1
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Crespo-Flores SL, Barber AF. The Drosophila circadian clock circuit is a nonhierarchical network of peptidergic oscillators. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 52:100944. [PMID: 35709899 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2022.100944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The relatively simple Drosophila circadian clock circuit consists of 150 clock neurons that coordinate rhythmic behavior and physiology, which are generally classified based on neuroanatomical location. Transcriptional and connectomic studies have identified novel subdivisions of these clock neuron populations, and identified neuropeptides not previously known to be expressed in the fly clock circuit. An additional feature of fly clock neurons is daily axonal remodeling, first noted in small ventrolateral neurons, but more recently also found in additional clock neuron groups. These findings raise new questions about the functional roles of clock neuron subpopulations and daily remodeling of network architecture in regulating circadian behavior and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio L Crespo-Flores
- Waksman Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, USA
| | - Annika F Barber
- Waksman Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, USA.
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2
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Tang Y, Du X, Sun S, Shi W, Han Y, Zhou W, Zhang J, Teng S, Ren P, Liu G. Circadian Rhythm and Neurotransmitters Are Potential Pathways through Which Ocean Acidification and Warming Affect the Metabolism of Thick-Shell Mussels. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:4324-4335. [PMID: 35293730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although the impacts of ocean acidification and warming on marine organisms have been increasingly documented, little is known about the affecting mechanism underpinning their interactive impacts on physiological processes such as metabolism. Therefore, the effects of these two stressors on metabolism were investigated in thick-shell mussel Mytilus coruscus in this study. In addition, because metabolism is primarily regulated by circadian rhythm and neurotransmitters, the impacts of acidification and warming on these two regulatory processes were also analyzed. The data obtained demonstrated that the metabolism of mussels (indicated by the clearance rate, oxygen consumption rate, ammonia excretion rate, O:N ratio, ATP content, activity of pyruvate kinase, and expression of metabolism-related genes) were significantly affected by acidification and warming, resulting in a shortage of energy supply (indicated by the in vivo content of ATP). In addition, exposure to acidification and warming led to evident disruption in circadian rhythm (indicated by the heartrate and the expression rhythm of Per2, Cry, and BMAL1) and neurotransmitters (indicated by the activity of acetyl cholinesterase and in vivo contents of ACh, GABA, and DA). These findings suggest that circadian rhythms and neurotransmitters might be potential routes through which acidification and warming interactively affect the metabolism of mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Xueying Du
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Shuge Sun
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Weishang Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Jiongming Zhang
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325005, P.R. China
| | | | - Peng Ren
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325005, P.R. China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
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3
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Moreno CRC, Wright K, Skene DJ, Louzada FM. Phenotypic plasticity of circadian entrainment under a range of light conditions. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2020; 9:100055. [PMID: 32923743 PMCID: PMC7475273 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2020.100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The response to a zeitgeber, particularly the light/dark cycle, may vary phenotypically. Phenotypic plasticity can be defined as the ability of one genome to express different phenotypes in response to environmental variation. In this opinion paper, we present some evidence that one of the most prominent effects of the introduction of electric light to the everyday life of humans is a significant increase in phenotypic plasticity and differences in interindividual phases of entrainment. We propose that the healthy limits of phenotypic plasticity have been surpassed in contemporary society. Electric light increased phenotypic plasticity in humans and differences in interindividual phases of entrainment. Healthy limits of phenotypic plasticity have been surpassed in contemporary society. The correlation between biological time (DLMO) and behavioral time (MSFsc) is reduced in the population without access to electrical light.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R C Moreno
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Brazil.,Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - K Wright
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, USA
| | - D J Skene
- Chronobiology, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, UK
| | - F M Louzada
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil
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4
