the proposed role of MeCP2 as an emerging oncogene in different types of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Nejati-Koshki
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil 85991-56189, Iran
| | - Chris-Tiann Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Ghader Babaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 57157-89400, Iran
| | - Mojgan Rastegar
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
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Ali A, Shafarin J, Muhammad JS, Farhat NM, Hamad M, Soofi A, Hamad M. SCAMP3 promotes breast cancer progression through the c-MYC-β-Catenin-SQSTM1 growth and stemness axis. Cell Signal 2023; 104:110591. [PMID: 36627007 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The cellular trafficking protein secretory-carrier-membrane-protein 3 (SCAMP3) has been previously shown to promote hepatocellular carcinoma, melanoma, glioma and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Moreover, previous work has shown that SCAMP3 regulates the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the oncogenic role of SCAMP3 in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer (BRCA) remains largely unknown. In this study, the role of SCAMP3 in different molecular subtypes of BRCA was investigated using in silico, in vitro and in vivo approaches. In silico analysis of BRCA patient samples showed that SCAMP3 is highly overexpressed in different BRCA molecular subtypes, advanced disease grades and lymph node metastatic stages. Depletion of SCAMP3 inhibited BRCA cell growth, stemness, clonogenic potential and migration and promoted autophagy and cellular senescence. The expression of stemness markers CD44 and OCT4A was reduced in SCAMP3-silenced MDA-MB-231 cells. SCAMP3 overexpression promoted cell proliferation, clonogenicity, tumor spheroid formation and migration in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. SCAMP3 promoted epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) by regulating E-cadherin expression. SCAMP3 enhanced in vivo tumor growth in MDA-MB-231 tumor xenograft mouse model. Mechanistically, SCAMP3 depletion inhibited β-Catenin, c-MYC and SQSTM1 expression, while its overexpression increased the expression of the same oncogenic proteins. Increased SCAMP3 expression associated with increased chemoresistance in BRCA cells while its depletion associated with increased sensitivity to chemotherapy. BRCA patients with high SCAMP3 expression showed poor prognosis, decreased overall survival and relapse free survival relative to counterparts with reduced SCAMP3 expression. These findings suggest that SCAMP3 exerts a wide range of oncogenic effects in different molecular subtypes of BRCA by modulating the c-MYC-β-Catenin-SQSTM1 axis that targets tumor growth, metastasis, stemness and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Ali
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jasmin Shafarin
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jibran Sualeh Muhammad
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nada Mazen Farhat
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Hamad
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdul Soofi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mawieh Hamad
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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Novel 2,6,9-Trisubstituted Purines as Potent CDK Inhibitors Alleviating Trastuzumab-Resistance of HER2-Positive Breast Cancers. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091041. [PMID: 36145262 PMCID: PMC9506414 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer is defined by HER2 oncogene amplification on chromosome 17q12 and accounts for 15−20% population of breast-cancer patients. Therapeutic anti-HER2 antibody such as trastuzumab is used as the first-line therapy for HER2-positive breast cancers. However, more than 50% of the patients respond poorly to trastuzumab, illustrating that novel therapy is warranted to overcome the resistance. We previously reported that in the majority of HER2+ breast-cancer patients, CDK12 is co-amplified on 17q12 and involved in developing tumors and trastuzumab resistance, proposing CDK12 as a potential drug target for HER2+ breast cancers. Here, we designed and synthesized novel 2,6,9-trisubstituted purines as potent CDK12 inhibitors showing strong, equipotent antiproliferative activity against trastuzumab-sensitive HER2+ SK-Br3 cells and trastuzumab-resistant HER2+ HCC1954 cells (GI50 values < 50 nM) both of which express a high level of CDK12. Two potent analogue 30d and 30e at 40, 200 nM greatly downregulated the levels of cyclinK and Pol II p-CTD (Ser2), as well as the expression of CDK12 downstream genes (IRS1 and WNT1) in a dose-dependent manner. We also observed structure-property relationship for a subset of potent analogues, and found that 30e is highly stable in liver microsomes with lack of CYP inhibition. In addition, 30d exhibited a synergy with trastuzumab in the both cells, suggesting that our inhibitors could be applied to alleviate trastuzumab-resistance of HER2+ breast cancers and escalate the efficacy of trastuzumab as well. Our study may provide insight into developing a novel therapy for HER2+ breast cancers.
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Sirhan Z, Thyagarajan A, Sahu RP. The efficacy of tucatinib-based therapeutic approaches for HER2-positive breast cancer. Mil Med Res 2022; 9:39. [PMID: 35820970 PMCID: PMC9277867 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00401-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) occurs in approximately 15-20% of breast cancer cases. HER2 is a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family with tyrosinase kinase activity, and its overexpression is linked to poor prognosis and shorter progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Among various treatment options, HER2-targeting monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have mostly been applied in recent decades to treat HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer patients. Although positive clinical outcomes were documented in both advanced disease and neoadjuvant settings, the development of resistance mechanisms to such approaches has been one of the major challenges with the continuous usage of these drugs. In addition, patients who experience disease progression after treatment with multiple HER2-targeted therapies often have limited treatment options. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently approved a new TKI (i.e., tucatinib) for use in combination with immunotherapy and/or chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of advanced-stage/metastatic HER2+ breast cancer. This review highlights recent updates on the efficacy of tucatinib-based therapeutic approaches in experimental models as well as in the clinical settings of HER2+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Sirhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Anita Thyagarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Ravi P Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.
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Slay EE, Meldrum FC, Pensabene V, Amer MH. Embracing Mechanobiology in Next Generation Organ-On-A-Chip Models of Bone Metastasis. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 3:722501. [PMID: 35047952 PMCID: PMC8757701 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2021.722501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis in breast cancer is associated with high mortality. Biomechanical cues presented by the extracellular matrix play a vital role in driving cancer metastasis. The lack of in vitro models that recapitulate the mechanical aspects of the in vivo microenvironment hinders the development of novel targeted therapies. Organ-on-a-chip (OOAC) platforms have recently emerged as a new generation of in vitro models that can mimic cell-cell interactions, enable control over fluid flow and allow the introduction of mechanical cues. Biomaterials used within OOAC platforms can determine the physical microenvironment that cells reside in and affect their behavior, adhesion, and localization. Refining the design of OOAC platforms to recreate microenvironmental regulation of metastasis and probe cell-matrix interactions will advance our understanding of breast cancer metastasis and support the development of next-generation metastasis-on-a-chip platforms. In this mini-review, we discuss the role of mechanobiology on the behavior of breast cancer and bone-residing cells, summarize the current capabilities of OOAC platforms for modeling breast cancer metastasis to bone, and highlight design opportunities offered by the incorporation of mechanobiological cues in these platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen E. Slay
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Virginia Pensabene
- School of School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Mahetab H. Amer
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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11
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Al-Kawaz A, Ali R, Toss MS, Miligy IM, Mohammed OJ, Green AR, Madhusudan S, Rakha EA. The frequency and clinical significance of DNA polymerase beta (POLβ) expression in breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 190:39-51. [PMID: 34406589 PMCID: PMC8557137 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background The prediction of clinical behaviour of breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and its progression to invasive disease remains a challenge. Alterations of DNA damage repair mechanisms are associated with invasive breast cancer (BC). This study aims to assess the role of base excision repair (BER) DNA Polymerase Beta (POLβ) in DCIS. Methods A cohort of DCIS comprising pure DCIS (n = 776) and DCIS coexisting with invasive BC (n = 239) were prepared as tissue microarrays. POLβ protein expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinicopathological parameters and patient outcome. Preclinically, we investigated the impact of POLβ depletion on stem cell markers in representative DCIS cell line models. Results Reduced POLβ expression was associated with aggressive DCIS features including high nuclear grade, comedo necrosis, larger tumour size, hormonal receptor negativity, HER2 overexpression and high Ki67 index. Combined low nuclear/low cytoplasmic POLβ expression showed the strongest association with the features’ characteristics of aggressive behaviour. There was a gradual reduction in the POLβ expression from normal breast tissue, to DCIS, with the lowest expression observed in the invasive BC. Low POLβ expression was an independent predictor of recurrence in DCIS patients treated with breast conserving surgery (BCS). POLβ knockdown was associated with a significant increase in cell stemness markers including SOX2, NANOG and OCT4 levels in MCF10-DCIS cell lines. Conclusion Loss of POLβ in DCIS is associated with aggressive behaviour and it can predict recurrence. POLβ expression in DCIS provides an additional feature for patients’ risk stratification for personalised therapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10549-021-06357-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulbaqi Al-Kawaz
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Pathology, College of Dentistry, Al Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Reem Ali
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Michael S Toss
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Islam M Miligy
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Omar J Mohammed
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew R Green
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. .,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt. .,Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK.
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12
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Vi C, Mandarano G, Shigdar S. Diagnostics and Therapeutics in Targeting HER2 Breast Cancer: A Novel Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6163. [PMID: 34200484 PMCID: PMC8201268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most commonly occurring cancers in women globally and is the primary cause of cancer mortality in females. BC is highly heterogeneous with various phenotypic expressions. The overexpression of HER2 is responsible for 15-30% of all invasive BC and is strongly associated with malignant behaviours, poor prognosis and decline in overall survival. Molecular imaging offers advantages over conventional imaging modalities, as it provides more sensitive and specific detection of tumours, as these techniques measure the biological and physiological processes at the cellular level to visualise the disease. Early detection and diagnosis of BC is crucial to improving clinical outcomes and prognosis. While HER2-specific antibodies and nanobodies may improve the sensitivity and specificity of molecular imaging, the radioisotope conjugation process may interfere with and may compromise their binding functionalities. Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides capable of targeting biomarkers with remarkable binding specificity and affinity. Aptamers can be functionalised with radioisotopes without compromising target specificity. The attachment of different radioisotopes can determine the aptamer's functionality in the treatment of HER2(+) BC. Several HER2 aptamers and investigations of them have been described and evaluated in this paper. We also provide recommendations for future studies with HER2 aptamers to target HER2(+) BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Vi
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (C.V.); (G.M.)
| | - Giovanni Mandarano
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (C.V.); (G.M.)
