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Tu S, Xu R, Wang M, Xie X, Bao C, Zhu D. Identification and characterization of expression profiles of neuropeptides and their GPCRs in the swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12179. [PMID: 34616625 PMCID: PMC8449533 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides and their G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate multiple physiological processes. Currently, little is known about the identity of native neuropeptides and their receptors in Portunus trituberculatus. This study employed RNA-sequencing and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques to identify neuropeptides and their receptors that might be involved in regulation of reproductive processes of P. trituberculatus. In the central nervous system transcriptome data, 47 neuropeptide transcripts were identified. In further analyses, the tissue expression profile of 32 putative neuropeptide-encoding transcripts was estimated. Results showed that the 32 transcripts were expressed in the central nervous system and 23 of them were expressed in the ovary. A total of 47 GPCR-encoding transcripts belonging to two classes were identified, including 39 encoding GPCR-A family and eight encoding GPCR-B family. In addition, we assessed the tissue expression profile of 33 GPCRs (27 GPCR-As and six GPCR-Bs) transcripts. These GPCRs were found to be widely expressed in different tissues. Similar to the expression profiles of neuropeptides, 20 of these putative GPCR-encoding transcripts were also detected in the ovary. This is the first study to establish the identify of neuropeptides and their GPCRs in P. trituberculatus, and provide information for further investigations into the effect of neuropeptides on the physiology and behavior of decapod crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shisheng Tu
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Xu
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengen Wang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xi Xie
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenchang Bao
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongfa Zhu
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Liu Y, Li G, Li L. Targeted Top-Down Mass Spectrometry for the Characterization and Tissue-Specific Functional Discovery of Crustacean Hyperglycemic Hormones (CHH) and CHH Precursor-Related Peptides in Response to Low pH Stress. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:1352-1360. [PMID: 33605729 PMCID: PMC8172425 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Crustacean hyperglycemic hormones (CHHs) are a family of neuropeptides that were discovered in multiple tissues in crustaceans, but the function of most isoforms remains unclear. Functional discovery often requires comprehensive qualitative profiling and quantitative analysis. The conventional enzymatic digestion method has several limitations, such as missing post-translational modification (PTM) information, homology interference, and incomplete sequence coverage. Herein, by using a targeted top-down method, facilitated by higher sensitivity instruments and hybrid fragmentation modes, we achieved the characterization of two CHH isoforms from the sinus glands (SG-CHH) and the pericardial organs (PO-CHH) from the Atlantic blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, with improved sequence coverage compared to earlier studies. In this study, both label-free and isotopic labeling approaches were adopted to monitor the response of CHHs and CHH precursor-related peptide (CPRP) under low pH stress. The identical trends of CPRP and CHH expression indicated that CPRP could serve as an ideal probe in tracking the CHH expression level changes, which would greatly simplify the quantitative analysis of large peptides. Furthermore, the distinct patterns of changes in the expression of CHHs in the SG and the PO suggested their tissue-specific functions in the regulation of low pH stress. Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) was also employed in this study to provide conformation analysis of both CHHs and CPRPs from different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, 1101 University Avenue, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706
| | - Gongyu Li
- School of Pharmacy, 777 Highland Avenue, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, 1101 University Avenue, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706
- School of Pharmacy, 777 Highland Avenue, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705
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A novel crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) from the mud crab Scylla paramamosain regulating carbohydrate metabolism. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 231:49-55. [PMID: 30690149 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) plays a crucial role in regulating carbohydrate metabolism in crustaceans. In this study, a new cDNA encoding type I CHH peptide, termed Sp-CHH3, was isolated from the mud crab Scylla paramamosain and its potential functions were investigated. The full length cDNA of Sp-CHH3 was identified as encoding a 127-aa precursor composed of a 27-aa signal peptide, a 23-aa CHH precursor-related peptide and a 75-aa mature peptide with a typical motif of CHH. Phylogenic analysis suggested that, Sp-CHH3 is a previously unreported CHH from S. paramamosain. Tissue distribution analysis showed that Sp-CHH3 was mainly expressed in the eyestalk ganglia, thoracic ganglia, stomach and the ovary. A RNA interference experiments showed that after injection of Sp-CHH3-targeted dsRNA, both the level of Sp-CHH3 expression in the eyestalk ganglia and hemolymph glucose level decreased significantly. A further short-term starvation experiments demonstrated that, the level of Sp-CHH3 detected in the eyestalk ganglia was significantly up-regulated at the 12th h of starvation, it then fell back at the 24th h of starvation and subsequently remained relative stability between the 24th to 96th h of starvation. The hemolymph glucose level decreased significantly (P < .05) at each sampling time during the 96 h starvation duration when compared to that of 0 h (prior to starvation) and the overall trend was largely correlated with the level of Sp-CHH3 expression in the eyestalk ganglia. In summary, the results suggest that Sp-CHH3 plays a functional role in regulating carbohydrate metabolism in S. paramamosain.
