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Ji H, Li K, Xu W, Li R, Xie S, Zhu X. Prediction of the Mechanisms by Which Quercetin Enhances Cisplatin Action in Cervical Cancer: A Network Pharmacology Study and Experimental Validation. Front Oncol 2022; 11:780387. [PMID: 35070983 PMCID: PMC8770278 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.780387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Yimucao has been used as an herbal medicine to treat gynecological diseases. Common genes of Yimucao active compounds were investigated using network pharmacology. The components and targets of Yimucao were retrieved from the TCMSP database. Cervical cancer targets were collected from GeneCards, TTD, DisGeNET, and KEGG. Cisplatin-related genes were downloaded from GeneWeaver. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was created using the STRING database. A drug-bioactive compound-disease-target network was constructed using Cytoscape. GO and KEGG analyses were performed to investigate common targets of quercetin and cisplatin in cervical cancer. We found that quercetin was the highly bioactive compound in Yimucao. The drug-bioactive compound-disease-target network contained 93 nodes and 261 edges. Drug-related key targets were identified, including EGFR, IL6, CASP3, VEGFA, MYC, CCND1, ERBB2, FOS, PPARG, and CASP8. Core targets were primarily related to the response to metal ions, cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus, and transcription factor complex. The KEGG pathway analysis revealed that quercetin and cisplatin may affect cervical cancer through platinum drug resistance and the p53 and HIF-1 pathways. Furthermore, quercetin combined with cisplatin downregulated the expression of EGFR, MYC, CCND1, and ERBB2 proteins and upregulated CASP8 expression in HeLa and SiHa cells. Functionally, quercetin enhanced cisplatin-induced anticancer activity in cervical cancer cells. Our results indicate that quercetin can be used to overcome cisplatin resistance in cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Ji
- Center of Uterine Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kehan Li
- Center of Uterine Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Xu
- Center of Uterine Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ruyi Li
- Center of Uterine Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shangdan Xie
- Center of Uterine Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Center of Uterine Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Valle‑Mendiola A, Bustos‑Rodríguez R, Domínguez‑Melendez V, Zerecero‑Carreón O, Gutiérrez‑Hoya A, Weiss‑Steider B, Soto‑cruz I. Mutations in the helix αC of the catalytic domain from the EGFR affect its activity in cervical cancer cell lines. Oncol Lett 2022; 23:71. [PMID: 35069880 PMCID: PMC8756430 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The EGFR is a protein that belongs to the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase receptors. The EGFR is often overexpressed in human carcinomas. Amplification of the EGFR gene and mutations in the EGFR tyrosine kinase domain occur in patients with cancer. In cervical cancer, the expression level of the EGFR protein appears to directly associate with human papillomavirus infection. Our previous research demonstrated that in the cervical cancer cell lines, CALO and INBL, the EGFR is non-phosphorylated. The aim of the current study was to analyze the catalytic activity of the isolated EGFR and the presence of mutations in the control region αC. Catalytic activity was assessed by a universal in vitro kinase assay using polyGluTyr as a substrate, and the proteins were visualized by western blotting. For mutation analysis, DNA from CALO and INBL cell lines was isolated, and PCR was used to amplify the exons corresponding to the helix αC in the EGFR. The PCR products were visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis. The bands were isolated using a Zymoclean Gel DNA Recovery kit and directly sequenced. The EGFR, which was isolated and analyzed using the in vitro kinase assay, had catalytic activity. The receptor contained some mutations in the helix αC of the catalytic domain in both cell lines. The observed changes in the amino acid sequence may induce a different spatial arrangement and, therefore, a different conformation, which may confer different activities to this receptor. Thus, it was concluded that non-phosphorylated EGFR has catalytic activity, and it bears some amino acid changes in the helix αC of the catalytic domain in the CALO and INBL cells. These results suggest that the EGFR may function as an activator of other ErbB family receptors in these cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Valle‑Mendiola
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Cell Differentiation and Cancer Research Unit, UMIEZ Campus II, FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09230, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Bustos‑Rodríguez
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Cell Differentiation and Cancer Research Unit, UMIEZ Campus II, FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09230, Mexico
| | | | - Octavio Zerecero‑Carreón
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Cell Differentiation and Cancer Research Unit, UMIEZ Campus II, FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09230, Mexico
| | - Adriana Gutiérrez‑Hoya
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Cell Differentiation and Cancer Research Unit, UMIEZ Campus II, FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09230, Mexico