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Sarah Shigdar
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (C.V.); (G.M.)
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
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13
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Portillo AL, Hogg R, Poznanski SM, Rojas EA, Cashell NJ, Hammill JA, Chew MV, Shenouda MM, Ritchie TM, Cao QT, Hirota JA, Dhesy-Thind S, Bramson JL, Ashkar AA. Expanded human NK cells armed with CAR uncouple potent anti-tumor activity from off-tumor toxicity against solid tumors. iScience 2021; 24:102619. [PMID: 34159300 PMCID: PMC8193615 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the remarkable success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells against hematologic malignancies, severe off-tumor effects have constrained their use against solid tumors. Recently, CAR-engineered natural killer (NK) cells have emerged as an effective and safe alternative. Here, we demonstrate that HER2 CAR-expression in NK cells from healthy donors and patients with breast cancer potently enhances their anti-tumor functions against various HER2-expressing cancer cells, regardless of MHC class I expression. Moreover, HER2 CAR-NK cells exert higher cytotoxicity than donor-matched HER2 CAR-T cells against tumor targets. Importantly, unlike CAR-T cells, HER2 CAR-NK cells do not elicit enhanced cytotoxicity or inflammatory cytokine production against non-malignant human lung epithelial cells with basal HER2 expression. Further, HER2 CAR-NK cells maintain high cytotoxic function in the presence of immunosuppressive factors enriched in solid tumors. These results show that CAR-NK cells may be a highly potent and safe source of immunotherapy in the context of solid tumors. Primary HER2 CAR-NK cells from patients with cancer have potent anti-tumor functions HER2 CAR-NK cells have a higher tumor killing capacity than HER2 CAR-T cells HER2 CAR-NK cells are not overly activated against HER2+ lung epithelial cells CAR-NK cells can overcome inhibition by the immunosuppressive factors TGF-β and PGE2
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Portillo
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.,McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Richard Hogg
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Sophie M Poznanski
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.,McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Eduardo A Rojas
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.,McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Niamh J Cashell
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Joanne A Hammill
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.,McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Marianne V Chew
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Mira M Shenouda
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Tyrah M Ritchie
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.,McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Quynh T Cao
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.,McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.,Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Jeremy A Hirota
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.,McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.,Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | | | - Jonathan L Bramson
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.,McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Ali A Ashkar
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.,McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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14
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Elimimian EB, Samuel TA, Liang H, Elson L, Bilani N, Nahleh ZA. Clinical and Demographic Factors, Treatment Patterns, and Overall Survival Associated With Rare Triple-Negative Breast Carcinomas in the US. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e214123. [PMID: 33844001 PMCID: PMC8042532 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.4123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Triple-negative breast cancers are known collectively to demonstrate a more aggressive clinical course and earlier recurrence than cancers of other histological subtypes. However, the literature on rare triple-negative breast cancers and the association of histological type with survival and risk of metastasis is sparse. OBJECTIVE To present the clinical and demographic characteristics, treatment patterns, and overall survival (OS) for histologically rare (<10% of breast cancers) triple-negative breast cancer types: medullary carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and metaplastic breast carcinoma. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study was performed in the US using data reported by the National Cancer Database between 2010 and 2016. Confirmed cases of medullary carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and metaplastic breast cancer were analyzed. Univariable analyses and multivariable Cox regression models were performed. Data analysis was performed from April to May 2020. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was 5-year OS. Secondary outcomes included site of metastasis, effect of immunohistochemistry, management, and 2-year mortality. RESULTS A total of 8479 patients with breast cancer (mean [SD] age; 62.6 [14.3] years; 8435 women [99.48%]) were analyzed. Metaplastic carcinoma was the most commonly diagnosed histological type in this cohort, with 6867 patients (81%), followed by 1357 (16%) with adenoid cystic carcinoma and only 255 (3%) with medullary carcinoma. Medullary carcinoma presented earlier in life, at a median (interquartile range) age of 53 (45-62) years, compared with 62 (53-72) years for patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma and 63 (52-74) years for patients with metaplastic carcinoma. The proportion of tumors with triple-negative immunohistochemistry varied by histological type for medullary carcinoma (57 patients [22.4%]), adenoid cystic carcinoma (653 patients [48.1%]), and metaplastic carcinoma (3637 patients [53.0%]). Patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma were less likely to receive radiotherapy (711 patients [52.4%]) and chemotherapy (175 patients [12.9%]) compared with patients with medullary carcinoma (radiotherapy, 156 patients [61.2%]; chemotherapy, 190 patients [74.5%]) and metaplastic carcinoma (radiotherapy, 3416 patients [49.7%]; chemotherapy, 4709 patients [68.6%]). The 5-year OS rate was superior for patients with medullary (91.7%) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (88.4%) compared with patients with metaplastic carcinoma (63.1%). The 5-year mortality rate for adenoid cystic carcinoma was 8.33% vs 36.91% for metaplastic carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Nationally, over the course of 7 years, medullary carcinoma was most common and metaplastic carcinoma had the worst 5-year OS among the rare histological breast cancer subtypes analyzed. Factors associated with a poor prognosis for metaplastic carcinoma included advanced stage, lung metastasis, older age, and not receiving chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Future research focusing on rare subtypes of breast cancer is desirable and could inform the optimal management of these relatively understudied carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B. Elimimian
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Maroone Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, Florida
| | - Thomas A. Samuel
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Maroone Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, Florida
| | - Hong Liang
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Maroone Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, Florida
| | - Leah Elson
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Maroone Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, Florida
| | - Nadeem Bilani
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Maroone Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, Florida
| | - Zeina A. Nahleh
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Maroone Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, Florida
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15
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Subia B, Dahiya UR, Mishra S, Ayache J, Casquillas GV, Caballero D, Reis RL, Kundu SC. Breast tumor-on-chip models: From disease modeling to personalized drug screening. J Control Release 2021; 331:103-120. [PMID: 33417986 PMCID: PMC8172385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide being the most common cancer among women. Despite the significant progress obtained during the past years in the understanding of breast cancer pathophysiology, women continue to die from it. Novel tools and technologies are needed to develop better diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, and to better understand the molecular and cellular players involved in the progression of this disease. Typical methods employed by the pharmaceutical industry and laboratories to investigate breast cancer etiology and evaluate the efficiency of new therapeutic compounds are still based on traditional tissue culture flasks and animal models, which have certain limitations. Recently, tumor-on-chip technology emerged as a new generation of in vitro disease model to investigate the physiopathology of tumors and predict the efficiency of drugs in a native-like microenvironment. These microfluidic systems reproduce the functional units and composition of human organs and tissues, and importantly, the rheological properties of the native scenario, enabling precise control over fluid flow or local gradients. Herein, we review the most recent works related to breast tumor-on-chip for disease modeling and drug screening applications. Finally, we critically discuss the future applications of this emerging technology in breast cancer therapeutics and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bano Subia
- Elvesys Microfluidics Innovation Centre, Paris 75011, France..
| | | | - Sarita Mishra
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India..
| | - Jessica Ayache
- Elvesys Microfluidics Innovation Centre, Paris 75011, France..
| | | | - David Caballero
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Barco, Guimarãaes 4805-017, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Barco, Guimarãaes 4805-017, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Subhas C Kundu
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Barco, Guimarãaes 4805-017, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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16
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Mondaca JM, Guijarro ACC, Flamini MI, Sanchez AM. Heregulin-induced cell migration is prevented by trastuzumab and trastuzumab-emtansine in HER2+ breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 186:363-377. [PMID: 33474679 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-06089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Heregulin (HRG) signaling has been implicated in the development of an aggressive phenotype in breast cancer (BC) cells, and HER2 overexpression has been associated with a worse prognosis in BC patients. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms through which HRG affects the efficiency of anti-HER2 therapies such as trastuzumab (Tz) and trastuzumab-emtansine (T-DM1) are currently unknown. METHODS In the present study, we evaluate the molecular action of HRG toward fundamental scaffold proteins and several kinases in the signal transduction pathways triggered via HER2/HER3, which integrate precise and sequential steps to promote changes in cell morphology to impulse BC cell migration. In addition, we evaluate the effectiveness of Tz and T-DM1 on the control of key proteins involved in BC cell motility, since the acquisition of a migratory phenotype is essential to promote invasion and metastasis. RESULTS We show that HRG induces actin cytoskeleton reorganization and focal adhesion complex formation, and promotes actin nucleation in BT-474 BC cells. This signaling is triggered by HER2/HER3 to c-Src, FAK and paxillin. When paxillin is phosphorylated, it recruits PAK1, which then phosphorylates cortactin. In parallel, paxillin signals to N-WASP, and both signalings regulate Arp2/3 complex, leading to the local reorganization of actin fibers. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal an original mechanism by which HRG increases HER2+ BC cell motility, and show that the latter can be abolished by Tz and T-DM1 treatments. These results provide evidence for the molecular mechanisms involved in cell motility and drug resistance. They will be useful to develop new and more specific therapeutic schemes that interfere with the progression and metastasis of HER2+ BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joselina Magali Mondaca
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Movimiento Celular, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Av. Ruiz Leal S/N. Parque Gral, San Martin CC855, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Ana Carla Castro Guijarro
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Av. Ruiz Leal S/N. Parque Gral, San Martin CC855, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Marina Inés Flamini
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Av. Ruiz Leal S/N. Parque Gral, San Martin CC855, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - Angel Matias Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Movimiento Celular, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Av. Ruiz Leal S/N. Parque Gral, San Martin CC855, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina.
