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HBV-Integration Studies in the Clinic: Role in the Natural History of Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:v13030368. [PMID: 33652619 PMCID: PMC7996909 DOI: 10.3390/v13030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global health problem causing acute and chronic liver disease that can lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) is essential for viral replication and the establishment of a persistent infection. Integrated HBV DNA represents another stable form of viral DNA regularly observed in the livers of infected patients. HBV DNA integration into the host genome occurs early after HBV infection. It is a common occurrence during the HBV life cycle, and it has been detected in all the phases of chronic infection. HBV DNA integration has long been considered to be the main contributor to liver tumorigenesis. The recent development of highly sensitive detection methods and research models has led to the clarification of some molecular and pathogenic aspects of HBV integration. Though HBV integration does not lead to replication-competent transcripts, it can act as a stable source of viral RNA and proteins, which may contribute in determining HBV-specific T-cell exhaustion and favoring virus persistence. The relationship between HBV DNA integration and the immune response in the liver microenvironment might be closely related to the development and progression of HBV-related diseases. While many new antiviral agents aimed at cccDNA elimination or silencing have been developed, integrated HBV DNA remains a difficult therapeutic challenge.
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Desaulniers D, Khan N, Cummings-Lorbetskie C, Leingartner K, Xiao GH, Williams A, Yauk CL. Effects of cross-fostering and developmental exposure to mixtures of environmental contaminants on hepatic gene expression in prepubertal 21 days old and adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:1-27. [PMID: 30744511 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1542360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The notion that adverse health effects produced by exposure to environmental contaminants (EC) may be modulated by the presence of non-chemical stressors is gaining attention. Previously, our lab demonstrated that cross-fostering (adoption of a litter at birth) acted as a non-chemical stressor that amplified the influence of developmental exposure to EC on the glucocorticoid stress-response in adult rats. Using liver from the same rats, the aim of the current study was to investigate whether cross-fostering might also modulate EC-induced alterations in hepatic gene expression profiles. During pregnancy and nursing, Sprague-Dawley dams were fed cookies laced with corn oil (control, C) or a chemical mixture (M) composed of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), organochlorine pesticides (OCP), and methylmercury (MeHg), at 1 mg/kg/day. This mixture simulated the contaminant profile reported in maternal human blood. At birth, some control and M treated litters were cross-fostered to form two additional groups with different biological/nursing mothers (CC and MM). The hepatic transcriptome was analyzed by DNA microarray in male offspring at postnatal days 21 and 78-86. Mixture exposure altered the expression of detoxification and energy metabolism genes in both age groups, but with different sets of genes affected at day 21 and 78-86. Cross-fostering modulated the effects of M on gene expression pattern (MM vs M), as well as expression of energy metabolism genes between control groups (CC vs C). In conclusion, while describing short and long-term effects of developmental exposure to EC on hepatic transcriptomes, these cross-fostering results further support the consideration of non-chemical stressors in EC risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Desaulniers
- a Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch , Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - N Khan
- a Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch , Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - C Cummings-Lorbetskie
- a Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch , Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - K Leingartner
- a Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch , Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - G-H Xiao
- a Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch , Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - A Williams
- a Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch , Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - C L Yauk
- a Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch , Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
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3