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Rouyer F, Chatterjee A. Circadian Clocks: Structural Plasticity on the Input Side. Curr Biol 2020; 30:R890-R893. [PMID: 32750352 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Key Drosophila clock neurons remodel their axonal arborization on a daily basis. The current view is that remodelling is part of the control of clock neuron output but new data support a major role in modulating sensory inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Rouyer
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Abhishek Chatterjee
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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5
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Sueviriyapan N, Tso CF, Herzog ED, Henson MA. Astrocytic Modulation of Neuronal Activity in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Insights from Mathematical Modeling. J Biol Rhythms 2020; 35:287-301. [PMID: 32285754 PMCID: PMC7401727 DOI: 10.1177/0748730420913672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus consists of a highly heterogeneous neuronal population networked together to allow precise and robust circadian timekeeping in mammals. While the critical importance of SCN neurons in regulating circadian rhythms has been extensively studied, the roles of SCN astrocytes in circadian system function are not well understood. Recent experiments have demonstrated that SCN astrocytes are circadian oscillators with the same functional clock genes as SCN neurons. Astrocytes generate rhythmic outputs that are thought to modulate neuronal activity through pre- and postsynaptic interactions. In this study, we developed an in silico multicellular model of the SCN clock to investigate the impact of astrocytes in modulating neuronal activity and affecting key clock properties such as circadian rhythmicity, period, and synchronization. The model predicted that astrocytes could alter the rhythmic activity of neurons via bidirectional interactions at tripartite synapses. Specifically, astrocyte-regulated extracellular glutamate was predicted to increase neuropeptide signaling from neurons. Consistent with experimental results, we found that astrocytes could increase the circadian period and enhance neural synchronization according to their endogenous circadian period. The impact of astrocytic modulation of circadian rhythm amplitude, period, and synchronization was predicted to be strongest when astrocytes had periods between 0 and 2 h longer than neurons. Increasing the number of neurons coupled to the astrocyte also increased its impact on period modulation and synchrony. These computational results suggest that signals that modulate astrocytic rhythms or signaling (e.g., as a function of season, age, or treatment) could cause disruptions in circadian rhythm or serve as putative therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthapong Sueviriyapan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Chak Foon Tso
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Current Affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Erik D. Herzog
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Michael A. Henson
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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6
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Fernandez MP, Pettibone HL, Bogart JT, Roell CJ, Davey CE, Pranevicius A, Huynh KV, Lennox SM, Kostadinov BS, Shafer OT. Sites of Circadian Clock Neuron Plasticity Mediate Sensory Integration and Entrainment. Curr Biol 2020; 30:2225-2237.e5. [PMID: 32386535 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Networks of circadian timekeeping in the brain display marked daily changes in neuronal morphology. In Drosophila melanogaster, the striking daily structural remodeling of the dorsal medial termini of the small ventral lateral neurons has long been hypothesized to mediate endogenous circadian timekeeping. To test this model, we have specifically abrogated these sites of daily neuronal remodeling through the reprogramming of neural development and assessed the effects on circadian timekeeping and clock outputs. Remarkably, the loss of these sites has no measurable effects on endogenous circadian timekeeping or on any of the major output functions of the small ventral lateral neurons. Rather, their loss reduces sites of glutamatergic sensory neurotransmission that normally encodes naturalistic time cues from the environment. These results support an alternative model: structural plasticity in critical clock neurons is the basis for proper integration of light and temperature and gates sensory inputs into circadian clock neuron networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Fernandez
- Advanced Science Research Center, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York City, NY 10031, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York City, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Hannah L Pettibone
- Advanced Science Research Center, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York City, NY 10031, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joseph T Bogart
- Advanced Science Research Center, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York City, NY 10031, USA
| | - Casey J Roell
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Charles E Davey
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ausra Pranevicius
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York City, NY 10027, USA
| | - Khang V Huynh
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sara M Lennox