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17
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Th1 cytokine interferon gamma improves response in HER2 breast cancer by modulating the ubiquitin proteasomal pathway. Mol Ther 2021; 29:1541-1556. [PMID: 33412308 PMCID: PMC8058490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
HER2 breast cancer (BC) remains a significant problem in patients with locally advanced or metastatic BC. We investigated the relationship between T helper 1 (Th1) immune response and the proteasomal degradation pathway (PDP), in HER2-sensitive and -resistant cells. HER2 overexpression is partially maintained because E3 ubiquitin ligase Cullin5 (CUL5), which degrades HER2, is frequently mutated or underexpressed, while the client-protective co-chaperones cell division cycle 37 (Cdc37) and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) are increased translating to diminished survival. The Th1 cytokine interferon (IFN)-γ caused increased CUL5 expression and marked dissociation of both Cdc37 and Hsp90 from HER2, causing significant surface loss of HER2, diminished growth, and induction of tumor senescence. In HER2-resistant mammary carcinoma, either IFN-γ or Th1-polarizing anti-HER2 vaccination, when administered with anti-HER2 antibodies, demonstrated increased intratumor CUL5 expression, decreased surface HER2, and tumor senescence with significant therapeutic activity. IFN-γ synergized with multiple HER2-targeted agents to decrease surface HER2 expression, resulting in decreased tumor growth. These data suggest a novel function of IFN-γ that regulates HER2 through the PDP pathway and provides an opportunity to impact HER2 responses through anti-tumor immunity.
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18
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Han J, Qu H, Han M, Ding Y, Xie M, Hu J, Chen Y, Dong H. MSC-induced lncRNA AGAP2-AS1 promotes stemness and trastuzumab resistance through regulating CPT1 expression and fatty acid oxidation in breast cancer. Oncogene 2020; 40:833-847. [PMID: 33273726 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01574-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Trastuzumab resistance has been becoming a major obstacle for treatment of HER-2-positive breast cancer patients. Increasing evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play critical roles during the formation of drug resistance, however, the underlying mechanism is not well known. In this study, mass spectrometry, RNA pulldown and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were performed to verify the direct interactions among AGAP2-AS1 and other associated targets, such as human antigen R (HuR), miR-15a-5p, and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1). In vitro and in vivo experimental assays were done to clarify the functional role of AGAP2-AS1 in trastuzumab resistance, stemness, and fatty acid oxidation (FAO). The results showed that MSC co-culture induced trastuzumab resistance. AGAP2-AS1 was upregulated in MSC-cultured cells, and knockdown of AGAP2-AS1 reversed the MSC-mediated trastuzumab resistance. Furthermore, MSC culture-induced AGAP2-AS1 regulates stemness and trastuzumab resistance via activating FAO. Mechanistically, AGAP2-AS1 is associated with HuR, and the AGAP2-AS1-HuR complex could directly bind to the CPT1, increasing its expression via improving RNA stability. In addition, AGAP2-AS1 could serve as ceRNA via sponging miR-15a-5p and releasing CPT1 mRNA. Clinically, increased expression of serum AGAP2-AS1 predicts poor response to trastuzumab treatment in breast cancer patients. In conclusion, MSC culture-induced AGAP2-AS1 caused stemness and trastuzumab resistance via promoting CPT1 expression and inducing FAO. Our results provide new insight of the role of MSCs in trastuzumab resistance and AGAP2-AS1 could be promising predictive biomarker and therapeutic target for HER-2+ breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570311, Haikou, China
| | - Hongbo Qu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou City, 423000, Hunan, China
| | - Mingli Han
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yichao Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570311, Haikou, China
| | - Mingwei Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570311, Haikou, China
| | - Jianguo Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400010, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanwen Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing Renji Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing, China, 400062, Chongqing, China
| | - Huaying Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570311, Haikou, China.
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19
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Mendoza-Almanza G, Burciaga-Hernández L, Maldonado V, Melendez-Zajgla J, Olmos J. Role of platelets and breast cancer stem cells in metastasis. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1237-1254. [PMID: 33312396 PMCID: PMC7705471 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i11.1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The high mortality rate of breast cancer is mainly caused by the metastatic ability of cancer cells, resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and tumor regression capacity. In recent years, it has been shown that the presence of breast cancer stem cells is closely associated with the migration and metastatic ability of cancer cells, as well as with their resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The tumor microenvironment is one of the main molecular factors involved in cancer and metastatic processes development, in this sense it is interesting to study the role of platelets, one of the main communicator cells in the human body which are activated by the signals they receive from the microenvironment and can generate more than one response. Platelets can ingest and release RNA, proteins, cytokines and growth factors. After the platelets interact with the tumor microenvironment, they are called "tumor-educated platelets." Tumor-educated platelets transport material from the tumor microenvironment to sites adjacent to the tumor, thus helping to create microenvironments conducive for the development of primary and metastatic tumors. It has been observed that the clone capable of carrying out the metastatic process is a cancer cell with stem cell characteristics. Cancer stem cells go through a series of processes, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, intravasation into blood vessels, movement through blood vessels, extravasation at the site of the establishment of a metastatic focus, and site colonization. Tumor-educated platelets support all these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vilma Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Epigenética, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México 14610, Mexico
| | - Jorge Melendez-Zajgla
- Génómica funcional del cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México 14610, Mexico
| | - Jorge Olmos
- Biotecnología Marina, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Estudios Superiores de Ensenada, Ensenada 22860, Mexico
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20
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Naik N, Madani A, Esteva A, Keskar NS, Press MF, Ruderman D, Agus DB, Socher R. Deep learning-enabled breast cancer hormonal receptor status determination from base-level H&E stains. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5727. [PMID: 33199723 PMCID: PMC7670411 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
For newly diagnosed breast cancer, estrogen receptor status (ERS) is a key molecular marker used for prognosis and treatment decisions. During clinical management, ERS is determined by pathologists from immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of biopsied tissue for the targeted receptor, which highlights the presence of cellular surface antigens. This is an expensive, time-consuming process which introduces discordance in results due to variability in IHC preparation and pathologist subjectivity. In contrast, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining—which highlights cellular morphology—is quick, less expensive, and less variable in preparation. Here we show that machine learning can determine molecular marker status, as assessed by hormone receptors, directly from cellular morphology. We develop a multiple instance learning-based deep neural network that determines ERS from H&E-stained whole slide images (WSI). Our algorithm—trained strictly with WSI-level annotations—is accurate on a varied, multi-country dataset of 3,474 patients, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.92 for sensitivity and specificity. Our approach has the potential to augment clinicians’ capabilities in cancer prognosis and theragnosis by harnessing biological signals imperceptible to the human eye. Determination of estrogen receptor status (ERS) in breast cancer tissue requires immunohistochemistry, which is sensitive to the vagaries of sample processing and the subjectivity of pathologists. Here the authors present a deep learning model that determines ERS from H&E stained tissue, which could improve oncology decisions in under-resourced settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Naik
- Salesforce Research, 575 High St, Palo Alto, CA, 94301, USA.
| | - Ali Madani
- Salesforce Research, 575 High St, Palo Alto, CA, 94301, USA
| | - Andre Esteva
- Salesforce Research, 575 High St, Palo Alto, CA, 94301, USA
| | | | - Michael F Press
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Daniel Ruderman
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, University of Southern California, 12414 Exposition Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - David B Agus
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, University of Southern California, 12414 Exposition Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Richard Socher
- Salesforce Research, 575 High St, Palo Alto, CA, 94301, USA
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21
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Jubie S, Durai U, Latha S, Ayyamperumal S, Wadhwani A, Prabha T. Repurposing of Benzimidazole Scaffolds for HER2 Positive Breast Cancer Therapy: An In-Silico Approach. Curr Drug Res Rev 2020; 13:73-83. [PMID: 32955008 DOI: 10.2174/2589977512999200821170221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A newer trend has been seen recently to reuse the conventional drugs with distinct indications for the newer applications to speed up the drug discovery and development based on earlier records and safety data. Most of the non-cancerous agents could afford a little or tolerable side effects in individuals. However, the repositioning of these non-cancerous agents for successful anticancer therapy is an outstanding strategy for future anti-cancer drug development. Since more diverse and selective cancer drug targets are being discovered and developed, the approved drug collections are particularly useful to quickly identify clinically advanced anticancer drugs against those targets. OBJECTIVE Antihelminthic drugs such as Mebendazole and Albendazole (Benzimidazole class) have been reported to exhibit cytotoxicity (or anticancer activities) against several types of cancer. Therefore, this study aims to repurpose the benzimidazole scaffold for breast cancer treatment. METHODS In the present study, three hydrazone analogs having a benzimidazole motif in their structural frame were synthesized. Their in-silico binding studies against HER2 receptor (PDB ID: 4LQM) and ADMET studies were carried out using Accelrys drug discovery studio 4.1. Cytotoxicity of the synthesized compounds against HER2 overexpressed MCF-7 cell lines was determined by MTT assay. RESULTS One of the compounds 2-[2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazinylidene]-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazole (U1) has shown good cytotoxicity when compared to the standard Lapatinib, which is a well known HER2 inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS Thus, the designed benzimidazole scaffold might serve as the best leads for treating breast cancer, which is additionally confirmed by performing their docking study via Accelrys discovery studio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Jubie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Researchooty, Nilgiris, Ooty-643001, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Uma Durai
- Department of Chemistry, PSG College of Arts & Science, Avinasi Road, Coimbatore- 641 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Subbiah Latha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational Research, Anna University, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Selvaraj Ayyamperumal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Researchooty, Nilgiris, Ooty-643001, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ashish Wadhwani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Researchooty, Nilgiris, Ooty-643001, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Thangavelu Prabha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Nandha College of Pharmacy, Affiliated to The Tamilnadu Dr. MGR. Medical University-Chennai, Erode-638052, Tamilnadu, India
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22