| | - Benny Weiss‑Steider
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Cell Differentiation and Cancer Research Unit, UMIEZ Campus II, FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09230, Mexico
| | - Isabel Soto‑cruz
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Cell Differentiation and Cancer Research Unit, UMIEZ Campus II, FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09230, Mexico
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Lin PH, Tseng CL, Cheng YC, Ho CH, Chen SC, Wang Y, Liu E, Issafras H, Jiang W. Distinguishing features of a novel humanized anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody based on cetuximab with superior antitumor efficacy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2021; 21:1491-1507. [PMID: 34632911 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1988072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cetuximab, the first approved EGFR targeting therapeutic antibody, is currently used to treat colorectal cancer and head and neck cancer. While effective, cetuximab is associated with a higher rate of skin rash, infusion reactions, and gastrointestinal toxicity, which was suggested to be linked to the presence of heterogeneous glycan contents on the Fab of the SP2/0-produced cetuximab. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS To improve efficacy and minimize toxicity of EGFR inhibition treatment, we re-engineered cetuximab by humanizing its Fab regions and minimizing its glycan contents to generate HLX07. RESULTS HLX07 binds to EGFR with similar affinity as cetuximab and shows better bioactivity compared to cetuximab in vitro. In vivo studies demonstrated that HLX07 significantly inhibited the growth of A431, FaDu, NCI-H292, and WiDr tumor cells and synergized them with chemotherapeutics and immune simulator agents such as anti-PD-1. In cynomolgus monkeys, 13-week repeat-dose GLP toxicokinetic studies showed minimal-to-mild toxicities in the dose range of up to 60 mg/kg/wk. In the preliminary phase 1 dose-escalation study, HLX07 had showed lower incidence of skin rashes with grade >2 severities. CONCLUSION HLX07 is currently under phase 1/2 clinical development. We believe HLX07 would potentially be an alternative for patients who have been suffering from cetuximab-mediated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hua Lin
- Department of Lead Discovery, Hengenix Biotech, Inc, Milpitas, CA, USA
| | - Chi-Ling Tseng
- Department of Research and Development, Henlix Biotech, Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan. Current Company: HanchorBio Co., Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chih Cheng
- Department of Research and Development, Henlix Biotech, Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan. Current Company: HanchorBio Co., Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Hsin Ho
- Department of Research and Development, Henlix Biotech, Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan. Current Company: HanchorBio Co., Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih Chieh Chen
- Department of Protein Purification & Analytical, Henlix, Inc. Fremont, CA, USA. Currently Company: Anwita Biosciences, Inc, San Carlos, CA, USA
| | - Yanling Wang
- Department of Protein Expression, Hengenix Biotech, Inc, Milpitas, CA, USA
| | - Eugene Liu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hassan Issafras
- Department of Lead Discovery, Hengenix Biotech, Inc, Milpitas, CA, USA
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Itkin B, Garcia A, Straminsky S, Adelchanow ED, Pereyra M, Haab GA, Bardach A. Prevalence of HER2 overexpression and amplification in cervical cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257976. [PMID: 34591928 PMCID: PMC8483403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The reported rates of HER2 positivity in cervical cancer (CC) range from 0% to 87%. The importance of HER2 as an actionable target in CC would depend on HER2 positivity prevalence. Our aim was to provide precise estimates of HER2 overexpression and amplification in CC, globally and by relevant subgroups. We conducted a PRISMA compliant meta-analytic systematic review. We searched Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane database, and grey literature for articles reporting the proportion of HER2 positivity in CC. Studies assessing HER2 status by immunohistochemistry or in situ hybridization in invasive disease were eligible. We performed descriptive analyses of all 65 included studies. Out of these, we selected 26 studies that used standardized American Society of Clinical Oncology / College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) Guidelines compliant methodology. We conducted several meta-analyses of proportions to estimate the pooled prevalence of HER2 positivity and subgroup analyses using geographic region, histology, tumor stage, primary antibody brand, study size, and publication year as moderators. The estimated pooled prevalence of HER2 overexpression was 5.7% (CI 95%: 1.5% to 11.7%) I2 = 87% in ASCO/CAP compliant studies and 27.0%, (CI 95%: 19.9% to 34.8%) I2 = 96% in ASCO/CAP non-compliant ones, p < 0.001. The estimated pooled prevalence of HER2 amplification was 1.2% (CI 95%: 0.0% to 5.8%) I2 = 0% and 24.9% (CI 95%: 12.6% to 39.6%) I2 = 86%, respectively, p = 0.004. No other factor was significantly associated with HER2 positivity rates. Our results suggest that a small, but still meaningful proportion of CC is expected to be HER2-positive. High heterogeneity was the main limitation of the study. Variations in previously reported HER2 positivity rates are mainly related to methodological issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Itkin