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Boyan S Kostadinov
- Mathematics Department, NYC College of Technology, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Orie T Shafer
- Advanced Science Research Center, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York City, NY 10031, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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7
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Krzeptowski W, Hess G, Pyza E. Circadian Plasticity in the Brain of Insects and Rodents. Front Neural Circuits 2018; 12:32. [PMID: 29770112 PMCID: PMC5942159 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2018.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In both vertebrate and invertebrate brains, neurons, glial cells and synapses are plastic, which means that the physiology and structure of these components are modified in response to internal and external stimuli during development and in mature brains. The term plasticity has been introduced in the last century to describe experience-dependent changes in synapse strength and number. These changes result from local functional and morphological synapse modifications; however, these modifications also occur more commonly in pre- and postsynaptic neurons. As a result, neuron morphology and neuronal networks are constantly modified during the life of animals and humans in response to different stimuli. Nevertheless, it has been discovered in flies and mammals that the number of synapses and size and shape of neurons also oscillate during the day. In most cases, these rhythms are circadian since they are generated by endogenous circadian clocks; however, some rhythmic changes in neuron morphology and synapse number and structure are controlled directly by environmental cues or by both external cues and circadian clocks. When the circadian clock is involved in generating cyclic changes in the nervous system, this type of plasticity is called circadian plasticity. It seems to be important in processing sensory information, in learning and in memory. Disruption of the clock may affect major brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Krzeptowski
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Hess
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pyza
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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8
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Krzeptowski W, Walkowicz L, Płonczyńska A, Górska-Andrzejak J. Different Levels of Expression of the Clock Protein PER and the Glial Marker REPO in Ensheathing and Astrocyte-Like Glia of the Distal Medulla of Drosophila Optic Lobe. Front Physiol 2018; 9:361. [PMID: 29695973 PMCID: PMC5904279 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian plasticity of the visual system of Drosophila melanogaster depends on functioning of both the neuronal and glial oscillators. The clock function of the former is already quite well-recognized. The latter, however, is much less known and documented. In this study we focus on the glial oscillators that reside in the distal part of the second visual neuropil, medulla (dMnGl), in vicinity of the PIGMENT-DISPERSING FACTOR (PDF) releasing terminals of the circadian clock ventral Lateral Neurons (LNvs). We reveal the heterogeneity of the dMnGl, which express the clock protein PERIOD (PER) and the pan-glial marker REVERSED POLARITY (REPO) at higher (P1) or lower (P2) levels. We show that the cells with stronger expression of PER display also stronger expression of REPO, and that the number of REPO-P1 cells is bigger during the day than during the night. Using a combination of genetic markers and immunofluorescent labeling with anti PER and REPO Abs, we have established that the P1 and P2 cells can be associated with two different types of the dMnGl, the ensheathing (EnGl), and the astrocyte-like glia (ALGl). Surprisingly, the EnGl belong to the P1 cells, whereas the ALGl, previously reported to play the main role in the circadian rhythms, display the characteristics of the P2 cells (express very low level of PER and low level of REPO). Next to the EnGl and ALGl we have also observed another type of cells in the distal medulla that express PER and REPO, although at very low levels. Based on their morphology we have identified them as the T1 interneurons. Our study reveals the complexity of the distal medulla circadian network, which appears to consist of different types of glial and neuronal peripheral clocks, displaying molecular oscillations of higher (EnGl) and lower (ALGl and T1) amplitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Krzeptowski
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lucyna Walkowicz
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Płonczyńska
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jolanta Górska-Andrzejak
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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9