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Ventura-López C, Gómez-Anduro G, Arcos FG, Llera-Herrera R, Racotta IS, Ibarra AM. A novel CHH gene from the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei was characterized and found highly expressed in gut and less in eyestalk and other extra-eyestalk tissues. Gene 2016; 582:148-60. [PMID: 26861611 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) family is an important group of neuropeptides involved in controlling growth, reproduction, and stress response in decapod species. In this study, a new gene containing 4 exons-3 introns flanked by canonical 5'-GT-AG-3' intron splice-site junctions was isolated from Litopenaeus vannamei. Two full length transcripts of this CHH were isolated from eyestalk and pericardial tissue of males and females using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Transcripts sequences were 1578bp in length in males pericardial tissues and in males and females eyestalk with 100% identity, but the transcript isolated from females pericardial tissues was shorter (974bp). The differences in transcripts length is a result of two polyadenylation sites present in the 3'UTR resulting in two transcription termination signals. Transcript sequences encoded one unique protein that can be classified as type I CHH subfamily because of the 4 exons and 3 introns structure, although the CPRP region is not-well conserved and there is no amidation in the C-terminal of the deduced amino acid sequence. Furthermore, there is a glycine inserted in the mature peptide not at position 12 as in type II CHHs but after amino acid 31 and the phylogenetic analysis did not group the peptide within type I, but closer to type II CHHs. We demonstrated by endpoint-PCR, qPCR, and in situ hybridization (ISH), that this gene is expressed in neuroendocrine organs known to express CHHs in penaeid shrimp, including X-organ and optic nerve in eyestalk, supraesophageal ganglion (SoG), but it is also expressed in other organs as gill, gut, pericardial cavity, as well as in terminal ampoule or spermatophore and vas deferens of males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ventura-López
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No.195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
| | - Gracia Gómez-Anduro
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No.195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
| | - Fabiola G Arcos
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No.195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
| | - Raúl Llera-Herrera
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No.195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
| | - Ilie S Racotta
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No.195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
| | - Ana M Ibarra
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No.195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
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Xie X, Zhu D, Yang J, Qiu X, Cui X, Tang J. Molecular cloning of two structure variants of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) from the swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus), and their gene expression during molting and ovarian development. Zoolog Sci 2015; 31:802-9. [PMID: 25483792 DOI: 10.2108/zs140053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two full-length cDNA (Pt-CHH1 and Pt-CHH2) sequences encoding crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) were cloned from tissues of the swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus) using RACE. Pt-CHH1 was cloned from eyestalk, whereas Pt-CHH2 was cloned from thoracic ganglia. Sequence and structure analyses of Pt-CHH1 and Pt-CHH2 suggest that they may be generated from alternative splicing. Tissue distribution showed that transcript of Pt-CHH1 was only detected in eyestalk, while transcript of Pt-CHH2 was observed in several extra-eyestalk tissues. The transcript levels of Pt-CHH1 and Pt-CHH2 during molting and ovarian development were determined using qPCR. In molting process, level of Pt-CHH1 in eyestalk increased from stage A (postmolt), and to significant higher at stage C (intermolt), then decreased during premolt (D0-D4). In ovarian development, level of Pt-CHH1 in eyestalk decreased from previtellogenic stage (II), and to significant lower at mature stage (IV). The expression patterns of Pt-CHH2 in thoracic ganglia and Y-organ were distinct from that of Pt-CHH1 in eyestalk. The combined results suggest that Pt-CHH1 may be involved in inhibition of molting and ovarian development, whereas Pt-CHH2 may have other physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xie