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Bilani N, Elson L, Liang H, Elimimian EB, Arteta-Bulos R, Nahleh Z. Prognostic and Predictive Value of Circulating and Disseminated Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer: A National Cancer Database (NCDB) Analysis. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820980107. [PMID: 33287661 PMCID: PMC7727087 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820980107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Our understanding of the utility of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) as clinical biomarkers continues to evolve. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated (1) clinicopathologic factors associated with the presence of CTCs or DTCs, (2) the prognostic value of CTCs or DTCs by disease stage, 3), the value of these biomarkers in predicting the benefit of chemotherapy. DESIGN This is a retrospective analysis of patients with breast cancer (BC) diagnosed between 2004 and 2016 using the National Cancer Database (NCDB). To evaluate variables associated with the presence of CTCs or DTCs at the univariate level, we used chi-squared and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Multivariate logistic regression models were then constructed using significant variables. Consequently, we included CTC or DTC status (i.e. positive or negative) in multivariate, stage-by-stage Cox regression analyses for overall survival (OS). After stratifying by receptor status and staging, we used the Kaplan-Meier method to explore chemotherapy efficacy in CTC- or DTC-positive vs. CTC- or DTC-negative subsets. RESULTS Factors significantly associated with CTCs were race, progesterone receptor status, HER2 status, histology and AJCC N- and M-staging. Factors associated with DTCs were race, HER2 status, histology and AJCC N-staging. CTCs were associated with poor OS in late-stage (III and IV) but not early-stage (0-II) BC. DTCs were not significantly associated with OS in either context. In hormone receptor (HR)-positive disease, chemotherapy was associated with better OS when CTC status was positive, both in early-stage and late-stage disease. In a subset of patients without CTCs, however, chemotherapy conferred no survival benefit. DTC status was not a significant predictor of chemotherapy efficacy in early or late-stage, HR+ disease. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that CTC-status is a significant prognostic factor at later stages of BC; yet it can also help guide management of early-stage disease as it appears predictive for chemotherapy benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Bilani
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Maroone Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA
| | - Leah Elson
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Maroone Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA
| | - Hong Liang
- Office of Clinical Research, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA
| | | | - Rafael Arteta-Bulos
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Maroone Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA
| | - Zeina Nahleh
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Maroone Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA
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23
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Dammes N, Peer D. Monoclonal antibody-based molecular imaging strategies and theranostic opportunities. Theranostics 2020; 10:938-955. [PMID: 31903161 PMCID: PMC6929980 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging modalities hold great potential as less invasive techniques for diagnosis and management of various diseases. Molecular imaging combines imaging agents with targeting moieties to specifically image diseased sites in the body. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become increasingly popular as novel therapeutics against a variety of diseases due to their specificity, affinity and serum stability. Because of the same properties, mAbs are also exploited in molecular imaging to target imaging agents such as radionuclides to the cell of interest in vivo. Many studies investigated the use of mAb-targeted imaging for a variety of purposes, for instance to monitor disease progression and to predict response to a specific therapeutic agent. Herein, we highlighted the application of mAb-targeted imaging in three different types of pathologies: autoimmune diseases, oncology and cardiovascular diseases. We also described the potential of molecular imaging strategies in theranostics and precision medicine. Due to the nearly infinite repertoire of mAbs, molecular imaging can change the future of modern medicine by revolutionizing diagnostics and response prediction in practically any disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Dammes
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dan Peer
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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24
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Parakh S, King D, Gan HK, Scott AM. Current Development of Monoclonal Antibodies in Cancer Therapy. Recent Results Cancer Res 2019; 214:1-70. [PMID: 31473848 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23765-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Exploiting the unique specificity of monoclonal antibodies has revolutionized the treatment and diagnosis of haematological and solid organ malignancies; bringing benefit to millions of patients over the past decades. Recent achievements include conjugating antibodies with toxic payloads resulting in superior efficacy and/or reduced toxicity, development of molecular imaging techniques targeting specific antigens for use as predictive and prognostic biomarkers, the development of novel bi- and tri-specific antibodies to enhance therapeutic benefit and abrogate resistance and the success of immunotherapy agents. In this chapter, we review an overview of antibody structure and function relevant to cancer therapy and provide an overview of pivotal clinical trials which have led to regulatory approval of monoclonal antibodies in cancer treatment. We further discuss resistance mechanisms and the unique side effects of each class of antibody and provide an overview of emerging therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagun Parakh
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Melbourne, VIC, 3084, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dylan King
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Melbourne, VIC, 3084, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hui K Gan
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Melbourne, VIC, 3084, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Melbourne, VIC, 3084, Australia. .,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. .,Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia. .,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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25
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Abstract
: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and the second leading cause of cancer death in the world. As treatments advance and survival increases among breast cancer survivors, we will continue to see more obstetric patients exposed to anthracycline drugs. Anthracycline toxicity risk is dose dependent, and any exposure to anthracyclines places obstetric patients at risk to cardiotoxicity. In this case report, we explore the potential chemotherapy toxicities of anthracycline exposure.
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26
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Gharib E, Salmanipour R, Nazemalhosseini Mojarad E, Yaghoob Taleghani M, Sarlak S, Malekzade-Moghani M, Nasrabadi PN, Meiary MA, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Zali MR. HER2 + mCRC patients with exon 20 R784G substitution mutation do not respond to the cetuximab therapy. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:13137-13144. [PMID: 30549033 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) gene undergoes various mutations that could alter its activity or respond to the antibody therapies. Cetuximab, a known anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody (mAB), is widely administered in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) cases. Here we identified mCRC patients who did not respond to cetuximab (500 mg/m2 , q2w) after fluoropyrimidine/oxaliplatin regimen failure. Tumor samples were examined with immunohistochemistry for protein distribution, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequencing for mutation detection and real-time PCR for mRNA expression pattern analysis between cetuximab sensitive and resistance patients. The conformational differences of normal and mutated protein structures were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. The 5-year survival rates of target groups were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Immunohistochemistry showed that all cases had high level of HER2 protein. No K-Ras or B-Raf mutation was observed among the study population; however, cetuximab resistance patients harbored a somatic mutation R784G at the exon 20 region of HER2 coding sequence. According to bioinformatics analysis, this mutation caused a notable misfold in protein conformation. Meanwhile, survival analysis showed R784G mutated mCRC patients had shortened survival rate compared with the mCRC cases with wild-type HER2. Collectively, these data report a new mechanism of resistance to cetuximab and might be applicable in modifying new therapeutic strategies for HER2 involved cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Gharib
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Salmanipour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini Mojarad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yaghoob Taleghani
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saharnaz Sarlak
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Malekzade-Moghani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parinaz Nasri Nasrabadi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Meiary
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Bhujwalla ZM, Kakkad S, Chen Z, Jin J, Hapuarachchige S, Artemov D, Penet MF. Theranostics and metabolotheranostics for precision medicine in oncology. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2018; 291:141-151. [PMID: 29705040 PMCID: PMC5943142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Most diseases, especially cancer, would significantly benefit from precision medicine where treatment is shaped for the individual. The concept of theragnostics or theranostics emerged around 2002 to describe the incorporation of diagnostic assays into the selection of therapy for this purpose. Increasingly, theranostics has been used for strategies that combine noninvasive imaging-based diagnostics with therapy. Within the past decade theranostic imaging has transformed into a rapidly expanding field that is located at the interface of diagnosis and therapy. A critical need in cancer treatment is to minimize damage to normal tissue. Molecular imaging can be applied to identify targets specific to cancer with imaging, design agents against these targets to visualize their delivery, and monitor response to treatment, with the overall purpose of minimizing collateral damage. Genomic and proteomic profiling can provide an extensive 'fingerprint' of each tumor. With this cancer fingerprint, theranostic agents can be designed to personalize treatment for precision medicine of cancer, and minimize damage to normal tissue. Here, for the first time, we have introduced the term 'metabolotheranostics' to describe strategies where disease-based alterations in metabolic pathways detected by MRS are specifically targeted with image-guided delivery platforms to achieve disease-specific therapy. The versatility of MRI and MRS in molecular and functional imaging makes these technologies especially important in theranostic MRI and 'metabolotheranostics'. Our purpose here is to provide insights into the capabilities and applications of this exciting new field in cancer treatment with a focus on MRI and MRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaver M Bhujwalla
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Samata Kakkad
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhihang Chen
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiefu Jin
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sudath Hapuarachchige
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dmitri Artemov
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marie-France Penet
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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28
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Huang WC, Hung CM, Wei CT, Chen TM, Chien PH, Pan HL, Lin YM, Chen YJ. Interleukin-6 expression contributes to lapatinib resistance through maintenance of stemness property in HER2-positive breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:62352-62363. [PMID: 27694691 PMCID: PMC5308732 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lapatinib is an inhibitor of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), which is overexpressed in 20-25% of breast cancers. Clinically, lapatinib has shown promising benefits for HER2-positive breast cancer patients; however, patients eventually acquire resistance, limiting its long-term use. In a previous study, we found that interleukin-6 (IL-6) production was increased in acquired lapatinib-resistant HER2-positive breast cancer cells. In the present study, we confirmed that lapatinib-resistant cells had elevated IL-6 expression and also maintained both stemness population and property. The increase in IL-6 was required for stemness property maintenance, which was mediated primarily through the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Blocking IL-6 activity reduced spheroid formation, cell viability and subsequently overcame lapatinib resistance, whereas stimulation of IL-6 rendered parental cells more resistant to lapatinib-induced cytotoxicity. These results point to a novel mechanism underlying lapatinib resistance and provide a potential strategy to overcome resistance via IL-6 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chien Huang
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ming Hung
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan.,Department of General Surgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ting Wei
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan.,Department of General Surgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ming Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chien
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Lin Pan
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Ming Lin
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ju Chen
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science & Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
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29