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Mazzoccoli G, De Cosmo S, Mazza T. The Biological Clock: A Pivotal Hub in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Pathogenesis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:193. [PMID: 29662454 PMCID: PMC5890189 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent hepatic pathology in the Western world and may evolve into steatohepatitis (NASH), increasing the risk of cirrhosis, portal hypertension and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD derives from the accumulation of hepatic fat due to discrepant free fatty acid metabolism. Other factors contributing to this are deranged nutrients and bile acids fluxes as well as alterations in nuclear receptors, hormones, and intermediary metabolites, which impact on signaling pathways involved in metabolism and inflammation. Autophagy and host gut-microbiota interplay are also relevant to NAFLD pathogenesis. Notably, liver metabolic pathways and bile acid synthesis as well as autophagic and immune/inflammatory processes all show circadian patterns driven by the biological clock. Gut microbiota impacts on the biological clock, at the same time as the appropriate timing of metabolic fluxes, hormone secretion, bile acid turnover, autophagy and inflammation with behavioural cycles of fasting/feeding and sleeping/waking is required to circumvent hepatosteatosis, indicating significant interactions of the gut and circadian processes in NAFLD pathophysiology. Several time-related factors and processes interplay in NAFLD development, with the biological clock proposed to act as a network level hub. Deranged physiological rhythms (chronodisruption) may also play a role in liver steatosis pathogenesis. The current article reviews how the circadian clock circuitry intimately interacts with several mechanisms involved in the onset of hepatosteatosis and its progression to NASH, thereby contributing to the global NAFLD epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Salvatore De Cosmo
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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10
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Photoperiod-Induced Neuroplasticity in the Circadian System. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:5147585. [PMID: 29681926 PMCID: PMC5851158 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5147585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal changes in light exposure have profound effects on behavioral and physiological functions in many species, including effects on mood and cognitive function in humans. The mammalian brain's master circadian clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), transmits information about external light conditions to other brain regions, including some implicated in mood and cognition. Although the detailed mechanisms are not yet known, the SCN undergoes highly plastic changes at the cellular and network levels under different light conditions. We therefore propose that the SCN may be an essential mediator of the effects of seasonal changes of day length on mental health. In this review, we explore various forms of neuroplasticity that occur in the SCN and other brain regions to facilitate seasonal adaptation, particularly altered phase distribution of cellular circadian oscillators in the SCN and changes in hypothalamic neurotransmitter expression.
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11
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Herrero A, Duhart JM, Ceriani MF. Neuronal and Glial Clocks Underlying Structural Remodeling of Pacemaker Neurons in Drosophila. Front Physiol 2017; 8:918. [PMID: 29184510 PMCID: PMC5694478 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of years ago we reported that ventral Lateral Neurons (LNvs), which are essential in the control of rest-activity cycles in Drosophila, undergo circadian remodeling of their axonal projections. This structural plasticity gives rise to changes in the degree of connectivity, which could provide a means of transmitting time of day information. Thus far, work from different laboratories has shown that circadian remodeling of adult projections relies on activity-dependent and -independent mechanisms. In terms of clock- dependent mechanisms, several neuronal types undergoing circadian remodeling hinted to a differential effect of clock genes; while per mutants exhibited poorly developed axonal terminals giving rise to low complexity arbors, tim mutants displayed a characteristic hyper branching phenotype, suggesting these genes could be playing additional roles to those ascribed to core clock function. To shed light onto this possibility we altered clock gene levels through RNAi- mediated downregulation and expression of a dominant negative form exclusively in the adult LNvs. These experiments confirmed that the LNv clock is necessary to drive the remodeling process. We next explored the contribution of glia to the structural plasticity of the small LNvs through acute disruption of their internal clock. Interestingly, impaired glial clocks also abolished circadian structural remodeling, without affecting other clock-controlled outputs. Taken together our data shows that both neuronal and glial clocks are recruited to define the architecture of the LNv projections along the day, thus enabling a precise reconfiguration of the circadian network.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria F. Ceriani
- Laboratorio de Genética del Comportamiento, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIB-BA CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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12