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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Chung JS, Ahn IS, Yu OH, Kim DS. Crustacean hyperglycemic hormones of two cold water crab species, Chionoecetes opilio and C. japonicus: isolation of cDNA sequences and localization of CHH neuropeptide in eyestalk ganglia. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 214:177-85. [PMID: 25224573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) is primarily known for its prototypical function in hyperglycemia which is induced by the release of CHH. The CHH release takes place as an adaptive response to the energy demands of the animals experiencing stressful environmental, physiological or behavioral conditions. Although >63 decapod CHH nucleotide sequences are known (GenBank), the majority of them is garnered from the species inhabiting shallow and warm water. In order to understand the adaptive role of CHH in Chionoecetes opilio and Chionoecetes japonicus inhabiting deep water environments, we first aimed for the isolation of the full-length cDNA sequence of CHH from the eyestalk ganglia of C. opilio (ChoCHH) and C. japonicus (ChjCHH) using degenerate PCR and 5' and 3' RACE. Cho- and ChjCHH cDNA sequences are identical in 5' UTR and ORF with 100% sequence identity of the putative 138aa of preproCHHs. The length of 3' UTR ChjCHH cDNA sequence is 39 nucleotides shorter than that of ChoCHH. This is the first report in decapod crustaceans that two different species have the identical sequence of CHH. ChoCHH expression increases during embryogenesis of C. opilio and is significantly higher in adult males and females. C. japonicus males have slightly higher ChjCHH expression than C. opilio males, but no statistical difference. In both species, the immunostaining intensity of CHH is stronger in the sinus gland than that of X-organ cells. Future studies will enable us to gain better understanding of the comparative metabolic physiology and endocrinology of cold, deep water species of Chionoecetes spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sook Chung
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Columbus Center, 701 E. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
| | - I S Ahn
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Columbus Center, 701 E. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - O H Yu
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 787 Haean-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 426-744, South Korea
| | - D S Kim
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 787 Haean-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 426-744, South Korea
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Stewart MJ, Stewart P, Sroyraya M, Soonklang N, Cummins SF, Hanna PJ, Duan W, Sobhon P. Cloning of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone and evidence for molt-inhibiting hormone within the central nervous system of the blue crab Portunus pelagicus. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2013; 164:276-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Two type I crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) genes in Morotoge shrimp (Pandalopsis japonica): cloning and expression of eyestalk and pericardial organ isoforms produced by alternative splicing and a novel type I CHH with predicted structure shared with type II CHH peptides. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 162:88-99. [PMID: 22525298 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) peptide family members play critical roles in growth and reproduction in decapods. Three cDNAs encoding CHH family members (Pj-CHH1ES, Pj-CHH1PO, and Pj-CHH2) were isolated by a combination of bioinformatic analysis and conventional cloning strategies. Pj-CHH1ES and Pj-CHH1PO were products of the same gene that were generated by alternative mRNA splicing, whereas Pj-CHH2 was the product of a second gene. The Pj-CHH1 and Pj-CHH2 genes had four exons and three introns, suggesting the two genes arose from gene duplication. The three cDNAs were classified in the type I CHH subfamily, as the deduced amino acid sequences had a CHH precursor-related peptide sequence positioned between the N-terminal signal sequence and C-terminal mature peptide sequence. The Pj-CHH1ES isoform was expressed at a higher level in the eyestalk X-organ/sinus gland (XO/SG) complex and at a lower level in the gill. The Pj-CHH1PO isoform was expressed at higher levels in the XO/SG complex, brain, abdominal ganglion, and thoracic ganglion and at a lower level in the epidermis. Pj-CHH2 was expressed at a higher level in the thoracic ganglion and at a lower level in the gill. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify the effects of eyestalk ablation on the mRNA levels of the three Pj-CHHs in the brain, thoracic ganglion, and gill. Eyestalk ablation reduced expression of Pj-CHH1ES in the brain and Pj-CHH1PO and Pj-CHH2 in the thoracic ganglion. Sequence alignment of the Pj-CHHs with CHHs from other species indicated that Pj-CHH2 had an additional alanine at position #9 of the mature peptide. Molecular modeling showed that the Pj-CHH2 mature peptide had a short alpha helix (α1) in the N-terminal region, which is characteristic of type II CHHs. This suggests that Pj-CHH2 differs in function from other type I CHHs.