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Decorated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Monoclonal Antibody and Diethylene-Triamine-Pentaacetic Acid Labeled with Thechnetium-99m and Galium-68 for Breast Cancer Imaging. Pharm Res 2018; 35:24. [PMID: 29305666 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study we developed and tested an iron oxide nanoparticle conjugated with DTPA and Trastuzumab, which can efficiently be radiolabeled with 99m-Tc and Ga-68, generating a nanoradiopharmaceutical agent to be used for SPECT and PET imaging. METHODS The production of iron oxide nanoparticle conjugated with DTPA and Trastuzumab was made using phosphorylethanolamine (PEA) surface modification. Both radiolabeling process was made by the direct radiolabeling of the nanoparticles. The in vivo assay was done in female Balb/c nude mice xenografted with breast cancer. Also a planar imaging using the radiolabeled nanoparticle was performed. RESULTS No thrombus and immune response leading to unwanted interaction and incorporation of nanoparticles by endothelium and organs, except filtration by the kidneys, was observed. In fact, more than 80% of 99mTc-DTPA-TZMB@Fe3O4 nanoparticles seems to be cleared by the renal pathway but the implanted tumor whose seems to increase the expression of HER2 receptors enhancing the uptake by all other organs. CONCLUSION However, even in this unfavorable situation the tumor bioconcentrated much larger amounts of the nano-agent than normal tissues giving clear enough contrast for breast cancer imaging for diagnostics purpose by both SPECT and PET technique. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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30
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Shi AP, Fan ZM, Ma KW, Jiang YF, Wang L, Zhang KW, Fu SB, Xu N, Zhang ZR. Isolation and characterization of adult mammary stem cells from breast cancer-adjacent tissues. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2894-2902. [PMID: 28927044 PMCID: PMC5588124 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal adult mammary stem cells (AMSCs) are promising sources for breast reconstruction, particularly following the resection of breast tumors. However, carcinogenic events can potentially convert normal AMSCs to cancer stem cells, posing a safety concern for the use of AMSCs for clinical tissue regeneration. In the present study, AMSCs and autologous primary breast cancer cells were isolated and compared for their ability to differentiate, their gene expression profile, and their potential to form tumors in vivo. AMSCs were isolated from normal tissue surrounding primary breast tumors by immunomagnetic sorting. The pluripotency of these cells was investigated by differentiation analysis, and gene expression profiles were compared with microarrays. Differentially expressed candidate genes were confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses. The in vivo tumorigenicity of these cells, compared with low-malignancy MCF-7 cells, was also investigated by xenograft tumor formation analysis. The results revealed that AMSCs isolated from normal tissues surrounding primary breast tumors were positive for the stem cell markers epithelial-specific antigen and keratin-19. When stimulated with basic fibroblast growth factor, a differentiation agent, these AMSCs formed lobuloalveolar structures with myoepithelia that were positive for common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen. The gene expression profiles revealed that, compared with cancer cells, AMSCs expressed low levels of oncogenes, including MYC, RAS and ErbB receptor tyrosine kinase 2, and high levels of tumor suppressor genes, including RB transcriptional corepressor 1, phosphatase and tensin homolog, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A. When injected into nude non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency-type mice, the AMSCs did not form tumors, and regular mammary ductal structures were generated. The AMSCs isolated from normal tissue adjacent to primary breast tumors had the normal phenotype of mammary stem cells, and therefore may be promising candidates for mammary reconstruction subsequent to breast tumor resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ping Shi
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Min Fan
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Wei Ma
- Department of Oncology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Fang Jiang
- Central Laboratory, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Wei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Bo Fu
- MH Radiobiology Research Unit, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ru Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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31
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Guo Z, Zhao M, Howard EW, Zhao Q, Parris AB, Ma Z, Yang X. Phenformin inhibits growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cells through targeting the IGF1R pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:60342-60357. [PMID: 28947975 PMCID: PMC5601143 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports suggest that metformin, a popular anti-diabetes drug, prevents breast cancer through various systemic effects, including insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFR) regulation. Although the anti-cancer properties of metformin have been well-studied, reports on a more bioavailable/potent biguanide, phenformin, remain sparse. Phenformin exerts similar functional activity to metformin and has been reported to impede mammary carcinogenesis in rats. Since the effects of phenformin on specific breast cancer subtypes have not been fully explored, we used ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cell and animal models to test the anti-cancer potential of phenformin. We report that phenformin (25-75 μM) decreased cell proliferation and impaired cell cycle progression in SKBR3 and 78617 breast cancer cells. Reduced tumor size after phenformin treatment (30 mg/kg/day) was demonstrated in an MMTV-ErbB2 transgenic mouse syngeneic tumor model. Phenformin also blocked epithelial-mesenchymal transition, decreased the invasive phenotype, and suppressed receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, including insulin receptor substrate 1 and IGF1R, in ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cells and mouse mammary tumor-derived tissues. Moreover, phenformin suppressed IGF1-stimulated proliferation, receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in vitro. Together, our study implicates phenformin-mediated IGF1/IGF1R regulation as a potential anti-cancer mechanism and supports the development of phenformin and other biguanides as breast cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Guo
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erin W Howard
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Qingxia Zhao
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amanda B Parris
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zhikun Ma
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xiaohe Yang
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
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Jensen K, Krusenstjerna-Hafstrøm R, Lohse J, Petersen KH, Derand H. A novel quantitative immunohistochemistry method for precise protein measurements directly in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens: analytical performance measuring HER2. Mod Pathol 2017; 30:180-193. [PMID: 27767098 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In clinical routine pathology today, detection of protein in intact formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue is limited to immunohistochemistry, which is semi-quantitative. This study presents a new and reliable quantitative immunohistochemistry method, qIHC, based on a novel amplification system that enables quantification of protein directly in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue by counting of dots. The qIHC technology can be combined with standard immunohistochemistry, and assessed using standard bright-field microscopy or image analysis. The objective was to study analytical performance of the qIHC method. qIHC was tested under requirements for an analytical quantitative test, and compared with ELISA and flow cytometry for quantitative protein measurements. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein expression was measured in five different cell lines with HER2 expression from undetectable with immunohistochemistry to strong positive staining (IHC 3+). Repeatability, reproducibility, robustness, linearity, dynamic range, sensitivity, and quantification limits were evaluated. Reproducibility and robustness were assessed in a setup to resemble daily work in a laboratory using a commercial immunohistochemistry platform. In addition, qIHC was correlated to standard HER2 immunohistochemistry in 44 breast cancer specimens. For all evaluated parameters, qIHC performance was either comparable or better than the reference methods. Furthermore, qIHC has a lower limit of detection than both immunohistochemistry and the ELISA reference method, and demonstrated ability to measure HER2 accurately and precise within a large dynamic range. In conclusion, the results show that qIHC provides a sensitive, quantitative, accurate, and robust assay for measurement of protein expression in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cell lines, and tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Jensen
- Dako Denmark A/S, an Agilent Technologies Company, Produktionsvej 42, Glostrup, Denmark
| | | | - Jesper Lohse
- Dako Denmark A/S, an Agilent Technologies Company, Produktionsvej 42, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Kenneth H Petersen
- Dako Denmark A/S, an Agilent Technologies Company, Produktionsvej 42, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Helene Derand
- Dako Denmark A/S, an Agilent Technologies Company, Produktionsvej 42, Glostrup, Denmark
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Ma Z, Parris AB, Xiao Z, Howard EW, Kosanke SD, Feng X, Yang X. Short-term early exposure to lapatinib confers lifelong protection from mammary tumor development in MMTV-erbB-2 transgenic mice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:6. [PMID: 28061785 PMCID: PMC5217213 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0479-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although chemopreventative agents targeting the estrogen/estrogen receptor (ER) pathway have been effective for ER+ breast cancers, prevention of hormone receptor-negative breast cancers, such as Her2/erbB-2+ breast cancers, remains a significant issue. Previous studies have demonstrated that administration of EGFR/erbB-2-targeting lapatinib to MMTV-erbB-2 transgenic mice inhibited mammary tumor development. The prevention, however, was achieved by prolonged high dose exposure. The tolerance to high dose/long-term drug administration may hinder its potential in clinical settings. Therefore, we aimed to test a novel, short-term chemopreventative strategy using lapatinib during the premalignant risk window in MMTV-erbB-2 mice. METHODS We initially treated cultured cells with lapatinib to explore the anti-proliferative effects of lapatinib in vitro. We used a syngeneic tumor graft model to begin exploring the in vivo anti-tumorigenic effects of lapatinib in MMTV-erbB-2 mice. Then, we tested the efficacy of brief exposure to lapatinib (100 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks), beginning at 16 weeks of age, in the prevention of mammary tumor development in MMTV-erbB-2 mice. RESULTS In the syngeneic tumor transplant model, we determined that lapatinib significantly inhibited tumor cell proliferation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that short-term lapatinib exposure resulted in life-long protective effects, as supported by increased tumor latency in lapatinib-treated mice compared to the control mice. We further established that delayed tumor development in the treated mice was preceded by decreased BrdU nuclear incorporation and inhibited mammary morphogenesis. Molecular analysis indicated that lapatinib inhibited phosphorylation and expression of EGFR, erbB-3, erbB-2, Akt1, and Erk1/2 in premalignant mammary tissues. Also, lapatinib drastically inhibited the phosphorylation and expression of ERα and the transcription of ER target genes in premalignant mammary tissues. We also determined that lapatinib suppressed the stemness of breast cancer cell lines, as evidenced by decreased tumorsphere formation and ALDH+ cell populations. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data demonstrate that brief treatment with EGFR/erbB-2-targeting agents before the onset of tumors may provide lifelong protection from mammary tumors, through the concurrent inhibition of erbB-2 and ER signaling pathways and consequential reprogramming. Our findings support further clinical testing to explore the benefit of shorter lapatinib exposure in the prevention of erbB-2-mediated carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Ma
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, 500 Laureate Way, Room 4301, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA.,Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Sciences and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Amanda B Parris
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, 500 Laureate Way, Room 4301, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Zhengzheng Xiao
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, 500 Laureate Way, Room 4301, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Erin W Howard
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, 500 Laureate Way, Room 4301, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Stanley D Kosanke
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Xiaoshan Feng
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Sciences and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaohe Yang
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, 500 Laureate Way, Room 4301, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA. .,Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Sciences and Technology, Luoyang, China.