- Department of Oncology, Juan A Fernández Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustin Garcia
- Department of Oncology, María Curie Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Samanta Straminsky
- Department of Oncology, Juan A Fernández Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Matias Pereyra
- Department of Pathology, Juan A Fernández Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Ariel Bardach
- Center for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS)—National Scientific and Technical Research Council—Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Blake EA, Ross MS, Ross ME, Matsuo K, Silverstein ET, Torno LR, Bhargava R, Post MD, Da Silva DM, Taylor S, Walia S, Roman L, McEachron TA. Immunohistochemical analysis of glassy cell carcinoma of the cervix reveals robust lymphocyte infiltrate and the expression of targetable inhibitory immune checkpoints. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2021; 305:439-447. [PMID: 34392396 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-021-06164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate our previous findings of high-level EGFR expression in GCCC using an expanded cohort of specimens and to further examine the molecular and cellular features of this aggressive malignancy to identify potentially actionable therapeutic targets. METHODS The SEER database was queried to obtain the epidemiological data regarding the current national survival trends for GCCC. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to examine the expression of EGFR, PD-1, and PD-L1. CiberSort analysis was used to analyze a previously published RNA-sequencing dataset obtained from a single patient diagnosed with GCCC. RESULTS In comparison to squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinoma/adenosquamous carcinomas, GCCC was observed in younger patients (p < 0.001) and demonstrated inferior survival (p < 0.001). All (100%) of the specimens (8/8) exhibited immunoreactivity when stained for CD3ε (T-cell marker), EGFR, PD-1, and PD-L1 whereas CTLA4 expression was not detected. Analysis of RNA-sequencing data revealed that cetuximab and erlotinib altered the chemokine profile, lymphocyte abundance, and expression of inhibitory immune checkpoints in a single patient when combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy in a single patient. CONCLUSIONS The data from this descriptive study suggests that immune checkpoint blockade, whether single agent or in combination, may be a suitable therapeutic option for a disease for which targeted approaches do not currently exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A Blake
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Southern California, 2020 Zonal Ave., Room 522, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Malcolm S Ross
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Megan E Ross
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Koji Matsuo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emily T Silverstein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lilibeth R Torno
- Hyundai Cancer Genomics Center, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Rohit Bhargava
- Division of Pathology, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Miriam D Post
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Diane M Da Silva
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Sarah Taylor
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Saloni Walia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lynda Roman
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Troy A McEachron
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Adiga D, Eswaran S, Pandey D, Sharan K, Kabekkodu SP. Molecular landscape of recurrent cervical cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 157:103178. [PMID: 33279812 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is a major gynecological problem in developing and underdeveloped countries. Despite the significant advancement in early detection and treatment modalities, several patients recur. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms responsible for CC recurrence remains obscure. The patients with CC recurrence often show poor prognosis and significantly high mortality rates. The clinical management of recurrent CC depends on treatment history, site, and extent of the recurrence. Owing to poor prognosis and limited treatment options, recurrent CC often presents a challenge to the clinicians. Several in vitro, in vivo, and patient studies have led to the identification of the critical molecular changes responsible for CC recurrence. Both aberrant genetic and epigenetic modifications leading to altered cell signaling pathways have been reported to impact CC recurrence. Researchers are currently trying to dissect the molecular pathways in CC and translate these findings for better management of disease. This article attempts to review the existing knowledge of disease relapse, accompanying challenges, and associated molecular players in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Adiga
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Sangavi Eswaran
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Deeksha Pandey