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Hui L, Cunningham R, Zhang Z, Cao W, Jia C, Li L. Discovery and characterization of the Crustacean hyperglycemic hormone precursor related peptides (CPRP) and orcokinin neuropeptides in the sinus glands of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus using multiple tandem mass spectrometry techniques. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:4219-29. [PMID: 21740068 PMCID: PMC3166378 DOI: 10.1021/pr200391g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The crustacean sinus gland (SG) is a well-defined neuroendocrine site that produces numerous hemolymph-borne agents including the most complex class of endocrine signaling molecules-neuropeptides. Via a multifaceted mass spectrometry (MS) approach, 70 neuropeptides were identified including orcokinins, orcomyotropin, crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) precursor-related peptides (CPRPs), red pigment concentrating hormone (RPCH), pigment dispersing hormone (PDH), proctolin, RFamides, RYamides, and HL/IGSL/IYRamide. Among them, 15 novel orcokinins, 9 novel CPRPs, 1 novel orcomyotropin, 1 novel Ork/Orcomyotropin-related peptide, and 1 novel PDH were de novo sequenced via collision induced dissociation (CID) from the SG of a model organism Callinectes sapidus. Electron transfer dissociation (ETD) was used for sequencing of intact CPRPs due to their large size and higher charge state. Capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) was employed for separation of members of the orcokinin family, which is one of the most abundant neuropeptide families observed in the SG. Collectively, our study represents the most complete characterization of neuropeptides in the SG and provides a foundation for future investigation of the physiological function of neuropeptides in the SG of C. sapidus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Hui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2222, USA
| | - Robert Cunningham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2222, USA
| | - Zichuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2222, USA
| | - Weifeng Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2222, USA
| | - Chenxi Jia
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2222, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2222, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2222, USA
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Zheng J, Chen HY, Choi CY, Roer RD, Watson RD. Molecular cloning of a putative crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) isoform from extra-eyestalk tissue of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus), and determination of temporal and spatial patterns of CHH gene expression. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2010; 169:174-81. [PMID: 20691651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Revised: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) is a polypeptide neurohormone involved in regulation of multiple physiological processes. We report here the cloning from thoracic ganglia of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) a cDNA (CsCHH-2) encoding a putative CHH isoform (CsCHH-2). CsCHH-2 is structurally similar to a putative preproCHH (CsCHH-1) previously cloned from eyestalk ganglia of C. sapidus. The two preprohormones possess an identical signal peptide and CHH precursor related peptide, but differ in the mature CHH polypeptide. An analysis by RT-PCR of the tissue distribution of CsCHH-1 and CsCHH-2 revealed the former is restricted to eyestalk neural ganglia, while the latter is widely distributed among tissues. The type of CHH transcript present in eyestalk and thoracic ganglia did not vary as a function of the molt cycle. An assessment of transcript abundance in tissues of intermolt crabs showed the abundance of the CsCHH-1 transcript in eyestalk ganglia far exceeds the abundance of the CsCHH-2 transcript in extra-eyestalk tissue. An assessment of transcript abundance during a molt cycle showed CsCHH-1 transcript abundance in eyestalk ganglia was low during intermolt, rose during premolt, reaching a peak in D(3), then fell prior to molting, and remained low during postmolt. By contrast, CsCHH-2 transcript abundance in thoracic ganglia was low during intermolt, rose sharply during D(2), then dropped in D(3) and remained low during postmolt. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that CsCHH-1 and CsCHH-2 differ with respect to physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Zheng