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Elizalde PV, Cordo Russo RI, Chervo MF, Schillaci R. ErbB-2 nuclear function in breast cancer growth, metastasis and resistance to therapy. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:T243-T257. [PMID: 27765799 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 15-20% of breast cancers (BC) show either membrane overexpression of ErbB-2 (MErbB-2), a member of the ErbBs family of receptor tyrosine kinases, or ERBB2 gene amplification. Until the development of MErbB-2-targeted therapies, this BC subtype, called ErbB-2-positive, was associated with increased metastatic potential and poor prognosis. Although these therapies have significantly improved overall survival and cure rates, resistance to available drugs is still a major clinical issue. In its classical mechanism, MErbB-2 activates downstream signaling cascades, which transduce its effects in BC. The fact that ErbB-2 is also present in the nucleus of BC cells was discovered over twenty years ago. Also, compelling evidence revealed a non-canonical function of nuclear ErbB-2 as a transcriptional regulator. As a deeper understanding of nuclear ErbB-2 actions would be crucial to the disclosure of its role as a biomarker and a target of therapy in BC, we will here review its function in BC, in particular, its role in growth, metastatic spreading and response to currently available MErbB-2-positive BC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia V Elizalde
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of CarcinogenesisInstituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosalía I Cordo Russo
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of CarcinogenesisInstituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria F Chervo
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of CarcinogenesisInstituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roxana Schillaci
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of CarcinogenesisInstituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Liu W, Wang L, Liu J, Yuan J, Chen J, Wu H, Xiang Q, Yang G, Li Y. A Comparative Performance Analysis of Multispectral and RGB Imaging on HER2 Status Evaluation for the Prediction of Breast Cancer Prognosis. Transl Oncol 2016; 9:521-530. [PMID: 27835789 PMCID: PMC5109258 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the extensive application of multispectral imaging (MSI) in biomedical multidisciplinary researches, there is a paucity of data available regarding the implication of MSI in tumor prognosis prediction. We compared the behaviors of multispectral (MS) and conventional red-green-blue (RGB) images on assessment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) immunohistochemistry to explore their impact on outcome in patients with invasive breast cancer (BC). Tissue microarrays containing 240 BC patients were introduced to compare the performance of MS and RGB imaging methods on the quantitative assessment of HER2 status and the prognostic value of 5-year disease-free survival (5-DFS). Both the total and average signal optical density values of HER2 MS and RGB images were analyzed, and all patients were divided into two groups based on the different 5-DFS. The quantification of HER2 MS images was negatively correlated with 5-DFS in lymph node–negative and –positive patients (P < .05), but RGB images were not in lymph node–positive patients (P = .101). Multivariate analysis indicated that the hazard ratio (HR) of HER2 MS was higher than that of HER2 RGB (HR = 2.454; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.636-3.681 vs HR = 2.060; 95% CI, 1.361-3.119). Additionally, area under curve (AUC) by receiver operating characteristic analysis for HER2 MS was greater than that for HER2 RGB (AUC = 0.649; 95% CI, 0.577-0.722 vs AUC = 0.596; 95% CI, 0.522-0.670) in predicting the risk for recurrence. More importantly, the quantification of HER2 MS images has higher prediction accuracy than that of HER2 RGB images (69.6% vs 65.0%) on 5-DFS. Our study suggested that better information on BC prognosis could be obtained from the quantification of HER2 MS images and MS images might perform better in predicting BC prognosis than conventional RGB images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlou Liu
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors & Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Linwei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors & Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jiuyang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors & Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jingping Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jiamei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors & Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors & Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qingming Xiang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors & Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Guifang Yang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors & Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, China; Department of Peritoneal Cancer Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.
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36
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Venturutti L, Romero LV, Urtreger AJ, Chervo MF, Cordo Russo RI, Mercogliano MF, Inurrigarro G, Pereyra MG, Proietti CJ, Izzo F, Díaz Flaqué MC, Sundblad V, Roa JC, Guzmán P, Bal de Kier Joffé ED, Charreau EH, Schillaci R, Elizalde PV. Stat3 regulates ErbB-2 expression and co-opts ErbB-2 nuclear function to induce miR-21 expression, PDCD4 downregulation and breast cancer metastasis. Oncogene 2016; 35:2208-22. [PMID: 26212010 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Membrane overexpression of the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB-2 (MErbB-2) accounts for a clinically aggressive breast cancer (BC) subtype (ErbB-2-positive) with increased incidence of metastases. We and others demonstrated that nuclear ErbB-2 (NErbB-2) also plays a key role in BC and is a poor prognostic factor in ErbB-2-positive tumors. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3), another player in BC, has been recognized as a downstream mediator of MErbB-2 action in BC metastasis. Here, we revealed an unanticipated novel direction of the ErbB-2 and Stat3 interaction underlying BC metastasis. We found that Stat3 binds to its response elements (GAS) at the ErbB-2 promoter to upregulate ErbB-2 transcription in metastatic, ErbB-2-positive BC. We validated these results in several BC subtypes displaying metastatic and non-metastatic ability, highlighting Stat3 general role as upstream regulator of ErbB-2 expression in BC. Moreover, we showed that Stat3 co-opts NErbB-2 function by recruiting ErbB-2 as its coactivator at the GAS sites in the promoter of microRNA-21 (miR-21), a metastasis-promoting microRNA (miRNA). Using an ErbB-2 nuclear localization domain mutant and a constitutively activated ErbB-2 variant, we found that NErbB-2 role as a Stat3 coactivator and also its direct role as transcription factor upregulate miR-21 in BC. This reveals a novel function of NErbB-2 as a regulator of miRNAs expression. Increased levels of miR-21, in turn, downregulate the expression of the metastasis-suppressor protein programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), a validated miR-21 target. Using an in vivo model of metastatic ErbB-2-postive BC, in which we silenced Stat3 and reconstituted ErbB-2 or miR-21 expression, we showed that both are downstream mediators of Stat3-driven metastasis. Supporting the clinical relevance of our results, we found an inverse correlation between ErbB-2/Stat3 nuclear co-expression and PDCD4 expression in ErbB-2-positive primary invasive BCs. Our findings identify Stat3 and NErbB-2 as novel therapeutic targets to inhibit ErbB-2-positive BC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Venturutti
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L V Romero
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A J Urtreger
- Research Area, Institute of Oncology 'Angel H. Roffo', University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M F Chervo
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R I Cordo Russo
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M F Mercogliano
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Inurrigarro
- Servicio de Patología, Sanatorio Mater Dei, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M G Pereyra
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C J Proietti
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Izzo
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M C Díaz Flaqué
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V Sundblad
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J C Roa
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - P Guzmán
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - E D Bal de Kier Joffé
- Research Area, Institute of Oncology 'Angel H. Roffo', University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E H Charreau
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Schillaci
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P V Elizalde
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Wang WJ, Lei YY, Mei JH, Wang CL. Recent progress in HER2 associated breast cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:2591-600. [PMID: 25854334 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.7.2591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide among women and the second most common cancer. Approximately 15-23% of breast cancers over-express human epidermal growth factor receptor2 (HER2), a 185-kDa transmembrane tyrosine kinase, which is mainly found at the cell surface of tumor cells. HER2-positive breast cancer, featuring amplification of HER2/neu and negative expression of ER and PR, has the three following characteristics: rapid tumor growth, lower survival rate, and better response to adjuvant therapies. Clinically, it is notable for its role in a pathogenesis that is associated with increased disease recurrence and acts as a worse prognosis. At the same time, it represents a good target for anti-cancer immunotherapy despite the prevalence of drug resistance. New treatments are a major topic of research, and a brighter future can be expected. This review discusses the role of HER2 in breast cancer, therapeutic modalities available and prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jia Wang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China E-mail : ;
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WASF3 provides the conduit to facilitate invasion and metastasis in breast cancer cells through HER2/HER3 signaling. Oncogene 2016; 35:4633-40. [PMID: 26804171 PMCID: PMC4959990 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The WASF3 gene is overexpressed in high-grade breast cancer and promotes invasion and metastasis but does not affect proliferation. The HER2/ERBB2/NEU gene is also frequently overexpressed in breast cancer and has been shown to promote invasion and metastasis in these tumors. Here we show that WASF3 in present in the HER2 immunocomplex and suppression of WASF3 function leads to suppression of invasion even in the presence of HER2 expression. Overexpression of both HER2 and WASF3 in non-metastatic MCF7 breast cancer cells promotes invasion and metastasis more significantly than either gene alone. HER2 forms homodimers as well as heterodimers with other HER family members and we now show that the ability of WASF3 to promote invasion is highly dependent on the HER2/HER3 heterodimer. The engagement of WASF3 with the HER2/HER3 complex facilitates its phospho-activation and transcriptional upregulation, which is facilitated by HER2/HER3 activation of JAK/STAT signaling. In breast cancer cells overexpressing HER2, therefore, WASF3 is specifically required to facilitate the invasion/metastasis response. Targeting WASF3, therefore, could be a potential therapeutic approach to suppress metastasis of HER2-overexpressing breast tumors.