- Department of OBGYN, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Wang Q, Qin Q, Song R, Zhao C, Liu H, Yang Y, Gu S, Zhou D, He J. NHERF1 inhibits beta-catenin-mediated proliferation of cervical cancer cells through suppression of alpha-actinin-4 expression. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:668. [PMID: 29867145 PMCID: PMC5986762 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0711-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most lethal types of cancer in female. Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has been found to be involved in cervical cancer development and progression, whereas the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. The present study showed that NHERF1 was a novel gene associated with both cell proliferation and Wnt signaling pathway in cervical cancer by analysis of differential gene expression and gene cluster for the cervical cancer specimens from GEO data sets. It was further demonstrated in cellular study that NHERF1 inhibition of cervical cancer cell proliferation through Wnt/β-catenin signaling was dependent on α-actinin-4 (ACTN4) expression. A negative association between NHERF1 expression and levels of ACTN4 and β-catenin was found in mouse xenograft model and cervical cancer specimens. Low levels of NHERF1 in cervical cancer specimens were found to associate with activation of cell proliferation and Wnt/β-catenin signaling by gene set enrichment analysis, and also were an independent predictive factor for worse prognosis of cervical cancer patients by Cox regression analysis. These findings demonstrate that NHERF1 inhibits Wnt signaling-mediated proliferation of cervical cancer via suppression of ACTN4, and NHERF1 downregulation may contribute to the progression of cervical cancer. These findings may also shed some lights for understanding the underlying mechanisms of cisplatin resistance and worse prognosis of HPV-inactive cervical cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Qin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Beijing, China
| | - Chunjuan Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Core Facilities Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Deshan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Beijing, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junqi He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Beijing, China.
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Bajpai S, Awasthi S, Dutta S, Mittal A, Kumar A, Ahmad F. Role of HER-2/neu in Premalignant and Malignant Lesions of Uterine Cervix. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:EC01-EC04. [PMID: 29207712 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/26583.10547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction In light of literature and controversy that exists in various cervical lesions, this prospective study was designed to explore the expression of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (HER-2/neu) in the cervical lesions and its correlation with the histopathological grade and type of tumour. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to evaluate HER-2/neu expression as it is the most reliable method of detecting overexpression of HER-2/neu. Aim To assess the role of HER-2/neu expression in premalignant and malignant lesions of uterine cervix. Materials and Methods Seventy cases of premalignant and malignant cervical lesions received in our department from January 2015 to December 2016, were included in study and Polyclonal Rabbit Anti-Human c-erbB-2 oncoprotein from DAKO was used. Standard streptovidin-biotin peroxidase method of IHC was followed. A golden brown membrane and cytoplasmic staining was taken as a positive reaction and intensity of expression was graded according to the 2014 ASCO/CAP guidelines for HER-2/neu reporting. Results Out of total 70 cases, HER-2/neu expression scores were 0 in 64.3% {23 cases of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) and 22 of Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)}, +1 in 22.9%, (04 cases of CIN and 12 of SCC) +2 in 10% (06 cases of SCC and 01 of adenosquamous carcinoma) and +3 in 2.9% (02 cases of adenocarcinoma) cases. HER-2/neu overexpression rate was significantly higher in malignant (48.8%) as compared to pre malignant (14.8%) cases (p=0.004) and expression scores were higher (+2 and +3) in 20.9% of malignant cases as compared to none of pre malignant cases (p=0.020). Significant higher HER-2/neu scores are seen (+2 and +3) in all the adenocarcinoma cases as compared to 15% cases of SCC (p<0.001). Among malignant cases, HER-2/neu expression was statistically significantly higher in {Moderately Differentiated (MD) + Poorly Differentiated (PD)} 59.09% as compared to {Well Differentiated (WD)} 38.09% cases (p=0.090). Conclusion Study shows that expression of HER-2/neu is relatively lower in cervical lesions. However, the results of our study show that with shift from well to poorly differentiated lesions; the HER-2/neu expression rate shows an incremental trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swasti Bajpai
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pathology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Center, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Seema Awasthi
- Professor, Department of Pathology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Center, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shyamoli Dutta
- Professor and Head, Department of Pathology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Center, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankita Mittal