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Torres-Mena JE, Salazar-Villegas KN, Sánchez-Rodríguez R, López-Gabiño B, Del Pozo-Yauner L, Arellanes-Robledo J, Villa-Treviño S, Gutiérrez-Nava MA, Pérez-Carreón JI. Aldo-Keto Reductases as Early Biomarkers of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Comparison Between Animal Models and Human HCC. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:934-944. [PMID: 29383608 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-4943-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intrinsic heterogeneity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a great challenge for its molecular classification and for detecting predictive biomarkers. Aldo-keto reductase (Akr) family members have shown differential expression in human HCC, while AKR1B10 overexpression is considered a biomarker; AKR7A3 expression is frequently reduced in HCC. AIMS To investigate the time-course expression of Akr members in the experimental hepatocarcinogenesis. METHODS Using DNA-microarray data, we analyzed the time-course gene expression profile from nodules to tumors (4-17 months) of 17 Akr members induced by the resistant hepatocyte carcinogenesis model in the rat. RESULTS The expression of six members (Akr1c19, Akr1b10, Akr7a3, Akr1b1, Akr1cl1, and Akr1b8) was increased, comparable to that of Ggt and Gstp1, two well-known liver cancer markers. In particular, Akr7a3 and Akr1b10 expression also showed a time-dependent increment at mRNA and protein levels in a second hepatocarcinogenesis model induced with diethylnitrosamine. We confirmed that aldo-keto reductases 7A3 and 1B10 were co-expressed in nine biopsies of human HCC, independently from the presence of glypican-3 and cytokeratin-19, two well-known HCC biomarkers. Because it has been suggested that expression of Akr members is regulated through NRF2 activity at the antioxidant response element (ARE) sequences, we searched and identified at least two ARE sites in Akr1b1, Akr1b10, and Akr7a3 from rat and human gene sequences. Moreover, we observed higher NRF2 nuclear translocation in tumors as compared with non-tumor tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that Akr7a3 mRNA and protein levels are consistently co-expressed along with Akr1b10, in both experimental liver carcinogenesis and some human HCC samples. These results highlight the presence of AKR7A3 and AKR1B10 from early stages of the experimental HCC and introduce them as a potential application for early diagnosis, staging, and prognosis in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Esperanza Torres-Mena
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur No. 4809, Col. Arenal Tepepan, Delegación Tlalpan, C.P. 14610, Mexico, CDMX, Mexico.,Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Karla Noemí Salazar-Villegas
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur No. 4809, Col. Arenal Tepepan, Delegación Tlalpan, C.P. 14610, Mexico, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur No. 4809, Col. Arenal Tepepan, Delegación Tlalpan, C.P. 14610, Mexico, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Belém López-Gabiño
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur No. 4809, Col. Arenal Tepepan, Delegación Tlalpan, C.P. 14610, Mexico, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Luis Del Pozo-Yauner
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur No. 4809, Col. Arenal Tepepan, Delegación Tlalpan, C.P. 14610, Mexico, CDMX, Mexico
| | | | - Saúl Villa-Treviño
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico, Mexico
| | - María Angélica Gutiérrez-Nava
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Julio Isael Pérez-Carreón
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur No. 4809, Col. Arenal Tepepan, Delegación Tlalpan, C.P. 14610, Mexico, CDMX, Mexico.
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Velasco-Loyden G, Pérez-Martínez L, Vidrio-Gómez S, Pérez-Carreón JI, Chagoya de Sánchez V. Cancer chemoprevention by an adenosine derivative in a model of cirrhosis-hepatocellular carcinoma induced by diethylnitrosamine in rats. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317691190. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317691190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common cancers, and approximately 80% develop from cirrhotic livers. We have previously shown that the aspartate salt of adenosine prevents and reverses carbon tetrachloride–induced liver fibrosis in rats. Considering the hepatoprotective role of this adenosine derivative in fibrogenesis, we were interested in evaluating its effect in a hepatocarcinogenesis model induced by diethylnitrosamine in rats, where multinodular cancer is preceded by cirrhosis. Rats were injected with diethylnitrosamine for 12 weeks to induce cirrhosis and for 16 weeks to induce hepatocarcinogenesis. Groups of rats were treated with aspartate salt of adenosine from the beginning of carcinogen administration for 12 or 18 weeks total, and another group received the compound from weeks 12 to 18. Fibrogenesis was estimated and the proportion of preneoplastic nodules and tumors was measured. The apoptotic and proliferation rates in liver tissues were evaluated, as well as the expression of cell signaling and cell cycle proteins participating in hepatocarcinogenesis. The adenosine derivative treatment reduced diethylnitrosamine-induced collagen expression and decreased the proportion of nodules positive for the tumor marker γ-glutamyl transferase. This compound down-regulated the expression of thymidylate synthase and hepatocyte growth factor, and augmented the protein level of the cell cycle inhibitor p27; these effects could be part of its chemopreventive mechanism. These findings suggest a hepatoprotective role of aspartate salt of adenosine that could be used as a therapeutic compound in the prevention of liver tumorigenesis as described earlier for hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Velasco-Loyden
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular (IFC), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México
| | - Lidia Pérez-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular (IFC), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México
| | - Susana Vidrio-Gómez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular (IFC), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México