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39
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de Souza VB, Schenka AA. Cancer Stem and Progenitor-Like Cells as Pharmacological Targets in Breast Cancer Treatment. Breast Cancer (Auckl) 2015; 9:45-55. [PMID: 26609237 PMCID: PMC4644141 DOI: 10.4137/bcbcr.s29427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review is focused on the current role of neoplastic stem and progenitor-like cells as primary targets in the pharmacotherapy of cancer as well as in the development of new anticancer drugs. We begin by summarizing the main characteristics of these tumor-initiating cells and key concepts that support their participation in therapeutic failure. In particular, we discuss the differences between the major carcinogenesis models (ie, clonal evolution vs cancer stem cell (CSC) model) with emphasis on breast cancer (given its importance to the study of CSCs) and their implications for the development of new treatment strategies. In addition, we describe the main ways to target these cells, including the main signaling pathways that are more activated or altered in CSCs. Finally, we provide a comprehensive compilation of the most recently tested drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria B. de Souza
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André A. Schenka
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
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40
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Xiang QM, Wang LW, Yuan JP, Chen JM, Yang F, Li Y. Quantum dot-based multispectral fluorescent imaging to quantitatively study co-expressions of Ki67 and HER2 in breast cancer. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 99:133-8. [PMID: 26102249 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Both Ki67 and HER2 are key prognostic molecules for invasive breast cancer (BC), but the individual relative impacts on prognosis of these molecules are not known. This study was aimed at establishing a quantum dot (QD)-based double-color in-situ quantitative imaging technique to study the co-expressions of Ki67 and HER2, and delineate the individual impacts of these molecules on prognosis. The QD-based fluorescent immunostaining technique could simultaneously image the co-expressions of Ki67 and HER2 in BC specimens, with the former stained as clear red fluorescence in cancer cell nucleus, and the latter as bright green fluorescence on cancer cell membrane. Both Ki67 and HER2 expressions were significantly correlated with 8-year disease free survival (8-DFS) (P<0.05). However, the two molecules had different weights in terms of negative impacts on clinical prognosis. The median 8-DFS was statistically significantly shorter in High-Ki67 High-HER2 subgroup than Low-Ki67 High-HER2 subgroup (11.7 vs. 60.1months, P<0.05), shorter in High-Ki67 Low-HER2 subgroup than Low-Ki67 Low-HER2 subgroup (16.4 vs. 96.0months, P<0.01), shorter in High-Ki67 High-HER2 subgroup than Low-Ki67 Low-HER2 subgroup (11.7 vs. 96.0months, P<0.01), but there were no statistically significant differences in median 8-DFS between High-Ki67 Low-HER2 subgroup and High-Ki67 High-HER2 subgroup (11.7 vs. 16.4months, P=0.586). The hazard ratio (HR) of Ki67 negative impact on 8-DFS was about 3 fold of that of HER2 (HR 4.493 vs. 1.481). This study demonstrated that QD-based fluorescent imaging technique could help the quantitative study on the co-expressions of Ki67 and HER2 in BC, and Ki67 has a greater negative impact on BC prognosis than HER2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Ming Xiang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lin-Wei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jing-Ping Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jia-Mei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China.
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Mahmoodi N, Motamed N, Paylakhi SH, O. Mahmoodi N. Comparing the Effect of Silybin and Silybin Advanced™ on Viability and HER2 Expression on the Human Breast Cancer SKBR3 Cell Line by no Serum Starvation. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2015; 14:521-30. [PMID: 25901160 PMCID: PMC4403069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The polyphenol silybin has anti-oxidant and anti-cancer properties. The poor bioavailability of some polyphenols (flavonoids, and terpenoids) can be improved by binding them to phosphatidylcholine (phytosome technology). Many studies have focused on the most common phytosome, silybin-phosphatidylcholine, particularly for its hepatoprotective effects. However, in recent years, studies have also been conducted to determine its anti-cancer effect. Considering that the serum starvation should not be used for studies that are not focused on cell cycle arrest, we studied the effect of silybin-phosphatidylcholine from Silybin Advanced™ in 1:2 ratio (one part silybin bound to two parts phosphatidylcholine) on HER2 gene expression on the SKBR3 breast cancer cell line which were cultured in complete medium (not serum deprivation). The results were compared with our previous study of silybin on HER2 expression on SKBR3 cells. An MTT test was used to determine concentrations for cell treatment, and the gene expression was defined by real-time RT-PCR. Outcomes showed significant concentration- and time-dependent cell growth inhibitory effects of silybin, and silybin-phosphatidylcholine and HER2 down regulation on SKBR3 cells. Silybin-phosphatidylcholine concentrations had a much larger inhibitory and HER2 down regulate effect on cell growth than the same silybin concentrations on SKBR3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Mahmoodi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish, Iran.,School of Biology, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nasrin Motamed
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish, Iran.,School of Biology, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. ,Emal:
| | | | - Nosrat O. Mahmoodi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
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Park H, Chang SK, Kim JY, Lee BM, Shin HS. Risk factors for distant metastasis as a primary site of treatment failure in early-stage breast cancer. Chonnam Med J 2014; 50:96-101. [PMID: 25568845 PMCID: PMC4276798 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2014.50.3.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for distant metastasis (DM) as a primary site of failure in early-stage breast cancer. Data from 294 patients diagnosed with pathologic stage I or II breast cancer between January 2000 and December 2005 were reviewed retrospectively. Median follow-up duration was 81.0 months (range, 18-135 months). The total number of patients with DM without evidence of locoregional recurrence was 20 and the median time between surgery and DM was 29 months (range, 9-79 months). Median survival time was 38 months (range, 22-77 months) after operation. HER-2 positivity (p=0.015), T stage of tumor (p=0.012), and number of involved lymph nodes (p=0.008) were significant predictors of DM in the univariable analysis. Number of involved lymph nodes [p=0.005, hazards ratio (HR): 1.741; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.178-2.574] and HER-2 positivity (p=0.018, HR: 2.888; 95% CI: 1.201-6.941) had a statistically significant effect on DM-free survival in the multivariable analysis. A cautious evaluation may be helpful when patients with risk factors for DM have symptoms implying the possibility of DM. To reduce DM, applying intensive therapy is needed after curative surgery for patients with high risk for DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeli Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Sei Kyung Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ja Young Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Bo Mi Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Shin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
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Mazzucchelli S, Truffi M, Fiandra L, Sorrentino L, Corsi F. Targeted approaches for HER2 breast cancer therapy: News from nanomedicine? World J Pharmacol 2014; 3:72-85. [DOI: 10.5497/wjp.v3.i4.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
About 30% of human breast cancers are human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)+. This particular biological portrait is characterized by the overexpression of HER2 receptor with the subsequent deregulation of downstream pathways, which control cellular survival and proliferation. The most effective treatment for HER2+ cancer is represented by therapy with HER2-targeted agents. Anti-HER2 therapy dramatically improves clinical outcomes, although it shows some limitations in achieving a proper treatment. These drawbacks of HER2-targeted therapy may be overcome with the development of HER2-targeted drug delivery nanodevices. These nanoparticles possess an internal three-dimensional compartimentalization, which allows to combine the specific target recognition with their capability to act as a drug reservoir for the selective delivery of chemotherapics to tumor sites. Moreover, nanoparticles useful in photothermal ablation or in photodynamic therapy have been functionalized in order to match specificity in tumor cell recognition and suitable chemical properties. Here, we summarize the state of the art concerning the HER2+ breast cancer and anti-HER2 therapy, in particular deepening the contribution of the nanomedicine. Description of preclinical studies performed with HER2-targeted nanoparticles for HER2+ breast cancer therapy will be preceded by an overview on HER2-targeting molecules and nano-conjugation strategies. Further investigation will be necessary to introduce these nano-drugs in clinical practice; however promising results encourage an upcoming translation of this research for the next future.
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Arpel A, Sawma P, Spenlé C, Fritz J, Meyer L, Garnier N, Velázquez-Quesada I, Hussenet T, Aci-Sèche S, Baumlin N, Genest M, Brasse D, Hubert P, Crémel G, Orend G, Laquerrière P, Bagnard D. Transmembrane domain targeting peptide antagonizing ErbB2/Neu inhibits breast tumor growth and metastasis. Cell Rep 2014; 8:1714-1721. [PMID: 25220456 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is still a deadly disease despite major achievements in targeted therapies designed to block ligands or ligand-binding subunits of major tyrosine kinase receptors. Relapse is significant and metastases deleterious, which demands novel strategies for fighting this disease. Here, we report a proof-of-concept experiment demonstrating that small peptides interfering with the transmembrane domain of the tyrosine kinase epidermal growth factor receptor ErbB2 exhibit anticancer properties when used at micromolar dosages in a genetically engineered mouse model of breast cancer. Different assays demonstrate the specificity of the ErbB2-targeting peptide, which induces long-term reduction of ErbB2 phosphorylation and Akt signaling consistent with reduced tumor cell proliferation and increased survival. Microcomputed tomography analysis established the antimetastatic activity of the peptide and its impact on primary tumor growth. This reveals the interior of the cell membrane as an unexplored dimension for drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Arpel
- INSERM U 1109, Labex Medalis, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg 67200, France; CNRS UMR 7178, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg 67037, France
| | - Paul Sawma
- CNRS LISM UMR 7255, Aix Marseille University, Marseille 13402, France
| | - Caroline Spenlé
- INSERM U 1109, Labex Medalis, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg 67200, France
| | - Justine Fritz
- INSERM U 1109, Labex Medalis, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg 67200, France
| | - Lionel Meyer
- INSERM U 1109, Labex Medalis, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg 67200, France
| | - Norbert Garnier
- CNRS UPR 4301, Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire (CBM), Orleans University, Orleans F-45071, France
| | - Inés Velázquez-Quesada
- INSERM U 1109, Labex Medalis, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg 67200, France
| | - Thomas Hussenet
- INSERM U 1109, Labex Medalis, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg 67200, France
| | - Samia Aci-Sèche
- CNRS UPR 4301, Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire (CBM), Orleans University, Orleans F-45071, France; ICOA UMR 7311, Orleans University, Orleans 45100, France
| | - Nadège Baumlin
- INSERM U 1109, Labex Medalis, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg 67200, France
| | - Monique Genest
- CNRS UPR 4301, Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire (CBM), Orleans University, Orleans F-45071, France
| | - David Brasse
- CNRS UMR 7178, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg 67037, France
| | - Pierre Hubert
- CNRS LISM UMR 7255, Aix Marseille University, Marseille 13402, France
| | - Gérard Crémel
- INSERM U 1109, Labex Medalis, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg 67200, France
| | - Gertraud Orend
- INSERM U 1109, Labex Medalis, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg 67200, France
| | - Patrice Laquerrière
- CNRS UMR 7178, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg 67037, France
| | - Dominique Bagnard
- INSERM U 1109, Labex Medalis, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg 67200, France.