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Qian YQ, Dai L, Yang JS, Yang F, Chen DF, Fujiwara Y, Tsuchida S, Nagasawa H, Yang WJ. CHH family peptides from an ‘eyeless’ deep-sea hydrothermal vent shrimp, Rimicaris kairei: Characterization and sequence analysis. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2009; 154:37-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2009.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chung JS, Bembe S, Tamone S, Andrews E, Thomas H. Molecular cloning of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) precursor from the X-organ and the identification of the neuropeptide from sinus gland of the Alaskan Tanner crab, Chionoecetes bairdi. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2009; 162:129-33. [PMID: 19332072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) secreted from sinus glands primarily elicits hyperglycaemia in crustaceans. CHH is particularly important for energy metabolism during environmental and physiological stress as animals switch to anaerobiosis. CHH has been purified from multiple brachyuran crab species to date, but not from the cold water Tanner crab, Chionoecetes bairdi, a species found in Alaskan coastal waters. The purpose of molecular cloning the C. bairdi CHH precursor and identification of its neuropeptide form in sinus glands is to establish tools to further study cold water crab metabolic physiology. Cold water crabs such as those in the genus Chionoecetes are a good model for understanding the role that climate change and associated water temperature changes might have on metabolic physiology. CHHs in sinus glands of C. bairdi were purified using reverse-phase HPLC and were identified as CHH with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using cross-reacting Callinectes sapidus and Carcinus maenas CHH antisera. The bioactivity of CHH was further assessed using a homologous assay by injecting CHH into eyestalk ablated C. bairdi and measuring subsequent rise in circulating glucose. The full length cDNA (1944bp) of C. bairdi CHH was determined by PCR using degenerate primers cloning and 5', 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). A phylogenetic analysis of deduced amino acid sequences from six brachyuran crab species showed C. bairdi CHH most closely related to the majid crab, Libinia emarginata (P55688). Future studies will enable us to compare metabolic physiology and requirements of cold water C. bairdi with the warm water crab C. sapidus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sook Chung
- Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Columbus Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Katayama H, Chung JS. The specific binding sites of eyestalk- and pericardial organ-crustacean hyperglycaemic hormones (CHHs) in multiple tissues of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 212:542-9. [PMID: 19181902 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.022889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone from the pericardial organ (PO-CHH) is a CHH-related neuropeptide but its function and target tissues are not known in crustaceans. To investigate this issue, we employed radiolabelled ligand binding and cGMP assays, using eyestalk-CHH (ES-CHH) as a reference neuropeptide. The membranes were prepared from various tissues of Callinectes sapidus: hepatopancreas, hindgut, midgut, gills, heart, abdominal muscles and scaphognathites. Like ES-CHH, recombinant PO-CHH (rPO-CHH) specifically bound to the membranes of scaphognathites=abdominal muscles>midgut>gills> heart>hindgut and hepatopancreas (list order corresponds to the number of binding sites). The specific binding sites of (125)I-ES-CHH in hepatopancreas and gills were saturable and displaceable. The abdominal muscle membrane binding sites were specific and saturable to both CHHs. These binding sites were displaced by homologous neuropeptides, but poorly displaced by the heterologous counterpart. As for the second messenger, the expected increment (3- to >20-fold) in the amount of cGMP produced by ES-CHH was noted in most tissues tested except midgut. Recombinant PO-CHH increased cGMP production 1.5- to 4-fold in scaphognathites, heart, midgut, hindgut and abdominal muscles. The results obtained from the binding study suggest that PO-CHH also has multiple target tissues of which abdominal muscles and scaphognathites are the primary ones. The differences in the primary amino acid sequences of PO-CHH and ES-CHH, particularly in the C-terminal region and in the amidation at C-terminus, may contribute to the truncated responses of hyperglycaemia, cGMP stimulation and binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Katayama
- University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 701 E. Pratt Street, Columbus Center, Suite 236, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