| | - Julio Isael Pérez-Carreón
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Estructura de Proteínas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), México City, México
| | - Victoria Chagoya de Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular (IFC), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México
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Maeda H, Okamoto K, Namikawa T, Tsuda M, Uemura S, Shiga M, Hanazaki K, Kobayashi M. Re-evaluation of hepatocyte replacement by recipient-derived cells after allogenic liver transplantation: Discrepancy between clinical observations and a rat model. Hepatol Res 2016; 46:1037-44. [PMID: 26726847 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Reports suggest that hepatocyte replacement by recipient-derived cells is an active phenomenon after allogenic liver transplantation in rats. However, this phenomenon is rarely observed in humans, and further evaluation is necessary to bridge the gap between clinical practice and animal experiment. METHODS Fifty percent volume of the liver from green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic Lewis rats were transplanted into wild-type Dark Agouti (DA) rats, in which GFP negative hepatocytes were considered as host (DA rat)-derived cells. The transplanted liver was observed on whole imaging system and fluorescent microscope 7-10 days after transplantation. As a different method from previous reports, hepatocytes isolated from transplanted livers were cultured, and the expression of GFP was examined. RESULTS The sliced liver (2 mm) after allogenic transplantation demonstrated decreased intensity of GFP signals compared with the positive control. The hematoxylin-eosin staining of the section revealed abundant infiltration of inflammatory cells, suggesting an immunological rejection reaction. Large polygonal cells with significantly decreased or negative GFP signals were also demonstrated, which was consistent with the results of previous studies. However, cell culturing demonstrated that none of the examined albumin positive large polygonal cells were host-derived cells. The same results were obtained irrespective of reconstruction of hepatic artery. CONCLUSION Our result implies that rejection reaction does not promote parenchymal replacement by recipient-derived cells, in contrast to previous reports. If so, the phenomena occurring in rats are consistent with clinical observation of liver transplantation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Maeda
- Cancer Treatment Center, Kochi Medical School Hospital, Nankoko, Japan
| | - Ken Okamoto
- Cancer Treatment Center, Kochi Medical School Hospital, Nankoko, Japan.,Department of Human Health and Medical Sciences, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoko, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Namikawa
- Department of Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoko, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tsuda
- Institute of Animal Laboratory Research, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoko, Japan
| | - Sunao Uemura
- Department of Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoko, Japan
| | - Mai Shiga
- Department of Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoko, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hanazaki
- Department of Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoko, Japan
| | - Michiya Kobayashi
- Cancer Treatment Center, Kochi Medical School Hospital, Nankoko, Japan.,Department of Human Health and Medical Sciences, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoko, Japan
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Kogure T, Kondo Y, Kakazu E, Ninomiya M, Kimura O, Shimosegawa T. Involvement of miRNA-29a in epigenetic regulation of transforming growth factor-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res 2014; 44:907-19. [PMID: 23789939 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial process during cancer invasion and metastasis, which is accompanied by the suppressed expression of E-cadherin initiated by stimuli such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. Recent studies have shown that the epigenetic regulation of E-cadherin could be an alternate mechanism of EMT induction in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). miRNA-29a (miR-29a) is involved in the epigenetic regulation of genes by targeting DNA methyltransferases (DNMT), which methylate CpG islands to suppress the transcription of genes. We studied the involvement of miR-29a in TGF-β-induced EMT in HCC cells. METHODS We treated human HCC cell lines with TGF-β to induce EMT. To investigate DNA methylation in EMT, cells were treated with a methylation inhibitor, 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza) and methylation status of CpG islands in the E-cadherin promoter was examined using methylation-specific PCR. Precursor miR-29a (pre-miR-29a) was electroporated to force the expression of miR-29a in HCC cells in order to study the role of miR-29a in EMT. RESULTS TGF-β transformed HCC cells into a spindle-shaped morphology accompanied by a decrease of E-cadherin with the induction of methylation of its promoter. Pretreatment of the cells with 5-Aza blocked this suppression of E-cadherin, indicating the involvement of DNA methylation. TGF-β increased DNMT3B and DNMT1 and decreased miR-29a expression. The forced expression of miR-29a abrogated the suppression of E-cadherin induced by TGF-β. CONCLUSION miR-29a could regulate TGF-β-induced EMT by affecting DNA methylation via the suppression of DNMT. These observations reveal the epigenetic regulation of genes by miRNA as a unique mechanism of EMT in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Kogure