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Center, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Center, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Faiyaz Ahmad
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Center, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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9
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Kern L, Spreckels J, Nist A, Stiewe T, Skevaki C, Greene B, Mernberger M, Elsässer HP. Altered glycogen metabolism causes hepatomegaly following an Atg7 deletion. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 366:651-665. [PMID: 27553638 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation process involved in the turnover of organelles or other cell constituents, in providing sources for energy production under starving conditions and in cell metabolism. A key protein in the macroautophagic machinery is the autophagy-related protein (Atg) 7. Constitutive deletion of Atg7 is lethal at birth. A conditional deletion of Atg7 in hepatocytes leads to hepatomegaly and in aged animals to liver tumors. With this study, we aim at analyzing the hepatomegaly development in more detail. The 3- to 4-fold enlargement of the liver takes place between days 25 and 35 after birth (P25-P35) and persists at least until P90. This is accompanied by a change in the expression of enzymes involved in the glycogen/glucose metabolism. While glycogen synthesis is inhibited, glucose is preferentially kept as glucose-6-phosphate inside the cells, inducing a swelling of the cells caused by hyperosmolarity. An increase of lipogenic enzymes suggests that glucose-6-phosphate is delivered to lipogenic pathways, which is supported by the occurrence of a steatosis around P30. The development of hepatomegaly is accompanied by a polyploidisation of hepatocytes, an enhanced expression of genes related to inflammatory processes and an infiltration of macrophages and granulocytes. Our data provide evidence that the attenuation of macroautophagy in hepatocytes leads to a glucose retention that causes cell swelling. The resulting hepatomegaly, which develops in a time interval of about 10 days, perturbs liver perfusion and induces an inflammatory reaction together with polyploidisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Kern
- Department of Cytobiology and Cytopathobiology, Philipps University, 35033, Marburg, Germany
| | - Johanne Spreckels
- Department of Cytobiology and Cytopathobiology, Philipps University, 35033, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Nist
- Genomics Unit, Philipps University, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Genomics Unit, Philipps University, 35043, Marburg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps University, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Chrysanthi Skevaki
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Pathobiochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Brandon Greene
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, Philipps University, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marco Mernberger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps University, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Elsässer
- Department of Cytobiology and Cytopathobiology, Philipps University, 35033, Marburg, Germany.
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Kurmyshkina OV, Belova LL, Kovchur PI, Volkova TO. [Remodeling of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in cervical cancer development]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2015; 61:579-97. [PMID: 26539865 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20156105579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ability to stimulate angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis is recognized as an inherent feature of cancer cells providing necessary conditions for their growth and dissemination. "Angiogenic switch" is one of the earliest consequences of malignant transformation that encompasses a great number of genes and triggers a complex set of signaling cascades in endothelial cells. The processes of tumor microvasculature development are closely connected to the steps of carcinogenesis (from benign lesions to invasive forms) and occur through multiple deviations from the norm. Analysis of expression of proangiogenic factors at successive steps of cervical cancer development (intraepithelial neoplasia, cancer in situ, microinvasive, and invasive cancer) enables to reconstruct the regulatory mechanisms of (lymph-)angiogenesis and to discriminate the most important components. This review presents detailed analysis of literature data on expression of the key regulators of angiogenesis in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. Their possible involvement in molecular mechanisms of neoplastic transformation of epithelial cells, as well as invasion and tumor metastasis is discussed. Correlation between expression of proangiogenic molecular factors and various clinicopathological parameters is considered, the potential of their use in molecular diagnostics and targeted therapy of cervical cancer is reviewed. Particular attention is paid to relatively poorly studied regulators of lymphangiogenesis and "non-VEGF dependent", or alternative, angiogenic pathways that constitute the prospect of future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Kurmyshkina