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Tin AS, Park AH, Sundar SN, Firestone GL. Essential role of the cancer stem/progenitor cell marker nucleostemin for indole-3-carbinol anti-proliferative responsiveness in human breast cancer cells. BMC Biol 2014; 12:72. [PMID: 25209720 PMCID: PMC4180847 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-014-0072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleostemin is a nucleolus residing GTPase that is considered to be an important cancer stem/progenitor cell marker protein due to its high expression levels in breast cancer stem cells and its role in tumor-initiation of human mammary tumor cells. It has been proposed that nucleostemin may represent a valuable therapeutic target for breast cancer; however, to date evidence supporting the cellular mechanism has not been elucidated. RESULTS Expression of exogenous HER2, a member of the EGF receptor gene family, in the human MCF-10AT preneoplastic mammary epithelial cell line formed a new breast cancer cell line, 10AT-Her2, which is highly enriched in cells with stem/progenitor cell-like character. 10AT-Her2 cells display a CD44+/CD24-/low phenotype with high levels of the cancer stem/progenitor cell marker proteins nucleostemin, and active aldehyde dehydrogenase-1. The overall expression pattern of HER2 protein and the stem/progenitor cell marker proteins in the 10AT-Her2 cell population is similar to that of the luminal HER2+ SKBR3 human breast cancer cell line, whereas, both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells display reduced levels of nucleostemin and no detectable expression of ALDH-1. Importantly, in contrast to the other well-established human breast cancer cell lines, 10AT-Her2 cells efficiently form tumorspheres in suspension cultures and initiate tumor xenograft formation in athymic mice at low cell numbers. Furthermore, 10AT-Her2 cells are highly sensitive to the anti-proliferative apoptotic effects of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a natural anti-cancer indolecarbinol from cruciferous vegetables of the Brassica genus such as broccoli and cabbage. I3C promotes the interaction of nucleostemin with MDM2 (Murine Double Mutant 2), an inhibitor of the p53 tumor suppressor, and disrupts the MDM2 interaction with p53. I3C also induced nucleostemin to sequester MDM2 in a nucleolus compartment, thereby freeing p53 to mediate its apoptotic activity. siRNA knockdown of nucleostemin functionally documented that nucleostemin is required for I3C to trigger its cellular anti-proliferative responses, inhibit tumorsphere formation, and disrupt MDM2-p53 protein-protein interactions. Furthermore, expression of an I3C-resistant form of elastase, the only known target protein for I3C, prevented I3C anti-proliferative responses in cells and in tumor xenografts in vivo, as well as disrupt the I3C stimulated nucleostemin-MDM2 interactions. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide the first evidence that a natural anti-cancer compound mediates its cellular and in vivo tumor anti-proliferative responses by selectively stimulating cellular interactions of the stem/progenitor cell marker nucleostemin with MDM2, which frees p53 to trigger its apoptotic response. Furthermore, our study provides a new mechanistic template that can be potentially exploited for the development of cancer stem/progenitor cell targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Kim H, Abd Elmageed ZY, Davis C, El-Bahrawy AH, Naura AS, Ekaidi I, Abdel-Mageed AB, Boulares AH. Correlation between PDZK1, Cdc37, Akt and breast cancer malignancy: the role of PDZK1 in cell growth through Akt stabilization by increasing and interacting with Cdc37. Mol Med 2014; 20:270-9. [PMID: 24869908 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2013.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PDZ domain containing 1 (PDZK1) is a scaffold protein that plays a role in the fate of several proteins. Estrogen can induce PDZK1 gene expression; however, our recent report showed that PDZK1 expression in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 is indirect and involves insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 receptor function. Such a relationship was established in cell culture systems and human breast cancer tissues. Here we show that overexpression of PDZK1 promoted an increase in cyclin D1 and enhanced anchorage-independent growth of MCF-7 cells in the absence of 17β-estradiol, suggesting that PDZK1 harbors oncogenic activity. Indeed, PDKZ1 overexpression enhanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-stimulated MEK/ERK1/2 signaling and IGF-induced Akt phosphorylation. PDZK1 appeared to play this role, in part, by stabilizing the integrity of the growth promoting factors Akt, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2/Neu) and EGFR. Increased Akt levels occurred via a decrease in the ubiquitination of the kinase. PDZK1 overexpression was associated with resistance to paclitaxel/5-fluorouracil/etoposide only at low concentrations. Although the increased stability of Akt was sensitive to heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibition, increased levels of the cochaperone cell division cycle 37 (Cdc37), as well as its ability to bind PDZK1, appear to play a larger role in kinase stability. Using human tissue microarrays, we show strong positive correlation between PDZK1, Akt and Cdc37 protein levels, and all correlated with human breast malignancy. There were no positive correlations between PDZK1 and Cdc37 at the mRNA levels, confirming our in vitro studies. These results demonstrate a relationship between PDZK1, Akt and Cdc37, and potentially Her2/Neu and EGFR, in breast cancer, representing a new axis that can be targeted therapeutically to reduce the burden of human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hogyoung Kim
- The Stanley Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Zakaria Y Abd Elmageed
- Department of Urology, Tulane Medical Center, Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Christian Davis
- The Stanley Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Ali H El-Bahrawy
- The Stanley Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Amarjit S Naura
- The Stanley Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Ibrahim Ekaidi
- Department of Natural Sciences, Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Asim B Abdel-Mageed
- Department of Urology, Tulane Medical Center, Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - A Hamid Boulares
- The Stanley Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
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Feng C, Huang SX, Gao XM, Xu HX, Luo KQ. Characterization of proapoptotic compounds from the bark of Garcinia oblongifolia. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:1111-1116. [PMID: 24754786 DOI: 10.1021/np4007316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Twenty compounds from Garcinia oblongifolia were screened for proapoptotic activity using FRET-based HeLa-C3 sensor cells. Among them, oblongifolins F and G (1 and 2), 1,3,5-trihydroxy-13,13-dimethyl-2H-pyran[7,6-b]xanthone (3), nigrolineaxanthone T (4), and garcicowin B (5) showed significant proapoptotic activity at a concentration of 10 μM. Bioassessments were then performed to evaluate the potential of these compounds for therapeutic application. All five compounds showed significant cytotoxicity and caspase-3-activating ability in cervical cancer HeLa cells, with compounds 1 and 2 having the highest potencies. All five compounds specifically induced caspase-dependent apoptosis, which could be prevented by the pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk. In particular, 3 induced apoptosis through mitotic arrest. Compounds 1-5 displayed similar IC50 values (3.9-16.5 μM) against the three cancer cell lines HeLa, MDA-MB-435, and HepG2. In addition, compounds 1, 2, and 4 exhibited similar and potent IC50 values (2.4-5.1 μM) against several breast and colon cancer cell lines, including those overexpressing either HER2 or P-glycoprotein. HER2 and P-glycoprotein are known factors that confer resistance to anticancer drugs in cancer cells. This is the first study on the cytotoxicity, caspase-3-activing ability, and specificity of proapoptotic compounds isolated from G. oblongifolia in HeLa cells. The potential application of these compounds against HER2- or P-glycoprotein-overexpressing cancer cells was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Feng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
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Takagi K, Moriguchi T, Miki Y, Nakamura Y, Watanabe M, Ishida T, Yamamoto M, Sasano H, Suzuki T. GATA4 immunolocalization in breast carcinoma as a potent prognostic predictor. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:600-7. [PMID: 24862985 PMCID: PMC4317835 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional GATA factors are known lineage selector genes and regulate a variety of biological processes including specification and differentiation of tissues. In the present study, we examined expression profiles of six GATA factor genes in invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC) of the breast using microarray analysis (n = 20) and found that GATA4 expression was closely correlated with recurrence in patients. Because the significance of GATA4 has remained largely unknown in breast carcinoma, we further immunolocalized GATA4 in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast (n = 48) and IDC (n = 163). GATA4 immunoreactivity was detected in the nuclei of carcinoma cells and was positive in 27% of DCIS and 31% of IDC cases. GATA4 status was significantly associated with nuclear grade and van Nuys classification in DCIS and was positively associated with distant metastasis, histological grade and HER2 status, but negatively correlated with progesterone receptor labeling index in IDC. Subsequent multivariate analysis demonstrated that GATA4 status was an independent prognostic factor for both disease-free and breast cancer-specific survival of IDC patients. All of these results indicate that GATA4 plays important roles in the progression of breast carcinoma from an early stage and that immunohistochemical GATA4 status is considered a potent prognostic factor in human breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Takagi
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Chung A, Cui X, Audeh W, Giuliano A. Current status of anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 therapies: predicting and overcoming herceptin resistance. Clin Breast Cancer 2014; 13:223-32. [PMID: 23829888 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-overexpressing (HER2+) breast cancer occurs in 20% to 25% of cases and is associated with poor prognosis. Trastuzumab (Herceptin; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA) is a monoclonal antibody targeting the HER2 extracellular domain that has been shown to significantly reduce relapse rates. However, some patients with HER2+ tumors do not respond to Herceptin, and 60% to 85% of patients with HER2+ metastatic breast cancer acquire resistance within a short time period. In this review, we discuss proposed mechanisms of action of trastuzumab and trastuzumab resistance and various drugs that have been developed to overcome drug resistance. We introduce the basal molecular subtype as a predictor of increased risk in HER2+ breast cancer and a possible alternative cause of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Chung
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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50
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Brix DM, Clemmensen KKB, Kallunki T. When Good Turns Bad: Regulation of Invasion and Metastasis by ErbB2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase. Cells 2014; 3:53-78. [PMID: 24709902 PMCID: PMC3980748 DOI: 10.3390/cells3010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression and activation of ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase in breast cancer is strongly linked to an aggressive disease with high potential for invasion and metastasis. In addition to inducing very aggressive, metastatic cancer, ErbB2 activation mediates processes such as increased cancer cell proliferation and survival and is needed for normal physiological activities, such as heart function and development of the nervous system. How does ErbB2 activation make cancer cells invasive and when? Comprehensive understanding of the cellular mechanisms leading to ErbB2-induced malignant processes is necessary for answering these questions. Here we present current knowledge about the invasion-promoting function of ErbB2 and the mechanisms involved in it. Obtaining detailed information about the "bad" behavior of ErbB2 can facilitate development of novel treatments against ErbB2-positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditte Marie Brix
- Unit of Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Knut Kristoffer Bundgaard Clemmensen
- Unit of Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Tuula Kallunki
- Unit of Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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