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Liu L, Dong Z, Liang J, Cao C, Sun J, Ding Y, Wu D. As an independent prognostic factor, FAT10 promotes hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma progression via Akt/GSK3β pathway. Oncogene 2013; 33:909-20. [PMID: 23812429 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
FAT10 is an oncogene that is localized at 6q21.3, a region frequently amplified in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, growing attention has been paid to its effect in the initiation of various cancers. However, there has been little research into the influence of FAT10 on the progression and prognosis of HCC, especially in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC. Here, we aimed at investigating clincopathological significance of FAT10 in HBV-related HCC and its underlying mechanisms. Based on the analysis of FAT10 expression in a reliable and large number of cases with 5-year follow-up, we showed that FAT10 was significantly increased in 260 samples from HBV-related HCC patients, compared with 30 normal tissue, 50 cirrhosis and matched adjacent nontumor tissues. FAT10 expression is correlated with recurrence and poor prognosis in HBV-related HCC. In addition, ectopic expression of FAT10 enhanced cell proliferation, inhibited apoptosis and induced cell cycle progression, whereas silencing FAT10 expression suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. FAT10 also induced the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promoted invasion of HCC cells. Furthermore, we found Akt/GSK3β pathway contributed to the effects of FAT10 in HCC cells. Blocking the Akt pathway significantly inhibited the actions of FAT10. Taken together, the ubiquitin-like protein FAT10 has a central role in regulating diverse aspects of the pathogenesis of HCC, indicating that it might be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - C Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Ding
- 1] Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China [2] Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - D Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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French SW, Vitocruz E, French BA. Balloon liver cells forming Mallory-Denk-bodies are progenitor cells. Exp Mol Pathol 2013; 95:117-20. [PMID: 23773849 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies on both human and mice livers showed MDB formation in both drug hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Using the drug hepatitis mouse model of MDB formation, numerous markers for progenitor cells were found in the cells forming MDBs. In current study, using the drug hepatitis mouse model, we found that the MDB forming cells expressed two additional progenitor cell markers. These markers were CD49f and TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W French
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA.
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Aguiar e Silva MA, Vechetti-Junior IJ, Nascimento AFD, Furtado KS, Azevedo L, Ribeiro DA, Barbisan LF. Effects of swim training on liver carcinogenesis in male Wistar rats fed a low-fat or high-fat diet. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2012; 37:1101-9. [DOI: 10.1139/h2012-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of swim training on the promotion–progression stages of rat liver carcinogenesis. Male Wistar rats were submitted to chemically induced liver carcinogenesis and allocated into 4 major groups, according their dietary regimen (16 weeks) and swim training of 5 days per week (8 weeks): 2 groups were fed low-fat diet (LFD, 6% fat) and trained or not trained and 2 groups were fed high-fat diet (HFD, 21% fat) and trained or not trained. At week 20, the animals were killed and liver samples were processed for histological analyses; immunohistochemical detection of persistent or remodeling preneoplastic lesions (pPNL and rPNL) expressing placental glutathione S-transferase (GST-P) enzyme; or proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cleaved caspase-3, and bcl-2 protein levels by Western blotting or malonaldehyde (MDA) and total glutathione detection by HPLC. Overall analysis indicated that swim training reduced the body weight and body fat in both LFD and HFD groups, normalized total cholesterol levels in the HFD group while decreased the MDA levels, increased glutathione levels and both number of GST-P-positive pPNL and hepatocellular adenomas in LFD group. Also, a favorable balance in PCNA, cleaved caspase-3, and bcl-2 levels was detected in the liver from the LFD-trained group in relation to LFD-untrained group. The findings of this study indicate that the swim training protocol as a result of exercise postconditioning may attenuate liver carcinogenesis under an adequate dietary regimen with lowered fat intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Aurélio Aguiar e Silva
- Post-Graduation Program in General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivan José Vechetti-Junior
- Post-Graduation Program in General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-970, SP, Brazil
| | - André Ferreira do Nascimento
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, UNESP, Sao Paulo State University, 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Kelly Silva Furtado
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, UNESP, Sao Paulo State University, 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Azevedo