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Tsai KW, Chang SJ, Wu HJ, Shih HY, Chen CH, Lee CY. Molecular cloning and differential expression pattern of two structural variants of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone family from the mud crab Scylla olivacea. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2008; 159:16-25. [PMID: 18713635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2007] [Revised: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Two full-length cDNA sequences encoding a crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) precursor were cloned from tissues of the mud crab Scylla olivacea. Sco-CHH (S. olivacea CHH) was cloned from eyestalk ganglia, whereas Sco-CHH-L (S. olivacea CHH-like peptide) was cloned from extra-eyestalk tissues (pericardial organ and thoracic ganglia). Each conceptually translated precursor is expected to be processed into a signal peptide, a CHH precursor-related peptide (CPRP), and a mature CHH or CHH-like peptide. The two precursors are identical in amino acid sequence through the 40th residue of the mature peptide, but different from each other substantially in the C-terminus. Both CHH variants contain the six highly conserved cysteine residues characteristic of the CHH family peptides, and share higher sequence identities with other brachyuran CHH sequences than with those of other taxonomic groups. As determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the transcripts of Sco-CHH and Sco-CHH-L were present in eyestalk ganglia and several extra-eyestalk tissues (the thoracic ganglia, pericardial organ, brain, circumesophageal connectives, and gut). Sco-CHH was the predominant form in eyestalk ganglia, while Sco-CHH-L was the predominant form in several extra-eyestalk tissues. Neither transcript was expressed in the muscle, hepatopancreas, ovary, testis, heart, or gill. Antisera were raised against synthetic peptides corresponding to a stretch of sequence-specific to the C-terminus of Sco-CHH or Sco-CHH-L. Western blot analyses of tissues expressing Sco-CHH and Sco-CHH-L detected a Sco-CHH immunoreactive protein in the sinus gland, and a Sco-CHH-L immunoreactive protein in the pericardial organ. Immunohistochemical analyses of the eyestalk ganglia localized both Sco-CHH and Sco-CHH-L immunoreactivity to the sinus gland, and only Sco-CHH immunoreactivity to the X-organ somata; analyses of the pericardial organs also localized both Sco-CHH and Sco-CHH-L immunoreactivity to the anterior and posterior bars, as well as to longitudinal trunks joining the two bars. The combined data provided supporting evidence that Sco-CHH and Sco-CHH-L are co-localized in the same tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Wei Tsai
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan, Republic of China
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15
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Expression of recombinant eyestalk crustacean hyperglycemic hormone from the tropical land crab, Gecarcinus lateralis, that inhibits Y-organ ecdysteroidogenesis in vitro. Mol Biol Rep 2008; 36:1231-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-008-9302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 06/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Christie AE, Cashman CR, Brennan HR, Ma M, Sousa GL, Li L, Stemmler EA, Dickinson PS. Identification of putative crustacean neuropeptides using in silico analyses of publicly accessible expressed sequence tags. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2008; 156:246-64. [PMID: 18321503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2007] [Revised: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) for crustacean cDNA libraries and their deposition in publicly accessible databases has generated a rich resource for peptide discovery in this commercially and ecologically important arthropod subphylum. Here, we have conducted in silico searches of these databases for unannotated ESTs encoding putative neuropeptide precursors using the BLAST program tblastn, and have predicted the mature forms of the peptides encoded by them. The primary strategy used was to query the database with known decapod prepro-hormone sequences or, in some instances, insect precursor protein sequences. For neuropeptides for which no prepro-hormones are known, the peptides themselves were used as queries. For those peptides expected to originate from a common precursor, the individual sequences were combined, with each peptide flanked by a dibasic processing site and, if amidated, a glycine residue. Using these approaches, 13 unannotated ESTs encoding putative neuropeptide precursors were found. For example, using the first strategy, putative Marsupenaeus japonicus prepro-hormones encoding B-type allatostatins, neuropeptide F (NPF), and orcokinins were identified. Similarly, several Homarus americanus ESTs encoding putative orcokinin precursors were found. In addition to the decapod prepro-hormones, ESTs putatively encoding a NPF isoform and a red pigment concentrating hormone-like peptide were identified from the cladoceran Daphnia magna, as was one EST putatively encoding multiple tachykinin-related peptides from the isopod Eurydice pulchra. Using the second strategy, we identified a Carcinus maenas EST encoding HIGSLYRamide, a peptide recently discovered via mass spectrometry from Cancer productus. Using mass spectral methods we confirmed that this peptide is also present in Carcinus maenas. Collectively over 50 novel crustacean peptides were predicted from the identified ESTs, providing a strong foundation for future investigations of the evolution, regulation and function of these and related molecules in this arthropod taxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Christie
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA.