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Bian SS, Zheng XL, Sun HQ, Chen JH, Lu YL, Liu YQ, Tao DC, Ma YX. Clock1a affects mesoderm development and primitive hematopoiesis by regulating Nodal-Smad3 signaling in the zebrafish embryo. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14165-14175. [PMID: 28687631 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.794289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian clock and Smad2/3/4-mediated Nodal signaling regulate multiple physiological and pathological processes. However, it remains unknown whether Clock directly cross-talks with Nodal signaling and how this would regulate embryonic development. Here we show that Clock1a coordinated mesoderm development and primitive hematopoiesis in zebrafish embryos by directly up-regulating Nodal-Smad3 signaling. We found that Clock1a is expressed both maternally and zygotically throughout early zebrafish development. We also noted that Clock1a alterations produce embryonic defects with shortened body length, lack of the ventral tail fin, or partial defect of the eyes. Clock1a regulates the expression of the mesodermal markers ntl, gsc, and eve1 and of the hematopoietic markers scl, lmo2, and fli1a Biochemical analyses revealed that Clock1a stimulates Nodal signaling by increasing expression of Smad2/3/4. Mechanistically, Clock1a activates the smad3a promoter via its E-box1 element (CAGATG). Taken together, these findings provide mechanistic insight into the role of Clock1a in the regulation of mesoderm development and primitive hematopoiesis via modulation of Nodal-Smad3 signaling and indicate that Smad3a is directly controlled by the circadian clock in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha Bian
- From the Laboratory of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xu-Lei Zheng
- From the Laboratory of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hua-Qin Sun
- SCU-CUHK Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jian-Hui Chen
- From the Laboratory of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi-Lu Lu
- From the Laboratory of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yun-Qiang Liu
- From the Laboratory of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Da-Chang Tao
- From the Laboratory of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong-Xin Ma
- From the Laboratory of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center Chengdu 610041, China.
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13
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Zhang Z, Lai S, Wang Y, Li L, Yin H, Wang Y, Zhao X, Li D, Yang M, Zhu Q. Rhythmic expression of circadian clock genes in the preovulatory ovarian follicles of the laying hen. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179019. [PMID: 28604799 PMCID: PMC5467841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is reported to play a role in the ovaries in a variety of vertebrate species, including the domestic hen. However, the ovary is an organ that changes daily, and the laying hen maintains a strict follicular hierarchy. The aim of this study was to examine the spatial-temporal expression of several known canonical clock genes in the granulosa and theca layers of six hierarchy follicles. We demonstrated that the granulosa cells (GCs) of the F1-F3 follicles harbored intrinsic oscillatory mechanisms in vivo. In addition, cultured granulosa cells (GCs) from F1 follicles exposed to luteinizing hormone (LH) synchronization displayed Per2 mRNA oscillations, whereas, the less mature GCs (F5 plus F6) displayed no circadian change in Per2 mRNA levels. Cultures containing follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) combined with LH expressed levels of Per2 mRNA that were 2.5-fold higher than those in cultures with LH or FSH alone. These results show that there is spatial specificity in the localization of clock cells in hen preovulatory follicles. In addition, our results support the hypothesis that gonadotropins provide a cue for the development of the functional cellular clock in immature GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Zhang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Lai
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Yagang Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Huadong Yin
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Diyan Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingyao Yang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail:
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Albers HE, Walton JC, Gamble KL, McNeill JK, Hummer DL. The dynamics of GABA signaling: Revelations from the circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Front Neuroendocrinol 2017; 44:35-82. [PMID: 27894927 PMCID: PMC5225159 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Virtually every neuron within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) communicates via GABAergic signaling. The extracellular levels of GABA within the SCN are determined by a complex interaction of synthesis and transport, as well as synaptic and non-synaptic release. The response to GABA is mediated by GABAA receptors that respond to both phasic and tonic GABA release and that can produce excitatory as well as inhibitory cellular responses. GABA also influences circadian control through the exclusively inhibitory effects of GABAB receptors. Both GABA and neuropeptide signaling occur within the SCN, although the functional consequences of the interactions of these signals are not well understood. This review considers the role of GABA in the circadian pacemaker, in the mechanisms responsible for the generation of circadian rhythms, in the ability of non-photic stimuli to reset the phase of the pacemaker, and in the ability of the day-night cycle to entrain the pacemaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Elliott Albers
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Atlanta, GA 30302, United States; Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, United States.