- Faculty of Nutrition, UNIFAL, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, UNIFESP, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 11060-001, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Barbisan
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Sao Paulo State University, 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Koturbash I, Melnyk S, James SJ, Beland FA, Pogribny IP. Role of epigenetic and miR-22 and miR-29b alterations in the downregulation of Mat1a and Mthfr genes in early preneoplastic livers in rats induced by 2-acetylaminofluorene. Mol Carcinog 2011; 52:318-27. [PMID: 22213190 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is a multistep sequential process of clonal expansion of initiated cells associated with the accumulation of multiple cancer-specific heritable phenotypes. The acquisition of these heritable cancer-specific alterations may be triggered by mutational and/or non-mutational changes in the genome that affect the regulation of gene expression. Currently, cancer-specific epigenetically mediated changes in gene expression are regarded as driving events in tumorigenesis. In the present study, we investigated the role of gene-specific expression changes in the mechanism of rat hepatocarcinogenesis induced by the complete hepatocarcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF). The results of the present study demonstrate significant alterations in gene expression, especially of Mat1a and Mthfr genes, during early stages of rat 2-AAF-induced liver carcinogenesis. Both of these genes were downregulated in the livers of 2-AAF-treated male rats. Inhibition of Mat1a expression was associated with an increase in histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation and a decrease in histone H3 lysine 18 acetylation at the gene promoter/first exon region. Additionally, we demonstrate for the first time a critical contribution of miR-22 and miR-29b microRNAs in the inhibition of Mat1a and Mthfr gene expression during 2-AAF-induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis. The downregulation of Mat1a and Mthfr genes was accompanied by marked functional alterations in one-carbon metabolism. The results of the present study suggest that downregulation of the Mat1a and Mthfr genes may be one of the main driver events that promote liver carcinogenesis by causing a profound accumulation of subsequent epigenetic abnormalities during progression of the carcinogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Koturbash
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
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11
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The role of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of preneoplasia in drug-induced chronic hepatitis based on a mouse model. Exp Mol Pathol 2011; 91:653-9. [PMID: 21820428 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity factors such as conversion of the 26S proteasome to form the immunoproteasome and the Toll-like receptor signaling pathways are activated in chronic hepatitis induced by the carcinogenic drug DDC. Over time, preneoplastic hepatocyte phenotypes appear in the liver parenchyma. These changed hepatocytes expand in number because they have a growth advantage over normal hepatocytes when responding to chronic liver injury. The changed hepatocytes can be identified using immunofluorescent antibodies to preneoplastic cells e.g. FAT10/UbD, A2 macroglobulin, glutathione transpeptidase, alpha fetoprotein, glycipan 3, FAS, and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase. The formation of the preneoplastic cells occurs concomitant with activation of the Toll-like receptor signaling pathways and the transformation of the 26S proteasome to form the immunoproteasome. This transformation is in response to interferon stimulating response element on the promoter of the FAT10/UbD gene. NFκB, Erk, p38 and Jnk are also up regulated. Specific inhibitors block these responses in vitro in a mouse tumor cell line exposed to interferon gamma. Mallory-Denk bodies form in these preneoplastic cells, because of the depletion of the 26S proteasome due to formation of the immunoproteasome. Thus, MDB forming cells are also markers of the preneoplastic hepatocytes. The UbD positive preneoplastic cells regress when the liver injury induced chronic hepatitis subsides. When the drug DDC is refed to mice and chronic hepatitis is activated, the preneoplastic cell population expands and Mallory-Denk bodies rapidly reform. This response is remembered by the preneoplastic cells for at least four months indicating that an epigenetic cellular memory has formed in the preneoplastic cells. This proliferative response is prevented by feeding methyl donors such as S-adenosylmethionine or betaine. Drug feeding reduces the methylation of H(3) K4, 9, and 27 and this response is prevented by feeding the methyl donors. After 8 to 15months of drug withdrawal in mice the preneoplastic liver cells persist as single or small clusters of cells in the liver lobules. Multiple liver tumors form, some of which are hepatocellular carcinomas. The tumors immunostain positively for the same preneoplastic markers as the preneoplastic cells. Similar cells are identified in human cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma indicating the relevance of the drug model described here to the preneoplastic changes associated with human chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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