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17
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Hsu YWA, Weller JR, Christie AE, de la Iglesia HO. Molecular cloning of four cDNAs encoding prepro-crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) from the eyestalk of the red rock crab Cancer productus: identification of two genetically encoded CHH isoforms and two putative post-translationally derived CHH variants. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2008; 155:517-25. [PMID: 17961562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2007] [Accepted: 09/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that the four known sinus gland (SG) isoforms of Cancer productus crustacean hyperglycemic hormone precursor-related peptide (Capr-CPRP I-IV) are differentially distributed in conserved patterns among individual crabs. This finding strongly supported the presence of multiple prepro-crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (chh) transcripts in each crab, as well as the translation and processing of the encoded prepro-hormones. Whether these transcripts contained common or distinct isoforms of CHH remained unknown. To address this question, molecular analyses of the C. productus eyestalk prepro-chhs were undertaken. Using a PCR-based cloning strategy, four prepro-chh cDNAs were characterized: one encoding CPRP I, one encoding CPRP III (found to possess Ile(26) rather than Leu(26) as reported previously), and two encoding CPRP II. No cDNA encoding CPRP IV was identified. The deduced CHH present in the prepro-hormones containing CPRP I and III were identical (Capr-CHH I) and differed from that (Capr-CHH II) present in the two prepro-hormones containing Capr-CPRP II at a single residue, a Thr(5) for Ser(5) substitution. As both CHH isoforms possess Glu at position 1, a cyclization of this residue to pyroglutamine is likely as the peptides mature, as has been seen for the CHHs of other brachyuran species. Likewise, homology to other CHHs suggests all C. productus isoforms are C-terminally amidated. These post-translational modifications would result in four SG isoforms of CHH: Capr-CHH I, Capr-pyro-CHH I, Capr-CHH II, and Capr-pyro-CHH II. Southern blotting supported the hypothesis that at least three prepro-chh transcripts are present in each crab, while dual in situ hybridization-immunohistochemistry localized the transcripts to previously mapped CHH immunopositive somata in the X-organ, the major source of innervation to the SG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Wei A Hsu
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA
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18
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Chung JS, Zmora N. Functional studies of crustacean hyperglycemic hormones (CHHs) of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus - the expression and release of CHH in eyestalk and pericardial organ in response to environmental stress. FEBS J 2008; 275:693-704. [PMID: 18190527 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06231.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The rapid increase in the number of putative cDNA sequences encoding crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) family in various tissues [either from the eyestalk (ES) or elsewhere] underscores a need to identify the corresponding neuropeptides in relevant tissues. Moreover, the presence of provided structural CHH implies the level of the complexity of physiological regulation in crustaceans. Much less is known of the functions of non-ES CHH than of those of its counterpart present in ESs. In the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, we know little of CHH involvement in response to the stressful conditions that naturally occur in Chesapeake Bay. We have identified two isoforms of CHH neuropeptide in the sinus gland of the ES and isolated a full-length cDNA encoding CHH from the pericardial organ (PO). The functions of ES-CHH and PO-CHH in this species were studied with regard to expression and release in response to stressful episodes: hypoxia, emersion, and temperatures. Animals exposed to hypoxic conditions responded with concomitant release of both CHHs. In contrast, the mRNA transcripts encoding two CHHs were differentially regulated: PO-CHH increased, whereas ES-CHH decreased. This result suggests a possible differential regulation of transcription of these CHHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sook Chung
- Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Baltimore, USA.