| | - James C Walton
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Atlanta, GA 30302, United States; Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, United States
| | - Karen L Gamble
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - John K McNeill
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Atlanta, GA 30302, United States; Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, United States
| | - Daniel L Hummer
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Atlanta, GA 30302, United States; Department of Psychology, Morehouse College, Atlanta, GA 30314, United States
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15
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Kaiser TS, Poehn B, Szkiba D, Preussner M, Sedlazeck FJ, Zrim A, Neumann T, Nguyen LT, Betancourt AJ, Hummel T, Vogel H, Dorner S, Heyd F, von Haeseler A, Tessmar-Raible K. The genomic basis of circadian and circalunar timing adaptations in a midge. Nature 2016; 540:69-73. [PMID: 27871090 PMCID: PMC5133387 DOI: 10.1038/nature20151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Organisms use endogenous clocks to anticipate regular environmental cycles, such as days and tides. Natural variants resulting in differently timed behaviour or physiology, known as chronotypes in humans, have not been well characterized at the molecular level. We sequenced the genome of Clunio marinus, a marine midge whose reproduction is timed by circadian and circalunar clocks. Midges from different locations show strain-specific genetic timing adaptations. We examined genetic variation in five C. marinus strains from different locations and mapped quantitative trait loci for circalunar and circadian chronotypes. The region most strongly associated with circadian chronotypes generates strain-specific differences in the abundance of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II.1 (CaMKII.1) splice variants. As equivalent variants were shown to alter CaMKII activity in Drosophila melanogaster, and C. marinus (Cma)-CaMKII.1 increases the transcriptional activity of the dimer of the circadian proteins Cma-CLOCK and Cma-CYCLE, we suggest that modulation of alternative splicing is a mechanism for natural adaptation in circadian timing. Genomic and molecular analyses of Clunio marinus timing strains suggest that modulation of alternative splicing of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II represents a mechanism for evolutionary adaptation of circadian timing. Kristin Tessmar-Raible and colleagues report the genome of Clunio marinus, a marine midge whose reproduction is timed to the tides by circadian and circalunar clocks. To identify genetic variation associated with timing differences, the authors report genetic mapping in a selection of C. marinus strains with a range of circadian and circalunar timing. They suggest that circalunar and circadian timing are regulated by separate pathways, do not find involvement of core clock genes, and implicate calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II.1 in the regulation of circadian timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias S Kaiser
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/4, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.,Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.,Research Platform 'Rhythms of Life', University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Poehn
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/4, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.,Research Platform 'Rhythms of Life', University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - David Szkiba
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Preussner
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, FU Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fritz J Sedlazeck
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Zrim
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Neumann
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/4, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.,Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lam-Tung Nguyen
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea J Betancourt
- Institute of Population Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Josef-Baumann-Gasse 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Research Platform 'Rhythms of Life', University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.,Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heiko Vogel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Silke Dorner
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/4, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Heyd
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, FU Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arndt von Haeseler
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.,Research Platform 'Rhythms of Life', University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristin Tessmar-Raible
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/4, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.,Research Platform 'Rhythms of Life', University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
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16
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Zhang Z, Wang Y, Li L, Yin H, Li D, Wang Y, Zhao X, Liu Y, Zhu Q. Circadian clock genes are rhythmically expressed in specific segments of the hen oviduct. Poult Sci 2016; 95:1653-1659. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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17
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Chounlamountry K, Boyer B, Penalba V, François-Bellan AM, Bosler O, Kessler JP, Strube C. Remodeling of glial coverage of glutamatergic synapses in the rat nucleus tractus solitarii after ozone inhalation. J Neurochem 2015; 134:857-64. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bénédicte Boyer
- Aix-Marseille Université; CNRS; CRN2M; UMR 7286; Marseille France
| | - Virginie Penalba
- Aix-Marseille Université; CNRS; CRN2M; UMR 7286; Marseille France
| | | | - Olivier Bosler
- Aix-Marseille Université; CNRS; CRN2M; UMR 7286; Marseille France
| | | | - Caroline Strube
- Aix-Marseille Université; CNRS; CRN2M; UMR 7286; Marseille France
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