- Institute of High-Tech Biomedicine, Petrozavodsk State University, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - L L Belova
- Institute of High-Tech Biomedicine, Petrozavodsk State University, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - P I Kovchur
- Institute of High-Tech Biomedicine, Petrozavodsk State University, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - T O Volkova
- Institute of High-Tech Biomedicine, Petrozavodsk State University, Petrozavodsk, Russia
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Cecchetti S, Bortolomai I, Ferri R, Mercurio L, Canevari S, Podo F, Miotti S, Iorio E. Inhibition of Phosphatidylcholine-Specific Phospholipase C Interferes with Proliferation and Survival of Tumor Initiating Cells in Squamous Cell Carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136120. [PMID: 26402860 PMCID: PMC4581859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The role of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC), the enzyme involved in cell differentiation and proliferation, has not yet been explored in tumor initiating cells (TICs). We investigated PC-PLC expression and effects of PC-PLC inhibition in two adherent (AD) squamous carcinoma cell lines (A431 and CaSki), with different proliferative and stemness potential, and in TIC-enriched floating spheres (SPH) originated from them. Results Compared with immortalized non-tumoral keratinocytes (HaCaT) A431-AD cells showed 2.5-fold higher PC-PLC activity, nuclear localization of a 66-kDa PC-PLC isoform, but a similar distribution of the enzyme on plasma membrane and in cytoplasmic compartments. Compared with A431-AD, A431-SPH cells showed about 2.8-fold lower PC-PLC protein and activity levels, but similar nuclear content. Exposure of adherent cells to the PC-PLC inhibitor D609 (48h) induced a 50% reduction of cell proliferation at doses comprised between 33 and 50 μg/ml, without inducing any relevant cytotoxic effect (cell viability 95±5%). In A431-SPH and CaSki-SPH D609 induced both cytostatic and cytotoxic effects at about 20 to 30-fold lower doses (IC50 ranging between 1.2 and 1.6 μg/ml). Furthermore, D609 treatment of A431-AD and CaSki-AD cells affected the sphere-forming efficiency, which dropped in both cells, and induced down-modulation of stem-related markers mRNA levels (Oct4, Nestin, Nanog and ALDH1 in A431; Nestin and ALDH1 in CaSki cells). Conclusions These data suggest that the inhibition of PC-PLC activity may represent a new therapeutic approach to selectively target the most aggressive and tumor promoting sub-population of floating spheres originated from squamous cancer cells possessing different proliferative and stemness potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Cecchetti
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Ileana Bortolomai
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Renata Ferri
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Mercurio
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvana Canevari
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail: (FP); (SC)
| | - Franca Podo
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (FP); (SC)
| | - Silvia Miotti
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Egidio Iorio
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Narayanan N, Karunakaran V, Paul W, Venugopal K, Sujathan K, Kumar Maiti K. Aggregation induced Raman scattering of squaraine dye: Implementation in diagnosis of cervical cancer dysplasia by SERS imaging. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 70:145-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Omar N, Yan B, Salto-Tellez M. HER2: An emerging biomarker in non-breast and non-gastric cancers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathog.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Shang H, Wang T, Shang F, Huang KM, Li YQ. A germline mutation in the miR‑125a coding region reduces miR‑125a expression and is associated with human gastric cancer. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:1839-44. [PMID: 25109760 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that inhibit the expression of target protein-coding genes, most often at the post-transcriptional level. miRNAs are often found to be misregulated in human cancer and they can act as potent oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. In this study, we found that a germline mutation in the miR-125a coding region is associated with human gastric cancer. This mutation reduced the expression of mature miR-125a and alleviated its inhibitory effect on erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2 (ERBB2) gene expression and on gastric tumor cell proliferation. Thus, the data of this study suggested that this germline mutation in pri‑miR-125a likely contributes to the genetic predisposition to gastric cancer by reducing the production of miR-125a, thereby interfering with the expression of miR-125a target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Shang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shangdong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Linzi District People's Hospital 255400, P.R. China
| | - Feng Shang
- The 94th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330002, P.R. China
| | - Kun-Ming Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, Shandong 255036, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Qing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shangdong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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