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Lee KJ, Doran RM, Mykles DL. Crustacean hyperglycemic hormone from the tropical land crab, Gecarcinus lateralis: cloning, isoforms, and tissue expression. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2007; 154:174-83. [PMID: 17586505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2007.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2007] [Revised: 05/08/2007] [Accepted: 05/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) regulates carbohydrate metabolism, molting, and ion and water transport. cDNAs encoding four CHH isoforms (designated EG-CHH-A, -B, -C, and -D) were cloned from eyestalk ganglia (EG) from land crab, Gecarcinus lateralis. The isoforms differed in the 3' region of the open reading frame and/or the length of the 3' untranslated region. All encoded essentially identical preprohormones containing a 28-amino acid (aa) signal peptide, a 42-aa precursor related peptide and a 72-aa mature CHH. All deduced aa sequences had the six cysteines, two arginines, one aspartate, one phenylalanine, and one arginine originally identified as characteristic of this neuropeptide family. There was a single aa difference between the EG-CHH-D mature hormone and the other three isoforms. The EG-CHH isoforms were expressed in EG, hindgut, and thoracic ganglion. A fifth CHH isoform, designated pericardial organ (PO)-CHH, was similar to the PO-CHH isoform described in green crab, Carcinus maenas. It was expressed in hindgut and testis, but not in eyestalk ganglia; its expression in PO was not determined. The deduced aa sequence of the PO-CHH was identical to that of the EG-CHH isoforms through aa #40 of the mature peptide. The divergent aa sequence between positions #41 and #73 was encoded by an insertion of a 111-bp sequence absent in EG-CHH cDNAs. The data suggest that EG-CHH and PO-CHH isoforms are generated by alternative splicing of at least two CHH genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara J Lee
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Tiu SHK, He JG, Chan SM. The LvCHH-ITP gene of the shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) produces a widely expressed putative ion transport peptide (LvITP) for osmo-regulation. Gene 2007; 396:226-35. [PMID: 17466469 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2007.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2006] [Revised: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 02/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The LvCHH-ITP gene of Litopenaeus vannamei consists of 4 exons and 3 introns spanning 3.8 kb in size. The primary gene transcript produced a cDNA encoded for the putative ion transport pxeptide (LvITP) from exons 1, 2, 3, 4 and an alternative spliced transcript encoded for a putative CHH-like peptide from exons 1, 2 and 4. The mature LvITP is identical to the eyestalk CHH-like peptides at the N-terminal end but it only shows low amino acid sequence identity at the C-terminal end. In inter-molt shrimp, LvITP transcripts level is low in the eyestalk but is high in other non-eyestalk nervous tissues (i.e. brain, thoracic ganglion and ventral nerve cord), the epidermis, gill and gut. The transcript levels increase gradually towards the pre-molt and reach the maximum at the post-molt (stages A and B). In the gill and nerve cord, LvITP transcript level is low in the post-molt and early inter-molt but is high at the late inter-molt and pre-molt. Because of its high degree of amino acid sequence homology to the insect ion transport peptide, we studied the expression of LvITP in the gills of shrimp. The results indicated that a much higher level of LvITP transcript in the posterior gills which suggests its potential role in osmo-regulation. LvITP transcript level in the gill decreased when shrimp were exposed to both salinity extremes. Injection of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE) that stimulate the pre-molt condition could cause a significant increase in LvITP transcript level in 48 h. Injection of dsRNA for LvITP, on the contrary, caused a significant reduction in LvITP transcript level and shrimp showed a serious hemorrhage of the posterior gill in a dose-dependent manner. Shrimp injected with high concentration of dsRNA for LvITP died within 24 h. In conclusion, this study provides molecular evidence to support the osmo-regulatory function of LvITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley H K Tiu
- Department of Zoology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
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